JP5581900B2 - Hot metal production method using vertical scrap melting furnace - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用い、鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源をコークスの燃焼熱により溶解して溶銑を製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing hot metal by using a vertical scrap melting furnace and melting an iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap by the combustion heat of coke.
従来、竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いて鉄系スクラップ（以下、単に「スクラップ」という場合がある）を溶解するプロセスが知られており（例えば、特許文献１）、このプロセスでは、竪型スクラップ溶解炉の炉頂部から鉄系スクラップとコークスを装入し、炉下部に設けられた複数の羽口（送風羽口）から熱風を吹き込み、コークスの燃焼熱で鉄系スクラップを溶解することにより溶銑が得られる。
最近ではスクラップ市場の国際化が進行し、スクラップ価格の時間変動が大きくなっており、安価なスクラップを効率的に使用することが望まれている。従来は、鋳物を製造する際に発生する自所スクラップ屑、いわゆる故銑も多く使用されていたが、市場のスクラップ価格の変動が大きいため、コストの観点から市場スクラップを大量に使用した方がコストダウンに繋がるような状況も生じてきた。
Conventionally, a process for melting iron-based scrap (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “scrap”) using a vertical scrap melting furnace is known (for example, Patent Document 1). In this process, vertical scrap melting is performed. Iron scrap and coke are charged from the top of the furnace, hot air is blown from a plurality of tuyere (fan tuyere) provided in the lower part of the furnace, and the iron scrap is melted by the combustion heat of the coke. can get.
Recently, the internationalization of the scrap market has progressed, and the time fluctuation of the scrap price has increased, and it is desired to use inexpensive scrap efficiently. In the past, many scrap scraps that were generated when castings were produced, so-called scourges, were used, but because the price of scrap in the market was large, it was better to use a large amount of market scrap from a cost standpoint. There have also been situations that could lead to cost reductions.
スクラップのなかでも、（社）日本鉄源協会・鉄スクラップ検収統一規格のヘビー屑（特にＨ２屑）は市場で入手が容易なスクラップの一つであるが、従来の竪型スクラップ溶解炉の操業では、このヘビー屑を主体とするスクラップ溶解は殆ど行われていない。
上述したようなプロセスで溶銑を製造する場合、市場に出回っているヘビー屑を加工せずにそのままの状態で竪型スクラップ溶解炉に装入することが望ましい。事前に切断、破砕等の処理を施すと加工費が高く、折角安価なスクラップを使用してもコスト増加が問題となる。しかし、本発明者らが検討した結果、ヘビー屑を加工せずにそのままの状態で使用した場合、操業中にコークス原単位やダスト発生量が大きく変動し、操業の安定性が損なわれる場合があることが判った。
Among the scraps, heavy scraps (particularly H2 scraps) of the Japan Iron Source Association and Iron Scrap Inspection Standard are one of the scraps that are easily available in the market. Then, scrap melting mainly using this heavy scrap is not performed.
When hot metal is manufactured by the process as described above, it is desirable to load the heavy scraps on the market as they are without processing them into the vertical scrap melting furnace. If processing such as cutting and crushing is performed in advance, the processing cost is high, and even if scrap that is inexpensive is used, an increase in cost becomes a problem. However, as a result of the study by the present inventors, when the heavy waste is used as it is without being processed, the basic unit of coke and dust generation amount greatly fluctuate during operation, and the stability of the operation may be impaired. It turns out that there is.
したがって本発明の目的は、以上のような従来技術の課題を解決し、竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いて鉄系スクラップを溶解し溶銑を製造する方法において、鉄源にヘビー屑を含むスクラップを使用して効率的且つ安定した操業を行うことができる溶銑製造方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and use scrap containing heavy scrap as an iron source in a method of melting iron-based scrap using a vertical scrap melting furnace to produce hot metal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a hot metal manufacturing method capable of performing an efficient and stable operation.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく検討を重ねた結果、鉄源にヘビー屑を含むスクラップを使用して効率的且つ安定した操業を行うには、炉に装入する各種鉄源の配合割合を調整し、見かけ嵩密度を適正化することが重要であることが判った。
すなわち、鉄系スクラップは種類により厚みや大きさ等が異なり、どのような種類のスクラップがどのような割合で配合されるかにより、炉に装入される鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が異なってくるが、この鉄源の見かけ嵩密度により、竪型スクラップ溶解炉内での高温ガスによる鉄源への伝熱効率が大きく変化することが判った。具体的には、鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が小さい場合には、ガスの顕熱が効率良く鉄源に伝わらないため、炉頂でのガスの温度が高くなることが判った。これは、鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が小さい場合には、空間中に占める鉄源の割合が小さくなるため、ガスが持っている顕熱が固体の鉄源に十分に伝熱される前に、ガスが上昇して高温のまま炉頂まで到達するためであると考えられる。炉頂ガス温度が高いと、ガス顕熱のロスが生じることになり、コークス原単位が増加するだけでなく、ガス流速が高くなることによる生成ダスト量の増加や、次工程での排ガス処理設備の配管、フィルター等に甚大な負荷をかけ、操業不能になる場合もある。
一方、鉄源の見かけ密度が大きい場合には、ガス−鉄源間の有効反応面積が大きいため、ガス顕熱が十分に鉄源に伝わり、炉頂でのガス温度も低くなることが判った。
As a result of repeated studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have made use of various iron sources charged in a furnace in order to perform an efficient and stable operation using scraps containing heavy scrap as an iron source. It was found that it is important to adjust the blending ratio and optimize the apparent bulk density.
In other words, the thickness and size of iron-based scraps vary depending on the type, and the apparent bulk density of the iron source charged in the furnace varies depending on what kind of scrap is blended in what proportion. However, it was found that the heat transfer efficiency to the iron source by the high-temperature gas in the vertical scrap melting furnace greatly changes depending on the apparent bulk density of the iron source. Specifically, it was found that when the apparent bulk density of the iron source is small, the sensible heat of the gas is not efficiently transmitted to the iron source, so that the temperature of the gas at the top of the furnace becomes high. This is because, when the apparent bulk density of the iron source is small, the proportion of the iron source in the space is small, so the sensible heat of the gas is sufficiently transferred to the solid iron source. It is thought that this is because the temperature rises and reaches the furnace top at a high temperature. If the furnace top gas temperature is high, gas sensible heat loss will occur, which not only increases the coke unit, but also increases the amount of dust produced due to the high gas flow rate and the exhaust gas treatment equipment in the next process. In some cases, the pipes, filters, etc. are overloaded and become inoperable.
On the other hand, it was found that when the apparent density of the iron source is large, the effective reaction area between the gas and iron source is large, so that the gas sensible heat is sufficiently transmitted to the iron source and the gas temperature at the top of the furnace is also lowered. .
本発明は、このような知見に基づきなされたものであり、以下を要旨とするものである。
［1］竪型スクラップ溶解炉において、鉄系スクラップを含む鉄源とコークスを炉内に装入し、炉下部に設けられた複数の羽口から熱風を吹き込んで溶銑を製造する方法であって、
（社）日本鉄源協会・鉄スクラップ検収統一規格で規格化された鉄系スクラップのうちのヘビー屑を５０mass％以上含み、且つ下記（1）式を満足する鉄源を炉に装入することを特徴とする竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いた溶銑の製造方法。
１．０≦Ａ …（1）
但し Ａ：鉄源の見かけ嵩密度（ｔ／ｍ３）
［2］上記［1］の製造方法において、（社）日本鉄源協会・鉄スクラップ検収統一規格で規格化された鉄系スクラップのうちのヘビー屑を６０mass％以上含む鉄源を炉に装入することを特徴とする竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いた溶銑の製造方法。
This invention is made | formed based on such knowledge, and makes the following a summary.
[1] In a vertical scrap melting furnace, an iron source containing iron scrap and coke are charged into the furnace, and hot air is blown from a plurality of tuyere provided in the lower part of the furnace to produce hot metal. ,
The iron source that contains 50 mass% or more of heavy scrap of iron-based scrap standardized by the Japan Iron Source Association / Scrap Scrap Inspection Standard, and satisfies the following formula (1) is charged into the furnace. A method for producing hot metal using a vertical scrap melting furnace.
1.0 ≦ A (1)
However, A: Apparent bulk density of iron source (t / m 3 )
[2] In the manufacturing method of [1] above, the iron source containing 60 mass% or more of heavy scrap of iron scrap standardized by the Japan Iron Source Association and Iron Scrap Inspection Standard is charged into the furnace. molten iron manufacturing method using the vertical scrap melting furnace, characterized in that the.
本発明によれば、竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いて鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源を溶解して溶銑を製造する方法において、鉄源にヘビー屑を含むスクラップを使用し、コークス原単位の増加やダスト発生量の増加などの問題を生じることなく、効率的且つ安定した操業を行うことができる。 According to the present invention, in a method for producing hot metal by melting an iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap using a vertical scrap melting furnace, scrap containing heavy scrap is used as an iron source, Efficient and stable operation can be performed without causing problems such as an increase or an increase in dust generation.
以下の説明において、ヘビー屑（Ｈ１〜Ｈ４，ＨＳ）、シュレッダー、プレス、故銑という場合は、（社）日本鉄源協会・鉄スクラップ検収統一規格で規格化されたものを指す。
本発明は、竪型スクラップ溶解炉において、鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源とコークスを炉内に装入し、炉下部に設けられた複数の羽口から熱風を吹き込み、コークスの燃焼熱で鉄源を溶解することにより溶銑を製造する方法である。
図１は、竪型スクラップ溶解炉の一例を模式的に示すもので、１炉体、２は炉頂に設けられる原料装入用のホッパー、３は炉下部の周方向において適当な間隔で設けられる複数の羽口（送風羽口）、４はこの羽口３に熱風を供給する熱風管、５は炉体上部の排ガス出口に接続された排気ダクト、６はこの排気ダクト５の途中に設けられる集塵装置である。この溶解炉の大きさ等に本質的な制限はないが、実質的に操業可能若しくは操業上有利なサイズとして、通常は、羽口位置での炉内径が２〜４ｍ程度、炉高が６〜１０ｍ程度である。また、羽口数にも制限はなく、炉径に応じた本数にすればよいが、通常は４〜１２本程度である。
In the following description, heavy scraps (H1 to H4, HS), shredders, presses, and obscenities refer to those standardized by the Japan Iron Source Association and Iron Scrap Inspection Standard.
In the vertical scrap melting furnace, an iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap and coke are charged into the furnace, hot air is blown from a plurality of tuyere provided in the lower part of the furnace, and the combustion heat of the coke is used. This is a method for producing hot metal by dissolving an iron source.
FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a vertical scrap melting furnace. 1 furnace body, 2 a raw material charging hopper provided at the top of the furnace, 3 provided at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction of the furnace lower part A plurality of tuyere (fan tuyere), 4 is a hot air pipe for supplying hot air to the
このような竪型スクラップ溶解炉では、鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源、コークスなどの原料は、炉頂の原料装入用のホッパー２から炉内に装入される。複数の羽口３からは熱風が吹き込まれ、コークスの燃焼ガスの熱で鉄源が溶解する。生成した溶銑は炉底部の出銑口（図示せず）から炉外に取り出される。また、ダストを随伴した排ガスは、炉体上部の排ガス出口から排気ダクト５に流れ、集塵装置６でダストが捕集される。
なお、羽口３から吹き込まれる熱風には、羽口３内に設けられる噴射ノズルなど通じて、酸素や酸素含有ガスを添加してもよい。
鉄系スクラップなどの鉄源とコークスは、炉内に同時に装入してもよいし、交互に装入してもよい。
鉄源としては、鉄系スクラップに加えて、例えば、銑鉄、還元鉄、鉄鉱石、ダスト塊など装入してもよい。また、鉄源、コークス以外に、例えば、石灰石、他のダストやスラッジ類の塊成物、木炭や無煙炭等の炭材などを適宜装入してもよい。
In such a vertical scrap melting furnace, raw materials such as iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap and coke are charged into the furnace from the raw
Note that oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas may be added to the hot air blown from the
The iron source such as iron-based scrap and coke may be charged into the furnace simultaneously or alternately.
As an iron source, in addition to iron-based scrap, for example, pig iron, reduced iron, iron ore, and a dust lump may be charged. In addition to the iron source and coke, for example, limestone, agglomerates of other dusts and sludges, and charcoal materials such as charcoal and anthracite may be appropriately charged.
図１に示す竪型スクラップ溶解炉（炉床径２ｍ、羽口数６本、羽口からの有効高さ７ｍ）を用い、ヘビー屑を含む鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源を溶解して溶銑を製造する、以下のような試験を行った。
この試験では、鉄系スクラップとして、ヘビー屑のＨ２、シュレッダー、プレスおよび故銑を用い、スクラップ以外の鉄源としてダスト塊を用いた。ダスト塊は、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、Ｃを主成分とするダストを塊成化したものであり、製鉄所内で発生した高炉系ダストと転炉系ダストを５０mass％ずつ配合し、これを１００ｍｍφ×１００ｍの円柱形状に成型して塊成化したものを使用した。
各試験例は、いずれも炉に装入する鉄源がＨ２（ヘビー屑）を５０mass％以上含むようにし、且つ上記の各種鉄源の配合割合を変えることで、炉に装入する鉄源の見かけ嵩密度を変化させて操業を行った。試験条件を表１に示す。なお、事前に鉄源毎の嵩密度を測定して、その総和平均を見かけ嵩密度と定義した。つまり、見かけ嵩密度（ｔ/ｍ３）＝Σρx・Yx/100（但し、ρx：鉄源Xの嵩密度（ｔ/ｍ３）、Yx ：鉄源Xの質量比率（％））であり、本発明ではこの値を見かけ嵩密度と定義した。各鉄源の嵩密度は、Ｈ２：０．６ｔ／ｍ３、シュレッダー：１．３ｔ／ｍ３、プレス：０．９ｔ／ｍ３、故銑：３ｔ／ｍ３、ダスト塊：１．５ｔ／ｍ３であった。
Using the vertical scrap melting furnace shown in Fig. 1 (hearth diameter 2m, number of tuyere, effective height from tuyere 7m), melting iron source mainly composed of iron scrap including heavy scrap The following tests were carried out.
In this test, heavy scrap H2, shredder, press, and slaughter were used as iron-based scrap, and a dust lump was used as an iron source other than scrap. The dust lump is formed by agglomerating dust mainly composed of Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and C. Blast furnace dust and converter dust generated in the ironworks Were blended by 50 mass% each, and this was molded into a columnar shape of 100 mmφ × 100 m and agglomerated.
Each test examples are all iron source is H2, charged to furnace (heavy scraps) to include more than 50 mass%, and by changing the mixing ratio of the various iron source, iron source charged into the furnace The operation was carried out by changing the apparent bulk density. Table 1 shows the test conditions. In addition, the bulk density for each iron source was measured in advance, and the summed average was defined as the apparent bulk density. That is, apparent bulk density (t / m 3 ) = Σρx · Yx / 100 (where ρx: bulk density of iron source X (t / m 3 ), Yx: mass ratio (%) of iron source X), In the present invention, this value is defined as apparent bulk density. The bulk density of each iron source is as follows: H2: 0.6 t / m 3 , shredder: 1.3 t / m 3 , press: 0.9 t / m 3 , late: 3 t / m 3 , dust lump: 1.5 t / m It was m 3.
コークスとしては鋳物コークスを用い、溶銑の出銑温度が１５１０〜１５３０℃となるように、送風量：１２０００〜１４０００Ｎｍ３／ｈ、コークス原単位：１１０〜１９０ｋｇ／ｔの範囲で送風量とコークス原単位を調整した。また、送風温度は６００℃とし、炉頂ガス温度は２００〜７００℃となった。
炉に装入した鉄源（Ｈ２屑を５０mass％以上含む鉄源）の見かけ嵩密度とコークス原単位との関係を図２に示す。これによれば、鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が１．０未満ではコークス原単位が高いが、１．０以上であればコークス原単位も低く、効率的な操業を行うことができることが判る。なお、見かけ嵩密度が１．０未満の試験例では、炉頂ガス温度も高くなり、設備の許容する範囲で操業を実施した。この試験では、ヘビー屑のなかでも特に入手が容易なＨ２を使用したが、Ｈ２以外のヘビー屑（ＨＳ，Ｈ１，Ｈ３，Ｈ４）を用いた場合でも、同様の結果が得られた。
As the coke, cast coke is used. The amount of blast is 12000-14000 Nm 3 / h and the coke unit is 110-190 kg / t so that the hot metal discharge temperature is 1510-1530 ° C. The unit was adjusted. Moreover, the ventilation temperature was 600 degreeC and the furnace top gas temperature became 200-700 degreeC.
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the apparent bulk density of the iron source charged in the furnace (the iron source containing 50 mass% or more of H2 scrap) and the coke unit. According to this, when the apparent bulk density of the iron source is less than 1.0, the coke basic unit is high, but when the iron source is 1.0 or more, the coke basic unit is low and it can be understood that efficient operation can be performed. In the test example with an apparent bulk density of less than 1.0, the furnace top gas temperature also increased, and the operation was performed within the range allowed by the equipment. In this test, H2, which is particularly easy to obtain among heavy scraps, was used, but similar results were obtained even when heavy scraps other than H2 (HS, H1, H3, H4) were used.
図２の結果は、次のような理由によるものと考えられる。すなわち、同じくヘビー屑を主体とする鉄源を用いた場合であっても、鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が１．０未満では、空間中に占める鉄源の割合が少なく、ガス−鉄源間の有効反応面積が小さいため、炉内を上昇するガスの顕熱が鉄源に十分に着熱する前に、ガスが炉頂に到達してしまう。この結果、ガス顕熱の大きなロスが生じることになり、コークス原単位が増加する。これに対して、鉄源の見かけ嵩密度が１．０以上の場合には、ガス−鉄源間の有効反応面積が大きいため、ガス顕熱が十分に鉄源に伝わり、ガス顕熱のロスが少なくなるため、コークス原単位が低くなる。
このように、ヘビー屑を使用する場合、特にヘビー屑主体の鉄源を用いる場合には、炉に装入する鉄源の見かけ嵩密度を１．０以上に制御することが重要であることが判った。
The result of FIG. 2 is considered to be due to the following reason. That is, even when an iron source mainly composed of heavy scrap is used, if the apparent bulk density of the iron source is less than 1.0, the ratio of the iron source in the space is small, and between the gas and the iron source Since the effective reaction area is small, the gas reaches the top of the furnace before the sensible heat of the gas rising in the furnace reaches the iron source sufficiently. As a result, a large loss of gas sensible heat occurs, and the coke basic unit increases. On the other hand, when the apparent bulk density of the iron source is 1.0 or more, since the effective reaction area between the gas and the iron source is large, the gas sensible heat is sufficiently transmitted to the iron source and the gas sensible heat is lost. Therefore, the basic unit of coke is low.
Thus, when using heavy scrap, especially when using an iron source mainly composed of heavy scrap, it is important to control the apparent bulk density of the iron source charged into the furnace to 1.0 or more. understood.
したがって、本発明の製造方法では、鉄系スクラップの少なくとも一部としてヘビー屑を使用する際に、下記（1）式を満足する鉄源（鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源）を炉に装入する。このような本発明の製造方法は、特に、鉄源としてヘビー屑を主体としたものを用いる場合に有用である。
１．０≦Ａ …（1）
但し Ａ：鉄源の見かけ嵩密度（ｔ／ｍ３）
Therefore, in the production method of the present invention, when heavy scrap is used as at least a part of iron-based scrap, an iron source that satisfies the following formula (1) (iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap) is installed in the furnace. Enter. Such a production method of the present invention is particularly useful when using mainly iron scrap as an iron source.
1.0 ≦ A (1)
However, A: Apparent bulk density of iron source (t / m 3 )
炉に装入する鉄系スクラップを主体とする鉄源が、上記（1）式を満足するように操業を行うには、当該操業で装入予定の各種鉄源の嵩密度を事前に測定しておき、この測定値に基づき、各種鉄源の配合割合を調整し、炉に装入する鉄源が上記（1）式を満足するようにする。
なお、実際の操業においては、上記（1）式を満足するようにスクラップなどが配合された鉄源を準備し、この鉄源を順次炉頂に搬送して炉内装入するものであり、鉄源をこのような形態で準備・炉内装入する関係上、一連の操業において、炉に装入される鉄源に一時的にヘビー屑が含まれないような場合もあり得るが、本発明の製造方法には、そのような操業形態も含まれる。
To operate an iron source mainly composed of iron-based scrap charged into the furnace so as to satisfy the above formula (1), the bulk density of various iron sources to be charged in the operation is measured in advance. Based on this measurement value, the mixing ratio of various iron sources is adjusted so that the iron source charged in the furnace satisfies the above formula (1).
In actual operation, an iron source containing scraps and the like is prepared so as to satisfy the above formula (1), and the iron source is sequentially transported to the top of the furnace to enter the furnace interior. In relation to preparing the source in such a form and placing it in the furnace interior, in a series of operations, the iron source charged in the furnace may be temporarily free of heavy waste. Such a mode of operation is also included in the manufacturing method.
１ 炉体
２ ホッパー
３ 羽口
４ 熱風管
５ 排気ダクト
６ 集塵装置
1
Claims (2)
（社）日本鉄源協会・鉄スクラップ検収統一規格で規格化された鉄系スクラップのうちのヘビー屑を５０mass％以上含み、且つ下記（1）式を満足する鉄源を炉に装入することを特徴とする竪型スクラップ溶解炉を用いた溶銑の製造方法。
１．０≦Ａ …（1）
但し Ａ：鉄源の見かけ嵩密度（ｔ／ｍ３） In a vertical scrap melting furnace, an iron source containing iron-based scrap and coke are charged into the furnace, and hot air is blown from a plurality of tuyere provided in the lower part of the furnace to produce hot metal,
The iron source that contains 50 mass% or more of heavy scrap of iron-based scrap standardized by the Japan Iron Source Association / Scrap Scrap Inspection Standard, and satisfies the following formula (1) is charged into the furnace. A method for producing hot metal using a vertical scrap melting furnace.
1.0 ≦ A (1)
However, A: Apparent bulk density of iron source (t / m 3 )
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