JP4429069B2 - 微生物の検出装置および方法 - Google Patents
微生物の検出装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4429069B2 JP4429069B2 JP2004137319A JP2004137319A JP4429069B2 JP 4429069 B2 JP4429069 B2 JP 4429069B2 JP 2004137319 A JP2004137319 A JP 2004137319A JP 2004137319 A JP2004137319 A JP 2004137319A JP 4429069 B2 JP4429069 B2 JP 4429069B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- microorganisms
- unit
- reagent
- microorganism
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims description 185
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 147
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 77
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 18
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 17
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Muraminsaeure Natural products OC(=O)C(C)OC1C(N)C(O)OC(CO)C1O MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010013639 Peptidoglycan Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193996 Streptococcus pyogenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006481 glucose medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001508813 Clavispora lusitaniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000235035 Debaryomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000239218 Limulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555676 Malassezia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235645 Pichia kudriavzevii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001354013 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003425 Tyrosinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008724 Tyrosinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Description
<グラム陰性細菌高感度化実験>
グラム陰性細菌のサンプルとしてエシェリキア・コリ(IFO3301)、グラム陽性細菌のサンプルとしてバチルス・ズブチルス(IFO3035)、そして真菌のサンプルとしてアスペルギウス・ニガー(IFO6341)を用いて実験を行った。
<そのほかの事項>
本実施の形態では、細胞培養用の培養液中に含まれる微生物の検出方法について説明したが、微生物を検出する対象は細胞培養用の培養液に限定されるものではなく、食品の加工工程で用いられる洗浄水、ジュース、酒類など液体の食品、飲料物、衛生管理される環境中の空気(空気が流通するフィルタ)或いは、半導体用の洗浄水などでも良い。
20 試料濃縮部
22 微生物検出用試験管
23 排液タンク
24 減圧ポンプ
26 フィルタ
28 排出バルブ
30 試薬投入部
40 微生物検出部
42 設置ステージ
44 光源
46 ハーフミラー
47 ミラー
48 受光素子
49 遮光チャンバ
50 恒温槽
60 制御部
70 検出結果出力部
90 グラム陰性細菌
92 ペプチドグリカン
94 外膜
96 内膜(細胞質膜)
100 微生物検出システム
Claims (2)
- 微生物を検出する装置であって、
検出対象から試料を採りこむ試料採取部と、
前記試料採取部にて採りこまれた前記試料に存在する微生物を濾過膜により捕捉して前記試料に存在する前記微生物の密度あるいは濃度を高める濾過手段、該濾過手段により捕捉された前記微生物を培養液によって増殖させる培養手段、該培養手段により増殖させた前記微生物の膜構造を加熱あるいは乾燥により破壊する膜破壊手段より成り前記試料に存在する微生物を濃縮する試料濃縮部と、
前記微生物の存在により色調が変化する成分を有する試薬を前記試料濃縮部にて濃縮された試料に投入する試薬投入部と、
前記試薬投入部にて投入された前記試薬の色調の変化を光学系により検出する微生物検出部と、
前記微生物検出部にて検出された検出結果を出力する検出結果出力部と、
前記試料採取部と前記試料濃縮部と前記試薬投入部と前記微生物検出部と前記検出結果出力部とを制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする微生物検出装置。 - 微生物を検出する方法であって、
検出対象から試料を採りこむ試料採取ステップと、
前記試料採取ステップにて採りこまれた前記試料に存在する微生物を濾過膜により前記微生物を捕捉して微生物の密度あるいは濃度を高める濾過処理、該濾過処理により捕捉された微生物を培養液によって増殖させる培養処理、該培養処理により増殖させた前記微生物の膜構造を加熱あるいは乾燥により破壊する膜破壊処理により前記試料に存在する微生物を濃縮する試料濃縮ステップと、
前記微生物の存在により色調が変化する成分を有する試薬を前記試料濃縮ステップにて濃縮された試料に投入する試薬投入ステップと、
前記試薬投入ステップにて投入された前記試薬の色調の変化を光学系により検出する微生物検出ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする微生物検出方法。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004137319A JP4429069B2 (ja) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | 微生物の検出装置および方法 |
| US11/115,294 US20050250176A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-04-27 | Microorganisms detecting device and method |
| EP05009824.3A EP1593736B1 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-05-04 | Microorganisms detecting device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004137319A JP4429069B2 (ja) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | 微生物の検出装置および方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005318807A JP2005318807A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
| JP4429069B2 true JP4429069B2 (ja) | 2010-03-10 |
Family
ID=34936169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004137319A Expired - Fee Related JP4429069B2 (ja) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | 微生物の検出装置および方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050250176A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1593736B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4429069B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4646716B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-03 | 2011-03-09 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 微生物検出装置及び微生物検出用カセット |
| JP5320915B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-08 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社Ihi | 微生物汚染検出用キット、微生物汚染検出方法、及び汚染源判別方法 |
| US8481302B2 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2013-07-09 | General Electric Company | Total bacteria monitoring system |
| JP5706088B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-06 | 2015-04-22 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | インフルエンザウイルスの検知方法およびインフルエンザウイルスの検知装置 |
| EP3357997A1 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2018-08-08 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) | Integrated filter-holder and microorganism concentration and detection method |
| KR101847130B1 (ko) | 2017-01-04 | 2018-05-28 | 국민대학교산학협력단 | 식품 내 미생물 분리용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 미생물 분리 방법 |
| CN112094735B (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-29 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | 一种用于检验药品中微生物的模拟消化系统装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3756920A (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1973-09-04 | Nasa | In biological samples my measuring light reactions automatic instrument for chemical processing to dedect microorganisms |
| US5420017A (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1995-05-30 | Orion Corporation Ltd. | Method and kit for the detection of microorganisms |
| US5550032A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1996-08-27 | George Mason University | Biological assay for microbial contamination |
| US6599715B1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2003-07-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Real time viability detection of bacterial spores |
| US6372895B1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-04-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorogenic compounds |
| DE60237005D1 (de) * | 2001-02-28 | 2010-08-26 | Bio Merieux Inc | Integrierte filtrations- und detektionsvorrichtung |
| JP2003144193A (ja) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 微生物の検出方法及び装置 |
| WO2004009840A1 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-01-29 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Capture and detection of microbes by membrane methods |
| AU2004220626B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2010-07-29 | Iquum Inc. | Sample processing tubule |
-
2004
- 2004-05-06 JP JP2004137319A patent/JP4429069B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-27 US US11/115,294 patent/US20050250176A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-04 EP EP05009824.3A patent/EP1593736B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1593736A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
| JP2005318807A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
| US20050250176A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
| EP1593736B1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20000048673A (ko) | 세균의 검출방법 및 검출장치 | |
| JP4429069B2 (ja) | 微生物の検出装置および方法 | |
| JP4874008B2 (ja) | 細菌を検出する方法およびその装置 | |
| FR2997703A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement d'au moins un echantillon biologique | |
| CN111289295A (zh) | 一种用于生物反应过程在线取样检测装置及其方法 | |
| EP2789692B1 (en) | Method for measuring cells, and reagent for cell measurement | |
| WO2017154349A1 (ja) | 核酸抽出装置、核酸抽出ユニット及び核酸抽出方法 | |
| JPH0472517B2 (ja) | ||
| CN1726286A (zh) | 鉴定微生物的方法和设备 | |
| CN111289294A (zh) | 一种生物反应过程在线循环取样装置及取样方法 | |
| Mattiasson et al. | Sampling and sample handling—crucial steps in process monitoring and control | |
| CN101943660B (zh) | 一种利用氨肽酶法检测原料奶中嗜冷菌的方法 | |
| KR101135717B1 (ko) | 미생물 활성 측정방법 | |
| CN104988205A (zh) | 一种大肠杆菌的检测方法 | |
| CN105628663B (zh) | 高水分食品杀菌效果的快速检验方法 | |
| FR2732693A1 (fr) | Temoin de revelation de contaminants et procede d'application a la realisation d'un antibiogramme directement effectue sur prelevement | |
| CA2372851A1 (en) | Device and method for monitoring and controlling biologically active fluids | |
| KR101135716B1 (ko) | 미생물 활성 측정장치 | |
| JP2003180395A (ja) | 微生物の検出法 | |
| CN112301140A (zh) | 一种检测微生态活菌制品中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法 | |
| NL1032315C2 (nl) | Regelsysteem voor UV-lampen, alsmede controlesysteem voor het bepalen van de viabiliteit van micro-organismen. | |
| JP7658831B2 (ja) | 微生物迅速検査方法および装置 | |
| CN213623664U (zh) | 医疗废水处理系统 | |
| JP5857430B2 (ja) | 水系への薬注制御方法 | |
| EP0328749A2 (en) | A method and an apparatus for the quantitative determination of micro-organisms or pyrogens |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RD01 | Notification of change of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421 Effective date: 20051227 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20061002 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090818 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091019 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20091117 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20091215 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121225 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 4429069 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121225 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121225 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121225 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131225 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| S533 | Written request for registration of change of name |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |