JP5603865B2 - 固体又は溶融材料を処理するための方法 - Google Patents
固体又は溶融材料を処理するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5603865B2 JP5603865B2 JP2011524133A JP2011524133A JP5603865B2 JP 5603865 B2 JP5603865 B2 JP 5603865B2 JP 2011524133 A JP2011524133 A JP 2011524133A JP 2011524133 A JP2011524133 A JP 2011524133A JP 5603865 B2 JP5603865 B2 JP 5603865B2
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- graphite
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 steam Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Description
NaCN+H2O→Na2O+HCN
この場合、黒鉛体のサイズは、直径が約5mm〜約5cmの範囲である。
− 温度が実質的により低いこと、温度レベルが均一に分布し容易に調整可能であること、温度ピークが無いこと(誘導的に加熱された黒鉛体ベッド);
− 部分揮発下に、超純粋な「カーボンブラック」の添加によって望ましくない元素を還元すること、したがって実質的により望ましい原材料状態であること;
− 本発明による還元によって使用済みスラグの3分の1を場合により「再生」すること;極めて高価な有害な廃棄堆積物を防止すること;及びNi、Cr、V、W、Mo、Taなどのような価値のある合金成分を回収すること;
− 投入原料が、黒鉛ベッド内に吸引されるため、反応器内においてブリッジを形成しないこと(ブリッジの形成は、不均一に溶融された材料において、電気炉内で「キャッピング」を生成するという大きな問題を構成する);
− 連続的な溶融プロセスの費用効果が非常に高いこと、反応器の体積が小さいこと(電気炉のみが非連続的である);
− スラグが、誘導ゾーンにおいて耐火物材料と接触しないため、耐火物の問題が無いこと;
− 電気エネルギーを熱に転換する効率が高く、電極炉と比較して熱損失が非常に低いこと;
− 排ガス量が可能な限り少ないこと;吸引ガスが、好ましくは、Arのような不活性な希ガス、さらには窒素、又は好ましくはF2のような、さらにはH2O、Cl2、O2若しくはこれらの混合物のような反応性ガスであること。
Claims (12)
- 固体若しくは溶融材料を処理及び/又は還元するための方法であって、該固体又は溶融材料が少なくとも部分的に誘導的に加熱された黒鉛体上に装入されること、該黒鉛の炭素と異なる還元剤が導入されること、並びに流出する還元された及び/又は脱気された溶融物が収集されることを特徴とし、
ここで、該還元剤は、該固体又は溶融材料と共に装入され、前記還元剤として、天然ガス、炭粉(coal dust)、褐炭粉、炭化水素、水素、一酸化炭素又はアンモニアが、水蒸気、酸素、二酸化炭素又はハロゲン若しくはハロゲン化水素と一緒に導入され、
黒鉛体が、塊状の黒鉛のベッドによって形成されており、
前記固体又は溶融材料及び前記還元剤が、黒鉛ベッド内に吸引され、前記ベッドの材料投入端からタップ端まで流れ出ることを可能とするために、前記ベッドの軸方向長さに対して圧力勾配を調整する方法。 - 黒鉛体が、塊状の黒鉛のベッドに代えて、貫通チャネル又は穴を含む黒鉛ブロックとして構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭粉又は褐炭粉が、前記還元剤として導入されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記還元剤としての固体還元剤がキャリアガスによって導入されることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛体の酸化還元電位が、ガスを注入することによって制御され、黒鉛体の温度が、電力入力を変化させること及びガスを注入することによって制御されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ガラス粒子又はガラス溶融物が黒鉛体上に投入されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛体が、球体、円柱、ブロック、ペレット状成形体及び/又は電極破片の形態に黒鉛から形成されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛体が、黒鉛及び触媒粉末によって形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛体が、好適な塩及び/又は金属若しくはセラミックと一緒に押圧されて、電気伝導率を調整することを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記誘導加熱が、2種の異なる周波数で電流を適用することによって達成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記2種の異なる周波数の一方が、3から15kHzの間の範囲であり、他方の周波数が、0.5kHz未満であることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛体が、黒鉛及び不活性な充填体の混合物として導入されることを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| PCT/AT2009/000329 WO2010022425A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 | 2009-08-25 | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von festen oder schmelzflüssigen stoffen |
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| DE102014226117B4 (de) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-08-18 | Sgl Carbon Se | Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von schmelzflüssigen Einsatzstoffen |
| DE102015206170A1 (de) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zur Behandlung zinkhaltiger Stäube zur Gewinnung eines verwertbaren Zinkprodukts und zur Herstellung eines künstlichen Eisenerzes |
| CN107267775A (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-10-20 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | 一种海绵镍及其制备方法 |
| CA3090332C (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2023-01-17 | Entreprise Lefebvre Industri-Al Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for aluminum and zinc recovery from dross and metal-rich residues using induction melting |
| US11555473B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2023-01-17 | Kontak LLC | Dual bladder fuel tank |
| US11638331B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2023-04-25 | Kontak LLC | Multi-frequency controllers for inductive heating and associated systems and methods |
| CN108823429B (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-09-11 | 六盘水中联工贸实业有限公司 | 一种低品位含硫氧化锌矿的冶炼方法 |
| CN109771883A (zh) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种利用高硫煤解毒铬渣的方法 |
| WO2021175406A1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-10 | Montanuniversität Leoben | Apparatus and process for thermal treatment of raw material containing lithium compounds and phosphorus compounds, method of recovering lithium and/or phosphorus from residue material of lithium-ion batteries |
| AT525219B1 (de) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-04-15 | Ib Eng Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von zinkhaltigen Filterstäuben der Stahl- und Gießereiindustrie |
| KR102622237B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-18 | 2024-01-09 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 환원된 아실화 산화그래핀 및 이의 제조방법 |
| WO2024246143A1 (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2024-12-05 | Fundación Centro De Investigación Cooperativa De Energías Alternativas Cic Energigune Fundazioa | Reduction process assisted by alternating magnetic fields |
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| DE626822C (de) | 1929-02-12 | 1936-03-03 | Maximilian Heinrich Kraemer Dr | Eisenloser Induktionsofen zum Erhitzen, Schmelzen oder metallurgischen Behandeln vonMetallen, Metalloxyden, Zuschlaegen oder Schlacke, bei dem der Badinhalt aus Schichten verschiedener elektrischer Leitfaehigkeit besteht |
| US3948640A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1976-04-06 | Boliden Aktiebolag | Method of carrying out heat-requiring chemical and/or physical processes |
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| ZA201102126B (en) | 2011-11-30 |
| CN102187001A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
| EP2321439A1 (de) | 2011-05-18 |
| CA2735009C (en) | 2014-03-18 |
| AU2009287392B2 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
| RU2011111503A (ru) | 2012-10-10 |
| PE20110692A1 (es) | 2011-10-13 |
| RU2484152C2 (ru) | 2013-06-10 |
| CA2735009A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| AT507262A1 (de) | 2010-03-15 |
| AU2009287392A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| US20110179907A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
| EP2321439B1 (de) | 2017-03-22 |
| UA100587C2 (ru) | 2013-01-10 |
| CN102187001B (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
| BRPI0917332A2 (pt) | 2015-11-17 |
| KR101643136B1 (ko) | 2016-07-27 |
| BRPI0917332B1 (pt) | 2017-11-14 |
| ES2622473T3 (es) | 2017-07-06 |
| WO2010022425A1 (de) | 2010-03-04 |
| AT507262B1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
| JP2012500717A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
| US8568507B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
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