JP5562926B2 - 抗体含有安定化製剤 - Google Patents
抗体含有安定化製剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5562926B2 JP5562926B2 JP2011260248A JP2011260248A JP5562926B2 JP 5562926 B2 JP5562926 B2 JP 5562926B2 JP 2011260248 A JP2011260248 A JP 2011260248A JP 2011260248 A JP2011260248 A JP 2011260248A JP 5562926 B2 JP5562926 B2 JP 5562926B2
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- Prior art keywords
- antibody
- histidine
- sample
- glycine
- buffer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Description
例えば、免疫グロブリン、モノクローナル抗体、ヒト型化抗体等の抗体は不安定なタンパク質であり、精製工程において実施するウイルス除去のための濾過ストレス、濃縮ストレス、熱ストレスなどによって会合、凝集などの物理的、化学的変化を生じやすい。
さらに、種々の生理活性を有するタンパク質についても、これを医薬品として安定した供給量でかつ高品質に提供するためには、構造及び活性を保持しうる製造条件及び保存条件を確立することが必要とされている。特に、タンパク質溶液における不溶性凝集体の生成を抑制する方法の開発が望まれていた。
(1)グリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液中に抗体を含んでなる安定化製剤。
(2)抗体がキメラ抗体又はヒト型化抗体である前記(1)載の安定化製剤。
(3)抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体である前記(1)又は(2)記載の安定化製剤。
(4)抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体である前記(3)記載の安定化製剤。
(5)グリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液の濃度が5mM〜200mMである前記(1)記載の安定化製剤。
(6)等張化剤としてグリシン及び/又はスクロースを含むことを特徴とする、前記(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
(7)グリシン及び/又はスクロースの添加量が0.05〜1Mである前記(6)記載の安定化製剤。
(8)等張化剤としてNaClを含まない前記(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
(9)等張化剤としてグリシン及び/又はスクロースを含み、かつグリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液中に抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体を含んでなる安定化製剤。
(10)pHが5〜8である前記(1)〜(9)のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
(11)グリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液中に抗体含むことを特徴とする、抗体製剤の安定化方法。
(12)等張化剤としてグリシン及び/又はスクロースを含むことを特徴とする、前記(11)記載の安定化方法。
(13)等張化剤としてグリシン及び/又はスクロースを含み、かつグリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液中に抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体を含むことを特徴とする、抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体製剤の安定化方法。
(14)塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体、又はそれらの塩を用いてpH調整を行うことを特徴とする生理活性タンパク質を含有する安定化製剤の製造方法。
(15)塩基性アミノ酸がヒスチジン、アルギニン、リジンから選択される1または2以上である前記(14)記載の製造方法。
(16)塩基性アミノ酸がヒスチジンである前記(15)記載の製造方法。
(17)生理活性タンパク質が組換えタンパク質である前記(14)〜(16)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(18)生理活性タンパク質が抗体である前記(14)〜(17)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(19)抗体がキメラ化抗体又はヒト型化抗体である前記(18)記載の製造方法。
(20)抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体である前記(18)又は(19)記載の製造方法。
(21)抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体である前記(20)記載の製造方法。
(22)ヒスチジン緩衝液中に抗体を含み、かつpHが5〜7.5である安定化製剤。
(23)抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体である前記(21)記載の安定化製剤。
(24)抗インターロイキン−6レセプター抗体が抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体である前記(23)記載の安定化製剤。
(25)pHが5.5〜6.2である前記(24)記載の安定化製剤。
(26)ヒスチジン濃度が1〜50mMである前記(25)記載の安定化製剤。
(27)ヒスチジン濃度が3〜20mMである前記(26)記載の安定化製剤。
(28)ヒスチジン濃度が5〜10mMである前記(27)記載の安定化製剤。
(29)pHが6.2〜7.5である前記(24)記載の安定化製剤。
(30)ヒスチジン濃度が5〜200mMである前記(29)記載の安定化製剤。
(31)ヒスチジン濃度が10〜150mMである前記(30)記載の安定化製剤。
(32)ヒスチジン濃度が25〜100mMである前記(31)記載の安定化製剤。
(33)グリシン及び/又はスクロースをさらに含む前記(21)〜(32)のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
(34)グリシン及び/又はスクロースの添加量が0.05〜1Mである前記(33)記載の安定化製剤。
(35)塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体、又はその塩を用いてpH調整を行うことを特徴とする前記(21)〜(34)のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
さらに、抗体にはFab, (Fab')2などの抗体断片や、1価又は2価以上の一本鎖抗体(scFV)などの再構成したものも含む。
グリシン緩衝液又はヒスチジン緩衝液の濃度は5〜200mM、好ましくは5〜50mM、さらに好ましくは5〜20mMである。グリシン緩衝液及びヒスチジン緩衝液はこれを単独で用いてもあるいは組み合わせて用いてもよく、組み合わせて使用する場合には、合計濃度が上記の範囲のものであればよい。
本発明者らはさらに、凝集体の生成抑制に寄与するさまざまな因子を検討し、pH調整を従来法のNaOHで行うよりも塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体、又はその塩を用いて行う方が凝集体の生成が少なく安定化効果が大きいことを発見した。
本発明の生理活性タンパク質含有安定化製剤の製造方法は、上述した抗体含有製剤のみならず、その他の生理活性タンパク質含有製剤にも有用である。生理活性タンパク質は、例えば、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子(G−CSF)、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、エリスロポエチン(EPO)、トロンボポエチン等の造血因子、インターフェロン、IL-1やIL-6等のサイトカイン、モノクローナル抗体、組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(TPA)、ウロキナーゼ、血清アルブミン、血液凝固第VIII因子、レプチン、インシュリン、幹細胞成長因子(SCF)などを含むが、これらに限定されない。タンパク質の中でも、EPO、G−CSF、トロンボポエチン等の造血因子及びモノクロナール抗体が好ましく、さらに好ましくはEPO、G−CSF及びモノクローナル抗体である。
塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体、又はその塩としては、遊離の塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体ならびにそれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、塩酸塩などの塩を含む。本発明の方法及び製剤に使用する塩基性アミノ酸又は塩基性アミノ酸誘導体、又はその塩はD−、L−またはDL−体であってよく、より好ましいのはL−体である。塩基アミノ酸誘導体には、アミノ酸ニトロ化合物、アミノアルコール、ジペプチド等を含み、例えばヒスチジンの誘導体には、特開平11−315031号に記載の誘導体、すなわちヒスチジンメチルエステル、His−Gly、His−Ala、His−Leu,His−Lys,His−Phe、イミダゾール、ヒスタミン又はイミダゾール−4−酢酸等が挙げられる。
本発明の安定化製剤は、溶液製剤であっても、使用前に溶解再構成するために凍結乾燥したものであってもよい。凍結乾燥のための賦形剤としては例えばマンニトール、ブドウ糖などの糖アルコールや糖類を使用することが出来る。
本発明の安定化製剤は、後述の実施例に示すように、グリシン緩衝液及び/又はヒスチジン緩衝液中に製剤化することによって加熱による凝集体の生成を抑制することができ、またグリシン及び/又はスクロースを添加することによって凝集体減少効果がさらに確認された。
(1)材料
抗IL−6レセプターヒト型化抗体としてhPM−1抗体を使用した。hPM−1抗体は国際特許出願公開番号WO92/19759号公報の実施例10に記載されたヒトエロンゲーションファクターIαプロモーターを利用し、特開平8−99902号公報の参考例2に記載された方法に準じて作成したhPM−1ヒト型化抗体である。hPM−1抗体はプロテインAカラムで精製し、19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl、pH6.5に貯蔵しておいた。
(2)タンパク質濃度の測定
タンパク質溶液の濃度は、分光光度計(DU-600, Beckman-Coulter)を用いて測定した280nmの吸光度から、1mg/mlあたりの吸光係数(アミノ酸配列から算出)を用いて算出した。
(3)沈降速度
分析超遠心で測定した沈降速度はタンパク質凝集のわずかな変化を検出するのに優れた方法である。この方法によると約1重量%のレベルで凝集を検出することができる。
(4)ネイティブゲル電気泳動
タンパク質の凝集をSDS非存在下で行うネイティブゲル電気泳動によって調べた。この方法ではタンパク質の移動度は流体力学的(hydrodynamic)サイズと荷電状態の両方によって決まる。SDSが存在しないので、ネイティブゲルはタンパク質の非共有結合的凝集を検出することができる。hPM−1抗体は塩基性タンパク質であり、通常のトリス−グリシン緩衝液系やSDSゲル電気泳動で通常使用する極性は使用できないので、本発明者らはhPM−1抗体のネイティブゲル分析用のプロトコールを開発した。
実施例1:hPM−1抗体の熱安定性
19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl、pH6.5に溶解したhPM−1抗体の熱安定性を試験した。熱処理前、75℃で5〜60分熱処理したときのネイティブゲル電気泳動を行った結果を図1に示す。
実施例2:緩衝液の種類が凝集体生成に及ぼす効果
5種類の緩衝液(いずれも19mM)を用いて凝集に及ぼす効果を調べた。これらの緩衝液中にhPM−1抗体試料(濃度:約1mg/ml)を溶解して調製した試料のpHは以下の通りである。
1)リン酸ナトリウム(pH6.8)
2)ヒスチジン−HCl(pH7.1)
3)クエン酸ナトリウム(pH6.7)
4)tris−HCl(pH7.2)
5)グリシン(pH7.6)。
実施例3:緩衝液の種類が沈降分布に及ぼす効果
次に、これらの異なる緩衝液中での熱凝集の性質を調べるために、沈降試験を行った。図4は、19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl中の対照hPM−1抗体のdc/dt分析から得られた沈降分布関数、g(s*)を示す。沈降係数約6.2スベドベリ(S)の単一種であることがわかる。さらに、図5は、実施例2に記載した5種類の緩衝液中に溶解したhPM−1抗体含有製剤試料を、75℃、60分加熱し、これを分析したときの沈降プロフィールを示す。19mMグリシン、pH7.6を除いて、かなりの凝集体の形成とモノマー種の損失が観察された。モノマーの損失が最も多いのはクエン酸ナトリウムであり、次いでリン酸ナトリウム、tris−HCl、ヒスチジン−HCl、グリシンの順であった。リン酸、クエン酸及びtrisは凝集体の存在を示すブロードな分布が観察され、これは40S以上まで及び、ピークは約15−18Sである。ヒスチジンで観察される凝集体は約25S以上には観察されず、約10Sにピークがある。これらの結果は実施例2に記載した熱処理後の製剤でのネイティブゲルの結果と一致する。
実施例4:グリシン及びスクロースの効果
本実施例では、NaClに代えてグリシン又はスクロースを使用することによる凝集への効果を調べた。19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl、pH6.5中に溶解したhPM−1抗体試料を、0.2Mグリシン又は0.2Mスクロースを含む19mMリン酸ナトリウム、pH6.5に対して透析した。この試料を同時に75℃で20〜60分加熱した。ネイティブゲルを用いた結果を図6に示す。モノマーのバンドを比較すると、20分加熱後では19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl処方の方がモノマーが少なかった。この相違はインキュベート時間を40及び60分にするとさらに大きくなった。グリシンよりもスクロースの方が熱処理によって誘導されるhPM−1抗体の凝集を減少する効果が大きかった。従って、実施例2で示した結果と同様に、NaClは凝集体形成にマイナスの効果を示した。
実施例5:加熱前後のhPM−1抗体試料のネイティブゲル分析
19mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.2M NaCl、pH6.5に貯蔵しておいた上記hPM−1抗体試料の6試料検体(サンプル1〜6)をネイティブゲル分析に付した。試料約28μgをゲルにのせて実施した結果を図7の右側に示す。
サンプル2: 1.77mg/ml
サンプル3: 1.89mg/ml
サンプル4: 1.89mg/ml
サンプル5: 1.87mg/ml
サンプル6: 1.85mg/ml
これらの試料をネイティブゲルで分析した。結果は図7右側と同様であり、希釈、透析による凝集体形成の影響のないことが確認された。
実施例6:緩衝液の種類及びpHが凝集体生成に及ぼす効果
サンプル6を以下の5種類の緩衝液に希釈し、約2mg/ml濃度のhPM−1抗体溶液を調製した。
サンプル6−2:5mMリン酸/His、pH6.0[5mMリン酸ナトリウム(一塩基)を濃ヒスチジン(塩基)でpH6.0に調整、最終ヒスチジン濃度は1mM]
サンプル6−3:5mMリン酸/His、pH6.5[5mMリン酸ナトリウム(一塩基)を濃ヒスチジン(塩基)でpH6.5に調整、最終ヒスチジン濃度は6.6mM]
サンプル6−4:5mMリン酸/Na+20mM His/HCl、pH6.5[10mMリン酸、pH6.5を等量の40mM His/HCl、pH6.5と混合]
サンプル6−5:5mMリン酸/Na、pH6.0[5mMリン酸ナトリウム(一塩基)を濃NaOHでpH6.0に調整]
これらのサンプルを上記それぞれの緩衝液に透析した。透析後、タンパク質濃度を測定し、以下の結果を得た。
サンプル6−2: 1.75mg/ml
サンプル6−3: 1.82mg/ml
サンプル6−4: 1.84mg/ml
サンプル6−5: 1.68mg/ml
これらの試料を75℃、1時間の加熱処理の前後でネイティブゲルにかけて分析した。
サンプル6−5にグリシン(50−200mM)を添加したときの効果を同じく図13に示す。グリシン濃度添加によって凝集体生成に対する顕著な保護効果が観察された。
Claims (4)
- 5mM〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液中にhPM−1抗体である抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体を含んでなる、pHが5〜7.5である、加熱による非共有結合性の凝集体生成が抑制されることを特徴とする、安定化製剤。
- 等張化剤としてグリシン及び/又はスクロースを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の安定化製剤。
- 等張化剤としてNaClを含まない請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の安定化製剤。
- ヒスチジン又はその塩を用いてpHを5〜7.5に調整を行うことを特徴とする、5mM〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液中にhPM−1抗体である抗インターロイキン−6レセプターヒト型化抗体を含有する安定化製剤の製造方法。
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-
2001
- 2001-08-13 AU AU2001277781A patent/AU2001277781A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-13 PT PT1955698T patent/PT1314437E/pt unknown
- 2001-08-13 JP JP2002518999A patent/JP5485489B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-13 DK DK01955698.4T patent/DK1314437T3/da active
- 2001-08-13 EP EP01955698.4A patent/EP1314437B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-13 EP EP10194382.7A patent/EP2311492B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2001-08-13 ES ES10194382.7T patent/ES2644275T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-13 ES ES01955698.4T patent/ES2477996T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-13 WO PCT/JP2001/006978 patent/WO2002013860A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-08-13 US US10/380,102 patent/US8632778B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2011
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002013860A1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 |
| ES2477996T3 (es) | 2014-07-18 |
| US8632778B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
| EP1314437A4 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| EP1314437A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| EP2311492B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
| DK1314437T3 (da) | 2014-07-14 |
| AU2001277781A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
| EP1314437B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| JP5485489B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
| EP2311492A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
| US20030190316A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| ES2644275T3 (es) | 2017-11-28 |
| PT1314437E (pt) | 2014-08-29 |
| JP2012072173A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
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