JP5662431B2 - 癌の光線力学療法のための標的化されたナノフォトメディスン - Google Patents
癌の光線力学療法のための標的化されたナノフォトメディスン Download PDFInfo
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- JP5662431B2 JP5662431B2 JP2012514903A JP2012514903A JP5662431B2 JP 5662431 B2 JP5662431 B2 JP 5662431B2 JP 2012514903 A JP2012514903 A JP 2012514903A JP 2012514903 A JP2012514903 A JP 2012514903A JP 5662431 B2 JP5662431 B2 JP 5662431B2
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005274 electronic transitions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH3] CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011503 in vivo imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N1[N+](C=2C=CC(I)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011277 treatment modality Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
- ナノ粒子前駆体分子を提供する段階と、
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体分子に光増感剤を結合させて光増感剤結合型ナノ粒子前駆体を提供する段階と、
- 前記光増感剤結合型ナノ粒子前駆体から、前記ナノ粒子前駆体の溶液沈澱または自己集合によってナノ粒子を形成する段階と
を含む方法を提供する。
- ナノ粒子前駆体分子を提供する段階と、
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体分子に光増感剤を結合させて光増感剤結合型ナノ粒子前駆体を提供する段階と、
- 該光増感剤-ナノ粒子前駆体結合体に磁気造影剤および/または光造影剤(optical contrast agent)を組み込む段階と、
- 磁気造影剤および/または光造影剤を含有する前記光増感剤-ナノ粒子前駆体混合物から溶液沈澱または分子自己集合によってナノ粒子を形成する段階と
を含む方法を提供する。
本明細書中で使用される場合、「ナノ粒子」という用語は、大きさが約20〜500nm、好ましくは50〜200nm、最も好ましくは約100nmと測定される微結晶粒子または一次粒子を指す。ナノ粒子は、ポリマーナノ粒子を含む、有機または無機のナノ粒子でありうる。該粒子は、乾燥粉末または分散液の形態で作製されうる。一般に、より高い付加価値のついた製品の形態のナノ粒子は、スラリー、フィルムまたはデバイスを提供するためのさらなる処理を必要とする。本発明において、デバイスとしての用途は想定されるものである。該ナノ粒子は、固体もしくは多孔質であってもよく、1個または複数の連続したもしくは半連続のシェルによって囲まれた内部コアを含んでいてもよく、または1個のモノリシック粒子を含んでいてもよい。コアおよびシェルは、いずれも、有機、無機またはポリマーでありうる。ナノ粒子の製造のための好適なナノ粒子材料は、シリカ(SiO2)、チタニア(TiO2)、アルミナ(Al2O3)、酸化鉄(Fe3O4、Fe2O3)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、セリア(CeO2)およびジルコニア(ZrO2)などの単純金属酸化物である。同様に好適なものは、酸化インジウム-スズ(In2O3-SnO2またはITO)および酸化アンチモン-スズ(ATO)のような混合酸化物、ケイ酸塩(ケイ酸アルミニウムおよびケイ酸ジルコニウム)ならびにチタン酸塩(チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3))である。多様な複合酸化物、半導体、非酸化セラミックス(例えば、炭化タングステン)および金属を含む、他の種類のナノ粒子も、特定の実施形態において好適である。TiO2およびITOのような半導性酸化物、半導体ナノ結晶(量子ドットと呼ばれることが多い)を除く。ナノ粒子の作製のためのさらなる技術は、デンドリマー(高度に分枝した合成のポリマー)または他のポリマーの使用に関する。該光増感剤は、部位ターゲティングおよび制御された送達、もしくはターゲティングと検出との組合せのために、典型的には、デンドリマーの表面に結合するか、またはその内側の空隙に配置される。該ナノ粒子は、好適には、コロイド合成を介して合成されてもよく、コロイド結晶の形態をとりうる。好適なナノ粒子前駆体としては、凝集してナノ粒子を形成する、相互に連結した前駆体のネットワークを形成するための、好ましくは2つ、好ましく
は2つより多い、例えば、3つ、4つまたは5つの、分子間結合のための部位を有する重合性モノマーなどが挙げられる。
本発明のナノフォトメディスンは、多くの異なる方法で調製することができる。これは、ナノ粒子の種類、ならびに光増感剤およびナノ粒子マトリックス(ナノ粒子の調製用の材料)の化学的性質によって決まる。
発光材料でナノ粒子をドープする方法は、一般に、以下のように行うことができる。まず、光増感剤を結合したナノ粒子前駆体を上記のように調製する。発光マーカーを、加水分解および凝縮の溶液にそのマーカーを添加することにより、この前駆体の加水分解および凝縮中に、ナノマトリックス中にドープする。次に、前記ナノ粒子前駆体の分子間凝縮を介したナノ粒子前駆体複合体の形成、およびナノ粒子を形成するための前記ナノ粒子前駆体複合体の凝集のための条件を適用する。オルトケイ酸塩前駆体の場合では、これらには、例えば、1〜5%のNH4O4の供給が含まれる。該発光マーカーの好適な量は、沈澱溶液中に、例えば、0.01μMのZnS : Mn2+である。10分間の超音波処理は、準凝集されたCe6およびZnS : Mn2+ QDと複合化された二酸化ケイ素のナノ粒子の沈澱を導き、準凝集されたCe6およびZnS : Mn2+ QDは、ナノ粒子状マトリックス中に埋め込まれた状態を維持する。沈澱したドープされたナノフォトメディスンを、遠心分離によって媒体から分離して、好ましくは、PBS中で洗浄および保存する。本発明のナノフォトメディスンの投与のためには、該デバイスを、PBS中に懸濁することが好ましい。
該ナノ粒子を磁気造影剤でドープする方法は、発光マーカーについての上記のものと基本的に同じである。まず、光増感剤を結合したナノ粒子前駆体を上記のように調製する。磁気造影剤の前駆体、例えば: 0.001〜10%のGd3+(GdNO3)もしくは0.001〜10%の(Mn2+)MnCl2、または0.001〜10%のFe3+(FeCl3)を、ナノ粒子を形成する加水分解および凝縮の溶液に添加する。硝酸ガドリニウムの使用は、例えば、適切な条件下で、準凝集された光増感剤と複合化されてGd3+でドープされたナノ粒子が沈澱する結果となり、Gd3+は、ナノ粒子状マトリックスのアモルファス相中に埋め込まれた状態を維持する。沈澱したナノ粒子を、遠心分離によって媒体から分離し、好ましくは、使用前に洗浄する。
標的療法は医薬の中心的な目標であり、標的治療部分の周囲の正常組織に対する損傷を最小限に抑えることがきわめて重要である。PDTは、事実上体内のあらゆる部位に適用することができる。PDTは照射後に全身性免疫応答を誘発するが、活性酸素種の作用の半径は、単一の細胞の半径よりもきわめて小さい。実際には、光増感剤結合体は、dark toxicityを示さず、したがって、(明領域内での)局所的な選択性は重大な可能性を提供する。高濃度の活性酸素種に耐性であるかまたは耐性を生じることが示されている細胞もしくは組織はない。本発明は、従来技術の標的光線力学療法の重大な不利な点の多くを克服することができる。ここで、光増感剤結合体は、限られた生物学的利用能、非特異的な取り込みおよびターゲティングリガンドあたりの活性酸素種を生じる限られた能力を有する。本明細書中に記載のように、本発明のアプローチの原理を証明するために、sst2を発現している細胞を使用した。本発明は、他のレセプターをターゲティングするために使用することができ、他の光増感剤と共に適用することもできる。癌の分子標的は、広範囲にわたり、腫瘍の種類に特異的である。乳房、前立腺、肺、脳の腫瘍および胃腸管における癌のレセプター標的PDTを研究することは、明らかに合理的である。他の非悪性状態を標的とすることもできる。例えば、関節リウマチを有する患者の罹患した関節内の活性化された免疫性細胞は高密度のソマトスタチン(SS)レセプター(sst)を発現するためである。標的PDTは、この状態を治療するための理想的な候補となるであろう。
以下の実施例は、2つの異なる代表的な光増感剤、すなわち、クロリンe6(Ce6)またはmTHPCが、光の組織透過率がより良好なQ帯(赤色NIR)領域で望ましい光吸収特性の最終構築物の好適な準凝集段階で、ナノサイズ化された(50〜150nm)シリカまたはキトサンの担体デバイス中に共有結合で埋め込まれる、ナノフォトメディスン(NPM)を作製する方法を説明するものである。これらのナノフォトメディスンを、光学イメージングに好適な発光量子ドットの第2の成分およびMRIコントラストイメージングに好適な常磁性イオンの第3の成分でドープしてドープされたナノフォトメディスンを形成すること、および/または活性な癌ターゲティングペプチドリガンドと結合させて(ドープされた)ナノフォトメディスン結合体を形成すること、新規な光退色特性、癌細胞への送達、ならびに前記ナノフォトメディスンを使用する光線力学療法を、別々の実施例において説明している。
この実施例では、Q帯(654nm)領域において最終構築物による光の吸収がフリーのCe6と比較して約2倍高い、光増感剤クロリンe6(Ce6)ベースのナノフォトメディスン(すなわち、NPM-1)の調製を示している。
この実施例では、Q帯における光の吸収がフリーのCe6のものと比較して約4倍高いナノフォトメディスン(NPM-2)の加工を例示している。
さらにもう1つの実施例では、Q帯領域における吸収がフリーのCe6のものと比較して約7倍高いナノフォトメディスン(NPM-3)の作製を例示している。
この実施例では、もう1つの重要な光増感剤であるmTHPCを有するナノフォトメディスン(NPM-4)の作製を例示している。この生成物は、高い蛍光活性および光増感剤活性を維持したまま、652nmでソーレー帯からQ帯に光吸光度特性の100%シフトを示す。
この実施例では、実施例3で調製されるナノフォトメディスン(NPM-3)の光物理的特性を例示している。光線力学療法におけるフリーの薬剤との比較で生成物の著しい改良を実証している。
この実施例では、癌細胞の細胞内でのナノフォトメディスンの光安定性を試験して、フリーの光増感剤のものと比較した。
この実施例では、ドープされたナノフォトメディスンを形成するために、ZnS:Mn2+の発光量子ドットでドープされた、ナノフォトメディスンNPM-5の作製を例示している。
この実施例では、ドープされたナノフォトメディスンを形成するためにガドリニウム(Gd3+)の磁気造影剤でドープされたNPM-5の作製を説明している。
この実施例では、ドープされたナノフォトメディスンを形成するためにマンガン(Mn2+)の磁気造影剤でドープされたNPM-6の作製を説明している。
この実施例では、ドープされたナノフォトメディスンを形成するために鉄(Fe3+)の磁気造影剤でドープされたNPM-5の作製を説明している。
この実施例では、赤色レーザー(放射652nm)を使用して、ペプチドを結合したナノフォトメディスンの感度を高めることによる、ペプチドを結合したナノフォトメディスンの癌細胞への送達および光線力学療法を説明している。
Claims (18)
- 分子イメージングを用いた標的光線力学療法における使用に好適な光増感剤含有ナノ粒子の作製のための方法であって、
a)ナノ粒子前駆体分子を提供する段階と、
b)前記ナノ粒子前駆体分子に光増感剤を結合させて光増感剤結合型ナノ粒子前駆体を提供する段階と、
c)ステップb)から得られた前記光増感剤-ナノ粒子前駆体混合物から溶液沈澱または分子自己集合によってナノ粒子を形成する段階と
を含む方法。 - 前記ナノ粒子が、金属硫酸塩、金属リン酸塩、金属酸化物、キトサン、カルボキシメチルキトサン(CMC)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される材料から形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属酸化物がシリカであり、前記前駆体分子がオルトケイ酸塩であり、前記ナノ粒子が、塩基性pHの条件下かつコロイド状シリカナノ粒子を形成するための超音波処理下でのオルトケイ酸塩前駆体の加水分解および凝縮の過程によって形成される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記光増感剤が、クロリンe6(Ce6)、メソ-テトラ(3-ヒドロキシフェニル)クロリン(m-THPC)、ベンゾポルフィリン誘導体一酸環A(BPDまたはベルテポルフィン)、フォトフリン、テモポルフィン、ローズベンガル、金属フタロシアニンおよびこれらの組合せから選択される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記光増感剤-ナノ粒子前駆体結合体に磁気造影剤および/または光造影剤を添加して光増感剤-ナノ粒子前駆体混合物を提供する段階を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得ることができる光増感剤含有ナノ粒子。
- 光増感剤含有ナノ粒子であって、前記ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部の全体にわたってナノ粒子マトリックス材料に共有結合で結合し、かつ、モノマー分子と凝集した分子との混合物としてその中に組み込まれた光増感剤を含み、前記ナノ粒子のソーレー帯吸収に対するQ帯吸収の比率が0.1と1.0との間の値を有する光増感剤含有ナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、金属硫酸塩、金属リン酸塩、金属酸化物、カルボキシメチルキトサン(CMC)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体(PLGA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される材料から形成される、請求項6または7に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記金属酸化物がシリカである、請求項8に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記光増感剤が、クロリンe6 (Ce6)、メソ-テトラ(3-ヒドロキシフェニル)クロリン(m-THPC)、ベンゾポルフィリン誘導体一酸環A(BPDまたはベルテポルフィン)、フォトフリン、テモポルフィン、ローズベンガル、金属フタロシアニンおよびこれらの組合せから選択される、請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、光造影剤および/または磁気造影剤でドープされている、請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記光造影剤が、Mn2+、Cu+-Al3+もしくはCu+-ハロゲンまたはこれらの組合せでドープされたZnSの発光量子ドットである、請求項11に記載のナノ粒子。
- 磁気造影剤が、ナノ粒子をGd3+、Fe3+またはMn2+でドープすることによって提供される、請求項11に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、最も外側の表面に共有結合で連結された癌ターゲティングリガンドを含有する、請求項6から13のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子。
- 癌ターゲティングリガンドが、オクトレオチドもしくはオクレアトテート(ocreatotate)、または、ソマトスタチンレセプター2型を標的とするこれらのカルボキシレート誘導体である、請求項14に記載のナノ粒子。
- 請求項6から15のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子を、薬学的に許容される担体と共に含む、注射用組成物または経口投与用組成物。
- 請求項6から15のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子を含む、PDT治療によって癌細胞を死滅させるための組成物であって、前記PDT治療が、前記癌細胞を前記ナノ粒子と接触させる段階と、前記ナノ粒子に治療有効量の光を照射して前記ナノ粒子からの一重項酸素発光を誘起する段階とを含む、組成物。
- 請求項6から15のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子を含む、画像によるPDT治療によって癌細胞を死滅させるための組成物であって、前記画像によるPDT治療が、前記癌細胞を前記ナノ粒子と接触させる段階と、前記ナノ粒子に治療有効量の光を照射して前記ナノ粒子からの一重項酸素発光を誘起する段階とを含み、前記ナノ粒子が光造影剤および/または磁気造影剤でドープされ、前記照射の方向が、癌細胞の部位、大きさおよび広がりを示すためのマーカーとして光造影剤または磁気造影剤を使用するイメージング技術によって誘導される、組成物。
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| WO2010143942A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| AU2009347929A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| EP2440247A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| EP2440247B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
| ES2627420T3 (es) | 2017-07-28 |
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