JP5205051B2 - ニッケル金属水素化物電池の設計 - Google Patents
ニッケル金属水素化物電池の設計 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5205051B2 JP5205051B2 JP2007509476A JP2007509476A JP5205051B2 JP 5205051 B2 JP5205051 B2 JP 5205051B2 JP 2007509476 A JP2007509476 A JP 2007509476A JP 2007509476 A JP2007509476 A JP 2007509476A JP 5205051 B2 JP5205051 B2 JP 5205051B2
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Description
本発明は2004年4月23日に出願された米国仮出願第60/565,170号に関連し、その最初の出願日と優先権を主張するものであり、その開示を本明細書に引用する。
負極半電池における反応は可逆性である。放電すると、貯蔵水素が放出されて水分子を生成し、電導回路を通って電子を電池端子へ解放する。
Ni−MH電池用の正極活性材料としての水酸化ニッケルの使用は公知である。例えばオブシンスキー(Ovshinsky)ら、1996年6月4日発行、題名「アルカリ再充電可能電気化学電池用水酸化ニッケル増強正極材料」の米国特許第5,523,182号参照。その開示を本明細書に引用する。米国特許第5,523,182号では、オブシンスキーらは腐蝕生成物に対する抵抗性と電導率を増加するための水酸化ニッケル正極材料の粒子と、粒子上の実質的に連続で均一な封入剤層の前駆体被覆とを含有する正極材料を記載している。電極の加工中または充電中に酸化されると導電性の高い形に変換可能であり、次いで電極が放電するとその最初の形には戻らない材料から、被覆封入剤層が形成される。電気化学的に活性な水酸化物としては少なくとも水酸化ニッケルが含まれ、被覆封入剤層としては水酸化コバルトまたはオキシ水酸化コバルトが含まれる。
MH+1/4O2 → M+1/2H2O(負極)
しかしながら、電池を正極制御することのみによっては、過充電または過放電に由来する早期の故障を阻止しない。電池の早期故障を生じる他の機構がある。
水素ガスはNi−Al粉末と接触する金属水素化物負極材料中に吸着される。アルミニウムを溶解すると、金属水素化物材料に密着する表面積の大きいニッケル(ラネーニッケル)が後に残る。以下の表Iは、異なったレベルのNi−Al粉末を含む負極中で測定される予備電荷を示すが、予備荷電の割合は320mAh/gの負極容量に基づき計算され、電池は1.5の負極容量/正極容量(n/p)比を有する。室温で電極をKOH電解質中に浸した後20時間に測定を行った。
この反応は通常は触媒の存在下で進行し、金属水素化物合金がこの反応におけるよい触媒である。金属水素化物合金(M)がKBH4を含むアルカリ溶液中に存在すると、水素化硼素により放出された水素と反応し、結局の反応は以下の様に記される:
KBH4+2H2O+8M → 8MH+KBO2
ここでMHは金属水素化物である。化学的に生成される金属水素化物の量は水素化硼素水溶液の量と濃度、および反応時間に依存する。例えば、水素化硼素カリウムをAB5Mm負極と水素化ニッケル正極(AP50)を含むc−電池内に導入した。水素ガスが電池から出てくるのが見られ、負極の電位がHg/HgO参照電極に対して−0.885Vに増加し、この電極の荷電状態が増加していることを示している。予備電荷容量は全負極容量の12%であると測定された。
Claims (10)
- 負極活性材料を有する負極と、
前記負極と電気化学的に結合した正極と、
電解質と、を有し、
前記負極は予備電荷を有し、前記予備電荷の少なくとも一部は前記負極活性材料を化学的に還元することによって供給され、前記電解質は還元剤を有し、当該還元剤は、負極活性材料と反応して前記負極活性材料を化学的に還元するものであることを特徴とするニッケル金属水素化物電池。 - 前記正極が正極活性材料、前記負極において前記予備電荷を提供する少なくとも1つの正極添加剤および少なくとも1つの非酸化性バインダーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負極が、(1)酸化により長サイクル寿命を提供し、(2)導電性を有する、酸化性添加剤を有し、前記添加剤が電池サイクルにより前記電解質中に溶出しても無害である成分を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負極活性材料を水素ガスに晒すことによって、前記電解質と反応させて前記予備電荷を供給するNiAlが前記負極中に提供されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記還元剤が水素化硼素ナトリウムおよび水素化硼素カリウムからなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記還元剤が亜燐酸ナトリウムおよび亜燐酸からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記負活性材料がアルカリ溶液と反応する元素を有する合金を含み、前記化学的な還元反応が前記アルカリ溶液中で前記負活性材料をエッチングすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極バインダーがカルボキシメチルセルロースおよび酢酸ポリビニールを含む群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極活性材料が、水酸化コバルト、オキシ水酸化コバルトおよびその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれるコバルト材料で封入された水酸化ニッケル粒子を含み、前記コバルト材料が導電性網状組織を形成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
- 前記正極活性材料が前駆体被覆及び正極活性粒子を有し、前記前駆体被覆が前記正極の形成前に前記正極活性粒子を被覆封入することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のニッケル金属水素化物電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56517004P | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | |
| US60/565,170 | 2004-04-23 | ||
| PCT/US2005/009613 WO2005109549A2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-03-22 | Nickel metal hydride battery design |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007534133A JP2007534133A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
| JP5205051B2 true JP5205051B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007509476A Expired - Lifetime JP5205051B2 (ja) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-03-22 | ニッケル金属水素化物電池の設計 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7261970B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1741154A2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5205051B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100521309C (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2562708A1 (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX290707B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005109549A2 (ja) |
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| JP4305264B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-22 | 2009-07-29 | パナソニック株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用非焼結式正極およびアルカリ蓄電池 |
| JP2007095544A (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アルカリ二次電池用正極板およびアルカリ二次電池 |
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| JP4985568B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-07 | 2012-07-25 | ソニー株式会社 | アルカリ電池 |
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| JP5060667B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-10-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | ニッケル水素蓄電池およびその製造方法 |
| US9054366B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2015-06-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical energy storage device |
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| JP7158550B1 (ja) | 2021-10-11 | 2022-10-21 | 新日本電工株式会社 | 水素吸蔵合金粉末、これを用いたニッケル水素二次電池用負極及びニッケル水素二次電池 |
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| JP2001217000A (ja) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-08-10 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | ニッケル・水素二次電池 |
| FR2797526B1 (fr) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-10-12 | Cit Alcatel | Accumulateur etanche nickel-metal hydrurable |
| CN1205687C (zh) * | 2000-12-27 | 2005-06-08 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 锂二次电池 |
| WO2003003498A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Hydrogen storage battery; positive nickel electrode; positive electrode active material and methods for making |
-
2004
- 2004-07-08 US US10/887,434 patent/US7261970B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-03-22 EP EP05726067A patent/EP1741154A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-22 WO PCT/US2005/009613 patent/WO2005109549A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-03-22 CA CA002562708A patent/CA2562708A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-22 JP JP2007509476A patent/JP5205051B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-22 MX MXPA06012210 patent/MX290707B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-22 CN CNB2005800201673A patent/CN100521309C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX290707B (es) | 2011-10-04 |
| US7261970B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
| WO2005109549A3 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| CN100521309C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
| WO2005109549A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
| EP1741154A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| CN1985389A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
| US20050238959A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| MXPA06012210A (es) | 2007-01-17 |
| CA2562708A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
| JP2007534133A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
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