JP3986335B2 - High quality fuel production apparatus and production method from organic waste - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-quality fuel production apparatus and production method from organic waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a treatment method in which pyrolysis gas is obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste and burned, only the cracked gas is burned. For this reason, there is an advantage that high-temperature combustion is possible in an atmosphere where there are few metals and soot and there is little production of dioxins.
[0003]
On the other hand, in the carbide obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste, metals, salts and ash in the raw material remain, so when using this as fuel, volatilization of salts, Problems that affect the environment, such as the generation of soot and the production of dioxins, are more likely to occur. Therefore, in order to prevent such a problem from occurring, it is necessary to limit the combustion temperature and to make advanced exhaust gas detoxification equipment, and there is no economic rationality for using carbide as a fuel. For this reason, the use of the obtained carbide is limited to a fuel adsorbent and the like, and most of the carbide must be disposed of in landfills.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, and aims at providing the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for manufacturing high quality fuel from the carbide | carbonized_material obtained by thermally decomposing organic waste. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the high-quality fuel production apparatus from organic waste according to the present invention comprises a stirring means for stirring organic waste, and the stirred organic waste is heated from the outside to become carbide. A heating circulation system zone having an external heating means, in which the oxygen concentration is limited , and the carbide extracted from the circulation system zone and supplied to a sieve having a range of 10 to 30 mm and falling below the sieve into oil Floating and sorting means that divides into a carbon content that floats in the oil and becomes high-quality fuel and an ash that sinks in the oil by floating.
[0006]
The heating flow system zone is an apparatus that can be carbonized by heating from the outside rather than burning an organic substance under a low oxygen concentration. For example, the heating and circulation system zone is a carbonization furnace that heats from the outside, limiting the organic waste to an oxygen concentration of 5% or less. In the example of a carbonization furnace, an external heating kiln is suitable. The floating sorting means is a means for mixing two or more kinds of substances having different specific gravities in oil and separating them using the difference in specific gravities. One embodiment of the floating sorting means is a floating sorting machine.
[0007]
An apparatus for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to the present invention is provided between the heating and circulation system zone and the floating sorting means, and pulverizing means for pulverizing the carbon extracted from the heating and circulation system zone Can further be included. The pulverizing means refers to means for pulverizing carbon. In one embodiment of the grinding means, there is a grinding machine.
Properties of the oil is preferably a general power generation fuel such as heavy oil.
[0008]
Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste, and the high-quality production method is a heating flow system in which organic waste is limited to an oxygen concentration of 5% or less and heated from the outside. a supplying step of supplying the zone, a heating step of heating from the outside of the heating distribution system zone while maintaining the heating distribution system in the zone to a temperature 300 ° C. to 800 ° C., is withdrawn from the flow passage system zone, and 10 By supplying the carbide that has been supplied to the sieve in the range of ˜30 mm and falling below the sieve to the oil, the carbon content that floats in the oil and becomes high-quality fuel, and the ash that has submerged in the oil Sorting step.
[0009]
The method for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to the present invention may further include a pulverization step of pulverizing the carbon extracted from the heating flow system zone between the heating step and the sorting step. Is preferred.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, shapes, materials, relative arrangements, and the like of the products described in the present embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Absent.
[0011]
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, a high-quality fuel production apparatus 40 from organic waste includes a carbonization furnace 11, a heating jacket 12, an analysis extraction means 13, a quenching means 14, a cyclone 15, and an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 17. By these, the carbides described later are generated. Furthermore, the high-quality fuel production apparatus from organic waste includes a sieve 19, a pulverizer 20, and a floating sorter 21 using oil . By these, as will be described later, a high-quality fuel is produced from the generated carbide.
Further, in the present embodiment, a solid-liquid separator 26 for recovering oil is provided at the subsequent stage of the floating sorter 21. Examples of the solid-liquid separator 26 include a filtration dehydrator, a press dehydrator, and a centrifugal dehydrator.
[0012]
Next, the operation of the high-quality fuel production apparatus 40 from the organic waste according to the present embodiment will be described. By explaining this action, an embodiment of the method for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to the present invention will be described. Organic waste is continuously supplied by a supply means (not shown) to the carbonization furnace 11 which is a heating flow system zone limited to an oxygen concentration of 5% or less. This supply means can be constituted by a crusher and a screw feeder. The carbonization furnace 11 is preferably an external heat kiln.
[0013]
In the carbonization furnace 11 which is a heating and circulation system zone, oxygen is limited, and thermal decomposition mainly including chemical bond breakage which occurs under mild conditions is a dominant reaction rather than oxidative combustion accompanied by heat generation. And the carbonization furnace 11 in which the thermal decomposition reaction is performed should always be a heating and circulation system zone which can supply the raw material system which is organic waste, and can produce | generate and take out high quality fuel. In the carbonization furnace 11, it is necessary to supply heat necessary for thermal decomposition, which is an endothermic reaction, from the outside.
[0014]
Some oxygen of 5% or less in the carbonization furnace 11 is involved in the oxidation reaction, but the oxidation rate under such a low oxygen partial pressure condition is very slow, and heat is given from the inside by some exothermic reaction. Although contributing in terms, the local high temperature condition cannot be reached, leading to the production of toxic organic halides. In addition, since organic halogenated substances such as dioxins are hardly decomposed once generated, it is also important to limit the overall temperature of the carbonization furnace 11 to 300 to 800 ° C. in order to increase the yield of carbides. Element.
[0015]
Furthermore, it is desirable that the organic waste is crushed before being supplied to the carbonization furnace 11. At the time of this pulverization, it is desirable that about 0.3% of organic waste sodium carbonate is added to the catalyst and continuously supplied to the carbonization furnace 11. Here, in addition to sodium carbonate, it is desirable to supply the carbonization furnace 11 with organic waste and at least one compound selected from water vapor or metal carbonate, oxide, sulfate and hydroxide.
[0016]
The addition of water vapor reduces the oxygen partial pressure in the carbonization furnace 11 to suppress a violent oxidation reaction, and water reacts with carbon in the system to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, thereby reducing gas. It becomes an atmosphere, suppresses the production of toxic organic halogenated compounds, and contributes to fixing the carbon content in the raw material. In addition, metal carbonates, oxides, silicates, sulfates, and hydroxides have a catalytic action to promote carbon chain scission and an action to fix free halogen in the reaction system as an inorganic substance (metal salt). It can be seen that the method of the present invention is effective in rapidly proceeding at a low temperature. Examples of these compounds include sodium carbonate, iron oxide, calcium hydroxide and the like.
[0017]
Then, high temperature exhaust gas is circulated in the heating jacket 12 of the carbonization furnace 11 to heat the inside. During a sufficiently low temperature while the temperature is rising, the inside of the carbonization furnace 11 is flushed with nitrogen or water vapor to replace a part of the air inside and keep the oxygen concentration to 5% or less. The internal temperature of the carbonization furnace 11 is controlled to 300 to 800 ° C., and the carbide obtained from the tangible waste is led to the lower part of the separation / extraction means 13 at the end of the carbonization furnace 11 to obtain the carbide and incombustible material 18, and the pyrolysis gas Is taken out from the top and supplied to the cyclone 15. The separation / extraction means 13 is, for example, a cracked gas discharge pipe and a carbide discharge port connected to a solid-gas separation port provided in the vicinity of the terminal side outlet of the carbonization furnace 11. A screw conveyor for discharge may be attached to the carbide discharge port. The carbide 18 is extracted from the lower part of the separation / extraction means 13 at the end of the carbonization furnace 11 so that the kiln content in the carbonization furnace 11 is in a steady state in balance with the supply amount of the organic waste.
[0018]
It is preferable that a heat exchanger is provided as a quenching means 14 at the lower part of the separation / extraction means 13 at the end of the carbonization furnace 11. What is necessary is just to comprise in a heat exchanger so that the carbide | carbonized_material in the middle of extraction may contact and cool the heat-transfer surface of a heat exchanger. The other surface of the heat transfer surface is cooled with a low-temperature medium such as water to remove heat. From the viewpoint of cooling efficiency, the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger should be large in a limited space. Therefore, for example, the diameter of the pipe line can be enlarged to provide a cooling jacket surrounding the outside, a multi-tube heat exchanger inserted into the path, a finned tube, or the like. In the heat exchanger, it is desirable that the carbide mainly composed of carbon extracted from the carbonization furnace 11 which is a heating flow system zone is rapidly cooled to 250 ° C. or less and extracted. This is a means for preventing the conversion to a toxic halogenated compound such as dioxin when there is a residual halogenated substance transferred to the solid phase by the thermal decomposition. This operation is necessary in order to avoid contact with oxygen in the extracted air at high temperature.
[0019]
Since the pyrolysis gas discharged from the carbonization furnace 11 contains scattered particles, it is removed by the cyclone 15 or bag filter (such as a ceramic filter) and then burned in the high-temperature combustion furnace 16. The high-temperature combustion furnace 16 is characterized in that the pyrolysis gas extracted from the carbonization furnace 11 is subjected to high-temperature combustion at 850 to 1100 ° C. The high-temperature combustion furnace 16 includes, for example, a pipe for introducing a pyrolysis gas extracted from the carbonization furnace 11 and an air or oxygen-enriched air feed pipe, and a burner for burning the pyrolysis gas at a high temperature. A combustion furnace 16 having a discharge outlet. For example, depending on the use of high-temperature combustion exhaust gas or for the purpose of preventing burner wear, a dust remover is provided in the entrance path of the combustion furnace 16 to remove solid particles accompanying cracked gas, and then supplied to the high-temperature combustion furnace 16. It is also possible to do.
[0020]
This combustible (pyrolytic) gas still has a halogen source and thus contains causative agents that produce potentially toxic organic halogenated compounds, so these compounds are not produced, even if they are produced. Even if it is, it is burned in a high temperature range where it decomposes. Thereby, since the halogen contained in the system becomes hydrogen halide, it can be easily and inexpensively removed by neutralization with an alkaline substance or the like in the exhaust path. The obtained high-temperature exhaust gas can be effectively used as a heat source for heating the carbonization furnace 11 from the outside. Combustion air in the high-temperature combustion furnace 16 or oxygen-added air is introduced into the exhaust gas treatment device 17 through another path.
[0021]
A part of the high-temperature exhaust gas obtained in the high-temperature combustion furnace 16 is led to the lower part (heating jacket 12) of the carbonization furnace (external heating kiln) 11 and used for supplying heat necessary for decomposition, and from the outlet of the heating jacket 12 The gas after the heat supply, which is still high in temperature discharged, can be combined with a part of the high-temperature gas discharged from the high-temperature combustion furnace 16 to be used as a gas for heating the exhaust gas treatment device 17 (for example, a boiler).
[0022]
When the exhaust gas treatment device 17 is a boiler, the high-temperature boiler heating gas is guided to the boiler, where it is used as a heat source for generating steam, and the generated steam drives a steam turbine generator and is condensed by a condenser. It is also possible to return the recovered water to the boiler and circulate it again. The boiler heating gas exchanges heat in the boiler to become exhaust gas from the boiler, and can be discharged from the chimney after dust removal by the bag filter. Organic waste is treated by suppressing the production of toxic organic halogenated compounds, carbon that is the main source of carbon, which can be effectively used as resources, is acquired, and the boiler is operated by the generated heat source to operate the turbine generator The energy can be recovered effectively.
[0023]
Further, carbide and non-combustible material 18 produced in the carbonization furnace 11 or recovered by the cyclone 15 are supplied to the sieve 19. In the sieve 19, the metals remaining on the sieve 19 are collected. The carbide falling below the sieve 19 is sent to the grinder 20. The sieve 19 may be a sieve having a range of 10 to 30 mm.
[0024]
The pulverizer 20 pulverizes the carbide. Examples of the pulverizer 20 include an impact pulverizer using a high-speed rotating body, a vibration mill using a medium, and a tube mill. Carbide is supplied from the pulverizer 20 to the floating sorter 21. The floating sorter 21 floats and sorts carbon (carbon-rich (rich) particles) and ash (ash-rich particles) based on the density difference. In general, the carbon component has a lighter specific gravity and floats in the oil, while the ash component has a higher specific gravity and sinks in the oil .
[0025]
The carbon content becomes a carbon rich fuel. Since it is rich in carbon, it means a carbide whose calorie per weight is modified to about 3,000 kcal / kg to 7,000 kcal / g. The feature of the shape of the carbon-rich fuel obtained in the first embodiment has a particle size (diameter) of 10 μm to 1000 μm.
[0026]
Here, in the high quality fuel production apparatus 40 from the organic waste of FIG. 1 according to the present embodiment , water is not added by the pulverizer but oil is used by the floating sorter 21 . The type of oil is preferably a general power generation fuel such as heavy oil. Since it floats on oil in the floating sorter 21, the resulting carbon-rich carbide contains oil and becomes a liquid fuel with a high calorific value. Further, in the floating sorter 21, the ash containing the sinking oil is sent to the solid-liquid separator 26 and divided into solid ash and liquid oil. The oil collected by the solid-liquid separator 26 is sent to the floating sorter 21 and recycled.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above, by the high-quality fuel production apparatus and production method from the organic waste of the present invention, a clean, salt-free product is obtained from the carbide obtained by pyrolyzing the organic waste. High quality fuel can be produced. Furthermore, it is possible to produce a liquid fuel with excellent handling properties. In addition, high calorific value fuels of oil and carbide slurry can be produced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an embodiment of an apparatus for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 High quality fuel production apparatus from organic waste 11 Carbonization furnace 12 Heating jacket 13 Separation and extraction means 14 Quenching means 15 Cyclone 16 Combustion furnace 17 Exhaust gas treatment apparatus 18 Carbide, non-combustible matter 19 Sieve 20 Crusher 21 Floating sorter 26 Solid Liquid separator 40 High quality fuel production equipment from organic waste

Claims (4)

A heating circulation system zone having a stirring means for stirring the organic waste, and an external heating means for heating the stirred organic waste from the outside to form a carbide, and limiting the oxygen concentration;
A carbon content that floats in the oil and becomes a high-quality fuel by floating in the oil the carbide extracted from the distribution system zone and supplied to a sieve having a range of 10 to 30 mm and falling below the sieve. And an apparatus for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste, including floating sorting means for separating the ash from the oil.   The organic waste from the organic waste according to claim 1, further comprising a pulverizing unit provided between the heating and circulating system zone and the floating sorting unit and configured to pulverize the carbon extracted from the heated and circulating system zone. Quality fuel production equipment. A supply step of supplying organic waste to a heating distribution system zone in which oxygen concentration is limited to 5% or less and heated from the outside;
A heating step of heating from the outside of the heating and circulation system zone while maintaining the inside of the heating and circulation system zone at a temperature of 300 ° C to 800 ° C;
A carbon content that floats in the oil and becomes a high-quality fuel by floating in the oil the carbide that has been extracted from the distribution system zone and supplied to a sieve in the range of 10 to 30 mm and dropped below the sieve. And a sorting step of dividing into ash that has been submerged in the oil, a method for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste.   The method for producing high-quality fuel from organic waste according to claim 7, further comprising a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbon extracted from the heating circulation system zone between the heating step and the sorting step.

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