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JP4008751B2 - Rice paste fertilizer - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4008751B2
JP4008751B2 JP2002146690A JP2002146690A JP4008751B2 JP 4008751 B2 JP4008751 B2 JP 4008751B2 JP 2002146690 A JP2002146690 A JP 2002146690A JP 2002146690 A JP2002146690 A JP 2002146690A JP 4008751 B2 JP4008751 B2 JP 4008751B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
paste
paddy rice
mass
growth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002146690A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003335597A (en
Inventor
馬頭康秀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taki Chemical Co Ltd
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Taki Chemical Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Priority to JP2002146690A priority Critical patent/JP4008751B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はペースト肥料、特に水稲の初期生育に有効な水稲用ペースト肥料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ペースト肥料は固体肥料と液体肥料の中間的性状を有し、施肥機の開発・改良、肥料の物性改善等により、肥料が灌水された水田の土壌中の所定位置に所定量確実に施用できるようになったことから、環境保全あるいは農家の省力化要請等と相俟って水稲においてその使用量は年々増加している。
【0003】
ところで、全国的に水稲苗の移植時期は早まる傾向にあり、一般的にペースト肥料を使用して側条施肥田植を行った場合、初期生育が促進されるといわれている。しかしながら、現在市販されているペースト肥料は、現在各地で行われているほど早期に水稲苗を移植することを考えて設計・製造された肥料ではない。従って早植えすればするほど低水温などの気象条件が水稲の生育に適さなくなり、生育が抑制されるという問題が生じている。また、ある場合には生育が停滞することさえある。このような場合、出穂時期などがずれて穂肥の適期を間違えることも起こっている。
【0004】
市販されているペースト肥料を使用した場合、例えば通常の移植時期より1週間早く移植しても、出穂日および成熟日はほんの2〜3日程度しか早まらず、早期移植・早期収穫の利点を活かすことができない。また、請負農家にとっては、請負各水田圃場の移植時期をずらして収穫時期を分散させようとしても収穫期がほぼ同じ時期になり、移植の分散効果がなく収穫期の集中により労働負担が大きくなっている。
【0005】
このような現状が把握されているにも拘わらず、水稲の生育を促進させるペースト肥料の開発が行われなかった主な理由は、高成分ペースト肥料を製造する場合、肥料原料として高成分のものを使用せざるを得なかったため、肥料原料が尿素(TN 46%)、りん酸アンモニウム(P25 46〜51%)、塩化加里(K2O 60%以上)など何種類かに限定され、画一化されていたこと、ペースト肥料の粘度などの性状および保存中の結晶発生あるいは輸送中の相分離がないことなど特に品質が重要視されていたこと、移植時期の気象条件と作物の養分吸収等が考慮された肥料の成分比でなかったことなどである。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明者らは植物生理、気象条件、肥料の成分バランス、特に肥料成分に注目して種々検討を重ねた結果本発明を完成したものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は下記(1)〜(3)の要件を満足する水稲用ペースト肥料に関する。
(1)AN/TN(質量比)=0.3〜0.6(但し、ANおよびTNはそれぞれ肥料公定規格に記載されるアンモニア性窒素及び窒素全量を示す。)
(2)硫黄粉末(S)/TN(質量比)=0.03〜1.50
(3)TNとして10質量%以上、りん酸、加里をP25、K2Oとしてそれぞれ8質量%以上含有し且つ合計量が30〜40質量%
本発明の優れた効果は、気象条件が水稲の最適生育条件から少しずれていても水稲の生育を促進できることである。
【0008】
本発明の効果発現については定かでないが、現在市販されているペースト肥料を用いて早期側条施肥田植えを行っても、低水温による根の活着の遅延などによって水稲苗の生育抑制、生育停滞が起こる。その生育抑制期間、あるいは生育停滞期間は気象条件等によって変わるが、おおよそ7〜14日程度続く。
【0009】
しかしながら、上記(1)〜(3)の要件を満足する肥料、即ち本発明水稲用ペースト肥料を用いると、移植時期の低水温にも拘わらず、また機械移植時の植え傷みなどがあった場合に於いても、生育が速やかに始まり炭酸同化作用によって茎葉部が充実する。そのため生育が促進され、出穂日、成熟日も早くなる。この現象は本発明水稲用ペースト肥料の成分バランスおよび選択成分が水稲の生育、特に初期生育に最も適した形になっているためと推定される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳記する。
本発明水稲用ペースト肥料の製造に使用する窒素、りん酸、加里、その他の原料としては、特に制限されるものではなく、通常肥料原料として利用されるものを使用することができる。例えば、塩安、硫安、硝安、りん安、尿素、りん酸、硫酸加里、塩化加里、苛性加里、硫酸苦土、骨粉、各種発酵廃液、油粕などである。また、これらとともに必要に応じて、硼素、マンガン、鉄などの微量要素を使用することもできる。
【0011】
次に本発明水稲用ペースト肥料の製造方法について言えば、周知の各種ペースト肥料の製造方法を踏襲すれば良く、格別変わるところはない。例えば反応槽に水と所望成分濃度になるように窒素、りん酸、加里原料および硫黄粉末を投入する。硫黄粉末としては、粉末硫黄またはこれを水に分散しゾル化した市販の硫黄ゾルを使用することができる。また、必要に応じ微量要素を投入する。
【0012】
次いで、よく撹拌し、望ましくは湿式粉砕する。湿式粉砕に際しては、通常のボールミル等を使用すればよい。ペースト肥料の粘度調節剤あるいは相分離防止剤として、澱粉、糖蜜、アルコール発酵副産物、ベントナイト、CMC、ポリエチレングリコールなどを使用することもできる。尚、本発明の対象とするペースト肥料の粘度は特に限定されないが、一般的に言えば300〜3000cpである。
【0013】
さて、次に、本発明の骨子である水稲用ペースト肥料の製品組成について言えば、
(1)AN/TN(質量比)=0.3〜0.6(但し、AN及びTNはそれぞれ肥料公定規格に記載するアンモニア性窒素及び窒素全量を示す。)
(2)硫黄粉末(S)/TN(質量比)=0.03〜1.50
(3)TNとして10質量%以上、りん酸、加里をP25、K2Oとしてそれぞれ8質量%以上含有し且つその合計量が30〜40質量%
であることである。即ち、上記の範囲から逸脱すると水稲の生育を促進する効果を期待できない。
【0014】
以上詳記したような方法により、本発明によれば極めて容易に、また極めて経済的に水稲の生育促進をはかることができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を掲げて更に説明するが、特に断らない限り、%は全て質量%を示す。
【0016】
(実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2)
所定量の水に略下表1の製品分析値となるように尿素、硫黄粉末、塩安、りん安、りん酸、塩加、苛性加里、アミノ酸発酵廃液を加え、よく撹拌した後、ボールミルを用いて湿式粉砕し、表1の各種ペースト肥料を製造した。このペースト肥料を水稲の栽培試験に使用した。尚、水稲苗移植には、側条ペースト肥料施肥田植機を使用した。施肥量は窒素として3.0kg/10aとした。表1にペースト肥料製品分析値を、表2、表3に水稲の生育状態の調査結果を示す。
1.水稲栽培条件
品 種:キヌヒカリ
移植日:4月25日
追 肥:出穂20日前と10日前に実施例、比較例のどちらも窒素として2kg(/10a)の肥料を追肥として施用した。
なお、草丈、茎数は20株平均の数値とした。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004008751
【0018】
【表2】
Figure 0004008751
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0004008751
【0020】
表1の結果から明らかなように、比較例1においてはAN/TN比が本発明の範囲を逸脱しており、比較例2においては硫黄粉末の含有量が少ないため、いずれも水稲の出穂日および成熟期が遅れてしまう結果となった。
これに対し、本発明のペースト肥料に於いては水稲の出穂日および成熟期を早めることができる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明ペースト肥料は、現在市販されているペースト肥料に比べて初期生育が促進され出穂日、成熟日も早くなるという優れた効果を有する。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a paste fertilizer, and particularly to a paddy rice paste fertilizer effective for initial growth of paddy rice.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Paste fertilizer has an intermediate property between solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, and it can be applied reliably to a predetermined position in the soil of paddy field where fertilizer is irrigated by development and improvement of fertilizer application, improvement of physical properties of fertilizer, etc. As a result, the amount of rice used in paddy rice has been increasing year by year in conjunction with environmental conservation and farmer labor-saving requests.
[0003]
By the way, the transplanting time of paddy rice seedlings tends to be advanced nationwide, and it is generally said that the initial growth is promoted when side row fertilized rice field planting is performed using paste fertilizer. However, paste fertilizers currently on the market are not fertilizers designed and manufactured considering transplanting paddy rice seedlings at an early stage as is currently done in various places. Therefore, there is a problem that the earlier the plants are planted, the more the weather conditions such as the low water temperature are not suitable for the growth of paddy rice. In some cases, growth may even be stagnant. In such a case, the heading time etc. shifts and the suitable time of the panicle is mistaken.
[0004]
When using a commercially available paste fertilizer, for example, even if transplanted one week earlier than the normal transplanting time, the heading date and the maturity date are only about 2-3 days earlier, taking advantage of the early transplanting and early harvesting I can't. In addition, for contracted farmers, even if it is attempted to disperse the harvesting time by shifting the transplanting time of each paddy field, the harvesting time will be almost the same, and there will be no effect of dispersion of transplanting and the labor burden will increase due to concentration of the harvesting time. ing.
[0005]
Despite the fact that the current situation is known, the main reason why the development of paste fertilizer that promotes the growth of paddy rice has not been carried out is that when producing high-component paste fertilizer, Therefore, fertilizer raw materials are limited to several types, such as urea (TN 46%), ammonium phosphate (P 2 O 5 46-51%), and potassium chloride (K 2 O 60% or more). The quality of the paste fertilizer, such as the viscosity of the paste fertilizer and the absence of crystal formation during storage or phase separation during transport, and the weather conditions and crop conditions at the time of transplantation. This is because the ratio of fertilizer was not taken into account, such as nutrient absorption.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, the present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of various studies focusing on plant physiology, weather conditions, and fertilizer component balance, particularly fertilizer components.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to a paddy rice paste fertilizer that satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3).
(1) AN / TN (mass ratio) = 0.3 to 0.6 (however, AN and TN represent ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen total amount described in the fertilizer official standard, respectively).
(2) Sulfur powder (S) / TN (mass ratio) = 0.03 to 1.50
(3) 10% by mass or more as TN, 8% by mass or more of phosphoric acid and potassium as P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, respectively, and the total amount is 30 to 40% by mass
The excellent effect of the present invention is that the growth of paddy rice can be promoted even if the weather conditions are slightly different from the optimum growth conditions of paddy rice.
[0008]
Although it is not clear about the expression of the effect of the present invention, even when early side-row fertilized rice field planting is performed using paste fertilizers that are currently marketed, the growth of rice seedlings is suppressed due to delay in root establishment due to low water temperature, etc. Occur. The growth suppression period or growth stagnation period varies depending on weather conditions and the like, but lasts approximately 7 to 14 days.
[0009]
However, when the fertilizer satisfying the above requirements (1) to (3), that is, the paste fertilizer for paddy rice of the present invention is used, there is a planting damage at the time of machine transplantation, regardless of the low water temperature at the time of transplantation. Even in Japan, growth begins quickly and the foliage is enriched by carbon dioxide assimilation. Therefore, growth is promoted, and the heading date and maturity date are also accelerated. This phenomenon is presumed to be because the component balance and selected components of the paddy rice fertilizer of the present invention are most suitable for the growth of paddy rice, particularly the initial growth.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, and other raw materials used in the production of the paddy rice fertilizer of the present invention are not particularly limited, and those normally used as fertilizer raw materials can be used. For example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, urea, phosphoric acid, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, caustic potassium, sulfuric acid bitter soil, bone meal, various fermentation waste liquids, oil cakes and the like. Along with these, trace elements such as boron, manganese, and iron can be used as necessary.
[0011]
Next, regarding the method for producing the paste fertilizer for paddy rice of the present invention, it is sufficient to follow the known methods for producing paste fertilizer, and there is no particular change. For example, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium raw materials, and sulfur powder are introduced into the reaction vessel so that water and a desired component concentration are obtained. As the sulfur powder, powdered sulfur or a commercially available sulfur sol obtained by dispersing this in water and forming a sol can be used. In addition, trace elements are added as necessary.
[0012]
It is then stirred well and desirably wet milled. A normal ball mill or the like may be used for wet pulverization. Starch, molasses, alcohol fermentation by-products, bentonite, CMC, polyethylene glycol, and the like can also be used as a viscosity modifier or phase separation inhibitor for paste fertilizer. In addition, although the viscosity of the paste fertilizer made into the object of this invention is not specifically limited, Generally speaking, it is 300-3000 cp.
[0013]
Now, next, regarding the product composition of the paste fertilizer for paddy rice which is the gist of the present invention,
(1) AN / TN (mass ratio) = 0.3 to 0.6 (however, AN and TN respectively represent ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen total amount described in the fertilizer official standard)
(2) Sulfur powder (S) / TN (mass ratio) = 0.03 to 1.50
(3) TN contains 10% by mass or more, phosphoric acid and potassium as P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, each containing 8% by mass or more, and the total amount is 30 to 40% by mass
It is to be. That is, if it deviates from the above range, it cannot be expected to promote the growth of rice.
[0014]
According to the method described in detail above, according to the present invention, the growth of rice can be promoted very easily and economically.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be further described, and unless otherwise specified, all percentages are% by mass.
[0016]
(Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-2)
Add urea, sulfur powder, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, salted salt, caustic potassium, and amino acid fermentation waste solution to a predetermined amount of water as shown in Table 1 below. The various paste fertilizers shown in Table 1 were produced by wet pulverization. This paste fertilizer was used for the cultivation test of paddy rice. For transplanting rice seedlings, a side strip paste fertilizer fertilizer planting machine was used. The amount of fertilizer applied was 3.0 kg / 10a as nitrogen. Table 1 shows the analysis values of the paste fertilizer product, and Tables 2 and 3 show the results of investigation on the growth state of paddy rice.
1. Conditioned Rice Cultivation Species: Kinuhikari Transplantation Date: April 25 Additional Fertilizer: 20 kg before heading and 10 days before heading, both of the Examples and Comparative Examples were applied with 2 kg (/ 10a) of fertilizer as additional fertilizer.
The plant height and the number of stems were the average values of 20 strains.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004008751
[0018]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004008751
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004008751
[0020]
As is clear from the results in Table 1, the AN / TN ratio in Comparative Example 1 deviates from the scope of the present invention, and in Comparative Example 2, the content of sulfur powder is low, so both are the heading date of paddy rice. As a result, the mature period was delayed.
On the other hand, in the paste fertilizer of the present invention, the heading date and the maturity stage of paddy rice can be accelerated.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The paste fertilizer of the present invention has an excellent effect that the initial growth is promoted and the heading date and the maturation date are earlier than those of paste fertilizers currently on the market.

Claims (1)

下記(1)〜(3)の要件を満足する水稲用ペースト肥料。
(1)AN/TN(質量比)=0.3〜0.6(但し、AN及びTNはそれぞれ肥料公定規格に記載するアンモニア性窒素及び窒素全量を示す。)
(2)硫黄粉末(S)/TN(質量比)=0.03〜1.50
(3)TNとして10質量%以上、りん酸、加里をP25、K2Oとしてそれぞれ8質量%以上含有し且つその合計量が30〜40質量%
A paste fertilizer for paddy rice that satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3).
(1) AN / TN (mass ratio) = 0.3 to 0.6 (however, AN and TN respectively represent ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen total amount described in the fertilizer official standard)
(2) Sulfur powder (S) / TN (mass ratio) = 0.03 to 1.50
(3) TN contains 10% by mass or more, phosphoric acid and potassium as P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, each containing 8% by mass or more, and the total amount is 30 to 40% by mass
JP2002146690A 2002-05-21 2002-05-21 Rice paste fertilizer Expired - Fee Related JP4008751B2 (en)

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JP4008751B2 true JP4008751B2 (en) 2007-11-14

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118679929A (en) * 2024-08-26 2024-09-24 海南大学三亚南繁研究院 A fertilization method for synergistically improving rice yield and nutritional quality

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