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JP4637001B2 - Protection element and battery pack provided with the protection element - Google Patents

Protection element and battery pack provided with the protection element Download PDF

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JP4637001B2
JP4637001B2 JP2005315495A JP2005315495A JP4637001B2 JP 4637001 B2 JP4637001 B2 JP 4637001B2 JP 2005315495 A JP2005315495 A JP 2005315495A JP 2005315495 A JP2005315495 A JP 2005315495A JP 4637001 B2 JP4637001 B2 JP 4637001B2
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point metal
melting point
low melting
resistance
battery
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JP2007123129A (en
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秀樹 赤松
考作 柳原
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明は、主としてパック電池に使用されて電池を保護する保護素子と、この保護素子を備えるパック電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a protection element that is mainly used for a battery pack and protects the battery, and a battery pack including the protection element.

パック電池は、電池が異常な状態で充放電されるのを防止するために、電池と直列に保護素子を接続している。この用途に使用される保護素子は開発されている(特許文献1参照)。この保護素子は、電池が異常な状態で充放電されるときに電流を遮断する。異常時に電池の電流を遮断するために、保護素子は過電流のジュール熱に加熱されて溶断する低融点金属のヒューズを内蔵する。さらに、電池が過充電される等の異常時に、ヒューズを短時間で溶断する加熱抵抗を備える。加熱抵抗は、通電される電流によるジュール熱で加熱される。加熱された加熱抵抗は、低融点金属のヒューズを加熱して溶断する。加熱抵抗が、低融点金属のヒューズに熱結合されているからである。   The pack battery has a protective element connected in series with the battery in order to prevent the battery from being charged and discharged in an abnormal state. A protective element used for this purpose has been developed (see Patent Document 1). This protective element cuts off the current when the battery is charged and discharged in an abnormal state. In order to cut off the battery current in the event of an abnormality, the protective element has a built-in low-melting-point metal fuse that is heated by overcurrent Joule heat and blows. Furthermore, a heating resistor is provided that blows the fuse in a short time in the event of an abnormality such as overcharging of the battery. The heating resistor is heated by Joule heat generated by an energized current. The heated heating resistor heats and melts the low melting point metal fuse. This is because the heating resistance is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal fuse.

保護素子は、図1の回路図でパック電池に内蔵される。この回路図に示すように、保護素子92のヒューズ95は、電池91と直列に接続される。したがって、ヒューズ95が熱で溶断されると、電池91の電流は遮断される。ヒューズ95は過電流が流れると、ジュール熱に加熱されて溶断される。溶断したヒューズ95は、電池91の電流を遮断する。また、図の回路図の保護素子92は、加熱抵抗94でヒューズ95を加熱して溶断する。加熱抵抗94は、FET等のスイッチング素子93に接続されて、スイッチング素子93で通電が制御される。スイッチング素子93は制御回路96でオンオフに制御される。制御回路96は、電池91の異常を検出して、スイッチング素子93をオンオフに切り換える。電池91が異常な状態、たとえば過充電される状態になると、制御回路96はスイッチング素子93をオンに切り換える。オン状態のスイッチング素子93は、加熱抵抗94に通電させる。通電する加熱抵抗94はジュール熱で加熱されて、低融点金属のヒューズ95を溶断する。
特開2000−340267号公報
The protection element is built in the battery pack in the circuit diagram of FIG. As shown in this circuit diagram, the fuse 95 of the protection element 92 is connected in series with the battery 91. Therefore, when the fuse 95 is blown by heat, the current of the battery 91 is cut off. When an overcurrent flows, the fuse 95 is heated by Joule heat and blown. The blown fuse 95 cuts off the current of the battery 91. Further, the protective element 92 in the circuit diagram shown in the figure is blown by heating the fuse 95 with the heating resistor 94. The heating resistor 94 is connected to a switching element 93 such as an FET, and energization is controlled by the switching element 93. The switching element 93 is controlled on and off by the control circuit 96. The control circuit 96 detects the abnormality of the battery 91 and switches the switching element 93 on and off. When battery 91 is in an abnormal state, for example, an overcharged state, control circuit 96 switches switching element 93 on. The switching element 93 in the on state energizes the heating resistor 94. The energizing heating resistor 94 is heated by Joule heat, and the low melting point metal fuse 95 is blown.
JP 2000-340267 A

加熱抵抗の発生熱は、供給電圧の2乗に比例して大きくなる。したがって、加熱抵抗は供給電圧が高くなると、発生熱量が大幅に変動する。たとえば、図1に示すように、4個の電池91を直列に接続しているパック電池は、3つの電池91がショートして、ひとつの電池91が過充電になったとき、1本の電池91で加熱抵抗94を加熱してヒューズ95を溶断する必要がある。また、4つの電池91の全てが過充電されて、加熱抵抗94を加熱するときには、4本の電池電圧が加熱抵抗94に過大な加熱電流を流すことになる。すなわち、この構造のパック電池は、1本の電池91で加熱抵抗94を加熱してヒューズ95を溶断できるように設計する必要がある。このため、複数の電池による高い電圧が加熱抵抗94に加えられて加熱電流が流れると、加熱電流は極めて大きくなる。   The heat generated by the heating resistance increases in proportion to the square of the supply voltage. Therefore, the amount of heat generated from the heating resistor varies greatly as the supply voltage increases. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a battery pack in which four batteries 91 are connected in series has one battery when three batteries 91 are short-circuited and one battery 91 is overcharged. It is necessary to heat the heating resistor 94 at 91 to blow the fuse 95. When all the four batteries 91 are overcharged and the heating resistor 94 is heated, the four battery voltages cause an excessive heating current to flow through the heating resistor 94. That is, the battery pack having this structure needs to be designed so that the fuse 95 can be blown by heating the heating resistor 94 with one battery 91. For this reason, when a high voltage from a plurality of batteries is applied to the heating resistor 94 and a heating current flows, the heating current becomes extremely large.

たとえば、図1に示すように電池を4直列に接続するパック電池は、3本の電池がショートして1本の電池で加熱電流を流すときと、4本の電池で加熱電流を流すときでは、加熱電流が4倍も変化する。このため、加熱抵抗に大電流が流れるときに、ヒューズが溶断される前に加熱抵抗が焼損されると、加熱抵抗でヒューズを溶断できなくなる問題点がある。   For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in a battery pack in which four batteries are connected in series, when three batteries are short-circuited and a heating current is passed by one battery, and when a heating current is passed by four batteries, The heating current changes by a factor of four. For this reason, when a large current flows through the heating resistor, if the heating resistor is burned out before the fuse is blown, there is a problem that the fuse cannot be blown by the heating resistor.

本発明は、このような欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、パック電池に内蔵する電池電圧が大幅に変動しても、加熱抵抗でヒューズを確実に溶断できる保護素子とこの保護素子を備えるパック電池を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving such drawbacks. An important object of the present invention is to provide a protective element capable of reliably fusing a fuse with a heating resistor even when the battery voltage built in the battery pack fluctuates greatly, and a pack battery including the protective element.

本発明の保護素子は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
保護素子2は、加熱すると溶断される低融点金属5と、この低融点金属5に熱結合されて、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属5を加熱する加熱抵抗4とを備える。加熱抵抗4は、電気抵抗が異なると共に、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子7を並列に接続したものとしている。
本明細書において、加熱抵抗が焼損されるとは、加熱抵抗の電気抵抗が極めて大きくなって実質的に電流がほとんど流れなくなる状態(場合によっては、切れることもある)を意味するものとする。
The protection element of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
The protection element 2 includes a low melting point metal 5 that is fused when heated, and a heating resistor 4 that is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal 5 and heats the low melting point metal 5 with Joule heat generated by an energized current. . The heating resistor 4 has a plurality of resistance elements 7 having different electrical resistances and different supply voltages to be burned out connected in parallel.
In this specification, the heating resistance is burned out means that the electrical resistance of the heating resistance is extremely large and substantially no current flows (may be cut off in some cases).

本発明の保護素子2は、抵抗素子7を並列に接続してなる加熱抵抗4の一端を、低融点金属5の中間に接続することができる。   The protection element 2 of the present invention can connect one end of the heating resistor 4 formed by connecting the resistance elements 7 in parallel to the middle of the low melting point metal 5.

本発明のパック電池は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
パック電池は、電池1と、この電池1に直列に接続してなる保護素子2とを備える。保護素子2は、加熱すると溶断される低融点金属5と、この低融点金属5に熱結合されて、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属5を加熱する加熱抵抗4とを備える。さらに、保護素子2は、加熱抵抗4を、電気抵抗が異なると共に、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子7を並列に接続したものとしている。
The battery pack of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the aforementioned object.
The battery pack includes a battery 1 and a protective element 2 connected to the battery 1 in series. The protection element 2 includes a low melting point metal 5 that is fused when heated, and a heating resistor 4 that is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal 5 and heats the low melting point metal 5 with Joule heat generated by an energized current. . Further, the protection element 2 is configured such that the heating resistor 4 is connected in parallel with a plurality of resistance elements 7 having different electric resistances and different supply voltages to be burned.

本発明のパック電池は、抵抗素子7を並列に接続してなる加熱抵抗4の一端を、低融点金属5の中間に接続することができる。   In the battery pack of the present invention, one end of the heating resistor 4 formed by connecting the resistance elements 7 in parallel can be connected to the middle of the low melting point metal 5.

本発明の保護素子とパック電池は、パック電池に内蔵する電池電圧が大幅に変動しても、加熱抵抗でヒューズを確実に溶断できる特長がある。それは、本発明の保護素子が、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属を加熱する加熱抵抗を、電気抵抗が異なり、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子を並列に接続したものとしており、本発明のパック電池がこの保護素子を備えているからである。この構造の保護素子は、供給電圧が低い状態では、電気抵抗の小さい抵抗素子が低融点金属を加熱して溶断する。また、供給電圧が高い状態では、低抵抗な抵抗素子は消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって焼損されるが、電気抵抗の大きい抵抗素子は焼損されることなく、消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって、低融点金属を加熱して溶断する。すなわち、供給電圧が低い状態では、低抵抗な抵抗素子が低融点金属を加熱して溶断し、供給電圧が高くなると、低抵抗な抵抗素子は焼損されるが、高抵抗な抵抗素子で低融点金属を加熱して溶断する。したがって、本発明の保護素子とこの保護素子を備えるパック電池は、加熱抵抗に供給される電圧が大幅に変化しても、低融点金属を加熱して確実に溶断できる。   The protection element and the battery pack of the present invention have a feature that the fuse can be surely blown by the heating resistance even when the battery voltage built in the battery pack fluctuates greatly. The protection element of the present invention has a heating resistor that heats a low-melting-point metal by Joule heat generated by an energized current, and a plurality of resistance elements having different electrical resistances and different supply voltages to be burned are connected in parallel. This is because the battery pack of the present invention includes this protective element. In the protection element having this structure, in a state where the supply voltage is low, the resistance element having a small electric resistance heats the low melting point metal and blows out. In addition, when the supply voltage is high, the resistance element with low resistance increases in power consumption and heat generation, and burns out, but the resistance element with high electrical resistance does not burn out and increases in power consumption and heat generation. Then, the low melting point metal is heated and melted. That is, when the supply voltage is low, the low-resistance resistance element heats and melts the low-melting point metal, and when the supply voltage is high, the low-resistance resistance element is burned out, but the high-resistance resistance element has a low melting point. Heat and melt the metal. Therefore, the protection element of the present invention and the battery pack including this protection element can reliably melt the low melting point metal by heating even if the voltage supplied to the heating resistor changes significantly.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための保護素子とこの保護素子を備えるパック電池を例示するものであって、本発明は保護素子とパック電池を以下のものに特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the examples shown below exemplify a protective element for embodying the technical idea of the present invention and a battery pack provided with the protective element. The present invention includes the protective element and the battery pack as follows. Not specified.

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

図2の回路図に示すパック電池は、電池1の異常を検出する制御回路6と、この制御回路6の出力信号でオンオフに切り換えられるスイッチング素子3と、このスイッチング素子3に制御されて異常時に電池1の電流を遮断する保護素子2を備える。   The battery pack shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 2 includes a control circuit 6 that detects an abnormality of the battery 1, a switching element 3 that is turned on and off by an output signal of the control circuit 6, and an abnormality that is controlled by the switching element 3. A protection element 2 for cutting off the current of the battery 1 is provided.

保護素子2は、図3に示すように、低融点金属5と、この低融点金属5に熱結合されて、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する加熱抵抗4を備える。低融点金属5は、電池1と直列に接続されて、異常時に溶断されて電池1の電流を遮断する。加熱抵抗4は、ジュール熱で加熱されて、熱結合している低融点金属5を熱で溶断する。   As shown in FIG. 3, the protection element 2 includes a low melting point metal 5 and a heating resistor 4 that is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal 5 and heats and melts the low melting point metal 5. The low-melting-point metal 5 is connected in series with the battery 1 and is melted when an abnormality occurs to block the current of the battery 1. The heating resistor 4 is heated by Joule heat and melts the low-melting metal 5 that is thermally bonded by heat.

保護素子2は、電池1に接続される電池端子11と、充電器や負荷に接続される充電端子12と、スイッチング素子3に接続されるスイッチ端子13とを備える。低融点金属5は、一端を低融点金属5に、他端を充電端子12に接続している。加熱抵抗4は一端を低融点金属5の中間に接続して、他端をスイッチ端子13に接続している。   The protection element 2 includes a battery terminal 11 connected to the battery 1, a charging terminal 12 connected to a charger or a load, and a switch terminal 13 connected to the switching element 3. The low melting point metal 5 has one end connected to the low melting point metal 5 and the other end connected to the charging terminal 12. The heating resistor 4 has one end connected to the middle of the low melting point metal 5 and the other end connected to the switch terminal 13.

制御回路6は、電池1が異常な状態になることを検出し、電池1が異常な状態になると、スイッチング素子3をオンにする信号を出力する。制御回路6が検出する電池1の異常な状態とは、たとえば、満充電された電池がさらに充電される状態、あるいは、電池に過電流が流れる状態である。ただ、本発明は、電池の異常な状態をこの状態には特定しない。電池の異常な状態とは、満充電された電池の充電や過電流のみでなく、たとえば、電池温度が異常な温度に上昇した状態等、パック電池を安全に、あるいは正常に使用できない電池が充電又は放電される状態を意味するものとする。たとえば、電池内部に鉄粉などの異物が混入していて、セパレータの劣化で電極同士が短絡して異常発熱する場合があるが、このような状況になって、それ以後、充放電できなくするような状態も含んでいる。複数の電池1を内蔵するパック電池は、各々の電池1の異常な状態を検出して、いずれかの電池1が異常な状態で使用されると、スイッチング素子3をオンにする信号を出力する。制御回路6は、全ての電池1が正常な状態にあるとき、スイッチング素子3をオンにする信号を出力せずに、スイッチング素子3をオフに保持する。   The control circuit 6 detects that the battery 1 is in an abnormal state, and outputs a signal for turning on the switching element 3 when the battery 1 is in an abnormal state. The abnormal state of the battery 1 detected by the control circuit 6 is, for example, a state in which a fully charged battery is further charged, or a state in which an overcurrent flows through the battery. However, the present invention does not specify an abnormal state of the battery as this state. An abnormal battery state is not only charging a fully charged battery or overcurrent, but also charging a battery that cannot be used safely or normally, such as when the battery temperature has risen to an abnormal temperature. Or it shall mean the state discharged. For example, foreign matter such as iron powder is mixed inside the battery, and the electrodes may short-circuit due to the deterioration of the separator, causing abnormal heat generation. Such a state is also included. A battery pack incorporating a plurality of batteries 1 detects an abnormal state of each battery 1 and outputs a signal for turning on the switching element 3 when any one of the batteries 1 is used in an abnormal state. . When all the batteries 1 are in a normal state, the control circuit 6 does not output a signal for turning on the switching elements 3 and keeps the switching elements 3 off.

スイッチング素子3はFETである。FETは、ゲートを制御回路6の出力端子に接続して、ソースをアース側に、ドレインを加熱抵抗4に接続している。スイッチング素子3には、FETに代わってトランジスタ等の他のスイッチング素子も使用できる。トランジスタは、ベースを制御回路に接続して、エミッタをアースに、コレクタを加熱抵抗に接続する。スイッチング素子をトランジスタとするパック電池は、電池が異常な状態になると、トランジスタをオンにする信号を制御回路が出力する。さらに、スイッチング素子にはリレーも使用できる。リレーはノーマルオープン側の接点をアースと加熱抵抗との間に接続し、励磁コイルをアースと制御回路の出力側とに接続する。このパック電池は、電池が異常な状態になると、リレーの励磁コイルに通電して、ノーマルオープン側の接点を閉じて、加熱抵抗に加熱電流を流す。   The switching element 3 is an FET. The FET has a gate connected to the output terminal of the control circuit 6, a source connected to the ground side, and a drain connected to the heating resistor 4. As the switching element 3, other switching elements such as a transistor can be used instead of the FET. The transistor has a base connected to the control circuit, an emitter connected to ground, and a collector connected to a heating resistor. In a battery pack using a transistor as a switching element, when the battery is in an abnormal state, the control circuit outputs a signal for turning on the transistor. Further, a relay can be used as the switching element. In the relay, the contact on the normally open side is connected between the ground and the heating resistor, and the exciting coil is connected to the ground and the output side of the control circuit. In this battery pack, when the battery is in an abnormal state, the relay exciting coil is energized, the normally open contact is closed, and the heating current flows through the heating resistor.

図2のパック電池は、保護素子2の電池端子11を電池1に、充電端子12を出力端子10に接続して、出力端子10と電池1との間に、保護素子2の低融点金属5を直列に接続している。低融点金属5は、所定の温度に加熱されると溶断されて電流を遮断するヒューズである。ヒューズは、加熱抵抗4で加熱されない状態においても、それ自体に流れる過大な電流のジュール熱で溶断して電流を遮断できる。すなわち、ヒューズは自己発熱で溶断できる。ただし、本発明は、低融点金属を必ずしもヒューズとする必要はなく、低融点金属には、それ自体に流れる電流のジュール熱では溶断されないが、加熱抵抗に加熱されて溶断できるものも使用できる。   The battery pack of FIG. 2 has a battery terminal 11 of the protection element 2 connected to the battery 1 and a charge terminal 12 connected to the output terminal 10, and the low melting point metal 5 of the protection element 2 between the output terminal 10 and the battery 1. Are connected in series. The low melting point metal 5 is a fuse that cuts off current when it is heated to a predetermined temperature. Even when the fuse is not heated by the heating resistor 4, the fuse can be blown by the excessive Joule heat flowing through the fuse, and the current can be cut off. That is, the fuse can be blown by self-heating. However, in the present invention, the low melting point metal does not necessarily need to be a fuse, and the low melting point metal is not blown by the Joule heat of the current flowing through itself, but can be blown by being heated by a heating resistor.

保護素子2は、図3に示すように、加熱抵抗4を低融点金属5の中間に接続して、一対の低融点金属5を直列に接続している。一方の低融点金属5は電池端子11を介して電池1に、他方の低融点金属5は充電端子12を介してパック電池の出力端子10に接続している。また、直列に接続している一対の低融点金属5の中間接続点18は、加熱抵抗4に接続している。この保護素子2は、電池1の放電電流と充電電流の両方を遮断できる。電池1に接続している低融点金属5を溶断して、電池1の放電電流を遮断し、また、充電器に接続される状態では充電器に接続される低融点金属5を溶断し、充電電流を遮断できる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the protection element 2 has a heating resistor 4 connected in the middle of the low melting point metal 5 and a pair of low melting point metals 5 connected in series. One low melting point metal 5 is connected to the battery 1 via the battery terminal 11, and the other low melting point metal 5 is connected to the output terminal 10 of the battery pack via the charging terminal 12. The intermediate connection point 18 of the pair of low melting point metals 5 connected in series is connected to the heating resistor 4. The protection element 2 can block both the discharge current and the charge current of the battery 1. The low melting point metal 5 connected to the battery 1 is melted to cut off the discharge current of the battery 1, and when connected to the charger, the low melting point metal 5 connected to the charger is melted and charged. The current can be cut off.

保護素子2は、加熱抵抗4で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断できるように、低融点金属5に熱結合して加熱抵抗4を配設している。加熱抵抗4は、低融点金属5に接近して配設され、あるいは絶縁材を介して積層して配設される。低融点金属5に接近して、あるいは絶縁状態で積層して配設される加熱抵抗4は、輻射熱や熱伝導で低融点金属5を加熱する。さらに、図3の保護素子2は、直列に接続している一対の低融点金属5の中間接続点18に加熱抵抗4を接続している。この加熱抵抗4は、中間接続点18を介して伝導される熱によっても低融点金属5を加熱する。低融点金属5に熱結合される加熱抵抗4は、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。   The protective element 2 is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal 5 and disposed with the heating resistor 4 so that the low melting point metal 5 can be heated and melted by the heating resistor 4. The heating resistor 4 is disposed close to the low melting point metal 5 or is laminated with an insulating material interposed therebetween. A heating resistor 4 disposed close to the low melting point metal 5 or laminated in an insulating state heats the low melting point metal 5 by radiant heat or heat conduction. Further, the protection element 2 of FIG. 3 has a heating resistor 4 connected to an intermediate connection point 18 of a pair of low melting point metals 5 connected in series. This heating resistor 4 also heats the low melting point metal 5 by heat conducted through the intermediate connection point 18. The heating resistor 4 thermally coupled to the low melting point metal 5 heats and melts the low melting point metal 5 with Joule heat generated by an energized current.

加熱抵抗4は、一端を低融点金属5に接続して、他端をスイッチ端子13を介してスイッチング素子3に接続している。図に示す加熱抵抗4は、一対の低融点金属5の中間接続点18に一端を接続している。加熱抵抗4は、電気抵抗が異なると共に、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子7を並列に接続している。並列に接続している抵抗素子7は、電気抵抗が異なるので、ジュール熱による発熱量が異なる。抵抗素子7はジュール熱による発熱量が小さすぎると低融点金属5を加熱して溶断できない。反対に、発熱量が大きすぎるとそれ自体が焼損する。このため、抵抗素子7はジュール熱による発熱量を、低融点金属5を溶断してそれ自体が焼損しない範囲とする必要がある。   The heating resistor 4 has one end connected to the low melting point metal 5 and the other end connected to the switching element 3 via the switch terminal 13. The heating resistor 4 shown in the figure has one end connected to an intermediate connection point 18 between a pair of low melting point metals 5. The heating resistor 4 is connected in parallel with a plurality of resistance elements 7 having different electrical resistances and different supply voltages to be burned. Since the resistance elements 7 connected in parallel have different electric resistances, the amount of heat generated by Joule heat differs. The resistance element 7 cannot be melted by heating the low melting point metal 5 if the amount of heat generated by Joule heat is too small. On the other hand, if the calorific value is too large, it itself burns out. For this reason, it is necessary for the resistance element 7 to set the amount of heat generated by Joule heat within a range in which the low melting point metal 5 is melted to prevent itself from burning.

抵抗素子のジュール熱による発熱量は消費電力Wに比例する。抵抗素子の発熱量Q(cal)は、以下の式(1)で示すようになる。   The amount of heat generated by Joule heat of the resistance element is proportional to the power consumption W. The calorific value Q (cal) of the resistance element is represented by the following formula (1).

Q=0.24WT…………(1)
ただし、この式において、Wは消費電力、Tは時間(sec)である。
Q = 0.24WT ………… (1)
In this equation, W is power consumption and T is time (sec).

この式から、抵抗素子は消費電力に比例して発熱量が大きくなる。いいかえると、消費電力が発熱量を特定する。たとえば、抵抗素子の消費電力を2倍にすると発熱量も2倍になる。抵抗素子の消費電力Wは、以下の式(2)で示すように、電気抵抗と供給電圧で特定される。   From this equation, the resistance element generates a large amount of heat in proportion to the power consumption. In other words, the power consumption specifies the amount of heat generated. For example, if the power consumption of the resistance element is doubled, the amount of heat generated is also doubled. The power consumption W of the resistance element is specified by the electrical resistance and the supply voltage, as shown by the following formula (2).

W=E/R…………(2)
ただし、この式において、Eは抵抗素子の供給電圧、Rは電気抵抗である。
W = E 2 / R ............ ( 2)
In this equation, E is the supply voltage of the resistance element, and R is the electrical resistance.

この式に示すように、抵抗素子の消費電力は電気抵抗に反比例して大きくなる。したがって、抵抗素子は、電気抵抗が1/2になると消費電力と発熱量は2倍に、電気抵抗が1/3になると消費電力と発熱量は3倍になる。このことから、並列に接続している抵抗素子は、電気抵抗によって消費電力と発熱量が異なり、電気抵抗の小さいものは大きいものよりも発熱量が大きくなる。   As shown in this equation, the power consumption of the resistance element increases in inverse proportion to the electrical resistance. Therefore, the resistance element doubles power consumption and heat generation when the electrical resistance is halved, and triples power consumption and heat generation when the electrical resistance is 3. For this reason, the resistance elements connected in parallel have different power consumption and heat generation depending on the electric resistance, and those having a small electric resistance have a larger heat generation than those having a large electric resistance.

図6に示すように、加熱抵抗84をひとつの抵抗素子87とする従来の保護素子82は、加熱抵抗84の熱で低融点金属85を加熱して溶断するが、発熱量が大きすぎると、それ自体が焼損するので、加熱抵抗84の電気抵抗は、低融点金属85を溶断できるように小さい電気抵抗としながら、それ自体が焼損しない大きい電気抵抗とする必要がある。すなわち、加熱抵抗84は、電気抵抗を所定の範囲に設定している。加熱抵抗は電気抵抗が大きすぎると、発熱量が小さくなって低融点金属を溶断できなくなり、反対に電気抵抗が小さすぎると発熱量が大きすぎて、それ自体が焼損する。このことから、加熱抵抗の電気抵抗は、所定の供給電圧において、それ自体が焼損することなく、低融点金属を加熱して溶断できる発熱量となるように決定している。   As shown in FIG. 6, the conventional protection element 82 having the heating resistor 84 as one resistance element 87 heats and melts the low melting point metal 85 with the heat of the heating resistor 84. Since it itself burns out, the electric resistance of the heating resistor 84 needs to be a large electric resistance that itself does not burn out, while having a small electric resistance so that the low melting point metal 85 can be fused. In other words, the heating resistor 84 sets the electrical resistance within a predetermined range. If the electrical resistance of the heating resistor is too large, the amount of heat generation becomes small and the low melting point metal cannot be blown out. On the other hand, if the electrical resistance is too small, the amount of heat generation becomes too large and itself burns out. From this, the electric resistance of the heating resistor is determined so as to be a calorific value at which a low melting point metal can be heated and melted without burning out at a predetermined supply voltage.

ただ、加熱抵抗の消費電力と発熱量は、電気抵抗が一定であっても、供給電圧の2乗に比例して大きくなるので、供給電圧が規定値よりも大きくなると、発熱量が急激に大きくなって焼損する。たとえば加熱抵抗の供給電圧が規定電圧の2倍になると、発熱量は4倍に増加して加熱抵抗を焼損させる。焼損した加熱抵抗は電流が極端に少なくなってジュール熱を発生しなくなる。この加熱抵抗は、焼損した後の発熱量が極端に少なくなって低融点金属を加熱できなくなる。   However, even if the electrical resistance is constant, the power consumption and the amount of heat generated by the heating resistor increase in proportion to the square of the supply voltage. Therefore, if the supply voltage exceeds the specified value, the amount of heat generation increases rapidly. It burns out. For example, when the supply voltage of the heating resistor is twice the specified voltage, the amount of heat generation is increased four times, causing the heating resistor to burn out. The burned-up heating resistor has an extremely small current and does not generate Joule heat. This heating resistance makes it impossible to heat the low-melting point metal due to the extremely small amount of heat generated after burning.

以上の理由で、ひとつの抵抗素子からなる加熱抵抗が、損傷することなく低融点金属を加熱して溶断できる供給電圧は規定の範囲に制限される。供給電圧が規定範囲よりも低くなると、消費電力が小さくなって低融点金属を加熱して溶断できなくなり、反対に規定範囲よりも高くなると消費電力が大きくなってそれ自体が焼損して、低融点金属を加熱して溶断できなくなる。このため、ひとつの抵抗素子からなる加熱抵抗が低融点金属を加熱して溶断できる電圧範囲は規定の範囲に制限される。   For the above reason, the supply voltage that can heat and melt the low melting point metal without damage by the heating resistor composed of one resistive element is limited to a specified range. If the supply voltage is lower than the specified range, the power consumption is reduced and the low melting point metal cannot be heated and blown out.On the other hand, if the supply voltage is higher than the specified range, the power consumption increases and the product itself burns out, resulting in a low melting point. The metal cannot be heated and blown. For this reason, the voltage range in which the heating resistance composed of one resistance element can heat and melt the low melting point metal is limited to a specified range.

本発明の保護素子は、加熱抵抗4に供給される電圧が大幅に変化しても、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断できるように、電気抵抗が異なり、かつ焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子7を並列に接続している。電気抵抗の小さい抵抗素子7は、低い供給電圧における消費電力と発熱量が大きく、供給電圧の低い状態で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。ただ、低抵抗な抵抗素子7は供給電圧が高くなると、消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって焼損する。供給電圧が高い状態では、電気抵抗の大きい抵抗素子7の消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。すなわち、供給電圧が低い状態では、低抵抗な抵抗素子7が低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。この状態で、高抵抗な抵抗素子7は消費電力と発熱量が小さいために、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断できない。供給電圧が高くなると、低抵抗な抵抗素子7は消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって焼損する。ただ、供給電圧が高くなると高抵抗な抵抗素子7の消費電力と発熱量が大きくなって、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。   The protection element of the present invention has a plurality of different electric resistances and different supply voltages to be burned so that the low melting point metal 5 can be heated and melted even if the voltage supplied to the heating resistor 4 changes significantly. Are connected in parallel. The resistance element 7 having a small electric resistance consumes a large amount of power and generates heat at a low supply voltage, and heats and melts the low melting point metal 5 in a state where the supply voltage is low. However, the resistance element 7 having a low resistance is burned out due to an increase in power consumption and heat generation as the supply voltage increases. In a state where the supply voltage is high, the power consumption and the heat generation amount of the resistance element 7 having a large electric resistance are increased, and the low melting point metal 5 is heated and melted. That is, in a state where the supply voltage is low, the resistance element 7 having a low resistance heats and melts the low melting point metal 5. In this state, the resistance element 7 having high resistance has low power consumption and a small amount of heat generation, so the low melting point metal 5 cannot be heated and blown. When the supply voltage increases, the resistance element 7 having low resistance increases in power consumption and heat generation and burns out. However, when the supply voltage is increased, the power consumption and the heat generation amount of the high-resistance resistance element 7 are increased, and the low melting point metal 5 is heated and melted.

複数の抵抗素子7の電気抵抗は、供給電圧と消費電力と発熱量と低融点金属5を溶断できる熱量とを考慮して特定される。たとえば、電気抵抗を5Ωとし、5W以上の消費電力で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断でき、15Wを越える消費電力ではそれ自体が焼損する抵抗素子7は、供給電圧を5V〜8.6Vとする電圧範囲で使用できる。供給電圧が5V未満であると、消費電力が5W未満となり発熱量が小さくなって低融点金属5を溶断できなくなり、8.6Vを越えると消費電力が15Wを越えてそれ自体が焼損するからである。また、電気抵抗を10Ωとし、5W以上の消費電力で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断でき、15Wを越える消費電力ではそれ自体が焼損する抵抗素子7は、供給電圧を7.1V〜12.2Vとする電圧範囲で使用できる。供給電圧が7.1V未満であると、消費電力が5W未満となり発熱量が小さくなって低融点金属5を溶断できなくなり、12.2Vを越えると消費電力が15Wを越えてそれ自体が焼損するからである。   The electrical resistance of the plurality of resistance elements 7 is specified in consideration of the supply voltage, power consumption, the amount of heat generated, and the amount of heat that can melt the low melting point metal 5. For example, the resistance element 7 having an electrical resistance of 5Ω and capable of heating and melting the low melting point metal 5 with a power consumption of 5 W or more and burning itself with a power consumption of more than 15 W has a supply voltage of 5V to 8.6V. Can be used within the voltage range. If the supply voltage is less than 5V, the power consumption will be less than 5W and the amount of heat generation will be small and the low melting point metal 5 will not be blown. If it exceeds 8.6V, the power consumption will exceed 15W and it will burn out. is there. Further, the resistance element 7 having an electric resistance of 10Ω and capable of being melted by heating the low melting point metal 5 with a power consumption of 5 W or more and burning itself with a power consumption exceeding 15 W has a supply voltage of 7.1 V to 12.2. It can be used in a voltage range of 2V. If the supply voltage is less than 7.1V, the power consumption will be less than 5W, the heat generation will be small and the low melting point metal 5 will not be blown, and if it exceeds 12.2V, the power consumption will exceed 15W and it will itself burn out. Because.

以上のことから、消費電力を5W〜15Wとする範囲で低融点金属5を溶断できるふたつの抵抗素子7であって、電気抵抗を5Ωとする抵抗素子7と、10Ωとする抵抗素子7とを並列に接続して加熱抵抗4とする保護素子2は、供給電圧を5V〜12.2Vとする広い範囲で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断できる。この保護素子2は、供給電圧を5V〜8.6Vとする範囲では電気抵抗を5Ωとする抵抗素子7が低融点金属5を加熱して溶断し、供給電圧が8.6Vを越えて、5Ωの抵抗素子7が焼損した後は、電気抵抗を10Ωとする抵抗素子7が低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。   From the above, the two resistance elements 7 capable of fusing the low melting point metal 5 within a range of power consumption of 5 W to 15 W, the resistance element 7 having an electrical resistance of 5Ω and the resistance element 7 having a resistance of 10Ω. The protective element 2 connected in parallel and used as the heating resistor 4 can be melted by heating the low melting point metal 5 in a wide range where the supply voltage is 5V to 12.2V. In this protective element 2, in the range where the supply voltage is 5 V to 8.6 V, the resistance element 7 having an electric resistance of 5Ω is melted by heating the low melting point metal 5, and the supply voltage exceeds 8.6 V and is 5Ω. After the resistance element 7 is burned out, the resistance element 7 having an electric resistance of 10Ω heats and melts the low melting point metal 5.

以上のことから、図4に示すように、電気抵抗を5Ω、10Ω、20Ωとする3つの抵抗素子47を並列に接続して加熱抵抗44とする保護素子42は、さらに使用できる供給電圧の範囲を5V〜17.3Vと広くできる。ただし、各々の抵抗素子47は、5W〜15Wの消費電力で低融点金属45を加熱して溶断できるものとする。
ただし、図4に示す実施例において、前述の実施例と同じ構成要素については、上1桁を除く下桁に同符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
From the above, as shown in FIG. 4, the protective element 42 that connects the three resistance elements 47 having electrical resistances of 5Ω, 10Ω, and 20Ω in parallel to form the heating resistance 44 has a range of usable supply voltages. Can be as wide as 5V to 17.3V. However, each resistance element 47 can heat and melt the low melting point metal 45 with power consumption of 5 W to 15 W.
However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the same components as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the lower digits except the upper one digit, and the description thereof is omitted.

さらに、保護素子は、複数の抵抗素子の電気抵抗を3Ω、9Ω、29Ωとして、5W〜17Wの消費電力で低融点金属を加熱して溶断することもできる。電気抵抗を3Ωとし、5W以上の消費電力で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断でき、17Wを越える消費電力ではそれ自体が焼損する抵抗素子は、供給電圧を3.9V〜7.1Vとする電圧範囲で使用できる。供給電圧が3.9V未満であると、消費電力が5W未満となり発熱量が小さくなって低融点金属を溶断できなくなり、7.1Vを越えると消費電力が17Wを越えてそれ自体が焼損するからである。同様に、電気抵抗を9Ωとする抵抗素子は、供給電圧を6.8V〜12.3Vとする電圧範囲で使用でき、電気抵抗を29Ωとする抵抗素子は、供給電圧を12.1V〜22.2Vとする電圧範囲で使用できる。以上のことから、消費電力を5W〜17Wとする範囲で低融点金属を溶断できる抵抗素子であって、電気抵抗を3Ω、9Ω、29Ωとする3つの抵抗素子を並列に接続して加熱抵抗とする保護素子は、使用できる供給電圧の範囲を、3.9V〜22.2Vとさらに広くできる。   Further, the protective element can be melted by heating the low melting point metal with power consumption of 5 W to 17 W by setting the electric resistance of the plurality of resistance elements to 3Ω, 9Ω, and 29Ω. The resistance element, which has an electrical resistance of 3Ω and can be melted by heating the low melting point metal 5 with a power consumption of 5 W or more, and burns itself when the power consumption exceeds 17 W, has a supply voltage of 3.9 V to 7.1 V Can be used in the voltage range. If the supply voltage is less than 3.9V, the power consumption will be less than 5W, the heat generation will be small and the low melting point metal will not be blown, and if it exceeds 7.1V, the power consumption will exceed 17W and itself will burn out. It is. Similarly, a resistance element having an electrical resistance of 9Ω can be used in a voltage range where the supply voltage is 6.8V to 12.3V, and a resistance element having an electrical resistance of 29Ω is a supply voltage of 12.1V to 22.2. It can be used in a voltage range of 2V. From the above, it is a resistance element that can melt a low melting point metal in the range of power consumption from 5 W to 17 W, and the three resistance elements having electrical resistances of 3Ω, 9Ω, and 29Ω are connected in parallel to the heating resistance. The protective element to be used can further widen the range of supply voltage that can be used, from 3.9 V to 22.2 V.

以上の保護素子2、42は、各々の抵抗素子7、47が低融点金属5、45を加熱して溶断できる消費電力範囲を、5W〜15Wの一定とし、あるいは5W〜17Wの一定とするが、各々の抵抗素子7、47は低融点金属5、45を溶断できる消費電力範囲を全て一定とする必要はない。たとえば、各々の抵抗素子は、低融点金属を溶断できる消費電力範囲を異なるようにすることもできるからである。たとえば、抵抗素子は、低融点金属との熱結合状態によって、低融点金属を溶断できる消費電力範囲が変化する。熱結合が少なく、抵抗素子から低融点金属への熱伝導率の小さい抵抗素子は、低融点金属を溶断できる消費電力が大きくなる。反対に熱結合が大きく、抵抗素子から低融点金属への熱伝導率が大きい抵抗素子は、小さい消費電力で低融点金属を溶断できるからである。   In the protective elements 2 and 42 described above, the power consumption range in which each of the resistance elements 7 and 47 can heat and melt the low melting point metals 5 and 45 is fixed to 5 W to 15 W or fixed to 5 W to 17 W. Each of the resistance elements 7 and 47 need not have a constant power consumption range in which the low melting point metals 5 and 45 can be fused. This is because, for example, each resistance element can have different power consumption ranges in which the low melting point metal can be fused. For example, in the resistance element, the power consumption range in which the low melting point metal can be fused varies depending on the thermal coupling state with the low melting point metal. A resistance element with low thermal coupling and low thermal conductivity from the resistance element to the low melting point metal increases power consumption that can melt the low melting point metal. Conversely, a resistor element having a large thermal coupling and a large thermal conductivity from the resistor element to the low melting point metal can melt the low melting point metal with low power consumption.

保護素子は、並列に接続する抵抗素子の個数を多くして、使用できる供給電圧範囲、すなわち加熱抵抗で低融点金属を溶断できる電圧範囲を大きくできる。保護素子は、並列に接続する抵抗素子の個数を、直列に接続される電池の個数に対応することができる。ただ、保護素子は、必ずしも、並列に接続する抵抗素子の数と、直列に接続される電池の個数とを等しくする必要はない。たとえば、抵抗素子に、低融点金属を溶断できる電圧範囲が広いものを使用して、ひとつの抵抗素子に複数の電池を対応させることもできる。すなわち、並列接続する抵抗素子の数を、直列接続される電池の個数より少なくすることができる。   The protection element can increase the number of resistance elements connected in parallel to increase the supply voltage range that can be used, that is, the voltage range in which the low-melting-point metal can be fused with a heating resistor. The protection element can correspond to the number of resistance elements connected in parallel to the number of batteries connected in series. However, the protection element does not necessarily need to equalize the number of resistance elements connected in parallel and the number of batteries connected in series. For example, a resistor having a wide voltage range capable of fusing a low melting point metal can be used, and a plurality of batteries can be made to correspond to one resistor. That is, the number of resistance elements connected in parallel can be made smaller than the number of batteries connected in series.

以上の保護素子2を内蔵するパック電池は、電池1が正常な状態にあるときに、制御回路6がスイッチング素子3をオフに保持する。スイッチング素子3がオフ状態にあると、加熱抵抗4には電流が流れない。したがって、低融点金属5が加熱抵抗4に加熱されることがなく、低融点金属5が溶断されることはない。したがって、電池1は低融点金属5を介してパック電池の出力端子10に接続される。この状態で、パック電池は充電され、あるいは放電される。   In the battery pack including the protective element 2 described above, the control circuit 6 keeps the switching element 3 off when the battery 1 is in a normal state. When the switching element 3 is in the off state, no current flows through the heating resistor 4. Therefore, the low melting point metal 5 is not heated by the heating resistor 4 and the low melting point metal 5 is not blown out. Therefore, the battery 1 is connected to the output terminal 10 of the battery pack via the low melting point metal 5. In this state, the battery pack is charged or discharged.

電池1が異常に状態になると、制御回路6はスイッチング素子3をオフからオンに切り換える。オンになったスイッチング素子3は、加熱抵抗4に加熱電流を流す。加熱抵抗4は、加熱電流によるジュール熱で加熱される。加熱された加熱抵抗4は、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。低融点金属5が溶断されると、電池1はパック電池の出力端子10から切り離されて、電流が遮断される。   When the battery 1 becomes abnormal, the control circuit 6 switches the switching element 3 from OFF to ON. The switching element 3 that has been turned on passes a heating current through the heating resistor 4. The heating resistor 4 is heated by Joule heat generated by a heating current. The heated heating resistor 4 heats and melts the low melting point metal 5. When the low melting point metal 5 is melted, the battery 1 is disconnected from the output terminal 10 of the battery pack and the current is cut off.

保護素子2は、供給電圧が高いと抵抗素子7を焼損させて、残りの抵抗素子7で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。焼損される抵抗素子7の個数は、供給電圧によって変化する。いいかえると、パック電池に内蔵される電池1の個数や種類によって焼損する抵抗素子7の個数が変化する。複数の電池1を直列に接続しているパック電池は、直列接続する電池1の個数が多くなって、電圧が高くなると、焼損する抵抗素子7の個数が多くなる。ただ、保護素子2は、いずれかの抵抗素子7を焼損させないで、低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。   When the supply voltage is high, the protection element 2 burns the resistance element 7 and heats the low-melting-point metal 5 with the remaining resistance element 7 to melt it. The number of resistance elements 7 to be burned varies depending on the supply voltage. In other words, the number of resistance elements 7 that burn out varies depending on the number and type of batteries 1 built in the battery pack. In a battery pack in which a plurality of batteries 1 are connected in series, when the number of batteries 1 connected in series increases and the voltage increases, the number of resistive elements 7 that burn out increases. However, the protection element 2 heats and melts the low melting point metal 5 without burning any of the resistance elements 7.

直列に接続する電池1の個数が多くなって出力電圧を高くしているパック電池は、スイッチング素子3がオンになる状態で、電気抵抗の小さい抵抗素子7から焼損して、焼損されない抵抗素子7で低融点金属5を加熱して溶断する。   The battery pack in which the number of the batteries 1 connected in series is increased to increase the output voltage is burned out from the resistance element 7 having a small electric resistance in a state where the switching element 3 is turned on, and the resistance element 7 that is not burned out. The low melting point metal 5 is heated and melted.

図5の回路図は、本発明の他の実施例のパック電池を示す。この図のパック電池の保護素子52は、パック電池の出力端子510と電池51との間に、ひとつの低融点金属55を接続している。このパック電池は、電池51が異常な状態になると、スイッチング素子53がオンになって、加熱抵抗54に加熱電流が流れる。加熱電流が流れる加熱抵抗54は、ジュール熱で加熱されて、低融点金属55を熱溶断して電流を遮断する。このパック電池も、直列に接続する電池51の個数を多くして、出力電圧を高くしているものにあっては、電気抵抗の小さい抵抗素子57を焼損し、電気抵抗の大きい抵抗素子57で低融点金属55を加熱して溶断する。焼損する抵抗素子57の個数は、直列に接続する電池51の個数、いいかえると加熱抵抗54の供給電圧により変化し、供給電圧が高くなると、焼損する抵抗素子57の個数が多く、供給電圧が低いと焼損する抵抗素子57の個数は少なくなる。
なお、図5に示す実施例において、前述の実施例と同じ構成要素については、上1桁を除く下桁に同符号を付して、その説明を省略している。
The circuit diagram of FIG. 5 shows a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. The protection element 52 of the battery pack in this figure has one low melting point metal 55 connected between the battery battery output terminal 510 and the battery 51. In this battery pack, when the battery 51 is in an abnormal state, the switching element 53 is turned on and a heating current flows through the heating resistor 54. The heating resistor 54 through which the heating current flows is heated by Joule heat and cuts off the current by thermally fusing the low melting point metal 55. In this battery pack, if the number of batteries 51 connected in series is increased to increase the output voltage, the resistance element 57 having a small electrical resistance is burned out, and the resistance element 57 having a large electrical resistance is used. The low melting point metal 55 is heated and melted. The number of resistance elements 57 to be burned varies depending on the number of batteries 51 connected in series, in other words, the supply voltage of the heating resistor 54. When the supply voltage is increased, the number of resistance elements 57 to be burned is large and the supply voltage is low. The number of resistance elements 57 that burn out decreases.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the lower digits except the first digit, and the description thereof is omitted.

従来のパック電池の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the conventional battery pack. 本発明の一実施例にかかるパック電池の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図2に示すパック電池の保護素子の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the protection element of the battery pack shown in FIG. 保護素子の他の一例を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows another example of a protection element. 本発明の他の実施例にかかるパック電池の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. 従来の保護素子を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the conventional protection element.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…電池
2…保護素子
3…スイッチング素子
4…加熱抵抗
5…低融点金属
6…制御回路
7…抵抗素子
10…出力端子
11…電池端子
12…充電端子
13…スイッチ端子
18…中間接続点
42…保護素子
44…加熱抵抗
45…低融点金属
47…抵抗素子
411…電池端子
412…充電端子
413…スイッチ端子
418…中間接続点
51…電池
52…保護素子
53…スイッチング素子
54…加熱抵抗
55…低融点金属
56…制御回路
57…抵抗素子
510…出力端子
511…電池端子
512…充電端子
513…スイッチ端子
82…保護素子
84…加熱抵抗
85…低融点金属
87…抵抗素子
91…電池
92…保護素子
93…スイッチング素子
94…加熱抵抗
95…ヒューズ
96…制御回路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 2 ... Protection element 3 ... Switching element 4 ... Heating resistance 5 ... Low melting-point metal 6 ... Control circuit 7 ... Resistance element 10 ... Output terminal 11 ... Battery terminal 12 ... Charging terminal 13 ... Switch terminal 18 ... Intermediate connection point 42 ... Protection element 44 ... Heating resistance 45 ... Low melting point metal 47 ... Resistance element 411 ... Battery terminal 412 ... Charging terminal 413 ... Switch terminal 418 ... Intermediate connection point 51 ... Battery 52 ... Protection element 53 ... Switching element 54 ... Heating resistance 55 ... Low melting point metal 56 ... Control circuit 57 ... Resistance element 510 ... Output terminal 511 ... Battery terminal 512 ... Charging terminal 513 ... Switch terminal 82 ... Protection element 84 ... Heating resistance 85 ... Low melting point metal 87 ... Resistance element 91 ... Battery 92 ... Protection Element 93 ... Switching element 94 ... Heating resistor 95 ... Fuse 96 ... Control circuit

Claims (4)

加熱すると溶断される低融点金属(5)と、この低融点金属(5)に熱結合されて、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属(5)を加熱する加熱抵抗(4)とを備える保護素子であって、
加熱抵抗(4)が、電気抵抗が異なると共に、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子(7)を並列に接続したものである保護素子。
A low-melting-point metal (5) that is blown by heating, and a heating resistor (4) that is thermally coupled to the low-melting-point metal (5) and heats the low-melting-point metal (5) with Joule heat generated by an energized current A protective element comprising:
A protective element having a heating resistor (4) in which a plurality of resistance elements (7) having different electric resistances and different supply voltages to be burned are connected in parallel.
請求項1に記載される保護素子であって、
抵抗素子(7)を並列に接続してなる加熱抵抗(4)の一端を、低融点金属(5)の中間に接続している保護素子。
The protection element according to claim 1,
A protection element in which one end of a heating resistor (4) formed by connecting resistance elements (7) in parallel is connected to the middle of the low melting point metal (5).
電池(1)と、この電池(1)に直列に接続してなる保護素子(2)とを備えるパック電池であって、
保護素子(2)が、加熱すると溶断される低融点金属(5)と、この低融点金属(5)に熱結合されて、通電される電流で発生するジュール熱で低融点金属(5)を加熱する加熱抵抗(4)とを備えると共に、加熱抵抗(4)が、電気抵抗が異なると共に、焼損される供給電圧が異なる複数の抵抗素子(7)を並列に接続したものとしてなる保護素子を備えるパック電池。
A battery pack comprising a battery (1) and a protective element (2) connected in series to the battery (1),
The protective element (2) is bonded to the low melting point metal (5) which is melted by heating and the low melting point metal (5) by Joule heat generated by the current that is thermally coupled to the low melting point metal (5). A protective element comprising a heating resistor (4) for heating, and a heating resistor (4) connected in parallel with a plurality of resistance elements (7) having different electrical resistances and different supply voltages to be burned out. Pack battery to be provided.
請求項3に記載される保護素子を備えるパック電池であって、
抵抗素子(7)を並列に接続してなる加熱抵抗(4)の一端を、低融点金属(5)の中間に接続している保護素子を備えるパック電池。
A battery pack comprising the protective element according to claim 3,
A battery pack comprising a protective element in which one end of a heating resistor (4) formed by connecting resistance elements (7) in parallel is connected to the middle of the low melting point metal (5).
JP2005315495A 2005-10-28 2005-10-28 Protection element and battery pack provided with the protection element Expired - Fee Related JP4637001B2 (en)

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