JP4010979B2 - Wind instruments and whistles - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wind instrument and a whistle that can obtain a sound that is excellent in terms of audibility even when a synthetic resin material or wood that has been downgraded in terms of material is used as a material of a body serving as a sound source.
[0002]
[Prior art]
According to the classification of Erich Hornbostel and Kurt Sachs, the instruments are "sound instruments", "sound instruments", "membrane instruments", "string instruments" and "electric instruments or mechanical instruments". Divided. Most of these musical instruments have a tubular or container-like body that occupies a certain volume and serves as a sound source by air vibration.
[0003]
Among these instruments, non-metallic instruments, especially the torso that is the sound source, have been made with highly skilled technology using natural materials such as wood and bamboo since ancient times, and thus produced in this way. The instrument played is very expensive. For this reason, it has been difficult for beginners to easily purchase for practice or to use as a teaching material.
[0004]
For such an expensive instrument, an instrument that can be easily manufactured using a readily available downgraded material, and therefore can be provided at low cost is known. For example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3 as Shakuhachi, which is a kind of wind instrument included in a whistle musical instrument, “Shakuhachi” using a synthetic resin-made extruded tube as the body, and “PVC pipe Shakuhachi using a PVC pipe Furthermore, “Mini Shakuhachi” using hard wood is disclosed.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-102183 [Patent Document 2]
Utility Model Registration No. 3090632 [Patent Document 3]
Utility Model Registration No. 3079801 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, with the above-mentioned conventional synthetic resin or shakuhachi with a wooden tube as the body, it is possible to adjust the temperament and pitch appropriately. There was a problem that the above sound, that is, tone color, tone quality, richness of sound, expressiveness of sound, was much inferior to so-called “real”. In short, when the body of a non-metallic musical instrument is formed of inexpensive synthetic resin material or wood, there is a problem that it may be far from the original sound.
[0007]
This point is a non-metallic body of any of the above-mentioned “body instrument”, “sound instrument”, “membrane instrument”, “string instrument”, and “electric instrument or mechanical instrument”. However, it can be easily estimated that similar problems may occur when the synthetic resin material or wood is downgraded.
[0008]
The present invention was devised in view of the above-described conventional problems, and even if a synthetic resin material or wood downgraded in terms of material is used as a material of a body serving as a sound source, an excellent sound can be obtained. The aim is to provide wind instruments and whistles .
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The wind instrument according to the present invention is characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a hard layer having a hardness higher than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin paint on the outer periphery of the body. And The non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material.
[0010]
On the other hand, in the wind instrument according to the present invention, a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a rigid layer having an elastic coefficient smaller than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin paint on the outer periphery of the body. It is characterized by that. The non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material.
[0011]
The whistle according to the present invention is characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a hard layer having a hardness higher than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin paint on the outer periphery of the body. And The non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material.
[0012]
On the other hand, in the whistle according to the present invention, the body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a rigid layer having a smaller elastic coefficient than the elastic coefficient of the body is formed on the outer periphery of the body by a synthetic resin paint. It is characterized by that. The non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material.
[0013]
In the wind instrument or flute according to the present invention, for example, a hard layer having a hardness higher than that of a body formed of a non-metallic material such as wood or a synthetic resin material is formed on the outer periphery of the body. By changing the vibration characteristics of the fuselage, it is possible to improve the sound emitted from the wind instrument or the whistle , and it is possible to obtain a sound that is excellent in audibility.
[0014]
On the other hand, in the wind instrument or whistle according to the present invention, a rigid layer having a smaller elastic coefficient than that of a body made of a non-metallic material such as wood or a synthetic resin material is formed on the outer periphery of the body. Thus, it is possible to improve the sound emitted from the wind instrument or the whistle by changing the vibration characteristics of the body, and to obtain a sound that is excellent in audibility.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a wind instrument and a flute according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this embodiment, a shakuhachi that is a kind of whistle included in a wind instrument will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 1, the shakuhachi 1 is formed into a hollow cylindrical body with a body 2 formed into a hollow pipe shape by a hard synthetic resin material such as vinyl chloride, and a larger outer diameter than the body 2, It is comprised from the synthetic resin singing part 3 provided in the end of the trunk | drum 2. FIG. Four fingering hole portions 4 are formed on the upper surface of the body 2 at appropriate intervals in the length direction, and one fingering hole portion 5 is formed at an appropriate position on the lower surface. The sung part 3 is formed with a singer 6 as an exhalation blowing part.
[0016]
The shakuhachi 1 made of synthetic resin is similar to the original bamboo made by the performer, when the performer collides the exhaled air between the upper and lower lips as a stick-like air stream on the singing lip 6, A sound is generated by being split at the mouth 6, and a sound of a desired scale can be obtained by opening and closing the fingering holes 4 and 5 appropriately.
[0017]
In particular, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a hard layer 7 having a hardness higher than the hardness of the body 2 is formed at least on the outer periphery of the body 2. Alternatively, the rigid layer 7 having an elastic coefficient smaller than that of the body 2 is formed.
[0018]
The present inventor examined the reason why the sound of a whistle such as a shakuhachi is different between bamboo and synthetic resin. The following are known for bamboo. Many bamboos are mainly made up of cocoons with many nodes, and the spaces between the nodes are hollow. And in the outer layer, middle layer, and inner layer of the heel part at every internode, the vascular bundle stretches variously by the partition wall inside the heel at the node position, making the heel structure complicated, and at the same time making the heel hard and strong. Many vascular bundles are gathered especially on the outer skin side, and the degree of hardness is harder in the outer layer closer to the outer skin. Furthermore, a kite of about one year is flexible and makes a muddy sound when it is struck, but a hard kite after 4 to 5 years emits a clear sound. While natural bamboo is structurally different in hardness between the inner and outer layers, it can be said that the cross section of a mere synthetic resin body is almost uniform unless special measures are taken.
[0019]
As a result of intensive research based on such knowledge, the present inventor found that the bamboo cocoon, that is, the circular cross section of the bamboo shakuhachi, on the outer skin side compared to the inner peripheral surface side of the cocoon. The hardness of a certain outer peripheral surface is high or the elastic coefficient is small, and the different hardness or elastic coefficient of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface has some influence on the vibration characteristics of the generated sound. In other words, the tone and quality of bamboo-like flute, richness of sound, and expressiveness of sound are obtained, but the body made of a simple synthetic resin vibrates as a single body when sound is emitted, For this reason, it came to the conclusion that it can be presumed that only a monotonous tone color can be obtained, and found the above configuration.
[0020]
When the hard layer 7 or the rigid layer 7 is formed, first, in order to reinforce the fixing power of the coating material for forming the hard layer 7 or the rigid layer 7, the outer surface of the synthetic resin body 2 is focused on. Perform the surface treatment for vanishing. Next, in order to further enhance the fixing power of the coating agent, primer treatment is performed as necessary, and then a fixing agent layer is formed. Next, the hard layer 7 or a coating agent for forming the rigid layer 7 is applied. As the coating agent, a synthetic resin paint mixed with a curing agent and added with a solvent is used. A colorant may be added to the coating agent.
[0021]
Thereafter, in order to protect the hard layer 7 or the rigid layer 7 and improve the aesthetic appearance, a finish layer is formed on the layer 7. It is preferable to allow sufficient drying time between the fixing agent layer forming step, the hard layer 7 or rigid layer 7 forming step with the coating agent, and the finishing agent layer forming step. A drying heater may be used for drying.
[0022]
In this way, on the outer periphery of the body 2 made of synthetic resin, a coating comprising the hard layer 7 having a higher hardness than the body 2 or the rigid layer 7 having a small elastic modulus, and in addition to this, a fixing agent layer and a finishing agent layer. By forming a layer 7, that is, not simply coloring or surface finishing, but forming a layer 7 that can change the hardness or elastic modulus of the outer surface of the body 2, a synthetic resin inside the layer 7 is made. By appropriately changing the vibration characteristics inherent to the body 2 of the body, it is possible to improve the tone and quality of the sound emitted from the shakuhachi 1 made of synthetic resin, the richness of the sound, and the expressiveness of the sound. .
[0023]
【Example】
Next, the experimental result is demonstrated about an example of the wind instrument or flute concerning the said embodiment. In this experiment, three types of shakuhachi were used: a shakuhachi made of bamboo, a shakuhachi made of conventional vinyl chloride, and a shakuhachi according to this example.
[0024]
The shakuhachi according to this example was manufactured as follows. The outer periphery of a conventional vinyl chloride shakuhachi body was paper-coated with sandpaper of # 600 to 800, and a surface treatment for roughening the surface was performed. This surface treatment reduced the body thickness by about 0.1 mm. Next, a primer was applied to the outer periphery of the body, and the fixing agent was applied twice or three times to form a fixing agent layer. As the fixing agent, a synthetic resin enamel paint belonging to the first petroleums containing 10 to 20% xylene, 5 to 10% toluene, and 5 to 10% butyl acetate was used. As a result, a 0.1 to 0.15 mm first layer (fixing agent layer) mainly composed of a modified polyolefin resin and a primer was formed on the outer periphery of the body.
[0025]
Then, the coating agent which forms a hard layer or a rigid layer on the 1st layer was applied twice or three times, and the coating agent layer was formed. This coating agent is a mixture of a synthetic resin enamel paint containing a pigment and a curing agent in a ratio of 10: 1, mixed with metal stays used for so-called pearl coating or metallic coating, and the total amount of the coating agent. It is prepared by adding paint thinner at a rate of 20 to 40% (adjusted according to the temperature).
[0026]
As the synthetic resin enamel paint, one belonging to the first petroleums containing 10 to 20% xylene, 30 to 40% toluene, and 5 to 20% butyl acetate was used. Further, as a curing agent, a synthetic resin clear-acrylic urethane paint belonging to the first petroleums containing 10 to 20% ethyl acetate and 5 to 10% butyl acetate was used. Various pigments such as white, red, black, and blue may be used as the pigment. As the paint thinner, one belonging to the second petroleum group containing xylene 50 to 60%, toluene 5 to 10%, and butyl acetate 5 to 10% was used. Thereby, a 0.1-0.15 mm 2nd layer (coating material layer) was formed on the 1st layer.
[0027]
Finally, a finishing agent layer was formed by applying the finishing agent two or three times on the second layer. As the finishing agent, a synthetic resin clear-acrylic urethane paint belonging to the first petroleums containing 20 to 30% xylene and 30 to 40% toluene was used. Thereby, a 0.1 to 0.15 mm third layer (finishing agent layer) was formed on the second layer. In this way, a coating layer of 0.3 to 0.45 mm composed of three layers having different compositions including a hard layer or a rigid layer was formed on the outer periphery of the synthetic resin body.
[0028]
Then, in order to examine the three kinds of shakuhachi including the shakuhachi according to the present embodiment formed in this way in relation to the timbre, the anechoic chamber (the background noise level is 10 dB ( 1 kHz) or less), spectrum analysis was performed by the following measuring method using the following measuring device or the like. A B & K 4134 type microphone, a B & K 2669B type preamplifier, and a B & K 5935 type power source having a frequency characteristic of 4 to 20 kHz and a dynamic range of 21 to 160 dB were used for the measuring apparatus. The recording device used was a DAT manufactured by Sony, and was digitally recorded at a sampling frequency of 16 bits and 48 kHz. The acoustic analysis was performed on a personal computer using “Audigy (trade name)” as the voice interface.
[0029]
As a measuring method, Otoro and Kohi (name of Shakuhachi Koto-style) were each blindfolded so that one professional performer did not know which shakuhachi was playing. The performance was performed three times, and the analysis was performed on the second performance of each sound. Here, the Otoro sound and the Kohi sound are sounds that represent the low and high frequencies, respectively, when the shakuhachi is played in a normal manner.
[0030]
The analysis results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are the acoustic spectra of the bamboo shakuhachi Otoro and Kohi, respectively, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are respectively the vinyl chloride shakuhachi formed with the hard layer or the rigid layer according to this embodiment. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the acoustic spectra of the conventional mere vinyl chloride shakuhachi Otoro and Kohi, respectively.
[0031]
Comparing the bamboo shakuhachi and the conventional vinyl chloride shakuhachi, both the Otoro and Kouhito sounds have the conventional ones made of bamboo as a whole, except for certain specific frequencies. Compared with the lack of sharpness in the spectrum, the change in the sound pressure level before and after the peak is slight, and the change in the sound pressure level is monotonous even in the entire frequency range, and the harmonic structure is different. Also, it was recognized that the number of overtone components was small. For this reason, it is clearly understood as a measurement value that the tone color is monotonous and therefore inferior in terms of richness of sound and expressiveness of sound.
[0032]
On the other hand, when the measurement value of the shakuhachi according to the present example in which a hard layer or a rigid layer was formed was examined, both in the Otoro sound and the Kohi sound, as in the case of bamboo, the entire frequency range In addition to the sharp peaks in the spectrum, the change in the sound pressure level before and after the peak is also remarkable, and there is also a clear change in the sound pressure level as a whole. It was found that the number of ingredients was as high as bamboo. Therefore, the shakuhachi timbre of this example is closer to the bamboo shakuhachi than the conventional PVC shakuhachi, and therefore, it can achieve excellent improvement in sound richness and sound expression. ing.
[0033]
In the above embodiment, the case where the hard layer 7 or the rigid layer 7 is formed on the outer periphery of the body made of synthetic resin, for example, the body 2 of the shakuhachi 1, has been described as an example. Even if a whistle using a made torso is inferior in timbre, it is possible to easily change its vibration characteristics by forming a hard layer or rigid layer on the outer periphery of the torso, It is possible to improve the sound quality.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
In short, in the wind instrument or whistle according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a sound that is excellent in audibility even when a synthetic resin material or wood that has been downgraded in terms of material is used as the material of the body serving as a sound source.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a shakuhachi showing a preferred embodiment of a wind instrument or whistle according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the shakuhachi of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an acoustic spectrum of a conventional bamboo shakuhachi otoro sound.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the acoustic spectrum of a traditional bamboo shakuhachi instep sound.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an acoustic spectrum of the shakuhachi Otoro sound of FIG. 1, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an acoustic spectrum of the shakuhachi Kouhito of FIG. 1 which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an acoustic spectrum of a conventional vinyl chloride shakuhachi Otoro sound.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing an acoustic spectrum of a conventional vinyl chloride shakuhachi instep sound.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shakuhachi 2 Synthetic resin cylinder 4,5 Fingering hole part 6 Song mouth 7 Hard layer or rigid layer

Claims (8)

A wind instrument characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a hard layer having a hardness higher than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin coating on the outer periphery of the body. The wind instrument according to claim 1, wherein the non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material. A wind instrument characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a rigid layer having an elastic coefficient smaller than the elastic coefficient of the body is formed by a synthetic resin paint on the outer periphery of the body. The wind instrument according to claim 3, wherein the non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material. A whistle characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a hard layer having a hardness higher than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin coating on the outer periphery of the body. The whistle according to claim 5, wherein the non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material. A whistle characterized in that a body that emits air vibrations is formed of a non-metallic material, and a rigid layer having an elastic coefficient smaller than that of the body is formed by a synthetic resin coating around the outer periphery of the body. The whistle according to claim 7, wherein the non-metallic material is a synthetic resin material.

Images