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JP4096062B2 - Lumen organ gripping actuator and apparatus for monitoring changes in the diameter of the lumen organ using the same - Google Patents

Lumen organ gripping actuator and apparatus for monitoring changes in the diameter of the lumen organ using the same Download PDF

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JP4096062B2
JP4096062B2 JP2004236772A JP2004236772A JP4096062B2 JP 4096062 B2 JP4096062 B2 JP 4096062B2 JP 2004236772 A JP2004236772 A JP 2004236772A JP 2004236772 A JP2004236772 A JP 2004236772A JP 4096062 B2 JP4096062 B2 JP 4096062B2
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thin film
organ
shape memory
lumen
lumen organ
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JP2006051286A (en
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英司 牧野
哲 藤
賢一 広田
卓 菅原
隆行 柴田
圭一 山田
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Hirosaki University NUC
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Description

本発明は、外科手術を行った際の血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視するためなどに有用な管腔器官把持アクチュエータおよびこれを用いた管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a lumen organ grasping actuator useful for monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus generation in a blood vessel anastomosis during surgical operation, and to monitor changes in the diameter of a lumen organ using the same. Relates to the device.

外科手術を行った際、血管吻合部に血栓が発生しやすいことはよく知られた事実である。血管吻合部に発生した血栓は、血流の遮断を引き起こし、時には細胞の壊死といった事態を招く。従って、血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視することで、血栓が発生した場合には早期にそれを発見し、血栓溶解剤を投与するなどして処置を施すことは非常に重要である。血管吻合部における血栓の発生は、手術後24時間以内に起こりやすく、その後の発生率は激減するので、看護師は、手術直後から少なくとも24時間は、血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視する必要がある。しかしながら、現在のところ、血管吻合部における血栓の発生を簡易、迅速かつ正確に検知する方法が存在しないことから、看護師は、血栓の発生に起因する患者の容態変化がないかどうかを注意深く観察することで対処しているのが実態である。   It is a well-known fact that blood clots tend to occur at the vascular anastomosis when surgical operations are performed. A thrombus generated in a vascular anastomosis causes blood flow to be interrupted, and sometimes causes necrosis of cells. Therefore, by monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus at the vascular anastomosis, it is very important to detect the thrombus early and to treat it by administering a thrombolytic agent. . Thrombus formation at the vascular anastomosis is likely to occur within 24 hours after the operation, and the subsequent incidence rate is drastically reduced. Therefore, the nurse monitors the occurrence of thrombus at the vascular anastomosis at least for 24 hours immediately after the operation. There is a need to. At present, however, there is no simple, quick and accurate method for detecting thrombus development at the vascular anastomosis, so nurses carefully observe whether there is any change in the patient's condition due to thrombus development. It is the actual situation that is addressed by doing.

以上のような背景のもと、血管吻合部における血栓の発生を簡易、迅速かつ正確に検知するとともに、看護師の負担軽減を図るべく、血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を、ドップラープローブセンサを用いて監視する方法や、レーザ計測装置を用いて監視する方法が提案されている。
前者のドップラープローブセンサを用いて血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視する方法は、例えば、図4のようにして、プローブから血管内に超音波を発振し、その反射波を電気信号に変換して周波数の変化をドップラー現象として計算することで、血流の流速を測定することができるセンサを用い、血流の流速の変化の有無(血栓が発生した場合にはその近辺において血流の流速が低下する)から血栓の発生の有無を監視するものである(必要であれば非特許文献1や非特許文献2を参照のこと)。
後者のレーザ計測装置を用いて血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視する方法は、近赤外レーザを血管に照射してその透過光をフォトカウンタで受光すると、血栓が存在する部位の血球成分は、血栓が存在しない部位の血球成分と異なるため、両部位の間には光吸収特性や光散乱特性に違いを生じるので、その違いが透過光量の違いになって現れる現象を利用して血栓の発生の有無を監視するものである(必要であれば非特許文献3を参照のこと)。
Anilkumar K Reddy, George E Taffet, Sridhar Madala, Lloyd H Michael, Mark L Entman, and Craig J Hartley :" Noninvasive blood pressure measurement in mice using pulsed Doppler ultrasound ", Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 29 (2003) 379-385 Reza Tabrizchi, Michael K Pugsley :" Methods of blood flow measurement in the arterial circulatory system ", Journal of Pharmacological Methods 44 (2000) 375-384 古口晴敏、山海嘉之、榛沢和彦「微小血栓(栓子)検出におけるレーザー計測の有効性の検討」第3回日本栓子検出と治療研究会予稿集pp.56-57(2000.12)
Based on the background described above, the Doppler probe sensor detects the presence or absence of thrombus at the vascular anastomosis in order to detect the thrombus at the vascular anastomosis easily, quickly and accurately and to reduce the burden on the nurse. There have been proposed a method of monitoring using a laser and a method of monitoring using a laser measuring device.
For example, the former method of monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus in the vascular anastomosis using the Doppler probe sensor oscillates an ultrasonic wave from the probe into the blood vessel as shown in FIG. By using a sensor that can measure the flow velocity of blood flow by converting the frequency change as a Doppler phenomenon, whether there is a change in the blood flow velocity (if a thrombus has occurred, Therefore, the presence or absence of thrombus is monitored (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 if necessary).
The latter method of monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus in the vascular anastomosis using the laser measuring device is that the blood cell of the site where the thrombus is present when the blood is irradiated with a near infrared laser and the transmitted light is received by a photocounter Since the component is different from the blood cell component of the site where the thrombus does not exist, there is a difference in light absorption characteristics and light scattering characteristics between the two parts, so use the phenomenon that the difference appears as a difference in the amount of transmitted light The presence or absence of thrombus is monitored (see Non-Patent Document 3 if necessary).
Anilkumar K Reddy, George E Taffet, Sridhar Madala, Lloyd H Michael, Mark L Entman, and Craig J Hartley: "Noninvasive blood pressure measurement in mice using pulsed Doppler ultrasound", Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 29 (2003) 379-385 Reza Tabrizchi, Michael K Pugsley: "Methods of blood flow measurement in the arterial circulatory system", Journal of Pharmacological Methods 44 (2000) 375-384 Harutoshi Furuguchi, Yoshiyuki Sankai, Kazuhiko Serizawa “Examination of the Effectiveness of Laser Measurement in Detection of Microthrombi (Ombolus)” Proceedings of the 3rd Japan Occlusion Detection and Treatment Study Group pp.56-57 (2000.12)

しかしながら、上記のいずれの方法も、実用上の問題を少なからず抱えていると言わざるを得ない。即ち、ドップラープローブセンサを用いて血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視する方法では、プローブの構造が複雑なので、小型化しようとしても限界があるといった問題、極めて精巧に作製されていなければ、波動が乱されるなどするので正確な測定ができないといった問題、センサの形状が円筒形であるので、血管への取り付けや取り外しが容易ではないことから、作業に熟練を要するとともに、その際に患者に侵襲を与えることになるといった問題などがある。また、レーザ計測装置を用いて血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を監視する方法では、光学系を含む装置が大型化するといった問題や、レーザ照射の位置合わせが難しいといった問題などがある。
そこで本発明は、外科手術を行った際の血管吻合部における血栓の発生を、患者に侵襲を与えるといったことなく、簡易、迅速かつ正確に検知することで、必要に応じた血栓溶解剤の投与などによる適切な処置を可能なものにするなどといった有用性を有する、管腔器官把持アクチュエータおよびこれを用いた管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置を提供することを目的とする。
However, it must be said that any of the above-mentioned methods has a number of practical problems. That is, in the method of monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus at the vascular anastomosis using a Doppler probe sensor, the structure of the probe is complicated, so there is a limit even if it is attempted to reduce the size, The problem is that accurate measurement cannot be performed because the wave is disturbed, etc., and since the sensor shape is cylindrical, it is not easy to attach to or remove from the blood vessel. There are problems such as invasion. In addition, in the method of monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus at the vascular anastomosis using a laser measuring device, there are problems such as an increase in the size of the device including the optical system, and a problem that alignment of laser irradiation is difficult.
Therefore, the present invention provides a simple, rapid and accurate detection of thrombus generation at the vascular anastomosis at the time of surgery without invasiveness to the patient, and administration of a thrombolytic agent as needed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a luminal organ grasping actuator and a device for monitoring a change in the diameter of the luminal organ using the luminal organ grasping actuator, which have usefulness such as enabling an appropriate treatment by the above.

本発明者らは、上記の点に鑑みて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、形状記憶合金(SMA:Shape Memory Alloy)の薄膜体の表面に、圧電薄膜センサを設けてなる血管把持アクチュエータが、血栓検出センサとして有用であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies in view of the above points, the present inventors have found that a blood vessel grasping actuator in which a piezoelectric thin film sensor is provided on the surface of a thin film body of a shape memory alloy (SMA) is used for thrombus detection. It has been found useful as a sensor, and the present invention has been completed.

即ち、本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータは、請求項1記載の通り、形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように、または、形状回復時に把持していた管腔器官を開放するように、形状記憶させた形状記憶合金薄膜体の表面に、前記形状記憶合金薄膜体が把持した管腔器官の直径の変化を電気信号に変換して検知するための変位薄膜センサを設けてなることを特徴とする。
また、請求項2記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータは、請求項1記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータにおいて、形状記憶合金薄膜体の厚さが1μm〜20μmであることを特徴とする。
また、請求項3記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータは、請求項1または2記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータにおいて、変位薄膜センサが圧電薄膜センサであることを特徴とする。
また、請求項4記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータは、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータにおいて、管腔器官が血管であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置は、請求項5記載の通り、請求項1記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータの変位薄膜センサによって検知した電気信号を、管腔器官把持アクチュエータに接続した解析手段で解析することで、管腔器官の直径の変化を監視することができるようにしてなることを特徴とする。
That is, the luminal organ grasping actuator according to the present invention is shaped so as to grasp the luminal organ at the time of shape recovery, or to release the luminal organ grasped at the time of shape recovery. A displacement thin film sensor is provided on the surface of the memorized shape memory alloy thin film for converting the diameter of the luminal organ held by the shape memory alloy thin film into an electrical signal and detecting it. To do.
A lumen organ grasping actuator according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the lumen organ grasping actuator according to claim 1, the thickness of the shape memory alloy thin film body is 1 μm to 20 μm.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the lumen organ gripping actuator according to the first or second aspect, wherein the displacement thin film sensor is a piezoelectric thin film sensor.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the lumen organ gripping actuator according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the lumen organ is a blood vessel.
An apparatus for monitoring a change in the diameter of a luminal organ according to the present invention, as described in claim 5, provides an electrical signal detected by the displacement thin film sensor of the luminal organ grasping actuator according to claim 1. A change in the diameter of the luminal organ can be monitored by analyzing with an analysis means connected to the organ grasping actuator.

本発明によれば、外科手術を行った際の血管吻合部における血栓の発生を、患者に侵襲を与えるといったことなく、簡易、迅速かつ正確に検知するためなどに有用な管腔器官把持アクチュエータおよびこれを用いた管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置が提供される。   According to the present invention, a luminal organ grasping actuator useful for simply, quickly and accurately detecting the occurrence of a thrombus in a vascular anastomosis during surgical operation without invading a patient, and An apparatus for monitoring changes in the diameter of a luminal organ using this is provided.

図1は、本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータの一例の斜視図である。図1に示す管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように形状記憶させた、フォーク状の端部を備える形状記憶合金薄膜体2と、形状記憶合金薄膜体2のフォーク状の端部の中央のピラーの表面に設けた、形状記憶合金薄膜体2が把持した管腔器官の直径の変化を電気信号に変換して検知するための変位薄膜センサ3とから構成される。符号4は、変位薄膜センサ3によって検知した電気信号を外部に取り出すためのリード線である。   FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a lumen organ grasping actuator of the present invention. The luminal organ grasping actuator 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a shape memory alloy thin film body 2 having a fork-like end portion and a shape memory alloy thin film body 2 that have a shape memorized so as to grasp the luminal organ during shape recovery. Displacement thin film sensor 3 provided on the surface of the pillar at the center of the fork-shaped end portion for converting the diameter of the luminal organ grasped by shape memory alloy thin film body 2 into an electric signal and detecting it. The Reference numeral 4 denotes a lead wire for taking out an electric signal detected by the displacement thin film sensor 3 to the outside.

形状記憶合金薄膜体2を構成する形状記憶合金としては、例えば、TiNiCu合金が挙げられる。形状記憶合金薄膜体2は、例えば、蒸着原料としてTiNiCu合金のペレットを用いて真空蒸着処理を行うことで、厚さ5μm〜20μmの銅基板の表面に、所望する厚さ(アクチュエータとしての取り扱いの容易性に鑑みれば1μm〜20μmが好ましい)のTiNiCu合金薄膜を形成した後、フォトリソグラフィを行って薄膜を所定の形状にパターニングし、次いで硝酸を用いて銅基板を溶解して薄膜を自立させ、最後に薄膜を加熱することで形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように図1に示すような形状で形状記憶熱処理を行って得ることができる。真空蒸着処理と形状記憶熱処理は、1×10-3Pa以下の減圧下で、真空蒸着処理は基板温度を350℃以上に保持して、形状記憶熱処理は薄膜温度を400℃〜500℃に保持して行うことが好ましい。フォトリソグラフィは、自体公知の方法に従って行えばよい。 An example of the shape memory alloy constituting the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 is a TiNiCu alloy. The shape memory alloy thin film body 2 is formed on the surface of a copper substrate having a thickness of 5 μm to 20 μm by performing a vacuum deposition process using, for example, a pellet of TiNiCu alloy as a deposition material. After forming a TiNiCu alloy thin film (preferably 1 μm to 20 μm in view of ease), photolithography is performed to pattern the thin film into a predetermined shape, and then the copper substrate is dissolved using nitric acid to make the thin film self-supporting, Finally, by heating the thin film, it can be obtained by performing shape memory heat treatment in a shape as shown in FIG. 1 so as to hold the luminal organ during shape recovery. The vacuum deposition process and shape memory heat treatment are performed under a reduced pressure of 1 × 10 −3 Pa or less, the vacuum deposition process maintains the substrate temperature at 350 ° C. or higher, and the shape memory heat treatment maintains the thin film temperature at 400 ° C. to 500 ° C. It is preferable to do so. Photolithography may be performed according to a method known per se.

形状記憶合金薄膜体2の変態温度制御は、銅基板の表面に形成する薄膜の合金組成を調節することで行うことができる。例えば、形状記憶合金薄膜体2を構成する形状記憶合金としてTiNiCu合金を用いる場合、TiNiCu合金薄膜が10at%以上の銅を含有するようにすれば、アクチュエータ駆動温度に相当する逆マルテンサイト変態終了温度(形状回復温度):Af点を体温と同程度(約45℃)にまで低温化することができる。   The transformation temperature control of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 can be performed by adjusting the alloy composition of the thin film formed on the surface of the copper substrate. For example, when a TiNiCu alloy is used as the shape memory alloy constituting the shape memory alloy thin film body 2, if the TiNiCu alloy thin film contains 10 at% or more of copper, the reverse martensite transformation end temperature corresponding to the actuator drive temperature (Shape recovery temperature): Af point can be lowered to the same level as body temperature (about 45 ° C.).

形状記憶合金薄膜体2の表面に設ける変位薄膜センサ3としては、例えば、圧電薄膜とその上下(表裏)に位置する電極から構成される圧電薄膜センサが挙げられる。変位薄膜センサ3として圧電薄膜センサを採用する場合、圧電薄膜センサは、例えば、下部電極として機能させる厚さ5μm〜20μmの銅基板の表面に、厚さ0.5μm〜2μmの圧電薄膜を形成し、さらにその表面に、厚さ100nm〜150nmの上部電極を形成した積層体からなる。圧電薄膜は、例えば、圧電材料としてチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛を原料に用い、自体公知の方法に従ってスパッタ処理を行うことで形成することができる(ゾルゲル法によって形成してもよい)。上部電極は、例えば、電極材料として白金を原料に用い、自体公知の方法に従ってスパッタ処理を行うことで形成することができる。圧電薄膜センサの厚さは、アクチュエータとしての取り扱いの容易性に鑑みれば、10μm〜15μmであることが好ましい。このようにして作製した圧電薄膜センサは、例えば、圧電薄膜を形成した銅基板の表面と反対側の表面を、形状記憶熱処理を行った形状記憶合金薄膜体2の表面に、100℃程度の温度よりも低温で硬化するフォトレジストなどのフレキシブルな樹脂からなる接着剤で接着して使用すればよい。なお、圧電薄膜センサは、例えば、形状記憶熱処理を行った形状記憶合金薄膜体2の表面に、スパッタ処理を行うことで形成した酸化シリコン層などからなる絶縁層を介して、必要に応じてスパッタ処理を行うことでチタンなどからなる密着層を形成した後、下部電極、圧電薄膜、上部電極を順に積層することで形成することもできる。   Examples of the displacement thin film sensor 3 provided on the surface of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 include a piezoelectric thin film sensor including a piezoelectric thin film and electrodes positioned above and below (front and back) thereof. When a piezoelectric thin film sensor is employed as the displacement thin film sensor 3, for example, the piezoelectric thin film sensor forms a piezoelectric thin film having a thickness of 0.5 μm to 2 μm on the surface of a copper substrate having a thickness of 5 μm to 20 μm that functions as a lower electrode. Furthermore, it consists of a laminate in which an upper electrode having a thickness of 100 nm to 150 nm is formed on the surface. The piezoelectric thin film can be formed, for example, by using lead zirconate titanate as a raw material as a piezoelectric material and performing a sputtering process according to a method known per se (may be formed by a sol-gel method). The upper electrode can be formed, for example, by using platinum as an electrode material as a raw material and performing a sputtering process according to a method known per se. The thickness of the piezoelectric thin film sensor is preferably 10 μm to 15 μm in view of ease of handling as an actuator. The piezoelectric thin film sensor manufactured in this way has, for example, a temperature of about 100 ° C. on the surface of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 subjected to the shape memory heat treatment on the surface opposite to the surface of the copper substrate on which the piezoelectric thin film is formed. What is necessary is just to adhere | attach and use with the adhesive agent which consists of flexible resin, such as a photoresist hardened | cured at lower temperature. The piezoelectric thin film sensor may be sputtered as necessary through an insulating layer made of a silicon oxide layer or the like formed by performing a sputtering process on the surface of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 subjected to the shape memory heat treatment. After forming an adhesion layer made of titanium or the like by performing treatment, the lower electrode, the piezoelectric thin film, and the upper electrode can be stacked in order.

圧電材料は、力や歪みが加わると電荷を発生する正圧電効果と、電界を加えると力や歪みを発生する逆圧電効果、即ち、機械エネルギーと電気エネルギーの変換機能を有する材料であり、簡易な構造で両エネルギーを効率的に交換することができる。従って、圧電薄膜センサは、変位計測の分解能や応答性に優れているので、ミクロン単位の変位でも十分に計測することができることから、生体部位の微小な変位を計測するのに都合がよいセンサであり、形状記憶合金薄膜体2の把持対象となる管腔器官が直径が1mm程度の血管であっても、把持した血管の直径のわずかな変化を電気信号に変換して検知することができる。チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛は、チタン酸鉛とジルコン酸鉛の固溶体であるが、チタン酸バリウムや酸化亜鉛などのような他の圧電材料に比べて安定な温度特性と高い圧電定数を有するので、生体部位の微小な変位を計測するのに適した圧電材料である。   Piezoelectric materials are materials that have a function of converting mechanical energy and electrical energy, that is, a positive piezoelectric effect that generates an electric charge when force or strain is applied, and an inverse piezoelectric effect that generates force or strain when an electric field is applied. Both energy can be efficiently exchanged with a simple structure. Therefore, the piezoelectric thin film sensor is excellent in displacement measurement resolution and responsiveness, so that even a displacement in units of microns can be measured sufficiently. Therefore, the piezoelectric thin film sensor is a convenient sensor for measuring a minute displacement of a living body part. In addition, even if the luminal organ to be grasped by the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 is a blood vessel having a diameter of about 1 mm, a slight change in the diameter of the grasped blood vessel can be detected by converting it into an electric signal. Lead zirconate titanate is a solid solution of lead titanate and lead zirconate, but has stable temperature characteristics and high piezoelectric constant compared to other piezoelectric materials such as barium titanate and zinc oxide. A piezoelectric material suitable for measuring a minute displacement of a part.

なお、変位薄膜センサ3は、圧電薄膜センサに限定されるものではなく、力や歪みが加わると抵抗が変化し、この変化を電気信号に変換して検知することができるピエゾ抵抗型センサであってもよい。   The displacement thin film sensor 3 is not limited to a piezoelectric thin film sensor, and is a piezoresistive sensor that changes its resistance when a force or strain is applied, and can detect this change by converting it into an electrical signal. May be.

図1に示す管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、例えば、次のようにして用いることができる。即ち、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1の形状記憶合金薄膜体2は、形状記憶熱処理により、図2に示す(A)のような形状に形状記憶されているので、この状態にある管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1に対し、室温において外力を加え、3つのピラーを図2に示す(B)のようにして広げた後、加熱すると、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、形状記憶合金薄膜体2が有するAf点付近にまで加熱された時点で形状回復を起こし、図2に示す(A)のような形状の状態に戻ろうとする。従って、図2に示す(B)のような形状の状態にある管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1を、その3つのピラーの間に管腔器官が配置されるように体内に埋め込むと、体内に埋め込まれた管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、形状記憶合金薄膜体2が有するAf点が体温と同程度である場合、体内で形状回復を起こし、図2に示す(C)のような形状で管腔器官Xを把持する。従って、把持した管腔器官Xの直径が変化すれば、その変化を変位薄膜センサ3によって迅速かつ正確に電気信号に変換して検知することができる。なお、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1が、体内で形状記憶合金薄膜体2が有するAf点にまで確実に加熱されることで、その形状回復が確実なものとなるように、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1を体内で加熱するための手段として、例えば、形状記憶合金薄膜体2の変位薄膜センサ3を形成した表面と反対側の表面に、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1を外部から通電加熱するためのマイクロヒータとして機能する金属薄膜を、スパッタ処理を行うことで所定のパターンに形成してもよい。   The lumen organ grasping actuator 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be used as follows, for example. That is, the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 of the lumen organ gripping actuator 1 is shape-memoryd by shape memory heat treatment into a shape as shown in FIG. When an external force is applied to room temperature 1 and the three pillars are spread as shown in FIG. 2B and heated, the luminal organ grasping actuator 1 becomes the Af point of the shape memory alloy thin film 2 When it is heated to the vicinity, it recovers its shape and attempts to return to the shape as shown in FIG. Therefore, when the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 in the state as shown in FIG. 2B is implanted in the body so that the lumen organ is disposed between the three pillars, the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 is embedded in the body. When the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 has an Af point that is about the same as the body temperature, the luminal organ grasping actuator 1 recovers its shape in the body and has a shape as shown in FIG. Hold X. Therefore, if the diameter of the grasped lumen organ X changes, the change can be detected quickly and accurately by the displacement thin film sensor 3 and detected. The luminal organ grasping actuator 1 is surely heated to the Af point of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 in the body so that the shape recovery is ensured. As a means for heating the inside of the body, for example, a microheater for energizing and heating the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 from the outside on the surface of the shape memory alloy thin film body 2 opposite to the surface on which the displacement thin film sensor 3 is formed. A metal thin film that functions as a film may be formed in a predetermined pattern by performing a sputtering process.

例えば、外科手術を行った際の血管吻合部の上流と下流のそれぞれの血管を管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1で把持し、血管の直径の変化を監視した場合、血管吻合部において血栓が発生すると、血圧が変化することにより、吻合部の上流の血管は膨張する一方、下流の血管は収縮することから、いずれの部位の血管も、その直径が変化する。従って、この変化を変位薄膜センサ3によって電気信号に変換して検知し、検知した電気信号を、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1に接続した解析手段で解析することで、血管吻合部における血栓の生成をin−situで迅速かつ正確に把握することができる。また、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、小型化が可能であるとともに、体内に設置する際に血管に固定するための縫合などを必要とせず、血栓の発生の有無を所定の期間において監視した後に不要になった際には、薄膜物であるのでリード線4を引っ張ることで容易に体内から抜去することができる。従って、血管への取り付けや取り外しの作業に熟練を要することがなく、その際に患者に侵襲を与えることもない。   For example, when grasping the blood vessels upstream and downstream of the vascular anastomosis part at the time of surgical operation with the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 and monitoring the change in the diameter of the blood vessel, when a thrombus occurs in the vascular anastomosis part, When the blood pressure changes, the blood vessel upstream of the anastomosis is expanded, while the downstream blood vessel contracts, so that the diameter of the blood vessel at any site changes. Therefore, this change is detected by converting it into an electric signal by the displacement thin film sensor 3, and the detected electric signal is analyzed by an analysis means connected to the lumen organ grasping actuator 1, thereby generating a thrombus in the vascular anastomosis portion. It can be grasped quickly and accurately in-situ. In addition, the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 can be miniaturized, and does not require suturing or the like for fixing to a blood vessel when it is installed in the body, and after monitoring the occurrence of thrombus for a predetermined period of time. When it is no longer needed, it is a thin film and can be easily removed from the body by pulling the lead wire 4. Therefore, no skill is required for the operation of attaching to or detaching from the blood vessel, and the patient is not invaded at that time.

なお、図1に示す管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1は、形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように形状記憶させたものであるが、管腔器官把持アクチュエータは、形状回復時に把持していた管腔器官を開放するように形状記憶させたものであってもよい。Af点が体温よりも高い形状記憶合金(例えば、Af点が45℃以上の形状記憶合金)を用いて形状記憶合金薄膜体を構成した場合、予め所定の形状に形状記憶させておくことで、管腔器官把持アクチュエータが、体内で形状記憶合金薄膜体が有するAf点にまで加熱された時点で、管腔器官を把持するように形状回復させることも、把持していた管腔器官を開放するように形状回復させることもできる。管腔器官把持アクチュエータを、体内で形状記憶合金薄膜体が有する体温よりも高いAf点にまで加熱するための手段としては、前述したように、例えば、形状記憶合金薄膜体の変位薄膜センサを形成した表面と反対側の表面に、管腔器官把持アクチュエータを外部から通電加熱するためのマイクロヒータとして機能する金属薄膜を、スパッタ処理を行うことで所定のパターンに形成する方法が挙げられる。図3に示す管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11は、形状回復時に把持していた管腔器官を開放するように形状記憶させたものである。管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11の形状記憶合金薄膜体12は、形状記憶熱処理により、図3に示す(A)のような形状に形状記憶されている。この状態にある管腔器官把持アクチュエータ1に対し、室温において外力を加え、3つのピラーを図3に示す(B)のように変形させた後、図3に示す(C)のように3つのピラーの間に管腔器官を配置して体内に埋め込む。血栓の発生の有無を所定の期間において監視した後、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11を、形状記憶合金薄膜体12が有するAf点にまで加熱すると、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11は、形状回復を起こし、図3に示す(A)のような形状の状態に戻ろうとする。従って、3つのピラーの間に管腔器官が配置されている場合、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11は、図3に示す(D)のような形状になるので、リード線14を引っ張ることで、管腔器官把持アクチュエータ11を体内から容易に抜去することができる。   The lumen organ grasping actuator 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a shape memorized so as to grasp the lumen organ at the time of shape recovery, but the lumen organ grasping actuator is a lumen that has been grasped at the time of shape recovery. The shape may be memorized so as to open the organ. When the shape memory alloy thin film body is configured using a shape memory alloy having an Af point higher than the body temperature (for example, a shape memory alloy having an Af point of 45 ° C. or higher), by preliminarily storing the shape memory in a predetermined shape, When the lumen organ grasping actuator is heated to the Af point of the shape memory alloy thin film body in the body, the shape of the lumen organ is recovered so as to grasp the lumen organ, or the grasped lumen organ is released. In this way, the shape can be recovered. As a means for heating the lumen organ grasping actuator to an Af point higher than the body temperature of the shape memory alloy thin film body in the body, as described above, for example, a displacement thin film sensor of the shape memory alloy thin film body is formed. There is a method of forming a metal thin film functioning as a microheater for energizing and heating the lumen organ grasping actuator from the outside on the surface opposite to the above-mentioned surface by performing a sputtering process in a predetermined pattern. The luminal organ grasping actuator 11 shown in FIG. 3 has a shape memorized so as to open the luminal organ grasped at the time of shape recovery. The shape memory alloy thin film body 12 of the lumen organ grasping actuator 11 is shape-memorized in a shape as shown in FIG. 3A by shape memory heat treatment. An external force is applied to the lumen organ grasping actuator 1 in this state at room temperature to deform the three pillars as shown in FIG. 3B, and then, as shown in FIG. A luminal organ is placed between the pillars and implanted in the body. After monitoring the presence or absence of thrombus in a predetermined period, when the luminal organ grasping actuator 11 is heated to the Af point of the shape memory alloy thin film body 12, the luminal organ grasping actuator 11 causes shape recovery, An attempt is made to return to the state shown in FIG. Accordingly, when the luminal organ is arranged between the three pillars, the luminal organ gripping actuator 11 has a shape as shown in FIG. 3D, and therefore, by pulling the lead wire 14, The cavity organ gripping actuator 11 can be easily removed from the body.

以下に本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータを実施例によって詳細に説明するが、本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータの形状や使用方法などは、以下の記載に何ら限定して解釈されるものではない。   The lumen organ gripping actuator of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, the shape and usage of the lumen organ gripping actuator of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following description. .

図1に示す管腔器官把持アクチュエータを次のようにして作製した。
工程1:
まず、Ti−46.98wt%,Ni−8.25wt%,残Cu組成のペレット(φ1.2×3.8mm)を用い、フラッシュ真空蒸着処理(必要であればE.Makino, M.Uenoyama, T.Shibata:“Flash evaporation of TiNi shape memory thin film for microactuators, Sensors and Actuators A, Physical, 71/3 (1998) pp.187-192”を参照のこと)を、1回あたり60秒で30回行って、厚さ10μmの銅基板の表面に厚さが4μmのTiNiCu合金薄膜を形成した。フラッシュ真空蒸着処理は、1×10-3Pa以下の減圧下で基板温度を380℃に保持して行った。蒸着原料の蒸発が始まってからシャッタを開いて蒸着を開始するまでの時間の相違により、TiNiCu合金薄膜の合金組成は変化するが、蒸着原料の蒸発が始まった直後にシャッタを開いて蒸着を開始することで形成されるTiNiCu合金薄膜は、10at%以上の銅を含有し、そのAf点は約45℃であり体温と同程度であった。
次に、市販のフォトレジストを用いてフォトリソグラフィを行って所定の形状にパターニングした後、硝酸を用いて銅基板を溶解し、外形が縦10mm×横2mm×厚さ4μmで、フォーク状の先端部のピラーが長さ5mm×幅0.6mmであるTiNiCu合金薄膜を得た。
次に、1×10-3Pa以下の減圧下で薄膜温度を450℃に1時間保持することで、TiNiCu合金薄膜に対して形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように図1に示すような形状で形状記憶熱処理を行った。
このようにして作製した形状記憶合金薄膜体に、室温において外力を加え、3つのピラーを図2に示す(B)のようにして広げた後、3つのピラーの間に、血管に見立てた外径1.5mmのシリコンゴムチューブを配置し、加熱した。その結果、この形状記憶合金薄膜体は、45℃近辺にまで加熱された時点で形状回復を起こし、図2に示す(C)のような形状でチューブを把持した。チューブを把持した状態にある形状記憶合金薄膜体のフォーク状の端部と反対側の端部を、チューブが位置する方向と反対方向に引っ張ったところ、形状記憶合金薄膜体は、多少の引っ張り強度ではチューブを把持した状態を保持したが、引っ張り強度を高めることでこれを抜去することができた。
The lumen organ grasping actuator shown in FIG. 1 was produced as follows.
Step 1:
First, pellets (φ1.2 × 3.8 mm) of Ti-46.98 wt%, Ni-8.25 wt%, and remaining Cu composition were used, and flash vacuum deposition treatment (E. Makino, M. Uenoyama, if necessary) T.Shibata: See “Flash evaporation of TiNi shape memory thin film for microactuators, Sensors and Actuators A, Physical, 71/3 (1998) pp.187-192”) 30 times in 60 seconds each time. As a result, a TiNiCu alloy thin film having a thickness of 4 μm was formed on the surface of a copper substrate having a thickness of 10 μm. The flash vacuum deposition process was performed while maintaining the substrate temperature at 380 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 1 × 10 −3 Pa or less. Although the alloy composition of the TiNiCu alloy thin film changes due to the difference in time from the start of evaporation of the evaporation material to the start of evaporation after opening the shutter, the shutter is opened immediately after the evaporation of evaporation material starts and the evaporation starts. The TiNiCu alloy thin film thus formed contained 10 at% or more of copper, and its Af point was about 45 ° C., which was almost the same as the body temperature.
Next, after performing photolithography using a commercially available photoresist and patterning it into a predetermined shape, the copper substrate is dissolved using nitric acid, the outer shape is 10 mm long × 2 mm wide × 4 μm thick, and the fork-shaped tip A TiNiCu alloy thin film in which the pillars of the part were 5 mm long × 0.6 mm wide was obtained.
Next, by holding the thin film temperature at 450 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 1 × 10 −3 Pa or less, as shown in FIG. Shape memory heat treatment was performed on the shape.
An external force is applied to the shape memory alloy thin film thus produced at room temperature, and the three pillars are spread as shown in FIG. 2B. After the three pillars are spread as shown in FIG. A silicon rubber tube having a diameter of 1.5 mm was placed and heated. As a result, the shape memory alloy thin film body recovered its shape when heated to around 45 ° C., and gripped the tube in a shape as shown in FIG. When the end opposite to the fork-shaped end of the shape memory alloy thin film body holding the tube is pulled in the direction opposite to the direction in which the tube is located, the shape memory alloy thin film body has a slight tensile strength. Then, while holding the tube, it was possible to remove it by increasing the tensile strength.

工程2:
下部電極として機能させる厚さ10μmの銅基板の表面に、厚さ約1μmの圧電薄膜を形成し、さらにその表面に、厚さ100nm〜150nmの上部電極を形成することで圧電薄膜センサを作製した。ここで、圧電薄膜は、圧電材料としてチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛を原料に用い、自体公知の方法に従ってスパッタ処理を行った後、昇温速度10℃/秒、保持温度700℃、保持時間10分の熱処理を経て形成した。上部電極は、電極材料として白金を原料に用い、自体公知の方法に従ってスパッタ処理を行うことで形成した。圧電薄膜センサの厚さは、約11μmであった。このようにして作製した圧電薄膜センサを、圧電薄膜を形成した銅基板の表面と反対側の表面を、工程1で作製した形状記憶熱処理を行った形状記憶合金薄膜体のフォーク状の端部の中央のピラーの表面に、フォトレジストを接着剤として用いることによって接着し、管腔器官把持アクチュエータとした。このようにして作製した管腔器官把持アクチュエータが所望の動作を行うことは、人工血管やウサギを用いた実験で確認した。
Step 2:
A piezoelectric thin film sensor was fabricated by forming a piezoelectric thin film with a thickness of about 1 μm on the surface of a 10 μm thick copper substrate that functions as a lower electrode, and further forming an upper electrode with a thickness of 100 nm to 150 nm on the surface. . Here, the piezoelectric thin film uses lead zirconate titanate as a piezoelectric material as a raw material, and after performing sputtering treatment according to a method known per se, the temperature rising rate is 10 ° C./second, the holding temperature is 700 ° C., and the holding time is 10 minutes. It formed through heat treatment. The upper electrode was formed by performing a sputtering process according to a method known per se using platinum as an electrode material. The thickness of the piezoelectric thin film sensor was about 11 μm. The piezoelectric thin film sensor fabricated in this way was formed on the surface opposite to the surface of the copper substrate on which the piezoelectric thin film was formed. A luminal organ grasping actuator was obtained by adhering the surface of the central pillar by using a photoresist as an adhesive. It was confirmed by an experiment using an artificial blood vessel or a rabbit that the lumen organ grasping actuator thus produced performs a desired operation.

本発明は、外科手術を行った際の血管吻合部における血栓の発生を、患者に侵襲を与えるといったことなく、簡易、迅速かつ正確に検知するためなどに有用な管腔器官把持アクチュエータおよびこれを用いた管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置を提供することができる点において、産業上の利用可能性を有する。   The present invention relates to a luminal organ grasping actuator useful for simply, quickly and accurately detecting the occurrence of a thrombus in a vascular anastomosis during surgical operation without invading a patient. It has industrial applicability in that it can provide a device for monitoring changes in the diameter of the used luminal organ.

本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータの一例の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of an example of a lumen organ grasping actuator of the present invention. 同、動作原理を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an operation principle. 本発明の管腔器官把持アクチュエータのその他の例の動作原理を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the operation | movement principle of the other example of the lumen organ grasping actuator of this invention. 従来技術であるドップラープローブセンサを用いて血管吻合部における血栓の発生の有無を検知する方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the method of detecting the presence or absence of thrombus generation | occurrence | production in the blood vessel anastomosis part using the Doppler probe sensor which is a prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1,11 管腔器官把持アクチュエータ
2,12 形状記憶合金薄膜体
3,13 変位薄膜センサ
4,14 リード線
X 管腔器官
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,11 Lumen organ grasping actuator 2,12 Shape memory alloy thin film body 3,13 Displacement thin film sensor 4,14 Lead wire X Lumen organ

Claims (5)

形状回復時に管腔器官を把持するように、または、形状回復時に把持していた管腔器官を開放するように、形状記憶させた形状記憶合金薄膜体の表面に、前記形状記憶合金薄膜体が把持した管腔器官の直径の変化を電気信号に変換して検知するための変位薄膜センサを設けてなることを特徴とする管腔器官把持アクチュエータ。   The shape memory alloy thin film body is formed on the surface of the shape memory alloy thin film body that has been memorized so as to grasp the luminal organ at the time of shape recovery or to release the luminal organ that has been grasped at the time of shape recovery. A lumen organ grasping actuator comprising a displacement thin film sensor for detecting a change in diameter of a grasped lumen organ by converting it into an electric signal. 形状記憶合金薄膜体の厚さが1μm〜20μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータ。   2. The lumen organ grasping actuator according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy thin film has a thickness of 1 to 20 [mu] m. 変位薄膜センサが圧電薄膜センサであることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータ。   3. The lumen organ grasping actuator according to claim 1, wherein the displacement thin film sensor is a piezoelectric thin film sensor. 管腔器官が血管であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータ。   The luminal organ grasping actuator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the luminal organ is a blood vessel. 請求項1記載の管腔器官把持アクチュエータの変位薄膜センサによって検知した電気信号を、管腔器官把持アクチュエータに接続した解析手段で解析することで、管腔器官の直径の変化を監視することができるようにしてなることを特徴とする管腔器官の直径の変化を監視するための装置。   The change in the diameter of the lumen organ can be monitored by analyzing the electrical signal detected by the displacement thin film sensor of the lumen organ gripping actuator according to claim 1 by an analysis means connected to the lumen organ gripping actuator. A device for monitoring changes in the diameter of a luminal organ, characterized in that it comprises:
JP2004236772A 2004-08-16 2004-08-16 Lumen organ gripping actuator and apparatus for monitoring changes in the diameter of the lumen organ using the same Expired - Lifetime JP4096062B2 (en)

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