JP3993032B2 - Melting method of ferritic stainless steel with excellent ridging resistance and workability - Google Patents
Melting method of ferritic stainless steel with excellent ridging resistance and workability Download PDFInfo
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- JP3993032B2 JP3993032B2 JP2002199517A JP2002199517A JP3993032B2 JP 3993032 B2 JP3993032 B2 JP 3993032B2 JP 2002199517 A JP2002199517 A JP 2002199517A JP 2002199517 A JP2002199517 A JP 2002199517A JP 3993032 B2 JP3993032 B2 JP 3993032B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 74
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001739 intranuclear inclusion body Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007567 mass-production technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複合型TiNを生成させて鋳片中の等軸晶率を高め、耐リジング性および加工性を改善したフェライト系ステンレス鋼の溶製法、およびその溶製法で得られるフェライト系ステンレス鋼板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
SUS430に代表されるフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、優れた加工性や耐食性をもち、比較的安価であることから、厨房機器、電気製品、自動車用材料等として広範な分野で使用されている。しかし、フェライト系ステンレス鋼の連鋳片を圧延して製造した鋼板に深絞り、曲げ等の冷間加工を施すと、リジングと呼ばれる縞状の起伏が圧延方向に沿って発生し、製品の外観が著しく損われることがある。リジングの発生は、連続鋳造時に生成した粗大な柱状晶組織が熱延工程で十分に破壊されることなく、しかも粗大なバンド状組織からなる集合組織が残存することに原因があると一般的に考えられている。このバンド状組織は加工時の割れや異方性など加工性低下の原因ともなる。
【0003】
このようなバンド状組織を抑制するには熱延後に冷延および焼鈍を複数回繰り返して再結晶により組織を微細化する手法が有効である。しかし、複数回の冷延・焼鈍を繰り返すのは工程に負荷がかかり、製造コストの上昇や生産性の低下を招くため、安価なフェライト系鋼種の大量生産に適するものとは言えない。また、このような手法でバンド状組織の影響を完全に消失させることは必ずしも容易ではない。
【0004】
そこで、鋳片(連鋳スラブなど)において粗大な柱状晶組織が発達しないように、等軸晶率を増大させる溶製方法が開発されている。その方法として、溶鋼の温度を比較的低温にして鋳造する方や、溶鋼を電磁攪拌しながら鋳造する方法が良く知られている。しかし、低温鋳造では溶鋼の凝固温度近くまで鋳込み温度を下げて鋳造することから、操業中にノズル詰まり等のトラブルが発生しやすく、量産的な操業ベースでは実施に困難を伴う。他方、電磁攪拌は比較的容易に実施できるものの、安定的に達成可能な等軸晶率は40〜50%程度に過ぎず、通常の冷延工程で耐リジング性に優れた鋼板を製造するために必要とされる等軸晶率の下限;50%を余裕をもってクリアすることは容易ではない。このため、耐リジング性を高レベルで改善するには、ある程度負荷の大きい冷延・焼鈍工程を併用せざるを得ない。
【0005】
最近では、フェライト系ステンレス鋼にTiを添加し、溶鋼中に生成したTiNをフェライトの核生成サイトとして利用することにより凝固組織を等軸晶化する技術が報告されている。例えば、特開2000−160229号,特開2000−160230号では、CaO−Al2O3系スラグのCaO/Al2O3比を0.7〜2.5に調整し、溶鋼中に不活性ガスを吹き込んで5分以上攪拌した後、Tiを添加することで、酸化物を核にもたない「単独型TiN」が主体となるようにTiNの形態制御を行い、それにより等軸晶率を向上させる技術が開示されている。しかし、スラグ組成を調整するには多量の造滓剤が必要となり、手間もかかる。このため、本来安価なフェライト系汎用鋼種の溶製にこの方法を適用することは必ずしも好ましいとは言えず、より実用的な手段が望まれる。
【0006】
また、特開2002−30395号には、MgO−Al2O3系介在物をTiNの晶出核として利用し、この「複合型TiN」によりフェライト系ステンレス鋼の等軸晶率を増大させる技術が開示されている。この技術は、AlおよびMg量を厳しく規制すること、ならびに凝固温度T1と、鋳込温度T2と、溶鋼中のN,Ti,Cr量の関数として定まる温度T3の関係を厳密にコントロールすることを必須とするものである。しかし、溶製チャージ毎に凝固温度を推定して鋳込温度をコントロールすることは、実操業において作業負担の増大を招き、生産性を低下させる。また、Al,Mg量を厳密に規制しても、その分析に時間を要するため、成分調整の迅速性を向上させるための改善策が望まれる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のような現状を踏まえ、本発明では、等軸晶率の高い鋳片を得る手法として、下記i)〜iii)の要件を満足する溶製法を提供することを目的とする。
i) 通常のフェライト系ステンレス鋼の溶製時に使用されている原材料の範囲で精錬可能なこと、例えば造滓剤や不活性ガスなどは通常の溶製で使用される種類・量をほとんど変化させないこと、
ii) 通常のフェライト系ステンレス鋼と同様の条件で鋳造可能であること、例えば鋳造温度や攪拌条件を規制する必要がないこと、
iii) 基本的に成分調整のみによって鋳片の等軸晶率を制御でき、しかもその成分調整が迅速かつ確実に実施できること。
また、本発明ではその溶製法によって得られる耐リジング性・加工性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは種々検討の結果、溶鋼中にMgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ「複合型」のTiNを生成させる技術において、その従来の溶製法を抜本的に改善することにより上記目的が達成できることを知見した。
すなわち本発明では、Cr:9〜30質量%、T i : 0.1 〜 0.3 質量%、N: 0.007 〜 0.015 質量%であり、MgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiNを鋳片中に含有するフェライト系ステンレス鋼を溶製するに際し、TiとNの濃度積(Ti質量%×N質量%)が0.0007〜0.004になり、かつ、溶鋼中の酸素活量aO を測定してその常用対数LogaOが−5.0〜−3.0になるように成分調整を行い、その後鋳造することを特徴とする耐リジング性および加工性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼の溶製法を提供する。
【0009】
また、その成分調整において、少なくとも1回以上、酸素センサーを用いて溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを測定する溶製法を提供する。
また、その具体的方法として、成分調整において、脱酸未完了の段階で下記ステップ2を実施し、その後、ステップ1〜3を、ステップ3で成分調整を終了するまで1回または繰返し実行する溶製法を提供する。
〔ステップ1〕前回のステップ2で求めた実測LogaO値を基に脱酸剤添加後のLogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0になるのに必要な脱酸剤の添加量を決め、これを添加して脱酸を行う。
〔ステップ2〕酸素濃淡電池を用いて溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを測定し、そのaO値からLogaO値(「実測LogaO値」という)を求める。
〔ステップ3〕実測LogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0の範囲にある場合は成分調整を終了する。
【0010】
また、特に、成分調整時にCaOとAl2O3を主成分とするスラグを溶鋼と接触させ、上記ステップ1で脱酸剤を添加した後、スラグ/メタルを攪拌する溶製法、あるいはさらに、MgO含有耐火物を内張り耐火物の一部または全部に使用した精錬容器を使用した溶製法を提供する。
ここで、「CaOとAl2O3を主成分とするスラグ」とは、CaOを30質量%以上、Al2O3を10質量%以上含有するものをいう。
【0011】
「複合型TiN」とは、酸化物系介在物や硫化物系介在物を核としてその周囲にTiNが生成したタイプのTiN介在物であり、介在物粒子の一部にTiN以外の介在物を含んでいる点で、TiN単独で存在する「単独型TiN」と形態上区別されるものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
フェライト系ステンレス鋼の溶鋼が凝固する際にTiN系介在物が存在すると、鋳片中の等軸晶率が増大するという現象は、すでに複数の研究者により確かめられている。この現象が生じる要因として以下のことが挙げられる。
(1) TiNは溶鋼との濡れ性が良い。
(2) TiNはフェライトの結晶格子との不整合度が小さいため、TiNを核として新たにフェライト結晶が晶出しやすい。
このため、TiNが溶鋼の液相線温度近傍で生成する環境が整ったとき、生成したTiNは介在物として浮上・分離する前にフェライト晶の生成核として機能することができ、その結果、柱状晶の盛んな成長が抑えられて、等軸晶率が高くなる。
【0013】
図1に示すように、TiNには、TiNが単体で均質核生成するタイプ(単独型TiN)と、酸化物系介在物や硫化物系介在物を核としてその周囲にTiNが不均質核生成するタイプ(複合型TiN)がある。単独型TiNは、その生成温度が溶鋼の液相線温度近傍にあるため、これを溶鋼中で十分に生成させることができれば、等軸晶率は向上する。しかし、そのためにはスラグ組成の厳密な調整や不活性ガスの吹き込みが必要となるなど(前述の特開2000−160229号,特開2000−160230号)、操業上、煩雑な手段を強いられる。一方、複合型TiNを利用した例としては、TiNの核となる介在物をMgO−Al2O3系とすることで等軸晶率を高めたものがあるが(前述の特開2002−30395号)、そのためには成分や鋳込温度を厳密にコントロールする必要があるなど、改善すべき点が多い(前述)。
【0014】
発明者らは、種々の複合型TiNを含有するフェライト系ステンレス鋼鋳片を溶製し、X線マイクロアナライザーを用いて複合型TiNの定量分析を行った。そして、その核となる介在物(以下「核介在物」という)の種類と等軸晶率の関係を詳細に調べた。その結果、複合型TiNの核介在物の種類によって、等軸晶化への寄与が大きく相違することが明らかになった。すなわち、核介在物がMgO−Al2O3系主体である複合型TiNは、溶鋼の凝固温度近傍で生成するため、等軸晶の核生成サイトとして有効に作用する。これに対し、核介在物がCaO−Al2O3系である複合型TiNは、CaO−Al2O3系介在物自体が溶鋼の凝固温度域で液相であるため、TiNは不均質核生成せず、凝固後に固相のCaO−Al2O3系介在物上に析出する。したがって、等軸晶の核生成サイトとして何の作用もしない。他方、核介在物がCaO,MgO,Ti酸化物,CaSを主体とする複合型TiNは、生成温度が溶鋼の凝固温度よりもかなり高いため、TiNは凝集・合体して浮上分離されやすく、等軸晶の核生成サイトとして利用されにくい。
以上のように、MgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiNを溶鋼中に十分生成させることが等軸晶率を高める上で有効であることが確認された。以下、「MgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiN」のことを「MgO−Al2O3系複合型TiN」と呼ぶことがある。
【0015】
ここで、核となる「MgO−Al2O3系介在物」とは、スピネル(MgO・Al2O3)あるいはその近傍の組成を有する介在物であって、Al2O3を50質量%以上、MgOを10質量%以上含んでいるものを意味する。MgOとAl2O3の他に、CaO,SiO2,MnO,Ti酸化物などの酸化物系介在物や、CaS,MnSなどの硫化物系介在物を合計で40質量%以下の範囲で含有していてもよい。
【0016】
MgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNが生成しても、その数が少なすぎると等軸晶率の改善効果は不十分となる。種々検討したところ、TiとNの濃度積(Ti質量%×N質量%)が0.0007以上となるようにTiとNが鋼中に含まれていれば、等軸晶率50%以上を実現するに足る当該複合型TiNの生成量を確保できることが明らかになった。TiNの生成量が多すぎると、鋼材の表面疵や加工時の割れが問題となるが、TiとNの濃度積を0.004以下の範囲に制限することでこれらの問題は解消されることがわかった。
【0017】
次に、凝固時までにMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNを溶鋼中に十分な量だけ生成させる手法について説明する。
発明者らは、詳細な研究の結果、核となる介在物の種類(組成)と溶鋼の酸素活量aOの間には相関があることを発見した。図2に、フェライト系ステンレス鋼について、成分調整後の溶鋼における酸素活量aOの常用対数LogaOの値と、鋳片(連鋳スラブ)中に観察される複合型TiNの種類および等軸晶率の関係を調べた例を示す。図2中のプロットは、その鋳片中に存在する複合型TiNのうち過半数を占める種類の複合型TiNが何であるかを示している。例えば、○印のプロットは全複合型TiNのうちMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの存在割合(個数割合)が50%以上のものを意味し、■印のプロットはCaO−Al2O3系複合型TiN(CaO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiN)の存在割合が50%以上のものを意味する。なお、各プロットの溶製例はいずれもTiとNの濃度積が0.0007〜0.004になるように成分調整されたものである。
【0018】
図2から、酸素活量aOの常用対数LogaOが−5.0〜−3.0になるように最終成分調整された場合に、MgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNが主体の鋳片が得られ、その鋳片は等軸晶率が50%以上になることがわかる。なかでも、LogaOが−4.5〜−3.5の範囲に調整されたものでは非常に高い等軸晶率が得られている。したがって、本発明では、TiとNの濃度積が0.0007〜0.004になるようにTiとNの含有量を調整したうえで、LogaOが−5.0〜−3.0になるように成分調整することを要件とする。特にLogaOは−4.5〜−3.5の範囲に調整することが好ましい。
【0019】
酸素活量aOと複合型TiNの形態の関係について簡単に説明する。aOが高い場合には、脱酸があまり効いていないためTiが酸化されやすくなり、Ti酸化物を核介在物とする複合型TiNが生成する。この場合、溶鋼中のTiは核介在物として消費されるため、TiNの生成量を十分確保できなくなる。その結果、等軸晶率はあまり向上しない。aOが低下し、LogaOが−5.0〜−3.0の範囲では、生成する酸化物はスピネル(MgO・Al2O3)あるいはそれに近い組成のMgO−Al2O3系が主体となり、これを核として複合型TiNが形成される。このMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNは前述のとおり溶鋼の凝固温度近傍で生成するため、フェライト晶出核として有効に作用し、等軸晶率の向上をもたらす。aOがさらに低下し、LogaOが−5.0より低くなると、生成する介在物はCaO−Al2O3系、あるいはCaO系,MgO系,CaS系などになる。前述のようにCaO−Al2O3系介在物は溶鋼の凝固温度付近で液相であるため、CaO−Al2O3系複合型TiNはフェライト晶出核として機能しない。また、CaO系,MgO系,CaS系の複合型TiNは、生成温度域が溶鋼の凝固温度よりもかなり高いために、鋳造時までに凝集・合体して浮上分離されやすく、フェライト晶出核として利用され難い。このため、等軸晶率は向上しない。
【0020】
溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを上記所定範囲に安定させるためには、例えば、真空下や不活性ガス雰囲気下で脱酸剤のAlを添加し、CaO−Al2O3を主成分とする系のスラグを溶鋼に接触させながらスラグ/メタルを攪拌する精錬方法が採用できる。スラグにはCaF2等の造滓剤を含んでいてもよい。CaOを30質量%以上、Al2O3を10質量%以上含有するスラグが好適に使用できる。攪拌時間は限定的ではないが5分以上が好ましい。
【0021】
TiNの核となるMgO−Al2O3系介在物を生成させるにはMgとAlが溶鋼中に存在するか、あるいは外部から溶鋼中に供給されなければならない。
Alの供給手段としては脱酸剤としてAlを添加すること(Al脱酸を行うこと)が最も簡単である。しかし、Al脱酸を行わない場合でも、例えばCaOとAl2O3を主成分として含有するスラグを溶鋼と接触させることにより、aOの値によってスラグ中のAl2O3が還元され溶鋼中に金属Alとして溶解し、これがMgO−Al2O3系介在物の形成源になる。すなわち、脱酸剤は、Al,Si,Mn,Ti,Ca,Mg,REM(希土類元素)のうち1種または2種以上を使用して差し支えない。
【0022】
また、Mgの供給手段としては合金成分として、あるいは脱酸剤として溶鋼中にMgを添加することが有効である。しかし、特にMgを添加しなくても、精錬容器の内張り耐火物にMgO含有耐火物を使用している場合には、aOの値によって耐火物中のMgOが還元され溶鋼中に金属Mgとして溶解し、これがMgO−Al2O3系介在物の形成源になる。発明者らは種々検討の結果、MgO含有率が概ね60質量%以上のMgO含有耐火物を、精錬容器内面の溶鋼接触面のうち概ね50%以上に使用することで良好な結果が得られることを確認している。
【0023】
本発明では、精錬における成分調整後に酸素活量aOの値が上記所定範囲内になっていることが重要である。このため、成分調整時に酸素センサーを用いて溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを実測することが非常に有効である。酸素センサーとして酸素濃淡電池を使用すると、短時間でaOの測定が可能であり、精錬中に複数回測定しても操業上、特に障害にならない。酸素濃淡電池としてジルコニア固体電解質を用いたものが工業上広く利用されており、本発明でもこれが好適に使用できる。
【0024】
酸素活量aOの調整方法として、例えば、精錬での成分調整に際し、脱酸未完了の段階にある溶鋼(1次脱酸を若干不足気味に行った溶鋼など)について、まず酸素センサーでaOを測定し、その結果を見て必要な量だけ2次脱酸を行う方法が採用できる。実測されたaO値に応じて必要となる脱酸剤の量は、予め実験データや過去の溶製実績データを基に検量線を作成しておくことで、迅速に決定することができる。より確実にaO値を所定範囲内(すなわちLogaO値を−5.0〜−3.0の範囲内)に収めるには、2次脱酸後に再度酸素センサーでaOを測定し、結果を確認すればよい。
【0025】
本発明では、特に、段階的に脱酸を行いながらaO値を適正範囲にもっていく成分調整方法として、以下のものを提供する。すなわち、成分調整において、脱酸未完了の段階で下記ステップ2を実施し、その後、ステップ1〜3を、ステップ3で成分調整を終了するまで1回または繰返し実行する。
〔ステップ1〕前回のステップ2で求めた実測LogaO値を基に脱酸剤添加後のLogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0になるのに必要な脱酸剤の添加量を決め、これを添加して脱酸を行う。
〔ステップ2〕酸素濃淡電池を用いて溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを測定し、そのaO値からLogaO値(「実測LogaO値」という)を求める。
〔ステップ3〕実測LogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0の範囲にある場合は成分調整を終了する。
この場合も、成分調整時にCaOとAl2O3を主成分とするスラグを溶鋼と接触させ、ステップ1で脱酸剤を添加した後、スラグ/メタルを攪拌すること、および、MgO含有耐火物を内張り耐火物の一部または全部に使用した精錬容器中で成分調整を行うことが非常に有効である。
【0026】
酸素活量aOが所定範囲に収まり、成分調整が終了した溶鋼は、通常の量産手法により連続鋳造に供することができる。連続鋳造時には、タンディッシュ内の溶鋼の過熱度を20〜70℃の間に維持して操業を行えば、電磁攪拌を行わなくても等軸晶率50%以上の鋳片が得られる。電磁攪拌は必須ではないが、行わないよりは行った方がよい。ここで、連続鋳造によって得られる「鋳片」とは、スラブ,ビレットまたはブルームを意味する。「過熱度」とは、鋳造時の溶鋼の温度と溶鋼の液相線温度の差を意味する。「等軸晶率」とは、鋳片の鋳造方向に垂直な断面における等軸晶帯の面積率を意味する。
【0027】
このようにして得られた鋳片を用いると、特段の加工・熱処理を施すことなく、バンド状組織のない製品が得られる。冷延鋼板を製造する場合であれば、スラブを通常の汎用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板と同様の熱間圧延および冷間圧延プロセスで製造しても、バンド状組織は生成せず、優れた耐リジング性および加工性を呈するものとなる。この鋼板は、TiとNの濃度積(Ti質量%×N質量%)が0.0007〜0.004であり、かつ鋼板断面において複合型TiNの総数に占めるMgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiNの数が50%以上である鋼板として特定される。
なお、TiNは、鋼板製造時の熱履歴では再固溶せず、また、熱延,冷延時に圧延方向に延ばされず形態が変化しにくいので、鋳片以降のどの段階で観察しても数が大幅に変化することはない。したがって、TiNの数の測定は、スラブ断面,熱延板断面,冷延板断面のいずれで行ってもよい。
【0028】
本発明で対象とするフェライト系ステンレス鋼は、Crを9〜30質量%含有するものである。Crが9質量%未満だと耐食性が不足し、30質量%を超えると製造性が悪化する。また、前述のとおり、TiとNの濃度積(Ti質量%×N質量%)が0.0007〜0.004の範囲になくてはならないが、Ti含有量は0.1〜0.3質量%,N含有量は0.007〜0.015質量%の範囲にあることが好ましい。
【0029】
その他の合金成分としては、質量%で、C:0.1%以下,Si:1.0%以下,Mn:1.0%以下を含むことができ、必要に応じて、耐食性および強度向上に有効なMoを3.0%以下、強度向上に有効なZrを1.0%以下、加工性改善に有効なNbを1.0%以下、強度向上に有効なVを1.0%以下、熱間加工性改善および二次加工性改善に有効なBおよび/またはREMを0.05%以下含んでもよい。さらに、他の任意成分として、Y,Ca,Mg,W,Ag,Cu,Sn等の1種または2種以上を含むこともできる。不純物であるSは0.02%以下,Pは0.05%以下に抑えられていることが好ましい。
【0030】
【実施例】
【0031】
フェライト系ステンレス鋼(70トン/チャージ)を電気炉,転炉,VOD工程を経て溶製し、スラブに連続鋳造した。表1に溶製材の化学成分値を示す。
【0032】
【表1】
【0033】
VODでの真空精錬において、1次脱酸後に、ジルコニア系固体電解質を用いた酸素センサーを溶鋼中に浸漬し、その酸素濃淡電池の起電力を測定して酸素活量aO値に換算し、LogaO値を求めた。そして、あらかじめ作成しておいた検量線から2次脱酸後のLogaO値が本発明規定範囲内になるように、あるいは比較のためにそれを外れるように追加脱酸剤の量を決定してこれを添加し、2次脱酸を行った。その後、成分調整を経て確認のために再度aOを測定した。
【0034】
精錬時にはAl2O3を10〜30質量%含有するCaO−Al2O3系スラグを使用した。脱酸剤はチャージによりAlを用いるか、またはAlとFe−Siを用いた。精錬容器は、MgOを約60質量%含有するマグドロ系の耐火物により溶鋼接触面のほぼ全面を内張りしたものを用いた。真空度は50〜200Paの範囲であり、脱酸剤投入後、ポーラスプラグを通じて溶鋼中にArを300〜500NL/minの流量で約5分吹き込み、スラグ/メタルを攪拌した。表1中には、2次脱酸後の最終的なLogaO値、およびTiとNの濃度積(Ti×N)を併せて示した。
【0035】
得られたスラブからサンプルを切り出し、スラブの厚みに対する等軸晶帯の厚みの割合を数点測定し、測定値を平均化して等軸晶率を求めた。また、常法に従ってスラブを熱延→熱延板焼鈍→冷延→仕上げ焼鈍の工程に供し、冷延板を作製した。得られた冷延板から以下に示す種々の試験を行った。
【0036】
介在物の評価は、冷延板の冷延方向と板厚方向を含む断面(L断面)に研磨を施し、X線マイクロアナライザーを用いて複合型TiNの核介在物の定量分析を行い、全複合型TiNに占めるMgO−Al2O3系介在物を核にもつ複合型TiNの割合(表2において「MgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの存在割合」と表記)を算出した。
【0037】
リジングの評価は、冷延板からJIS 5号引張試験片を圧延方向に平行に切り出し、試験片の表面を鏡面研磨した後、この試験片に20%引張変形を付与し、目視により当該試験片表面の凹凸発生状況からリジング判定を行った。リジング判定は、5段階で評価した。リジング判定が2以下の場合、実用上問題の無い優れた耐リジング性を有している。
【0038】
加工性の評価は、JIS 13B号引張り試験片を用いてr値(ランクフォード値)を測定することにより行った。r値が1.0以上の場合を加工性良好と判断した。
表2に、これらの結果を示す。2次脱酸後の最終的なLogaO値およびTi×N値も併せて示す。
【0039】
【表2】
【0040】
Ti×Nが0.0007〜0.004になり、かつLogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0の範囲になるように成分調整して溶製した本発明例No.1〜5は、鋳片の等軸晶率が50%以上になり、得られた冷延板は優れた耐リジング性と加工性を有していた。これらの冷延板はMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの存在割合が50%以上であった。また、Ti×Nが0.0007〜0.004の範囲にあることから、生成したMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの個数も等軸晶率50%以上を実現する上で十分な数であったと言える。
【0041】
これに対し、No.6,7,9,10の比較例は、成分調整後のLogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0の範囲を外れたため、鋳片の等軸晶率が50%を下回り、耐リジング性と加工性に劣った。これらの冷延板はMgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの存在割合が50%に満たないものであった。No.8の比較例は、成分調整後のLogaO値は適正範囲であったが、Ti×N値が0.0007を下回ったものであり、MgO−Al2O3系複合型TiNの生成数が不十分となったため、鋳片の等軸晶率は50%未満となり、耐リジング性と加工性に劣った。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、TiとNの濃度積が0.0007〜0.004となり、かつ酸素活量aOの常用対数LogaOが−5.0〜−3.0の範囲になるように成分調整することを骨子とする本発明の溶製法に従えば、フェライト系ステンレス鋼の鋳片中の等軸晶率を安定して50%以上に向上させることができ、その結果、特別に工程負荷をかけることなく通常の汎用フェライト系ステンレス鋼の熱延・冷延プロセスで耐リジング性・加工性に優れた鋼板が容易かつ安定的に製造できる。特に、この溶製法では、通常の脱酸プロセスを利用して酸素活量aOを調整でき、その際、酸素活量aOの測定は酸素センサーを用いて迅速に実施でき、また原材料や鋳造条件も通常の範囲とすることができるので、溶製コストの増加を最小限に抑えられる。本発明によって提供される鋼板は、外観の優れた厨房機器,各種電気機器,自動車用材料,建材などとして広範な分野で使用される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】単独型TiNおよび複合型TiNの典型的な形態を表した模式図である。
【図2】成分調整後のフェライト系ステンレス鋼の溶鋼における酸素活量aOの常用対数LogaOの値と、鋳片中に観察される複合型TiNの種類および等軸晶率の関係を表したグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for melting ferritic stainless steel in which composite type TiN is generated to increase the equiaxed crystal ratio in a slab and to improve ridging resistance and workability, and a ferritic stainless steel plate obtained by the melting method About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ferritic stainless steel represented by SUS430 has excellent workability and corrosion resistance, and is relatively inexpensive. Therefore, it is used in a wide range of fields such as kitchen equipment, electrical products, and automotive materials. However, when cold working such as deep drawing and bending is performed on a steel plate produced by rolling a continuous cast of ferritic stainless steel, striped undulations called ridging occur along the rolling direction, and the appearance of the product May be significantly impaired. The generation of ridging is generally caused by the fact that the coarse columnar crystal structure generated during continuous casting is not sufficiently destroyed in the hot rolling process, and that a texture composed of a coarse band-like structure remains. It is considered. This band-like structure causes deterioration of workability such as cracking and anisotropy during processing.
[0003]
In order to suppress such a band-like structure, a technique of refining the structure by recrystallization by repeating cold rolling and annealing a plurality of times after hot rolling is effective. However, repeated cold rolling and annealing a plurality of times imposes a load on the process, leading to an increase in manufacturing costs and a decrease in productivity, and thus cannot be said to be suitable for mass production of inexpensive ferritic steel types. Further, it is not always easy to completely eliminate the influence of the band-like tissue by such a method.
[0004]
Therefore, a melting method for increasing the equiaxed crystal ratio has been developed so that a coarse columnar crystal structure does not develop in a cast piece (continuous cast slab or the like). As the method, a method of casting with a relatively low temperature of the molten steel and a method of casting the molten steel with electromagnetic stirring are well known. However, in low temperature casting, casting is performed by lowering the casting temperature to near the solidification temperature of the molten steel, so troubles such as nozzle clogging are likely to occur during operation, and it is difficult to implement on a mass production operation basis. On the other hand, although electromagnetic stirring can be carried out relatively easily, the equiaxed crystal ratio that can be stably achieved is only about 40 to 50%, in order to produce a steel sheet having excellent ridging resistance in a normal cold rolling process. It is not easy to clear the lower limit of the equiaxed crystal ratio that is required for 50%. For this reason, in order to improve the ridging resistance at a high level, a cold rolling / annealing process having a certain amount of load must be used in combination.
[0005]
Recently, a technique has been reported in which Ti is added to ferritic stainless steel and TiN formed in molten steel is used as a nucleation site for ferrite to equiax the solidified structure. For example, JP 2000-160229, in JP 2000-160230, to adjust the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio of CaO-Al 2 O 3 based slag 0.7-2.5, by blowing an inert gas into the molten steel A technology that improves the equiaxed crystal ratio by controlling the morphology of TiN so that it is mainly composed of “single-type TiN” that does not have oxide as a nucleus by stirring Ti for more than 5 minutes. Is disclosed. However, in order to adjust the slag composition, a large amount of a slagging agent is required, which takes time. For this reason, it is not necessarily preferable to apply this method to the melting of inherently inexpensive ferritic general-purpose steel types, and a more practical means is desired.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-30395 uses a MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusion as a crystallization nucleus of TiN, and this “composite type TiN” increases the equiaxed crystal ratio of ferritic stainless steel. Is disclosed. This technology strictly regulates the amounts of Al and Mg, and strictly controls the relationship between the solidification temperature T 1 , the casting temperature T 2, and the temperature T 3 determined as a function of the amounts of N, Ti, and Cr in the molten steel. It is essential to do. However, controlling the casting temperature by estimating the solidification temperature for each melt charge causes an increase in work load in actual operation and decreases productivity. Further, even if the Al and Mg amounts are strictly regulated, it takes time for the analysis, and therefore an improvement measure for improving the speed of component adjustment is desired.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a melting method that satisfies the following requirements i) to iii) as a method for obtaining a slab having a high equiaxed crystal ratio.
i) Refining is possible within the range of raw materials used in normal ferritic stainless steel melting. For example, the type and amount used in normal melting hardly change the amount of materials used in normal melting. thing,
ii) Being castable under the same conditions as ordinary ferritic stainless steel, for example, there is no need to regulate the casting temperature and stirring conditions,
iii) Basically, the equiaxed crystal ratio of the slab can be controlled only by adjusting the components, and the components can be adjusted quickly and reliably.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a ferritic stainless steel sheet having excellent ridging resistance and workability obtained by the melting method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies, the inventors have drastically improved the conventional melting method in the technology of producing “composite type” TiN having MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions as the core in molten steel. It has been found that the above object can be achieved.
That is, in the present invention, Cr: 9 to 30% by mass , T i : 0.1 to 0.3 % by mass, N: 0.007 to 0.015 % by mass , and a composite type TiN having a MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusion as a core is cast. When melting ferritic stainless steel contained in the piece, the concentration product of Ti and N (Ti mass% × N mass%) is 0.0007 to 0.004, and the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel is measured. The present invention provides a method for melting ferritic stainless steel excellent in ridging resistance and workability, characterized in that the components are adjusted so that the common logarithm Loga O is -5.0 to -3.0, and then cast.
[0009]
Further, in the component adjustment, at least once, to provide a melting method for measuring the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel by using the oxygen sensor.
Further, as a specific method, in the component adjustment, the following
[Step 1] Based on the actual measured Loga O value obtained in the
[Step 2] using the oxygen concentration cell to measure the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel obtained Loga O value (referred to as "actual Loga O value") from the a O value.
[Step 3] If the measured Loga O value is in the range of -5.0 to -3.0, the component adjustment is terminated.
[0010]
Further, in particular, a slag mainly composed of CaO and Al 2 O 3 is brought into contact with molten steel at the time of adjusting the components, and after adding a deoxidizer in step 1 above, a slag / metal stirring method, or further MgO Provided is a melting method using a smelting vessel in which a contained refractory is used for part or all of a lining refractory.
Here, “slag containing CaO and Al 2 O 3 as main components” means a material containing 30% by mass or more of CaO and 10% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 .
[0011]
“ Composite TiN” is a type of TiN inclusion in which TiN is generated around oxide inclusions or sulfide inclusions as the core, and inclusions other than TiN are included in some of the inclusion particles. In terms of inclusion, it is distinguished in form from “single-type TiN” that exists alone in TiN.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The phenomenon that the equiaxed crystal ratio in the slab increases when TiN inclusions are present when the molten ferritic stainless steel solidifies has already been confirmed by a plurality of researchers. The following factors can cause the phenomenon.
(1) TiN has good wettability with molten steel.
(2) Since TiN has a small degree of mismatch with the crystal lattice of ferrite, a new ferrite crystal is easily crystallized with TiN as a nucleus.
For this reason, when the environment in which TiN is generated near the liquidus temperature of molten steel is prepared, the generated TiN can function as a ferrite nucleation nucleus before floating and separation as inclusions. The vigorous growth of crystals is suppressed and the equiaxed crystal ratio is increased.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, TiN includes a type in which TiN is homogeneously nucleated (single type TiN), and TiN is heterogeneously nucleated around oxide inclusions and sulfide inclusions. Type (composite type TiN). Since the single type TiN has a generation temperature in the vicinity of the liquidus temperature of the molten steel, the equiaxed crystal ratio is improved if it can be sufficiently generated in the molten steel. However, this requires strict adjustment of the slag composition and insufflation of an inert gas (the above-mentioned JP-A-2000-160229 and JP-A-2000-160230), which necessitates complicated means in operation. On the other hand, as an example of using composite type TiN, there is one in which the equiaxed crystal ratio is increased by making inclusions serving as nuclei of TiN based on MgO-Al 2 O 3 (see the above-mentioned JP-A-2002-30395). In order to do so, there are many points that need to be improved, such as the need to strictly control the components and casting temperature (described above).
[0014]
The inventors melted ferritic stainless steel slabs containing various composite-type TiN, and quantitatively analyzed the composite-type TiN using an X-ray microanalyzer. Then, the relationship between the type of inclusions serving as nuclei (hereinafter referred to as “nuclear inclusions”) and the equiaxed crystal ratio was examined in detail. As a result, it became clear that the contribution to equiaxed crystallization varies greatly depending on the type of nuclear inclusions in the composite type TiN. That is, the composite type TiN whose nucleus inclusions are mainly MgO—Al 2 O 3 system is generated near the solidification temperature of the molten steel, and therefore effectively acts as a nucleation site for equiaxed crystals. On the other hand, in the composite type TiN whose core inclusions are CaO-Al 2 O 3 system, since the CaO-Al 2 O 3 system inclusions themselves are in the liquid phase in the solidification temperature range of the molten steel, TiN is a heterogeneous core. It does not form and precipitates on solid phase CaO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions after solidification. Therefore, it does not act as an equiaxed nucleation site. On the other hand, compound type TiN whose core inclusions are mainly CaO, MgO, Ti oxide, and CaS has a formation temperature that is considerably higher than the solidification temperature of molten steel, so TiN tends to agglomerate and coalesce and float and separate. It is difficult to use as a nucleation site for axial crystals.
As described above, it was confirmed that it is effective in increasing the equiaxed crystal ratio to sufficiently produce composite type TiN having MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions as nuclei in molten steel. Hereinafter, the “composite type TiN having a MgO—Al 2 O 3 type inclusion in the nucleus” may be referred to as “MgO—Al 2 O 3 type composite type TiN”.
[0015]
Here, the core “MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusion” is an inclusion having a composition of spinel (MgO · Al 2 O 3 ) or the vicinity thereof, and contains 50% by mass of Al 2 O 3. As mentioned above, it means that containing 10% by mass or more of MgO. In addition to MgO and Al 2 O 3 , oxide inclusions such as CaO, SiO 2 , MnO, and Ti oxides and sulfide inclusions such as CaS and MnS are contained in a total amount of 40% by mass or less. You may do it.
[0016]
Even if MgO—Al 2 O 3 composite type TiN is produced, if the number is too small, the effect of improving the equiaxed crystal ratio is insufficient. As a result of various studies, if Ti and N are contained in the steel so that the concentration product of Ti and N (Ti mass% × N mass%) is 0.0007 or more, an equiaxed crystal ratio of 50% or more is realized. It was revealed that a sufficient amount of the composite type TiN can be secured. If too much TiN is generated, surface flaws on steel and cracking during processing will be a problem, but it is understood that these problems can be resolved by limiting the concentration product of Ti and N to a range of 0.004 or less. It was.
[0017]
Next, a method of generating a sufficient amount of MgO—Al 2 O 3 composite TiN in molten steel before solidification will be described.
Inventors have found the detailed study and found that there is a correlation between the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel and the kind of inclusions as a core (composition). Fig. 2 shows the value of the common logarithm Loga O of the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel after the component adjustment, the type of the composite type TiN observed in the cast slab (continuous cast slab), and the equiaxed axis. The example which investigated the relationship of the crystallinity is shown. The plot in FIG. 2 shows what type of composite type TiN occupies the majority of the composite type TiN present in the slab. For example, the circled mark means that the proportion of MgO-Al 2 O 3 based composite TiN (number ratio) is 50% or more of all composite type TiN, and the ■ mark plot is CaO-Al 2 O. This means that the existence ratio of 3 type composite TiN (complex type TiN having CaO-Al 2 O 3 type inclusions in the nucleus) is 50% or more. In each of the examples of melting in each plot, the components were adjusted so that the concentration product of Ti and N was 0.0007 to 0.004.
[0018]
From Figure 2, when the common logarithm Loga O of oxygen activity a O is finally component adjusted to -5.0~-3.0, MgO-Al 2
[0019]
The relationship between the oxygen activity a O and the form of the composite TiN will be briefly described. When a 2 O is high, Ti is easily oxidized because deoxidation is not so effective, and composite type TiN having Ti oxide as a core inclusion is generated. In this case, Ti in the molten steel is consumed as nuclear inclusions, so that a sufficient amount of TiN cannot be secured. As a result, the equiaxed crystal ratio does not improve much. a O is reduced, in the range Loga O is -5.0 3.0, oxides produced will spinel (MgO · Al 2 O 3) or MgO-Al 2 O 3 system having a composition close to that it mainly, it A composite type TiN is formed as a nucleus. Since this MgO—Al 2 O 3 composite type TiN is generated near the solidification temperature of the molten steel as described above, it effectively acts as a ferrite crystallization nucleus and brings about an improvement in the equiaxed crystal ratio. a O is further lowered, the Loga O is lower than -5.0, inclusions resulting in CaO-Al 2 O 3 system, or CaO based, MgO system, becomes like CaS system. As described above, since CaO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions are in a liquid phase near the solidification temperature of molten steel, CaO—Al 2 O 3 composite TiN does not function as ferrite crystallization nuclei. In addition, CaO-based, MgO-based, and CaS-based composite type TiN has a generation temperature range that is considerably higher than the solidification temperature of molten steel. It is difficult to use. For this reason, the equiaxed crystal ratio is not improved.
[0020]
The oxygen activity a O in the molten steel to stabilize the predetermined range, for example, the addition of Al of an acid acceptor under vacuum or under an inert gas atmosphere, composed mainly of CaO-Al 2 O 3 A refining method in which the slag / metal is stirred while bringing the slag of the system into contact with the molten steel can be employed. The slag may contain a fouling agent such as CaF 2 . A slag containing 30% by mass or more of CaO and 10% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 can be preferably used. The stirring time is not limited, but is preferably 5 minutes or longer.
[0021]
In order to produce MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions that become the core of TiN, Mg and Al must be present in the molten steel or supplied to the molten steel from the outside.
The simplest way to supply Al is to add Al as a deoxidizer (to perform Al deoxidation). However, even when Al deoxidation is not performed, for example, by bringing slag containing CaO and Al 2 O 3 as main components into contact with the molten steel, the Al 2 O 3 in the slag is reduced by the value of a O , and thus in the molten steel. As a metal Al, it is dissolved as a source of formation of MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions. That is, the deoxidizer may be one or more of Al, Si, Mn, Ti, Ca, Mg, and REM (rare earth elements).
[0022]
Further, as a means for supplying Mg, it is effective to add Mg into the molten steel as an alloy component or as a deoxidizer. However, even without particularly adding Mg, when using the MgO-containing refractory to refractory lining of the refining vessel, the metal Mg in the molten steel are reduced the MgO in the refractory by the value of a O Dissolves and becomes the source of formation of MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions. As a result of various studies, the inventors have found that good results can be obtained by using MgO-containing refractories with an MgO content of approximately 60% by mass or more for approximately 50% or more of the molten steel contact surface on the inner surface of the refining vessel. Have confirmed.
[0023]
In the present invention, the value of oxygen activity a O after component adjustment in refining it is important that has become within the predetermined range. Therefore, it is very effective to actually measure the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel by using the oxygen sensor at the time of component adjustment. When an oxygen concentration cell is used as an oxygen sensor, a 2 O can be measured in a short time, and even if it is measured a plurality of times during refining, there is no particular obstacle in operation. An oxygen concentration battery using a zirconia solid electrolyte is widely used in industry, and can be suitably used in the present invention.
[0024]
As a method for adjusting the oxygen activity a O , for example, for a molten steel that has not been deoxidized at the time of component adjustment in refining (such as a molten steel that has undergone primary deoxidation slightly insufficiently) It is possible to employ a method in which O is measured and the result is subjected to secondary deoxidation by a necessary amount. The amount of the deoxidizer required according to the actually measured a 2 O value can be quickly determined by preparing a calibration curve based on experimental data and past melting record data in advance. To fit more securely within a predetermined range a O value (that is, within the range of -5.0 to 3.0 Loga O value) measures a O again oxygen sensor after the secondary deoxidation, if confirmed the results Good.
[0025]
In the present invention, the following are particularly provided as component adjustment methods for bringing the a 2 O value into an appropriate range while performing deoxidation stepwise. That is, in the component adjustment, the following
[Step 1] Based on the actual measured Loga O value obtained in the
[Step 2] using the oxygen concentration cell to measure the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel obtained Loga O value (referred to as "actual Loga O value") from the a O value.
[Step 3] If the measured Loga O value is in the range of -5.0 to -3.0, the component adjustment is terminated.
Also in this case, the slag mainly composed of CaO and Al 2 O 3 is brought into contact with the molten steel at the time of adjusting the ingredients, the deoxidizer is added in Step 1, the slag / metal is stirred, and the refractory containing MgO It is very effective to adjust the components in a refining vessel using a part of or all of the lining refractory.
[0026]
Fit oxygen activity a O is within a predetermined range, the molten steel component adjustment is completed, it can be subjected to continuous casting by conventional mass production techniques. During continuous casting, if the operation is performed while maintaining the superheat degree of the molten steel in the tundish at 20 to 70 ° C., a slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 50% or more can be obtained without electromagnetic stirring. Although electromagnetic stirring is not essential, it is better to do it than not. Here, the “slab” obtained by continuous casting means slab, billet or bloom. “Superheat degree” means the difference between the temperature of molten steel during casting and the liquidus temperature of molten steel. “Equiaxial crystal ratio” means the area ratio of the equiaxed crystal zone in the cross section perpendicular to the casting direction of the slab.
[0027]
When the slab thus obtained is used, a product having no band-like structure can be obtained without performing special processing and heat treatment. When manufacturing cold-rolled steel sheets, even if the slab is manufactured by the same hot rolling and cold rolling processes as those of general-purpose ferritic stainless steel sheets, no band-like structure is produced and excellent ridging resistance And it will exhibit processability. This steel sheet has a concentration product of Ti and N (Ti mass% × N mass%) of 0.0007 to 0.004, and has MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the total number of composite type TiN in the cross section of the steel sheet. It is specified as a steel sheet having a composite type TiN of 50% or more.
Note that TiN does not re-dissolve in the heat history at the time of manufacturing the steel sheet, and is not extended in the rolling direction during hot rolling or cold rolling, so that the form does not change easily. Will not change significantly. Therefore, the number of TiNs may be measured at any of the slab cross section, hot rolled plate cross section, and cold rolled plate cross section.
[0028]
The ferritic stainless steel targeted by the present invention contains 9 to 30% by mass of Cr. When Cr is less than 9% by mass, the corrosion resistance is insufficient, and when it exceeds 30% by mass, the productivity deteriorates. As described above, the concentration product of Ti and N (Ti mass% × N mass%) must be in the range of 0.0007 to 0.004, but the Ti content is 0.1 to 0.3 mass%, and the N content is 0.007 to 0.007. It is preferable to be in the range of 0.015% by mass.
[0029]
Other alloy components can include C: 0.1% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less in terms of mass%, and if necessary, Mo effective for improving corrosion resistance and strength is 3.0%. Below, Zr effective for strength improvement is 1.0% or less, Nb effective for workability improvement is 1.0% or less, V effective for strength improvement is 1.0% or less, effective for hot workability improvement and secondary workability improvement B and / or REM may be included in an amount of 0.05% or less. Furthermore, as other optional components, one or more of Y, Ca, Mg, W, Ag, Cu, Sn and the like can be included. It is preferable that S as an impurity is suppressed to 0.02% or less and P is suppressed to 0.05% or less.
[0030]
【Example】
[0031]
Ferritic stainless steel (70 tons / charge) was melted through an electric furnace, converter, and VOD process, and continuously cast into a slab. Table 1 shows the chemical component values of the melted material.
[0032]
[Table 1]
[0033]
In the vacuum refining in VOD, after the primary deoxidation, an oxygen sensor using zirconia based solid electrolyte is immersed in the molten steel, in terms of oxygen activity a O value by measuring the electromotive force of the oxygen concentration cell, Loga O value was determined. Then, determine the amount of additional deoxidizer so that the Loga O value after secondary deoxidation is within the range specified in the present invention from the calibration curve prepared in advance, or for the purpose of comparison. This was added and secondary deoxidation was performed. Thereafter, a 2 O was measured again for confirmation through component adjustment.
[0034]
During refining using CaO-Al 2 O 3 slag containing Al 2 O 3 10 to 30 wt%. As the deoxidizer, Al was used by charging, or Al and Fe-Si were used. The refining vessel used was a refractory material containing about 60% by mass of MgO with almost all of the contact surface of the molten steel lined. The degree of vacuum was in the range of 50 to 200 Pa. After adding the deoxidizer, Ar was blown into the molten steel through a porous plug at a flow rate of 300 to 500 NL / min for about 5 minutes to stir the slag / metal. Table 1 also shows the final Loga O value after the secondary deoxidation and the concentration product of Ti and N (Ti × N).
[0035]
A sample was cut out from the obtained slab, the ratio of the thickness of the equiaxed crystal zone to the thickness of the slab was measured at several points, and the measured values were averaged to obtain the equiaxed crystal ratio. Moreover, the slab was subjected to the steps of hot rolling → hot rolled sheet annealing → cold rolling → finish annealing in accordance with a conventional method to produce a cold rolled sheet. Various tests shown below were performed from the obtained cold-rolled sheet.
[0036]
The inclusions were evaluated by polishing the cross section (L cross section) including the cold rolling direction and the thickness direction of the cold rolled plate, and quantitatively analyzing the nuclear inclusions of the composite type TiN using an X-ray microanalyzer. The ratio of composite type TiN having MgO—Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the core of the composite type TiN (denoted as “abundance ratio of MgO—Al 2 O 3 type composite TiN” in Table 2) was calculated.
[0037]
Evaluation of ridging is performed by cutting a JIS No. 5 tensile test piece from a cold-rolled plate in parallel with the rolling direction, mirror-polishing the surface of the test piece, giving 20% tensile deformation to the test piece, and visually checking the test piece. Ridging was determined based on the surface roughness. The ridging judgment was evaluated in five stages. When the ridging determination is 2 or less, it has excellent ridging resistance with no practical problem.
[0038]
The workability was evaluated by measuring the r value (Rankford value) using a JIS 13B tensile test piece. When the r value was 1.0 or more, it was judged that the workability was good.
Table 2 shows these results. The final Loga O value and Ti × N value after secondary deoxidation are also shown.
[0039]
[Table 2]
[0040]
Example Nos. 1 to 5 of the present invention prepared by adjusting the components so that Ti × N is 0.0007 to 0.004 and the Loga O value is in the range of −5.0 to −3.0 are the equiaxed crystal ratio of the slab. The obtained cold-rolled sheet had excellent ridging resistance and workability. These cold-rolled sheets had a MgO—Al 2 O 3 composite TiN content of 50% or more. Further, since Ti × N is in the range of 0.0007 to 0.004, it can be said that the number of MgO—Al 2 O 3 composite TiN produced was sufficient to achieve an equiaxed crystal ratio of 50% or more. .
[0041]
On the other hand, in the comparative examples of No. 6, 7, 9, and 10, since the Loga O value after component adjustment was out of the range of −5.0 to −3.0, the equiaxed crystal ratio of the slab was less than 50%. Poor ridging resistance and processability. These cold-rolled sheets had a MgO-Al 2 O 3 composite TiN content of less than 50%. In the comparative example of No. 8, the Loga O value after component adjustment was in the proper range, but the Ti × N value was less than 0.0007, and the number of MgO-Al 2 O 3 composite TiN produced was Since it became insufficient, the equiaxed crystal ratio of the slab was less than 50%, and the ridging resistance and workability were inferior.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention to outline that the concentration product of Ti and N are components adjusted so becomes 0.0007 to 0.004, and common logarithm Loga O of oxygen activity a O is in the range of -5.0 to 3.0 If this method is followed, the equiaxed crystal ratio in the slabs of ferritic stainless steel can be stably improved to 50% or more, and as a result, the ordinary general-purpose ferrite system can be used without any special process load. Steel plates with excellent ridging resistance and workability can be manufactured easily and stably by hot and cold rolling processes of stainless steel. In particular, in this melting process, by using a conventional deoxidation process can adjust the oxygen activity a O, this time, the measurement of the oxygen activity a O is quickly carried out using an oxygen sensor, also raw materials and casting Since the conditions can also be within the normal range, an increase in melting costs can be minimized. The steel sheet provided by the present invention is used in a wide range of fields as kitchen equipment having excellent appearance, various electrical equipment, automotive materials, building materials, and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing typical forms of a single type TiN and a composite type TiN.
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the value of the common logarithm Loga O of the oxygen activity a O in the molten ferritic stainless steel after component adjustment, the type of composite TiN observed in the slab and the equiaxed crystal ratio. It is a graph.
Claims (5)
〔ステップ1〕前回のステップ2で求めた実測LogaO値を基に脱酸剤添加後のLogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0になるのに必要な脱酸剤の添加量を決め、これを添加して脱酸を行う。
〔ステップ2〕酸素濃淡電池を用いて溶鋼中の酸素活量aOを測定し、そのaO値からLogaO値(「実測LogaO値」という)を求める。
〔ステップ3〕実測LogaO値が−5.0〜−3.0の範囲にある場合は成分調整を終了する。2. The melting method according to claim 1, wherein in the component adjustment, the following step 2 is performed in a stage where deoxidation is not completed, and thereafter, steps 1 to 3 are executed once or repeatedly until the component adjustment is completed in step 3.
[Step 1] Based on the actual measured Loga O value obtained in the previous Step 2, determine the amount of deoxidizer added so that the Loga O value after deoxidizer addition is -5.0 to -3.0. Add and deoxidize.
[Step 2] using the oxygen concentration cell to measure the oxygen activity a O in the molten steel obtained Loga O value (referred to as "actual Loga O value") from the a O value.
[Step 3] If the measured Loga O value is in the range of -5.0 to -3.0, the component adjustment is terminated.
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| KR101630958B1 (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-06-16 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method for refining ferritic stainless steel |
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