JP4570685B2 - 固体吸着剤を利用した重炭化水素供給原料のための増強された溶媒脱アスファルト化プロセス - Google Patents
固体吸着剤を利用した重炭化水素供給原料のための増強された溶媒脱アスファルト化プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/003—Solvent de-asphalting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material
- C10G25/03—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
- C10G25/05—Removal of non-hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
本発明は、固体吸着剤の存在下での重油の溶媒脱アスファルト化に関する。
原油は、原油留分の精油処理に悪影響をもたらす、硫黄、窒素、ニッケル、バナジウム、及び他の物質の化合物を含むヘテロ原子の多環芳香族分子を多量に含有する。軽質原油又はコンデンセートは、0.01重量パーセント(W%)程度の低い硫黄濃度を有している。対照的に、重質原油及び重質石油留分は、5乃至6W%程度の高い硫黄濃度を有している。同様に、原油の窒素含有量は、0.001乃至1.0W%の範囲にあり得る。これらの不純物は、最終生産物(例えば、ガソリン、ディーゼル油、重油)のための、或いは異性化改質のように更にアップグレードするために処理される中間精製流のための確立された環境規則を満たすために、精製中に除去されなければならない。窒素、硫黄、及び重金属のような汚染物質は、触媒を非活性化または汚染することが知られている。
(a)脱アスファルト化された油の溶液及びアスファルテンを含む重質炭化水素物質と、脂肪族炭化水素沈殿剤とを、第1の混合領域で混合して、混合物及び沈殿したアスファルテンを形成し、
(b)第1の分離領域において、ステップ(a)からの混合物を、(i)脱アスファルト化された油及び沈殿剤の第1の溶液と、(ii)沈殿剤及び脱アスファルト化された油の溶液中の固体のアスファルテン粒子のスラリーと、に分け、
(c)ステップ(b)の第1の溶液を分離して、前記沈殿剤及びアスファルテンが殆ど無い脱アスファルト化された油を取得し、
(d)ステップ(b)のアスファルテンのスラリーを第2の混合領域へ導入し、該スラリーを多量の未使用の沈殿剤で洗浄することで脱アスファルト化された油を除去し、
(e)前記第2の混合領域からの混合物を遠心分離装置のデカンターを含む第2の分離領域へ導入して、固体のアスファルテンの高濃縮スラリーから液相を分離し、
(f)前記第2の分離領域からの前記液相を前記第1の混合領域へ再循環させ、
(g)前記第2の分離領域からの固体のアスファルテンの濃縮スラリーを溶媒除去システムへ導入して、溶媒を回収し且つ高い軟化点のアスファルテンの粉体を含む生成物を取得し、及び、
(h)前記溶媒除去システムで回収された溶媒を第2の混合領域へ再循環させる。
上記の目的及び利点は、脱アスファルト化された油から窒素含有の多核芳香族炭化水素を除去する吸着剤の存在下で、重質炭化水素供給原料の溶媒脱アスファルト化を広く包含する本発明のプロセスによって達成され、これにより水素化分解及び流動接触分解ユニットを含む精製処理装置のパフォーマンスを改善する。本発明に従って、原油又は石油の重質留分及び残分の溶媒脱アスファルト化は、汚染物質を吸着し、再生利用のために溶媒が回収されるものとは別個の流れとして溶媒油留分が除去されることを可能にする、粘土、シリカ、アルミナ、活性炭及び未使用又は使用済みのゼオライト触媒物質のような固体吸着剤の存在下で実行される。汚染物質を備えた吸着剤及びアスファルト残油(bottom)は、汚染物質を除去するために芳香族及び/又は極性溶媒で混合され、必要に応じて、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン及びテトラヒドロフランで洗浄され、好ましく回収され再生利用することができるように吸着剤を清浄化する。溶媒とアスファルトの混合物は、芳香剤又は極性溶媒の回収及び再生利用のために、精留塔に送り込まれる。当該精留塔からの残油は、濃縮されたPNA及び汚染物質を含有しており、さらに適切に処理される。
a.原油、ビチューメン、タールサンド、及びシェール油を含む天然源から、或いは、常圧又は減圧残留物、コークス軽油、流動接触分解運転からの重質軽油、及びビスブロークン(visbroken)軽油を含む精製プロセスから抽出された、アスファルテンを含有する重炭化水素供給原料と、高い窒素分及びPNA分子を有する混合物と、を供給し、
b.槽内で、前記炭化水素供給原料を、C3〜C7のパラフィン溶媒、好ましくはC4ノルマル及びイソ・ブタンの混合物と、当該溶媒の臨界圧及び温度未満の温度及び圧力で混合することによって、マルテン溶液中のアスファルテンの平衡を妨げて固相のアスファルテン粒子状物質を凝集させ、
c.原料に対して吸着性があり、撹拌槽中に20:0.1W/W以上の、好ましくは10:1W/Wの重量比で存在する固体吸着剤に接触して、マルテン及びアスファルテンから、窒素含有の多核芳香族化合物を吸着し、
d.第1の分離槽内で、液相から、固相アスファルテン粒子及び吸着剤を分離し、タンクボトムを濾過槽に、上部液体層を第2の分離槽に移送し、
e.第2の分離槽内で脱アスファルト化された油を分離し、撹拌槽に再循環させるためにパラフィン系溶媒を回収し、
f.前記吸着剤を芳香族及び/又は極性溶媒で洗浄することにより、濾過槽内で前記吸着剤からアスファルトを分離し、溶媒及び油の混合物を精留塔へ移送して前記溶媒を回収し、前記濾過槽からアスファルト混合物を放出し、
g.前記精留塔内で溶媒を分留して、前記濾過槽に再循環させるために芳香族及び/又は極性溶媒を回収し、及び、
h.窒素及び硫黄化合物の高位の濃度を有する重油多環状炭化水素流を回収する。
本発明の好ましい実施形態の例証となる図面を参照すると、重炭化水素供給流11は、適切な攪拌手段、例えば、穏やかであるが完全な内容物の混合を提供する回転式の攪拌翼(ブレード)あるいは羽根(パドル)を装備した攪拌槽10へ導入される。さらに、この槽には現在、C3乃至C7のパラフィン溶媒12と、固体吸着剤のスラリー13を構成する供給流がある。定められた槽及び吸着剤、溶媒、及び供給原料の混合物に対する攪拌速度は、吸着剤粒子の摩滅が、たとえあったとしても最小となるように選択される。状態は、溶媒の臨界温度及び圧力未満に維持される。この攪拌は、当該混合物の成分と関係している期間として30〜150分の間継続される。
比較のための溶媒脱アスファルト化プロセスでは、アラビア産による5.4W%の硫黄、4300ppmwの窒素、及び24.6W%のMCRを含有する減圧残分油の供給原料が、ノルマル及びイソペンタンの混合物である溶媒で処理され、脱アスファルト化された油及びアスファルテンを、それぞれ、71W%及び29W%産出する。脱アスファルト化された油の硫黄、窒素、及びMCRの含有量は、それぞれ、4.4W%、2,700ppmw、及び13.7W%であった。この先行技術プロセスでは、硫黄の約20W%、窒素の37W%、及びMCRの44.6W%が、減圧残分油から除去された。
この例では、溶媒脱アスファルト化は、本発明に従って、溶媒へ固体吸着剤を加えて実行される。このプロセスは、ノルマルペンタンとアタプルガス粘土(attapulgus clay)を用いて、30℃及び3g/cm2の圧力で実施される。5.4W%の硫黄、4,300ppmwの窒素、24.6W%のMCRを含むアラビア産のものからの減圧残分は、硫黄2.6W%、窒素1,400ppmw、及び微小炭素残分8.2W%を備えた脱アスファルト化された油が産出された。
Claims (12)
- a.アスファルテンを含む炭化水素油原料を、パラフィン系溶媒及びアタプルガス粘土、アルミナ、シリカ、活性炭、及びゼオライト触媒物質からなるグループから選ばれた固体吸着剤と共に、撹拌槽へ導入し、
b.パラフィン系溶媒相で形成された固体のアスファルテンを、硫黄及び窒素含有の多核芳香族の分子を前記吸着剤で吸着するのに十分な時間だけ、前記吸着剤と攪拌し、
c.アスファルテン及び吸着剤を含む固相を、油/溶媒混合物から分離し、
d.前記油/溶媒混合物を分離槽へ渡して、脱アスファルト化された油とパラフィン系溶媒とを分離し、前記撹拌槽に再循環させるために溶媒を回収し、
e.芳香族又は極性溶媒と共にアスファルト/吸着剤混合物を濾過槽へ渡して、吸着された化合物を取り除き、固相アスファルトを回収し、及び、
f.芳香族又は極性溶媒混合物を精留塔へ渡して、溶媒を回収すること
を含む溶媒脱アスファルト化プロセス。 - 20°乃至200℃の温度範囲で、及び1乃至100kg/cm2の圧力で実施されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(c)で前記固相は、濾過によって分離され、吸着剤が実質的に無い清浄化された供給流を提供することを特徴とする請求項1のプロセス。
- 前記濾過ステップの後に、吸着剤物質から窒素含有のPNAを脱着させて除去することによって、吸着剤物質を再生成することを特徴とする請求項3記載のプロセス。
- 前記炭化水素原料は、原油、タールサンド、ビチューメン、及びシェール油から選ばれた自然源から抽出されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記炭化水素原料は、常圧及び減圧残油、流動式接触分解油、スラリー油、コーキング残油、ビスブレーキング残油、及び石炭液化油からなる群から選ばれた精製過程から抽出されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 炭化水素原料の1乃至50V%は、水素化分解法、流動式接触分解法、及びビスブレーキング法を含むさらなる精製過程のための脱アスファルト化された油として回収されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 炭化水素原料の1乃至50V%は、水素化分解法、コーキング法、及びビスブレーキング法を含む、アスファルト・ユニット及び精製過程で処理するためのアスファルトとして回収されることを特徴とする請求項2記載のプロセス。
- 高い窒素含有量の留分が、重油中で混合されるか、或いはアスファルト・ユニット、水素化分解、コーキング、またはビスブレーキング・ユニットで処理されることを特徴とする請求項8記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸着剤物質は、固定床カラムに充填されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 吸着剤が、4〜60メッシュの範囲のサイズのペレット、球体、成形品、及び天然産物からなる吸着性物質から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項2記載のプロセス。
- a.原油、ビチューメン、タールサンド、及びシェール油を含む天然源から、或いは、常圧又は減圧残留物、コークス軽油、流動接触分解運転からの重質軽油、及びビスブロークン(visbroken)軽油を含む精製プロセスから抽出された、アスファルテンを含有する重炭化水素供給原料と、高い窒素分及びPNA分子を有する混合物と、を供給し、
b.槽内で、前記炭化水素供給原料を、C3〜C7のパラフィン溶媒と、当該溶媒の臨界圧及び温度未満の温度及び圧力で混合して、マルテン溶液中のアスファルテンの平衡を妨害し且つ固相のアスファルテン粒子状物質を凝集させ、
c.原料に対して吸着性があり、撹拌槽中に20:0.1W/W以上の重量比で存在する、コーティングされていない固体吸着剤に接触して、マルテン及びアスファルテンから、窒素含有の多核芳香族化合物を吸着し、
d.第1の分離槽内で、液相から、固相アスファルテン粒子及びコーティングされていない吸着剤を分離し、タンクボトムを濾過槽に、上部液体層を第2の分離槽に移送し、
e.第2の分離槽内で脱アスファルト化された油を分離し、撹拌槽に再循環させるためにパラフィン系溶媒を回収し、
f.前記コーティングされていない吸着剤を芳香族及び/又は極性溶媒で洗浄することにより、濾過槽内で前記吸着剤から固相アスファルト粒子を分離し、溶媒及び油の混合物を精留塔へ移送して前記溶媒を回収し、前記濾過槽からアスファルト混合物を放出し、
g.前記精留塔内で溶媒を分留して、前記濾過槽に再循環させるために芳香族及び/又は極性溶媒を回収し、及び、
h.窒素及び硫黄化合物の高位の濃度を有する重油多環状炭化水素流を回収する、
ことを含む溶媒脱アスファルト化プロセス。
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| WO2008051498A2 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
| US20080093260A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
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| EP2084244B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| BRPI0715996B1 (pt) | 2017-03-14 |
| EA015209B1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
| WO2008051498A3 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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