JP5544111B2 - シリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法 - Google Patents
シリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 114
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 uranium peroxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020177 SiOF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
(NH4)2SiF6(g) + 2NH4F(g) + 2H2O(g) ……(1)
上記モル反応当量比率が1:1.5未満では、反応が進行し難く、廃棄物粉末に含まれる全てのシリカ成分を反応させることができない不具合を生じる。このうち、上記モル反応当量比率が1:1.5〜1:2.0の比率となるように廃棄物粉末とNH4F・HF粉末とを混合することが上記式(1)に示す反応の進み易さや揮発回収系に移行する過剰のフッ化アンモニウム発生量を抑える等の技術的な点から特に好ましい。なお、上記モル反応当量比率を1:2.0を越える比率としても本発明の効果は変わらないが、NH4HF・HF粉末が必要以上に使用され、処理コストを押し上げることになるため好ましくない。
ウラン濃度が約1質量%のシリカ澱物乾燥体を用意し、このシリカ澱物乾燥体にNH4F・HF粉末をシリカ澱物乾燥体粉末に含まれるシリカ成分とNH4F・HF粉末とのモル反応当量比率が1:1.0、1:1.5及び1:2.0の比率となるようにそれぞれ混合して、3種類の原料混合粉末を調製した。更に、調製した3種類の混合粉末をそれぞれ5等分した。
11 密封型容器
12 ガス供給管
13 ガス排出管
14 加熱手段
15 熱電対
16 混合粉末
17 回収手段
18 コールドトラップ
19 スクラバー
Claims (3)
- シリカ成分を主成分とし、少なくともウランが数百ppmから数%の割合で含まれる放射性固体廃棄物を分離、回収、及び、処理する方法であって、
前記放射性固体廃棄物の粉末に対してNH4F・HF粉末を、前記放射性固体廃棄物粉末に含まれるシリカ成分とNH4F・HF粉末とのモル反応当量比率が1:1.5以上の比率となるように混合する工程と、
密封型容器内に前記混合粉末を投入し、前記密封型容器内に不活性ガスをキャリアガスとして導入して前記容器内部を不活性ガス雰囲気としながら、前記混合粉末を270〜370℃の温度で30分〜2時間加熱することにより、前記混合粉末に含まれるシリカ成分とNH4F・HFとを反応させて前記シリカ成分を(NH4)2・SiF6として揮発化させる工程と、
前記密封型容器から排出される(NH4)2・SiF6を含むキャリアガスを冷却手段に通過させて前記ガスを50℃以下にまで冷却し、前記ガスに含まれる(NH4)2・SiF6の大部分を固形化し、続いて、前記冷却手段を通過させたガスをスクラバーに送り込み、前記ガスを前記スクラバーに備えられた吸収剤と接触させて前記ガスに残存する(NH4)2・SiF6を前記吸収剤に吸収させることにより、前記密封型容器から排出される(NH4)2・SiF6の全量を回収する工程と、
加熱工程後の前記密封型容器内に残留する不揮発性粉末を前記容器冷却後に固形分のまま回収し、前記回収した不揮発性粉末に鉱酸溶液を添加して溶解させ、イオン交換法、溶媒抽出法及び過酸化ウラン凝集沈澱法からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の方法を用いて、前記溶解液中に含まれるウランを精製処理する工程と
を含むことを特徴とするシリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法。 - 放射性固体廃棄物粉末とNH4F・HF粉末との混合が、攪拌翼を有する混合装置を用いて行われ、前記攪拌翼による攪拌によって粗粉砕を伴いながら混合される請求項1記載の方法。
- スクラバーの吸収剤が苛性ソーダ或いは水である請求項1記載の方法。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009099775A JP5544111B2 (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2009-04-16 | シリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009099775A JP5544111B2 (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2009-04-16 | シリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2010249680A JP2010249680A (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
| JP5544111B2 true JP5544111B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
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| JP2009099775A Expired - Fee Related JP5544111B2 (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2009-04-16 | シリカ成分を主成分とする放射性固体廃棄物の分離、回収、及び、処理方法 |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP5544111B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101989910B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-06-18 | 한국원자력연구원 | 우라늄 폐촉매의 부피감용 처리방법 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0648314B2 (ja) * | 1987-02-13 | 1994-06-22 | 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 | 放射性廃液の処理方法 |
| US6241800B1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-06-05 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Acid fluxes for metal reclamation from contaminated solids |
| JP4069709B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-02 | 2008-04-02 | 株式会社Ihi | 廃棄物減容方法 |
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| JP2010249680A (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
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