JP5509065B2 - Fleece processing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for processing nonwoven fabrics made of fibers and/or filaments, or other web material, comprising a hollow distributor device (2) having a plurality of nozzle openings (2.2), wherein a gaseous medium can be applied to the nonwoven fabric or web material by means of the distributor device. According to the invention, the nozzle openings (2.2) are located in a housing wall (2.1) of a distributor device (2), said housing wall facing the nonwoven fabric or web material.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fleece processing device based on the superordinate concept of claim 1.

  A fleece treatment apparatus using water vapor that introduces hot vapor into the fleece through a hollow-shaped spraying device having many nozzle openings is well known from US Pat.

European Patent Publication No. 1553222

  The object of the present invention is to improve such a device and to expand the fleece manufacturing / fleece processing means.

  This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. Improved configurations will become apparent from the dependent claims.

  Therefore, a nozzle opening for a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, and water vapor is disposed on the casing wall surface of the spraying device, and the interval A with the surface of the fleece or nonwoven fabric to be processed is within 10 mm, Advantageously, it is defined as within 8 mm or 5 mm.

  For this purpose, it is advantageous that the spreading device is configured as a spreading pipe to which water vapor is added. A fleece can be processed inexpensively using a water vapor jet. It is also advantageous to apply a vapor pressure of 5-30 bar or 10-25 bar to the spray pipe.

  A further approach according to the present invention is to match the length of the nozzle opening to approximately the thickness of the housing wall.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous for the spreading device to discharge the vapor jet into the fleece or nonwoven at approximately the same temperature and / or pressure over its entire operating range.

  It is also advantageous to provide a steam outlet in the end area or the outflow area of the spreading device. In that case, it is advantageous to connect the steam outlet with a control valve or a steam relief valve which can be controlled according to one or more parameters. By doing so, the cold air can be discharged from the spray pipe very quickly, so that it can be warmed uniformly and very quickly to the operating temperature of the spray equipment, in particular the spray pipe, within 10-15 minutes. Become. Such fast heating also prevents the possibility of condensation outside the pipe. When the condensed droplets fall on the fleece charging side, a spot-like spot that is not cured by steam is generated in the fleece. It appears as a dirty spot on the final product. Insulation of the spraying device thereby creates a cold spot, which encourages the generation of such droplets.

  It is also advantageous to supply the steam via the preceding first spray pipe connected in parallel with the second spray pipe via a plurality of connecting pipes.

  It is advantageous to use the control device to drive the spreading device and / or the spreading pipe in a vibrating manner. A further advantage is the addition of superheated steam to the spreading device.

In the present invention, the spray pipe is configured as a single wall pipe, the nozzle opening is opened on the wall surface of the casing, the length of the nozzle opening or the inlet side of the nozzle opening on the casing wall surface and the outlet end of the nozzle opening And the distance between the outlet end of the nozzle opening on the wall of the housing and the location where the vapor jet hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece to be sprayed determines that the vapor jet stroke G _L = A + L is important.

  To change the hole geometry, the number of holes and the hole arrangement, the entire pipe must be replaced. In order to avoid the heating and condensation problems described above, a separate nozzle plate is not deployed. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to provide a quick-change clamping fastener on the front side of the pipe in order to make the replacement simple and fast.

Also, it is advantageous to set the gas or vapor jet stroke G _L = A + L to a length obtained by adding the length of the nozzle opening on the housing wall to 0.1 mm to 5 mm, 0.5 mm to 3 mm, or 1 mm to 2 mm. is there.

  It is also advantageous to configure the cross section of the lower region of the spreading pipe provided with the nozzle openings into a flat shape, a conical concave shape or a concave shape.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous to arrange the equipment for curing the fleece consisting of fibers and / or filaments between the two turning rolls of the structured belt.

  It is also advantageous if the device for curing the fleece made of fibers and / or filaments is made of special steel and is contained in two or more holding bodies.

  In yet another embodiment, it is advantageous to arrange the nozzle openings in the spray pipe in a single, double or more arrangement.

  It is advantageous if the row of nozzle openings provided in the spreading device or spreading pipe is offset with respect to the row of nozzle openings extending adjacent and parallel thereto.

  It is also advantageous for the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle opening to be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm and the spacing between the holes between the nozzle openings to be 1 mm to 5 mm or 1.2 mm to 2 mm.

  In addition, it is important that the length of the spreading device or the spreading pipe is 1 m to 5 mm, and a pipe joint or a flange connection portion is provided at least on the inflow side and / or the outflow side thereof.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous to accommodate the spreading pipe in the holding body in such a way that its height and / or lateral direction can be adjusted.

  It is also advantageous to have a plurality of devices for curing a fleece composed of fibers and / or filaments using a gaseous medium, opposed to a structured drum or structured belt.

  Furthermore, the fleece passes over a structured belt or structured drum, and the nonwoven fabric is sprayed using a vapor jet from the backside, thereby protruding or raised from the planar pattern and / or the nonwoven fabric or notch It is advantageous to form

  In another embodiment of the present invention, a superheater is provided that generates superheated water vapor, which can be controlled by at least an actuator to control the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric. By doing so, the quality of the nonwoven fabric can be easily and optimally adjusted. The advantageously configured superheater allows the humidity of the fleece or the nonwoven to be adjusted optimally at the end of the individual steps. Changing the humidity of the nonwoven fabric affects the weight of the nonwoven fabric on the one hand and the static electricity on the other hand. When the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric is large, static electricity of the nonwoven fabric is reduced. By increasing the humidity of the nonwoven, subsequent reprocessing of the fleece will be improved.

  It is advantageous to connect a superheater that determines the moisture content of the nonwoven to a control or conditioning cycle and to adjust the heating temperature corresponding to the moisture content of the fleece or nonwoven.

  To that end, it is advantageous to change the temperature of the superheater that controls the moisture content of the nonwoven using control and / or regulation equipment. By doing so, the manufacturing process for producing the nonwoven fabric can be optimized.

  For this purpose, it is also advantageous to detect the temperature of the superheater and the humidity of the nonwoven fabric using at least one measuring sensor in order to control the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric, in which case the measuring sensor is controlled and / or In connection with the adjustment cycle, the actual measured values are transferred to a computer and stored there, and compared with a settable or desired target value. It serves as a control or adjustment parameter for adjusting to humidity.

  In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spreading device and / or the spreading pipe are at least arranged with a device for the treatment of the nonwoven and / or transfer to the next treatment or storage station, Located in the immediate vicinity of the spreading device and partially or completely composed of plastic.

  Based on such an implementation of the present invention, if a given device part is partially or completely made of plastic, the plastic will act as a thermal insulator, so that part used hot or superheated steam. It does n’t get so hot. In that way, the thermal energy contained in the gaseous medium can be supplied to the product to be treated almost completely, which improves the overall efficiency. The plastic coating basically contributes to reducing heat loss due to heat conduction, for example through a metal plate or a metal part of the transport mechanism. Furthermore, parts made of plastic are less expensive than device parts made of metal.

  Precuring also prevents fleece delays at the delivery points of individual processes when the production speed is high, so that the MD / CD ratio previously obtained by carding is not impaired. Especially suitable. A fleece can be processed inexpensively using a steam jet.

  The narrower the interval is, the more effectively the superheated steam jet for curing the fleece can be used, and the interval within 2 mm or 0.5-1 mm is optimal.

A special embodiment of the present invention defines an embodiment as a rear humidifier. In that case, the following arrangement is particularly advantageous.
a) After the laying device (carding device 10), there is at least one first needling device or spraying device that blows a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor, etc. onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
b) After a first needling device for blowing a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece, at least one second spray for the gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor Equipment and / or spraying equipment for liquid media such as water,
c) After the spreading device, there is a dryer, after which there is one or more rear humidifiers.

  If there is a steam needling device in front of the dryer, the surface of the fleece can be reprocessed inexpensively to make it feel good or fluffy. In that case, it is particularly advantageous to place a needling device immediately before the dryer.

  Advantageously, instead of curing with a conventional water jet, a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor is sprayed onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece, after the first laying of the fleece fiber material or carding material Immediately without difficulty, the fleece can be transferred to the next processing station.

An apparatus having the following characteristics is also advantageous.
a) The laying equipment (carding equipment) can be used to lay the fiber mixture on the transport belt,
b) After the laying equipment (carding equipment), there is at least one first spraying equipment that blows a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor, etc. onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
c) After that, there is a pneumatic laying device, which can be used to lay the pulp as a second layer on the transport belt,
d) After the pneumatic laying equipment, a second carding equipment is provided, which uses a polymer such as PE or PET, or fibers made of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers. The fleece fiber material composed of the mixture can be laid on the nonwoven fabric or fleece as the third layer,
e) Thereafter, a needless device is used to supply a liquid medium such as water to the nonwoven fabric or fleece, or a spraying device is used to supply a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, or water vapor to the nonwoven fabric or fleece. Can do both or both,
f) There is a rear humidifier after the dryer.

  As already mentioned above, at least one conveying belt and / or a needling belt, which is arranged partially or completely made of plastic, or covered with plastic, is arranged under the spreading device, The distance between the outlet end of the nozzle opening on the wall surface of the housing and the place where the gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor or the like hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece is 0. 5 mm to 8 mm or 1 mm to 5 mm is advantageous. When only a very slight change in the surface of the fleece is realized, the interval is set to 20 mm or more. Increasing the spacing can weaken the action of the gas or vapor jet to achieve fleece hardening accordingly. However, if the distance is further increased, the structure of the fleece can be advantageously adjusted and the fluffy state of the fleece can be improved accordingly. At intervals of about 8 mm or more, the surface of the fleece changes only to the extent that the nozzle jet streak or hit location on the surface of the fleece is no longer known.

An apparatus having the following characteristics is also advantageous.
a) After laying equipment (carding equipment), there is at least one first needling equipment or spraying equipment for blowing a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece, and the housing of the equipment The distance between the outlet end of the nozzle opening on the wall surface and the location where the vapor jet hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece is 0.5 mm to 8 mm or 1 mm to 5 mm,
b) After a first needling device for blowing a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece, at least one second spray for the gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor Equipment and / or needling equipment for liquid media such as water,
c) The spraying device and / or the spraying pipe are at least faced with non-woven fabric processing and / or equipment parts such as transport belts and turning rolls for transport to the next processing or storage station, It is placed in close proximity to the equipment and is partially or completely made of plastic.

Furthermore, an apparatus having the following characteristics is advantageous.
a) Using laying equipment (carding equipment 10), fibers or filaments can be laid on the transport belt 4 (generation of fleece or non-woven fabric),
b) After the laying device (carding device 10), there is at least one first spraying device 2 for spraying a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor or the like onto the fleece or nonwoven fabric (pre-curing),
c) In particular, using a laying device (air array device 14) configured as a pneumatic laying device, the pulp can be laid on a fleece or non-woven fabric on the transport belt 4 as a second layer,
d) Using a second laying device (carding device 10.2), a fleece fiber material composed of a polymer such as PE or PET, or a fiber mixture composed of natural fibers and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers is used. Can be laid on a fleece or nonwoven as three layers,
e) A needling device 16 for spraying water on the fleece or nonwoven fabric or a spraying device 2 for spraying a gaseous medium (inert gas, air, water vapor) on the fleece or nonwoven fabric is provided.

In this case, an advantageous embodiment of such an arrangement is configured as follows.
a) The fiber mixture can be laid on a conveyor belt using laying equipment (carding equipment),
b) After the laying equipment (carding equipment), there is at least one first spraying equipment that blows a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor, etc. onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
c) After that, there is a pneumatic laying device, which can be used to lay the pulp as a second layer on the transport belt,
d) After the pneumatic laying equipment, a second carding equipment is provided, which uses a polymer such as PE or PET, or fibers made of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers. The fleece fiber material composed of the mixture can be laid on the nonwoven fabric or fleece as the third layer,
e) Thereafter, a liquid medium such as water is supplied to the nonwoven fabric or the fleece using a needling device, or a gaseous medium such as an inert gas, air or water vapor is supplied using a spraying device. Or you can do both,
f) The nozzle opening is arranged on the housing wall surface of the spraying device or the spraying pipe, and the distance between the outlet end of the nozzle opening on the housing wall surface and the place where the steam jet hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece is 1 mm to 5 mm, especially 1 mm to 3 mm,
g) The spreading device and / or the spreading pipe are at least faced with parts of the non-woven fabric and / or transported to the next processing or storage station, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the spreading device. Partly or completely made of plastic.

  Furthermore, it is advantageous that the control device can be used to drive the spreading device and / or the spreading pipe in a vibrating manner.

  In the present invention, it is particularly important that the spreading device is configured as a spreading pipe and that superheated water vapor can be applied to the pipe at a vapor pressure of 5-30 bar or 10-25 bar.

  The interval between the nozzle and the fleece is 1 mm to 2 mm as described above. At very large intervals, it causes turbulence, i.e. it is counterproductive to curing. However, depending on the product, it may be desirable to construct it in a fluffy state. After curing, the fleece can be processed by water needling and then processed in a dryer. Advantageously, the dryer can be omitted if the fleece is needling with superheated steam. In that case, non-synthetic fibers or products that should not be exposed to high humidity or heat can also be used.

The needling device according to the invention can also be used for precuring of the fleece. An advantageous arrangement in that case is configured as follows.
a) After laying equipment (carding equipment), there is a needling device or a spraying device for spraying a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor or the like onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
b) Thereafter, a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor is supplied to the nonwoven fabric or fleece using another spraying device, or a liquid medium such as water is sprayed using a needling spraying device. Can supply or both,
c) The nonwoven fabric or fleece is sent to a storage or collection site, or sent to a storage or collection site via a dryer.

An apparatus having the following characteristics is also advantageous.
a) The fiber mixture can be laid on a conveyor belt using laying equipment (carding equipment),
b) After the laying equipment (carding equipment), there is a spraying equipment that blows a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air or water vapor onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
c) After that, there is a pneumatic laying device, which can be used to lay the pulp as a second layer on the transport belt,
d) After the pneumatic laying equipment, there is a second carding equipment, which uses polymers such as PE and PET, or natural fibers and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers. A fleece fiber material composed of a fiber mixture can be laid on the nonwoven fabric or fleece as a third layer,
e) Thereafter, using a needling device, a liquid medium such as water is supplied to the nonwoven fabric or fleece, or a gaseous medium such as an inert gas, air or water vapor is supplied to the nonwoven fabric or fleece using a spraying device. Or you can do both,
f) Subsequently, the nonwoven or fleece can be sent to a dryer and / or storage or collection site.

  Additional advantages and details of the invention are set forth in the claims and specification and illustrated in the drawings.

Illustration of a device for curing a fleece made of fibers and / or filaments Figure of another embodiment in which a first spray pipe for supplying steam to a second spray pipe is connected to a second spray pipe via a plurality of connecting pipes Sectional view of an apparatus for curing a fleece comprising the fibers and / or filaments of FIG. Cross section of the device of FIG. 1b Cross section of the lower area of the spreading pipe with a flat nozzle opening Cross-sectional view of the lower area of the spray pipe with the nozzle opening recessed in a conical shape or configured as a concave surface Schematic diagram of holding body containing spray pipe Cross-sectional view of an apparatus for curing a fleece comprising fibers and / or filaments of FIG. Illustration of another embodiment of an apparatus for curing a fleece composed of fibers and / or filaments with a rear humidifier Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic usage diagram of the apparatus according to the present invention Schematic diagram of a processing facility that treats the surface of a fleece at at least one position on two sides of a needling device for gaseous media

  2 or 6 shows the overall installation of the apparatus 1 or 1.1 for curing a fleece made of fibers and / or filaments. The equipment basically comprises a curing drum or a drum 3 having a structure, and a needling belt 4 is passed over the drum as shown in FIG. The fleece made of fibers and / or filaments is fed to a hardening drum or structured drum 3 via a compression device 6 which is only partially shown in the drawing. For this purpose, the compression device 6 has a transport belt 6.1. The fleece can be fed from the curing drum or the structured drum 3 to another processing step. The curing drum 3 is equipped with a suction device 3.1, thereby discharging the gaseous medium.

  The device 1 for curing a fleece composed of fibers and / or filaments comprises one or more spreading devices 2, and a gaseous medium or water vapor is fed to the inflow side 7 of the spreading device 2. The spreading device 2 can be adjusted in height using the lifting device 2.11. In order to change the distance between the surface of the nonwoven fabric 11 and the outlet end of the nozzle opening 2.2 as required. Are arranged in various forms. A device 1 for curing a fleece composed of fibers and / or filaments is arranged between two redirecting rolls 4.1 of a structured belt 4. A bulky fleece 11 that has not yet been cured is compressed between two belts and roughly cured by a steam jet in such a compressed state, after which the final curing is second or more. This is done by subsequent spraying equipment.

  The spraying device 2 is part of a needling device that can operate using a gaseous medium such as an inert gas, hot air, water vapor, etc. above a temperature of 150 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably above the saturation temperature. It is.

  The spraying device 2 is configured as a spraying pipe 2.4 that can spray water vapor as shown in FIG. 1a or other gaseous medium as described above. The spreading pipe 2.4 is made of corrosion-resistant steel or special steel and has a length of about 1 m to 5 m. The spreading pipe 2.4 is provided with a pipe joint or a flange pipe joint 9 at least on the inflow side 7 and the outflow side 8 as shown in the drawing. Therefore, each pipe or valve is connected to the flange pipe joint 9. be able to. The spreading pipe 2.4 is accommodated in the holding body 5 so that the height and / or the lateral direction can be adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 1b, the supply of steam is connected to a third spray pipe 2.4 via a plurality of connecting pipes 2, 7, and a preceding first spray pipe 2.6 arranged in parallel therewith. Is done via.

  Furthermore, the cross section of the lower region of the spreading pipe 2.4 provided with the nozzle opening 2.2 is flat (FIG. 3b), conically recessed or concave (FIG. 3c). Can be configured.

  In the example not shown in the drawing, the nozzle openings 2.2 can be arranged in the spreading pipe 2.4 in a single, double or more arrangement.

  The spray pipe 2.4 can be applied with a vapor pressure of 5-30 bar or 10-25 bar. The set value of the vapor pressure can be changed using a control device not shown in the drawing.

  The spreading device 2 is configured to release a vapor jet to the fleece or nonwoven fabric 11 at approximately the same temperature and / or the same pressure over its entire operating width.

  A steam outlet 3.2 (FIG. 4) or a steam relief valve 2.5 (FIG. 1a) is provided in the terminal area of the spraying device 2 or in the area on the outflow side 8, so that at the start of operation of the equipment When steam is added to the spraying device 2, cold air can be pushed out of the spraying device 2. As such, the equipment will be transferred to the required operating temperature in a very short time with less energy. The steam outlet 3.2 (FIGS. 1a, 4) can be connected to a control valve or a steam relief valve (regulating valve) 2.5 which can be adjusted according to one or more parameters.

  It is particularly advantageous to configure the spreading pipe 2.4 as a single wall pipe and to open the nozzle opening 2.2 directly in the housing wall surface 2.1.

The stroke G _L = A + L of the steam jet is determined by the length 2.3 of the nozzle opening 2.2 or the inflow side of the nozzle opening 2.2 of the housing wall surface 2.1 and the outlet end of the nozzle opening 2.2. And the distance between the exit end of the nozzle opening 2.2 in the housing wall 2.1 and the location where the vapor jet hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece 11 to be sprayed.

Nozzle opening 2 on the wall surface 2.1 of the casing wall 2.1 so that the total stroke G _L = A + L of the steam jet is 0.1 mm to 10 mm, 0.1 mm to 8 mm, 0.1 mm to 5 mm, 0.5 mm to 3 mm, or 1 mm to 2 mm. By adding a length of .2, a very good steam jet treatment is realized. Within the nozzle hole, the kinetic energy is still maintained, although the vapor pressure is reduced by dynamic pressure loss until it is almost no pressure at the outlet from the nozzle hole. Only when jet injection from the nozzle comes out of the nozzle hole 2.2, the jet injection gradually diffuses into a fan shape, so that its kinetic energy also decreases. Therefore, it is advantageous to make the distance A between the outlet end of the nozzle opening 2.2 of the housing wall surface 2.1 and the place where the vapor jet hits the nonwoven fabric or the fleece 11 as narrow as possible.

  FIGS. 1 b and 5 show a second embodiment of the device 1 for curing a fleece made of fibers and / or filaments.

  The spraying of the steam is carried out via the connecting pipes 2 and 7 connected to the third spraying pipe 2.4 extending parallel to the first and second spraying pipes 2.6 and 2.9. This is done via a first spreading pipe 2.6 connected to pipe 2.9. The cross-sectional shape of the spreading pipes 2.4, 2.6, 2.9 can be configured in various ways.

  Such a configuration is particularly suitable for fabric widths which produce a fleece material with particularly good quality, or a low vapor pressure resulting in low vapor pressure and no longer guaranteeing uniform vapor distribution over the entire width. This is advantageous when is large. Such a gradual distribution provides a particularly good degree of dispersion.

  In FIG. 1b, additional narrowing parts for changing or reducing the cross-section of the spray pipe 2.6 continuously or stepwise towards the inflow sides 7.1 and 7.2 are shown in the first spray pipe 2. 6 can be deployed. Such a change in cross-section can be realized with a conical insertion object 2.10, which is configured as a solid or closed hollow body, through which steam circulates. In that way, the pressure and vapor distribution in the spray pipe can be improved.

  Furthermore, in order to improve the steam distribution, conical parts 2.10 or similar shaped fittings can be deployed in the first spreading pipe 2.6. By supplying steam from both ends of the spraying device 2 as shown by arrows 7.1 and 7.2, a uniform vapor pressure distribution in the spraying pipe 2.6 is ensured.

  Therefore, the steam spreads perpendicularly to the spray pipe 2.4, not in the longitudinal direction, and at the start-up of the entire apparatus, the generated condensation or excess air remaining in the spray pipe is lowered from the nozzle hole 2.2. The steam outlet 3.2 can be dispensed with.

  FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the device 1 for curing a fleece made of fibers and / or filaments. There, a needling device is arranged between two turning rolls 4.1 juxtaposed in close proximity to a structured belt 4. In this case, the spacing is selected so that only one needling device can be deployed between the turning rolls 4.1.

  In another embodiment not shown in the drawing, it is also possible to arrange two or more needling devices or the sprinkling pipe 2 attached thereto between the two turning rolls 4.1.

  After such a turning roll 4.1, further needling devices can be provided which can act on the fleece 11 from only one side or from both sides.

  As used herein, a superabsorbent in the form of a fiber, powder, or superabsorbent polymer, hereinafter referred to as SAP, is a plastic that has the ability to absorb many times its own weight (up to 1000 times) liquid, mostly water or distilled water. Means.

  Here, the product is used as a white coarse particle powder having a particle size of 100 to 1,000 μm (0.1 to 1.0 mm). This powder is used in large quantities in the manufacture of diapers, otherwise in the production of women's menstrual and incontinence assistance products, and in small quantities in the jacket of cables for deep-sea lines. In the present invention, the powder or SAP can be spread on the surface of the fleece and covered with a second layer, so that these two layers will be needled in the process according to the present invention.

The superabsorbent is a copolymer composed of acrylic acid (propenoic acid, C ₃ H ₄ O ₂ ) and sodium salt (sodium acrylate, NaC ₃ H ₄ O ₂ ), changing the ratio of the two monomers to each other. be able to. In addition, a so-called core crosslinker (core crosslinker, CXL) is added to the monomer solution to bond the formed long chain polymer molecules together in some places ("crosslink") by chemical bridging. This bridging makes the polymer insoluble in water. As water or aqueous salt solution penetrates the polymer particles, the polymer particles expand and become a molecular plane of the tight network, and the water can no longer escape by itself.

  Here, as the most important superabsorbent, what is called surface cross-linking (surface cross linking, SXL) can be mentioned. In this case, another chemical substance is attached to the surface of each particle so that the second network is formed only in the outer layer of the grain by a reaction that occurs in a state where heat is applied. It prevents the absorbed solution from escaping under pressure by its own tightening that also occurs during liquid absorption. That is important, for example, in diapers that should not leak again when the baby wakes up.

Advantageously, the basis weight is 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm thickness of the entire fleece, advantageously, in the case of 0.4mm~0.6mm is ^{35g / m 2 ~45g / m 2} , the whole fleece When the thickness is 0.5 mm, it is 40 g / m ² .

A fleece or a nonwoven fabric can be manufactured based on the following process (refer FIG. 7a-7c and FIG. 6).
a) using the laying equipment, in particular the first carding equipment 10, the fiber mixture can be laid on the transport belt 4,
b) After the laying device or the first carding device 10, there is a spraying device 2 for spraying a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor or the like onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece 11,
c) After that, there is a pneumatic laying device or air laying device 14, which is used to lay pulp or a fiber mixture of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers on the transport belt 4 as a second layer. Can
d) In the embodiment of FIGS. 7c-7f, a second carding device 10.2 is respectively provided, so that if required, a three-layer fleece can be produced with the same equipment,
e) After the pneumatic laying device (air array device 14), there is a second carding device 10.2, which is used to fabricate a fleece fiber material made of a polymer such as PE or PET as a third layer or Can be laid on fleece 11,
f) Thereafter, the needling device 2 is used to supply one or more of inert gas, air, and water vapor to the nonwoven fabric or the fleece 11, or the needling device 16 is used to supply a liquid such as water. Can supply media or both,
g) After the spraying device 2, there is a dryer 12, followed by one or more rear humidifiers 20 for setting the final product to the desired humidity,
h) The nozzle opening 2.2 is arranged on the housing wall surface 2.1 of the spraying device or the spraying pipe 2, and when adjusting the fleece to a touchable and fluffy state, the housing wall surface 2 The distance A between the exit end of the nozzle opening 2.2 of the nozzle 1 and the place where the vapor jet hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece 11 is 0.5 mm to 50 mm or 10 mm to 50 mm, in particular 8 mm to 20 mm. Is preferably selected so that the distance A is 0.5 mm to 3 mm,
i) Finally, the nonwoven fabric or fleece 11 can be sent or sent to the storage or collection site 13 or 15.

A fleece or a nonwoven fabric can be manufactured by the following process.
a) compressing the filaments released from the laying device 10 onto the transport belt 4 using a calendar device and / or a compression device 6;
b) Supplying the compressed fleece or non-woven fabric 11 to one or more needling devices 1, 1.1 and using one side of a gaseous medium such as an inert gas, air, hot steam, etc. above the saturation temperature Or process from both sides,
c) Depending on the moisture content, the fleece or non-woven fabric 11 is sent to the dryer 12 and then to another processing device and / or output station or winding device 13.

  Instead of only one rear humidifier 20, another rear humidifier 20 can be arranged in succession.

  The thickness of the entire fleece can be 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, or 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm when cured from one side within 1.2 mm. In curing from both sides, these values can be increased.

  7a to 7f schematically show different variations of the arrangement of the device part of the device for curing the fleece made of fibers and / or filaments using the same device as in FIG. 1 or 6. In such an arrangement, a water needling device 16 is further incorporated.

  The vertical arrows indicate that fibers and / or using a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor, etc. released onto the nonwoven fabric via a hollow spreading device 2 with a number of nozzle openings 2.2. It corresponds to the spreading pipe 2 or needling equipment for curing the fleece or nonwoven fabric made of polymer filaments. Reference numeral 3 corresponds to a curing drum or drum having a structure that can be opposed to one or more jet curing devices.

  The spreading pipe 2 can be thermally insulated, so that a jacket can be provided that completely surrounds the spreading pipe 2 up to the region of the nozzle opening 2.2, not shown in the drawing. The steam is sent from the evaporator and sent to the spray pipe 2 as superheated steam via the superheater 7.3.

  The steam is sent from the evaporator, and is sent to the spray pipe 2 as superheated steam via the superheater 7.3 as shown in FIG. 1b. The superheater 7.3 for determining the desired humidity is based on a setting parameter for determining the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric determined by the user, and at least by an actuator connected in conjunction with the temperature sensor and / or humidity sensor. It can be controlled, so that it can be set to an optimum humidity for the nonwoven or fleece. When the humidity is set to a predetermined value, the static electricity can be advantageously controlled thereby, in particular, it can be easily reduced.

  The superheater 7.3 can be configured as an electric or gas operated superheater. Furthermore, it is possible to change the temperature of the superheater that controls the moisture content of the nonwoven using a control or adjustment device.

  In FIG. 1 b, the superheater 7.3 is connected to the entry side of the spreading device 2 and heats or superheats a medium such as water vapor entering the spreading device 2 to a desired temperature, so that the gaseous medium Can be set at a desired humidity. For this purpose, the detected actual measured values are transferred to a computer and stored there, and compared with an adjustable or desired target value. The difference between the actual value and the target value serves as a control or adjustment parameter for setting the nonwoven fabric to a desired humidity.

  First, the base fleece can be composed of one or more of polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers and fiber blends, which are discharged onto the conveyor belt 4 by a fleece laying device or a first carding device 10. Is done.

  The carding device 10 is composed of a hopper feeder and a swinging shooter disposed under the hopper feeder. Yes. The subsequent endless belt 4 delivers the carded fleece placed thereon to the needling device 2 instead of the calendar device.

  When the synthetic fiber is not used or when needling is performed only with superheated steam instead of water, the calendar device 19 of FIG. 7e can be omitted.

  The calendar device 19 can also supply energy and heat to the fleece that has been finely punched and cured as required. In order to use a needling machine to more closely bond the pulp with the carded fleece, its curing action should be negligible.

  FIGS. 7a-7f and FIG. 8 illustrate a similar embodiment of a device 1 for curing a fleece comprising two and more layers of fibers and / or polymer filaments, The fiber mixture can be laid on the transport belt 4 as a nonwoven or fleece 11 using a first laying device or carding device 10 on which a hollow with a number of nozzle openings 2.2. A gaseous medium such as an inert gas, air, water vapor, in particular superheated water vapor, can be sprayed onto the surface of the fleece using the first vapor needling device or the spreading device 2 of the shape.

  In FIGS. 7a and 7b, an installation for continuously producing fleeces joined only with carded fleeces as support base layers is illustrated. After the toothed roller 17, there is a first needling device 2 for inert gas, air and water vapor, followed by a pneumatic laying device or air laying device 14 for pulp. Since the fleece already has a slight hardness, the first needling device 2 for inert gas, air and steam, in particular for hot steam, can be supplied without difficulty to the next transport device. It is cured using. Such pre-curing is to prevent delays in fleece at the delivery points of individual processes at high production speeds, so that the MD / CD ratio previously obtained by carding is not impaired. Is also particularly suitable.

  It is possible to process or treat a mixture of synthetic and natural fibers, including natural fibers (other than synthetic fibers) or biofibers, by means of steam needling. In addition, fleece can be pre-cured by needling with steam, thereby minimizing time loss in air and spun lace equipment.

  For high production speeds, pre-curing of the fleece can minimize the inevitable delays at the delivery points of the individual processes without compromising the MD / CD ratio previously obtained by carding. I am doing so.

  In the process according to FIGS. 7a and 7b, a second fleece layer is laid on the transport belt or endless belt 4 using a second carding device 10.2, and then these two fleece layers are A single water needling device 16 is used to jet and join together. Subsequently, the fleece is sent to the dryer 12 as shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 7b, instead of the water needling device 16, only the steam needling device 2 is used. It has the advantage in particular that it can be cured with the steam needling device 2 using only natural fibers or a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers. In that embodiment, only a steam type needling device is used, so that a very expensive dryer or screen drum device 12 can be omitted.

  In the dryer 12, a blower is placed near the front side of the screen drum as indicated by an arrow. A calendar device 19 can be connected after the dryer 12. Advantageously, calender equipment is used when processing synthetic fibers.

  Curing must be done strongly so that in the final product a satisfactory high wear resistance is achieved. In the example of FIG. 7a, only the roll of calendar equipment placed on the carded fleece needs to be heated.

  In FIG. 7c, an installation for continuously producing fleeces joined with carded fleeces as a support base layer is also illustrated. The second carding device 10.2 is arranged for laying a pulp layer thereon, so that a three-layer composite material is made. The carding material 10.2 or the fleece 11 is supplied to the water needling device 16 and the next dryer 12 connected to each other via the direction changing roll 4.1. By doing so, particularly thick layers can be bonded together without problems. Since the steam type needling device 2 is arranged after the toothed roller 17, natural fiber or a mixture of natural fiber and synthetic fiber and / or bio fiber is laid on the transport belt 4 at the laying point 10. You can also.

  FIG. 7d likewise illustrates an installation for continuously producing fleeces joined only with carded fleeces as support base layers. The carding material 10.2 is laid on the pulp layer, so that a three-layer composite material is also made, but it is placed in front of and behind the second carding device 10.2. After the steam type needling device 2 and the direction changing roll 4.1, only the first steam type needling device 2 is used for processing. By doing so, natural fibers or mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers can likewise be used in such composite materials.

  If the non-woven fabric is treated only with hot steam or superheated steam, the non-woven fabric comes out of the steam needling device 2 in a dry state, so that the burdensome dryer 12 can be omitted. The cured nonwoven fabric is stored or sent to the winding device 15.

  FIGS. 7e and 7f likewise illustrate an installation for continuously producing fleeces joined only with carded fleeces as support base layers, respectively. In FIGS. 7e and 7f, a steam needling device 2 is deployed immediately after the second carding device 10.2, respectively, and in FIG. 7e, the fleece is then placed in front of and behind the two phases. It is also supplied to the water needling device 16 and the next dryer 12 and, in some cases, to the calendar device 19 and finally sent to the storage location 15. The water needling device 16 of FIG. 7e is replaced by two steam type needling devices 2 in FIG. 7f, and the dryer 12 is omitted.

Each of the devices of FIGS. 1 to 8 has the following characteristics.
a) The fiber mixture can be laid on the conveyor belt 4 using laying equipment, in particular the first carding equipment 10;
b) After the laying device or the first carding device 10, there is a spraying device 2 for blowing a gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor, etc. onto the nonwoven fabric or fleece,
c) After that, there is a pneumatic laying device or air laying device 14, which is used to lay pulp or a fiber mixture of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers on the transport belt 4 as a second layer. Can
d) In the example of FIGS. 7c-7f, a second carding device 10.2 is respectively provided, so that on request, a three-layer fleece can be produced with the same equipment,
e) After the pneumatic laying device (air array device 14), there is a second carding device 10.2, which is used to fabricate a fleece fiber material made of a polymer such as PE or PET as a third layer or Can be laid on fleece 11,
f) Thereafter, the needling device 2 is used to supply one or more of inert gas, air, and water vapor to the nonwoven fabric or the fleece 11, or the needling device 16 is used to supply a liquid such as water. Can supply media or both,
g) Next, the nonwoven fabric or fleece 11 is sent to a storage or collection site 13 or 15 or, if the fleece is needling with water, it is stored via the dryer 12 through the storage or collection site 15 or winding. Sent to the take-up device 13,
h) The nozzle opening 2.2 is arranged on the casing wall surface 2.1 of the spraying device or the spraying pipe 2, and the outlet end of the nozzle opening 2.2 of the casing wall surface 2.1 and the steam jet spray. The space A between the nonwoven fabric or the fleece 11 and the place where it hits is set to 0.5 mm to 50 mm or 10 mm to 50 mm. In the case of curing exclusively, it is advantageous to select narrowly so that the interval A is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

  In the apparatus described above, a method for manufacturing a composite fleece that stores and stores liquid can be implemented. Such composite fleeces are composed of carded fleeces that are processed and cured. A pulp layer made of wood pulp fibers is laid on the carded and hardened fleece to make a tight contact with the carded fleece. The carded fleece is precured in a dry state before coating the superabsorbent material, and then a layer of pulp fibers is laid on the carded and precured fleece And all of them are joined together.

  This precuring can be carried out using compressed air, advantageously superheated hot steam. Furthermore, pre-curing can be performed by a calendar process. However, such a calendering process is not suitable for all fiber materials, so steam needling is particularly advantageous.

  The pulp fiber layer can be bonded to the carded fleece by jet needling and then the composite fleece can be dried. However, it is advantageous to use advantageous hot steam so that as much fiber mixture or superabsorbent as possible is not adversely affected by the hot steam.

  In FIGS. 1a to 3c and FIG. 5, the part of the device for the treatment of the nonwoven and / or the transfer to the next treatment or storage station, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the spreading device 2, is composed partly or completely of plastic. ing. As an apparatus part of such a spreading device 2 and / or spreading pipe 2.4, in particular directly or indirectly to the direction change roller or direction roll 4.1 of the individual conveyor belt 4, the compression device and the hot steam. There is a part to be exposed. By doing so, it is ensured that the component, the device part or the whole device is not heated too strongly during the operation of the device, so that as much heat energy as possible to be supplied to the nonwoven is not taken away from the steam. There should be. Thereby, the overall efficiency of the facility can be greatly improved and the nonwoven fabric can be effectively processed or processed. For this purpose, the distance A between the outlet end of the nozzle opening 2.2 of the housing wall surface 2.1 and the place where the gaseous medium such as inert gas, air, water vapor or the like hits the nonwoven fabric or fleece is 0.5 mm. It is very important to set it to -8 mm, 1 mm-5 mm, or 1 mm-3 mm. When the distance is about 1 mm, optimum needling of the fleece is realized. At that interval, the steam jet has an optimum effect, and the heat loss is reduced because the plastic part or plastic-covered part exposed to the action of the steam jet or its thermal energy accumulates less heat. As the plastic, PE, PET, or a plastic composite material can be used.

  The plastic coating should be correspondingly thick with respect to the thickness of the material. Advantageously, the coating thickness is about 20-50% of the thickness of the metal plate portion.

  It is also advantageous to make most of the conveyor belt 4, 6.1 and / or the redirecting roll 4.1 from plastic, thereby reducing the total weight of the components of the device and producing it at low cost. Is possible.

1 Fleece curing device composed of fibers and / or filaments 1.1 Another curing device for fleeces composed of fibers and / or filaments 2 Dispersing equipment for one or more of inert gas, air and water vapor, first And second needling device, spreading pipe 2.1 Wall surface of the spreading device 2.2 Nozzle opening, nozzle hole 2.3 Nozzle hole length L
2.4 Third spray pipe 2.5 Control valve, steam relief valve, regulating valve 2.6 First spray pipe 2.7 Connection pipe 2.9 Second spray pipe 2.10 Inserted object, conical part 2.11 Lifting equipment 3 Curing drum, drum with structure 3.1 Suction equipment 3.2 Steam outlet 4 Needling belt, belt with structure, transport belt 4.1 Direction change roll or direction change roller 5 Holding body 6 Compression device 6.1 Conveyor belt of compression device 7 Inflow side 7.1 Arrow, first inflow side 7.2 Arrow, second inflow side 7.3 Superheater 8 Outflow side 9 Flange fitting 10 Laying Location, carding, spunbond nonwoven fabric, filament 10.2 Laying location, second carding, spunbond nonwoven fabric, filament 11 fleece, nonwoven fabric 12 dryer, screen Drum equipment 13 Accumulation place, winding equipment, output station 14 Pneumatic laying equipment, air raid equipment 15 Storage place, accumulation place, winding equipment 16 Needling equipment for liquid media such as water 17 Toothed roller, Raised roller 19 Calendar equipment 20 Rear humidifier A Interval

Claims (25)

A fleece or non-woven fabric processing device comprising fibers and / or filaments, which device comprises a hollow-shaped spraying device (2) with a number of nozzle openings (2.2). In an apparatus that can be used to spray a gaseous medium on a fleece or nonwoven,
The nozzle opening (2.2) is arranged on the housing wall (2.1) of the spreading device (2) facing the fleece or the nonwoven;
The spreading device (2) is configured as a spreading pipe (2.4);
The spreading pipe (2.4) is housed in the holding body (5) in an adjustable form;
A device characterized by.   The distance between the nozzle opening (2.2) of the housing wall (2.1) and the surface of the fleece or non-woven fabric to be treated is within 10 mm, or 8 mm or 5 mm. The device described. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length (2.3) of the nozzle opening coincides with the thickness of the housing wall (2.1). Billing the spraying equipment is responsible for blowing air steam, in the region or outflow side area of the end of the spraying device (2), characterized in that the steam outlet (3.2) is provided Item 2. The apparatus according to Item 1.   5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the steam outlet (3.2) is connected to a control valve or a steam relief valve (2.5) which can be controlled according to one or more parameters.   The supply of the gaseous medium is connected to the spreading pipe (2.4) via at least a plurality of connecting pipes (2.7), and precedes the first spreading pipe ( The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is performed via 2.6).   2. The spreading pipe (2.4) is configured as a single wall pipe, and the nozzle opening (2.2) is opened in its housing wall (2.1). Equipment. The stroke (G _L = A + L) of the steam jet from the inner space of the spray pipe (2.4) to the surface of the fleece or nonwoven fabric is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the nozzle opening (2 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the length is a value obtained by adding a length (L) of .2).   The cross section of the lower region of the spreading pipe (2.4) provided with the nozzle opening (2.2) is flat, conically recessed or concave. Item 9. The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 8.   A device with a spreading pipe (2.4) is arranged between two turning rolls (4.1) of a belt (4) having a structure on which a fleece or a nonwoven fabric is placed. Item 10. The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 9. At least spraying pipe (2.4), along with being constructed from corrosion-resistant steel iron, in any one of claims 1, characterized in that it is housed in two or more holding body until 10 The device described.   12. The nozzle opening according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle openings (2.2) are arranged in the spray pipe (2.4) in an array of one, two or more rows. The device described in 1.   13. Pipe fitting or flange fitting is provided on the inflow side (7) and / or the outflow side (8) of the spreading pipe (2.4). Device. The gaseous medium, or distribution of the steam is sprayed pipe (2.4) second is connected to the spraying pipe (2.9) and the connecting pipe (2.7) the first of which led through 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it takes place via a spray pipe (2.6).   An additional narrowing part for changing or narrowing the cross section of the first spreading pipe (2.6) towards the two inflow sides (7.1, 7.2) is the first spreading pipe. 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is arranged in a pipe (2.6).   The supply of the steam is performed using a superheater (7.3), and the superheater (7.3) for controlling the moisture content of the fleece or the nonwoven fabric is controllable at least by an actuator. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15.   17. A device according to claim 16, characterized in that the temperature of the superheater (7.3) controlling the moisture content of the nonwoven fabric can be changed using a control device and / or a regulating device.   The temperature of the superheater (7.3) and the humidity of the fleece or the non-woven fabric are detected using at least one measuring sensor, and the measuring sensor is connected to the control device and / or the adjusting device. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that   The actual value is transferred to the computer and stored there, and compared with a settable or desired target value, the difference between the actual value and the target value is used to adjust the humidity of the fleece or nonwoven fabric Device according to claim 16, 17 or 18, characterized in that it serves as a control parameter or an adjustment parameter.   At least one part for processing and / or transferring the fleece or non-woven fabric facing the spraying device (2) and / or the spraying pipe (2.4) is partly or completely made of plastic Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that   21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one turning roll or turning roller of the conveying belt (4) is partly or completely made of plastic or coated with plastic.   21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the conveying belt or needling belt (4) facing the spreading device (2) is at least partly made of plastic or coated with plastic. a) laying equipment (carding equipment 10) capable of laying fibers or filaments on the conveyor belt (4) (generation of fleece or non-woven fabric);
b) At least one first spreading device (2) for spraying (precuring) a gaseous medium which is an inert gas, air or water vapor onto the fleece or non-woven fabric following the laying device (carding device 10) When,
c) capable of laying pulp to the second layer as conveyor belts (4) on certain fleece or on a nonwoven, a laying device configured as pneumatic laying equipment (air-lay equipment 14),
d) A second material that can be laid on a fleece or non-woven fabric as a third layer of a polymer that is PE or PET, or a fleece fiber material composed of a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers and / or biofibers. Laying equipment (carding equipment 10.2),
e) a needling device (16) that blows water onto the fleece or nonwoven, or a spraying device (2) that blows a gaseous medium (one or more of inert gas, air and water vapor) onto the fleece or nonwoven;
The devices according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the devices are installed in the order described above. a) laying equipment (carding equipment 10) capable of laying fibers or filaments on the conveyor belt (4) (generation of fleece or non-woven fabric);
b) following the laying device (carding device 10), at least one first spraying device (2) for spraying a gaseous medium which is an inert gas, air or water vapor onto a fleece or nonwoven;
c) a storage or collection site (15) capable of supplying the fleece (11) or non-woven fabric via a dryer;
The devices according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the devices are installed in the order described above.   A sprayer (2) is placed after the spraying device (2) that blows a gaseous medium (one or more of inert gas, air and water vapor) onto the fleece or nonwoven, followed by one or more rear humidifiers Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a device (20) is arranged.

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