JP3982843B2 - Method for sequential culture of animal cells using porous carrier - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、バイオインダストリー分野で発展しつつある多孔質担体を用いた細胞培養技術にかかわり、詳しくは、細胞活性を損うことなく連続的に細胞を増殖させることによる細胞培養スケールアップ技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、担体を用いた細胞培養における、担体から担体への細胞の継代方法としては、トリプシンに代表される酵素処理により担体から細胞を回収した後、血清を含む培地でトリプシンを不活性化させるか、キレート試薬処理により担体から細胞を回収した後、培地を添加してキレート試薬を中和して、それから新しい担体を加え移し替える方法が一般に知られている(Phrmacia LKB Biotechnology、Microcarrier cell culture principles & method (1988)80,松谷豊、動物細胞培養法入門(1993)215−223)。
【0003】
しかしながら、トリプシンは、細胞の生存率を変化させ、細胞の表面結合性分子を取り除いてしまう(Kelly R.O.他、On the natureof the external surface of cultured human embryo fibroblasts.Differentiation 3)など、細胞に大きなダメージを与えてしまう欠点があることが知られている。加えて、大量培養の場合は、細胞の剥離・回収のための付帯装置が必要になると共に、細胞剥離工程が煩雑となる、あるいは長時間を要するという欠点を持ち合せている。また、トリプシンには、由来する動物からのウイルスや核酸などが混入している恐れがあり、これらによって生産物(医薬品など)が汚染される問題からも、トリプシンの使用は好ましくない。
【0004】
このほか、担体から担体への細胞の継代方法として、培養が集密状態に近づいた時に新しい担体を加える方法が知られている。例えば、「DEAE−Sephadex粒子」(Phrmacia社製)を用いた例(Manousos.M.ほか、Feasibility studies of oncornavirus production in microcarrier cultures.In Vitro 15(1980)507−515)や、アクリル酸エステルやメタクリル酸エステルのような親水性合成高分子からなる担体での例(特開平5−91872号公報)が知られている。しかしながら、前者は特殊な細胞(RD:ヒト横紋筋肉種)を用いた場合に限られ、かつ古い担体から遊離した細胞塊を分散する操作が必要である上、移し替え比は1.4〜2.0倍と低比率である点で問題があり、後者は、移し替え比が15倍以下と低比率であり、不十分なものであった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、天然系高分子からなる多孔質担体を用いた動物細胞培養において、細胞に対してトリプシンやキレート剤等を使用せずに、担体から担体へ細胞を移し替え、細胞活性を損なうことなく、連続的に増殖させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成させた。すなわち本発明は、多孔質担体を用いてその3次元構造中に細胞を固定し、培養液中を浮遊させる培養方法において、細胞を付着した古い担体と、細胞を付着していない新しい担体を混合することで、古い担体から新しい担体へ細胞を乗り移らせることにより、トリプシン等の酵素やキレート剤を使用せずに細胞の継代を可能にすることに成功し、本発明に到達した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、セルロースからなる細胞培養用多孔質担体を用いた動物細胞培養において、該細胞培養用多孔質担体が0.5mEq/g〜2.5mEq/gの荷電密度及び20μm〜50μmの孔径を有するとともに、
下記式(1)で求められる細胞培養用担体の移し替え比が100倍〜1000倍となるように、表面および/または内部に細胞を付着した古い多孔質担体を、細胞を付着していない新しい多孔質担体と混合することにより、担体から担体へ細胞を移し替え、連続的に増殖させることを特徴とする動物細胞の逐次培養方法である。
移し替え比=(a+b)/a ・・・ (1)
ただし、 a=古い培養担体の乾燥重量
b=新しい培養担体の乾燥重量
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0008】
本発明における天然高分子としては、セルロース、ゼラチン、コラーゲンなどがあり、これらのうちセルロ−スが特に好ましい。
本発明においては、細胞培養用担体として天然高分子および/またはその誘導体からなる多孔質担体を用いることが肝要である。多孔質担体を用いることによって、多孔構造をもたない担体では行われ得なかった高比率での細胞移し替え(スケールアップ)が可能になる。これは、多孔質担体のほうが単なる球形担体に比べ、担体粒子あたりの固定細胞数が多いため、増殖して古い担体から遊離する細胞数が相対的に多いことと、多孔質ならではの3次元構造ゆえに、その遊離してくる細胞を新しい担体が獲得しやすいためと考えられる。
【0009】
多孔質担体としては、粒子径が100μm〜5mmのものが好ましく、さらに180μm〜210mmのものが好ましい。また、孔径が10μm以上のものが好ましく、さらに20μm〜50μmのものが好ましい。
また、多孔質担体としては、正荷電密度は0.1〜4.0mEq/gのものが使用できるが、細胞増殖性の面から、0.5〜2.5mEq/gの範囲が好ましい。本発明は、細胞が古い担体から新しい担体に能動的に移動する性質を利用したものであるが、細胞の乗り移り効率は、古い担体からの細胞の遊離効率が律速となる。そこで、シード培養(細胞移し替え前の培養)で、荷電密度の低い担体を使用することにより、古い担体から新しい担体への細胞の移動速度は速くなる。これは、担体の荷電密度が低いほど、細胞を付着させる荷電引力が小さいので、シード培養で増殖した細胞が、担体から遊離する頻度が高いためである。
【0010】
また、古い担体の、担体あたりの付着細胞密度が高いほど、新しく増殖した細胞が遊離する頻度が高いため、結果として細胞の移し替え効率が高くなる。
本発明では、細胞培養担体の移し替え比が1.1〜1000倍まで良好に細胞の移し替えが見られるが、移し替え比が小さ過ぎるとスケールアップ効率が悪く実用的ではないため、16〜1000倍であることが好ましい。また1000倍までの高比率でのスケールアップを可能にしたことにより、大量培養を行う際のスケールアップ回数を減らすことができ、これはすなわち細胞培養設備コストの削減にもつながる。ここで、移し替え比は以下の式で表される。
【0011】
移し替え比=(a+b)/a
ただし、 a=古い培養担体の乾燥重量
b=新しい培養担体の乾燥重量
本発明においては、培養液を懸濁状態または擬似浮遊状態で古い担体から新しい担体へ細胞を移し替えることが好ましい。これはいったん沈降させて細胞が担体から担体へ乗り移らせる操作段階を踏む必要がなく、培養系として均一な状態を保持したまま、細胞の移し替えを行うことを表している。それによって細胞は古い担体から新しい担体に均一に移動する。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を用いて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、実施例中多孔質担体の荷電密度、粒径、孔径は次の方法で測定した。
(1)荷電密度
多孔質担体を0.3N HCl水溶液、10-4N HCl水溶液、10%Na2 SO4 水溶液(この時、滴定用の濾液を採取)、水で洗浄し、乾燥した後、前記濾液に0.1Mクロム酸カリウム水溶液2mlを加え、1M AgNO3 水溶液で滴定する。滴定量、乾燥後の多孔質担体の重量を下記式に代入し、荷電密度を算出した。
【0013】
荷電密度=滴定量(ml)/乾燥後の多孔質担体の重量(g)〔meq/g〕
(2)粒子径、孔径
粒子径は、未乾燥状態のまま光学顕微鏡(オリンパス光学工業社製IMT−2)により測定した。この際、50μm以下の微粒子については、洗浄後の未乾燥粒子を液体窒素で急速冷却して構造を保ったまま凍結した後、真空中で凍結乾燥し、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(日立製作所製S−570)を用いた観察測定も併用した。
【0014】
孔径は、凍結乾燥処理した試料を金スパッタリング処理してSEMで適当な倍率に拡大し観察測定した。担体が真球や真円でない場合にはもっとも短い直径をもって測定した。
【0015】
【実施例1】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、セルロースを材質とする多孔質担体「旭化成マイクロキャリヤ」(商品名;旭化成工業株式会社製、直径200μm、孔径30μm、荷電密度0.98mEq/g)を用意し、この担体を乾燥重量2.0g/lの密度になるよう、100ml容スピナーフラスコ(ベルコ社製)中に、10%子牛血清(Hyclone)を含むe−RDF培地(極東製薬株式会社製)100mlに懸濁して準備し、遺伝子組み替えCHO細胞(マウスIL-4生産株)を2.0×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を5日間行った。5日目の細胞密度は6.4×106 cells/mlだった。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。また、ここで使用した培地を増殖培地と呼ぶことにする。別の100ml容スピナーフラスコに、同様に「旭化成マイクロキャリア」を0.19g/95mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養5日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を5ml添加し、培養を継続した。なお、この実施例での移し替え比は、20倍である。
【0016】
移し替え後の培養中は毎日、細胞密度および下記式で表わされる付着率を測定した。付着率の増加は、古い担体から新しい担体への細胞の移動効率を表わす。
付着率=x×100/(x+y)
ただし、x=細胞を付着した多孔質担体の数
y=細胞を付着していない多孔質担体の数
その結果、図1に示されるように、移し替え後も細胞は順調に対数増殖を繰返した。また、付着率の増殖(図2)から、細胞が古い多孔質担体から新しい多孔質担体へ乗り移ったことが確認できた。
【0017】
【実施例2】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、下に示すような異なる荷電密度を持つ4種類の「旭化成マイクロキャリヤ」を準備した。
▲1▼0.58mEq/g
▲2▼0.98mEq/g
▲3▼1.59mEq/g
▲4▼2.02mEq/g
上記の▲1▼および▲2▼の2種類の荷電密度の多孔質担体を乾燥重量2.0g/lの密度に、それぞれ別の100mlスピナーフラスコ中に、実施例1同様の増殖培地100mlに懸濁して準備し、実施例1同様の遺伝子組み替えCHO細胞を2×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を4日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。シード培養4日目の細胞密度は、上記▲1▼の多孔質担体を用いた培養では4.0 ×106 cells/ml、上記▲2▼の多孔質担体を用いた培養では6.0 ×106 cells/mlだった。
【0018】
さらに、上記の▲2▼、▲3▼および▲4▼の3種類の多孔質担体をそれぞれ、0.19gずつ増殖培地95mlに懸濁したものを100mlスピナーフラスコ2本ずつ用意し、上記のシード培養4日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)5mlを下記のような組合わせで移し替えを行い、培養を継続した。なお、この場合の移し替え比は20倍である。
(1)▲1▼移し替え前0.58mEq/g→▲2▼移し替え後0.98mEq/g
(2)▲1▼移し替え前0.58mEq/g→▲3▼移し替え後1.59mEq/g
(3)▲1▼移し替え前0.58mEq/g→▲4▼移し替え後2.02mEq/g
(4)▲2▼移し替え前0.98mEq/g→▲2▼移し替え後0.98mEq/g
(5)▲2▼移し替え前0.98mEq/g→▲3▼移し替え後1.59mEq/g
(6)▲2▼移し替え前0.98mEq/g→▲4▼移し替え後2.02mEq/g
移し替え後の培養中は毎日、細胞密度および付着率(定義は実施例1と同様)を測定した。付着率の増加は、古い担体から新しい担体への細胞の移動効率を表わす。
【0019】
その結果、細胞の移し替え後の細胞増殖は、図3(表1)に示されるように、マイクロキャリアの荷電密度の影響を受けず対数増殖した。しかし、細胞の移動効率を表わす付着率の変動は、図4(表2)に示されるように、シード培養で0.58mEq/gの荷電密度の多孔質担体を用いた場合では、0.98mEq/gのものを用いた場合に比べてその増加が速かった。これは、シード培養で用いるマイクロキャリアの荷電密度が低い(0.58mEq/gの場合の)ほうが、細胞移し替え後の細胞移動効率が良いことを表わしている。
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
【表2】
【0022】
【実施例3】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(荷電密度0.98mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、実施例1同様の増殖培地100mlに懸濁して準備し、実施例1同様の遺伝子組み替えCHO細胞を1.25×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で5日間撹拌培養を行った。5日目の細胞密度は3.1 ×106 cells/mlだった。この培養を1代目シード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0023】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコに、同様の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」0.0495gを、増殖培地99mlに懸濁して2代目培養を準備し、上記の1代目培養5日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。なお、この実施例での移し替え比は、100倍である。
さらに、細胞密度が移し替え後の100倍程度に増殖したら、再び同様の方法で100倍比で細胞の移し替えを行った。これを3回繰返して連続して4代目まで培養を継続した。
【0024】
培養中は毎日、細胞密度の測定を行った。
その結果、細胞の移し替え後の細胞増殖は、図5に示されるように、継代回数を増やしても対数増殖を繰返した。
【0025】
【実施例4】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(荷電密度0.98mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度のなるよう、100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、実施例1同様の増殖培地100mlに懸濁して準備し、実施例1同様の遺伝子組み替えCHO細胞を3×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。3日目の細胞密度は3.8×106 cells/mlだった。この培養をシード培養とする。
【0026】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコに、同様の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」1.0g/lの密度になるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、シード培養の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)0.2mlを添加し培養を継続した。尚、この場合の移し替え比は1000倍である。
その結果、移し替え直後の細胞密度は7.6 ×103 cells/mlだったのに対し、9日目の細胞密度は1.3 ×106 cells/mlに達した。また付着率も移し替え直後の0.1%から、9日目には95%に増加しており、1000倍という高比率の移し替え後も細胞は古い多孔質担体から新しい多孔質担体へ乗り移って増殖した。
【0027】
【実施例5】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、2種類の荷電密度を持つ「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/gと1.8mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、それぞれ1本の100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、10%牛胎児血清(Flow laboratory社製)を含むe-RDF 培地100mlに懸濁した。HeLa細胞を、1.1 ×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0028】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコ1本ずつに、前述と同様の2種類の荷電密度の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」をそれぞれ0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。ただし、移し替え前後の多孔質担体の荷電密度は同じものを用いた。
【0029】
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
その結果、図6に示されるように細胞はいずれも移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図7に示されるように付着率も増加した。また、この際付着率の増加は、シード培養で用いた多孔質担体あたりのHeLa細胞密度がある一定値を越えた時(移し替え後3日目)から始った。
【0030】
【実施例6】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、2種類の荷電密度を持つ「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/gと1.8mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、それぞれ1本の100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、10%牛胎児血清(Flow laboratory社製)を含むe−RDF培地100mlに懸濁した。BHK−21細胞を、3.5 ×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0031】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコ1本ずつに、前述と同様の2種類の荷電密度の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」をそれぞれ0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。ただし、移し替え前後のマイクロキャリアの荷電密度は同じものを用いた。
【0032】
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
その結果、図8に示されるように細胞はいずれも移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図9に示されるように付着率も急激に増加した。
【0033】
【実施例7】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、10%牛胎児血清(Flow laboratory社製)を含むe−RDF培地100mlに懸濁した。Vero細胞を、2.6×105cells/ml の密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0034】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコに、同様の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」を0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
【0035】
その結果、図10に示されるように細胞は移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図11に示されるように付着率も徐々に増加した。
【0036】
【実施例8】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/g )を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、10%牛胎児血清(Flow laboratory社製)を含むe−RDF 培地100ml に懸濁した。ヒト×ヒトハイブリドーマ細胞(HF10B4)を、1.0 ×105cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0037】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコに、同様の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」を0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
【0038】
その結果、図12に示されるように細胞は移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図13に示されるように付着率も徐々に増加した。
【0039】
【実施例9】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、2種類の荷電密度を持つ「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/gと1.8mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、それぞれ1本の100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、10%牛胎児血清(Flow laboratory社製)を含むe−RDF培地100mlに懸濁した。マウス×マウスハイブリドーマ細胞(HyGPD,YK−1−1)を、3.0×105 cells/mlの密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0040】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコ1本ずつに、前述と同様の2種類の荷電密度の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」をそれぞれ0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。ただし、移し替え前後の多孔質担体の荷電密度は同じものを用いた。
【0041】
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
その結果、図14に示されるように細胞はいずれも移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図15に示されるように付着率も急激に増加した。
【0042】
【実施例10】
動物細胞培養用多孔質担体として、2種類の荷電密度を持つ「旭化成マイクロキャリア」(1.0mEq/gと1.8mEq/g)を準備した。これを乾燥重量0.5g/lの密度になるよう、それぞれ1本の100ml容スピナーフラスコ中に、無血清細胞培養用添加剤RD−1(極東製薬株式会社製)を含むe−RDF培地100mlに懸濁した。マウス×マウスハイブリドーマ細胞(HyGPD,YK−1−1)を、2.5 ×105cells/ml の密度に接種して37℃で撹拌培養を3日間行った。この培養をシード培養と呼ぶことにする。
【0043】
別の100ml容スピナーフラスコ1本ずつに、前述と同様の2種類の荷電密度の「旭化成マイクロキャリア」をそれぞれ0.05g/100mlとなるよう増殖培地に懸濁して準備し、上記のシード培養3日目の培養液(細胞を付着した多孔質担体を含む)を1ml添加し、培養を継続した。ただし、移し替え前後の多孔質担体の荷電密度は同じものを用いた。
【0044】
移し替え後、細胞密度および付着率の変動を測定した。
その結果、図16に示されるように細胞はいずれも移し替え後に対数増殖し、また図17に示されるように付着率も急激に増加した。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、天然系高分子からなる多孔質担体を用いた動物細胞培養において、トリプシン等の酵素やキレート剤を使用することなく、細胞を付着した担体に新しい担体を混合することで、細胞を担体から担体へ移し替え、連続的に増殖させることが可能となった。それによって下記のような効果が得られ、本発明は動物細胞の工業的高密度大量培養を可能にするものである。
【0046】
▲1▼トリプシン処理工程が不要になる。
▲2▼細胞の活性を維持できる。
▲3▼微生物等による汚染の危険性が低下する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例1における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例2における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図4】本発明の実施例2における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図5】本発明の実施例3における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図6】本発明の実施例5における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図7】本発明の実施例5における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図8】本発明に実施例6における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図9】本発明の実施例6における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図10】本発明の実施例7における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図11】本発明の実施例7における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図12】本発明の実施例8における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図13】本発明の実施例8における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図14】本発明の実施例9における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図15】本発明の実施例9における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。
【図16】本発明の実施例10における移し替え後の細胞増殖曲線を表す図である。
【図17】本発明の実施例10における移し替え後の付着率の変動を表す図である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a cell culture technique using a porous carrier, which is developing in the bioindustry field, and more particularly to a cell culture scale-up technique by continuously growing cells without impairing cell activity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, cell subculture from a carrier to a carrier in cell culture using a carrier is performed by recovering cells from the carrier by enzyme treatment typified by trypsin and then inactivating trypsin in a medium containing serum. Alternatively, a method is known in which cells are recovered from a carrier by treatment with a chelating reagent, and then a medium is added to neutralize the chelating reagent, and then a new carrier is added and transferred (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Microcarrier cell culture principals). & Method (1988) 80, Yutaka Matsutani, Introduction to Animal Cell Culture (1993) 215-223).
[0003]
However, trypsin alters cell viability and removes cell surface-bound molecules (Kelly RO et al., On the nature of the external surface of cultured human blasts cells, etc.). It is known to have the drawback of causing significant damage. In addition, in the case of large-scale culture, an accessory device for cell detachment / recovery is required, and the cell detachment process is complicated or takes a long time. Also, trypsin may be contaminated with viruses or nucleic acids from the animal from which it is derived, and the use of trypsin is not preferred because of the problem of contaminating the product (medicine, etc.).
[0004]
In addition, as a cell passage method from a carrier to a carrier, a method in which a new carrier is added when the culture approaches a confluent state is known. For example, an example using “DEAE-Sephadex particles” (manufactured by Pharmacia) (Manausos. M. et al., Feasibility studies of oncoravirus production in microcarrier cultures. An example of a carrier made of a hydrophilic synthetic polymer such as an acid ester (JP-A-5-91872) is known. However, the former is limited to the case where special cells (RD: human striated muscle species) are used, and an operation to disperse the cell mass released from the old carrier is necessary, and the transfer ratio is 1.4 to There is a problem in that the ratio is as low as 2.0 times, and the latter is insufficient because the transfer ratio is as low as 15 times or less.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In animal cell culture using a porous carrier comprising a natural polymer, the present invention transfers cells from the carrier to the carrier without using trypsin or a chelating agent, and impairs cell activity. It aims at providing the method of making it grow continuously.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied to achieve the above object, and as a result, have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention uses a porous carrier to immobilize cells in the three-dimensional structure, and in an culturing method in which the cells are suspended in a culture solution, an old carrier with cells attached and a new carrier without cells attached are mixed. Thus, by transferring the cells from the old carrier to the new carrier, it was possible to pass the cells without using an enzyme such as trypsin or a chelating agent, and reached the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is, in an animal cell culture using cellulose scan or Ranaru cell culture porous carrier charged porous carrier for the cell culture is 0.5mEq / g~2.5mEq / g Density and 20μm~ Having a pore size of 50 μm,
An old porous carrier with cells attached to the surface and / or inside is replaced with a new one without cells attached so that the transfer ratio of the cell culture carrier obtained by the following formula (1) is 100 to 1000 times. It is a sequential culture method for animal cells, characterized in that, by mixing with a porous carrier, the cells are transferred from the carrier to the carrier and continuously grown.
Transfer ratio = (a + b) / a (1)
Where a = dry weight of old culture carrier
b = Dry weight of new culture carrier The present invention is described in detail below.
[0008]
Examples of the natural polymer in the present invention include cellulose, gelatin, collagen, etc. Among these, cellulose is particularly preferable.
In the present invention, it is important to use a porous carrier comprising a natural polymer and / or a derivative thereof as a cell culture carrier. By using a porous carrier, cell transfer (scale-up) can be performed at a high ratio that could not be performed with a carrier having no porous structure. This is because the porous carrier has more fixed cells per carrier particle than the simple spherical carrier, so the number of cells that proliferate and release from the old carrier is relatively large, and the three-dimensional structure unique to porous materials. Therefore, it is thought that the new carrier can easily acquire the released cells.
[0009]
The porous carrier preferably has a particle size of 100 μm to 5 mm, more preferably 180 μm to 210 mm. Moreover, a thing with a hole diameter of 10 micrometers or more is preferable, and the thing of 20 micrometers-50 micrometers is more preferable.
In addition, as the porous carrier, those having a positive charge density of 0.1 to 4.0 mEq / g can be used, but from the viewpoint of cell proliferation, a range of 0.5 to 2.5 mEq / g is preferable. The present invention utilizes the property that cells actively move from an old carrier to a new carrier, but the cell transfer efficiency is rate-determined by the efficiency of cell release from the old carrier. Therefore, by using a carrier having a low charge density in seed culture (culture before cell transfer), the cell moving speed from the old carrier to the new carrier is increased. This is because the lower the charge density of the carrier, the smaller the charge attractive force for attaching the cells, so that the cells grown in the seed culture are more frequently released from the carrier.
[0010]
In addition, the higher the density of adherent cells per carrier of the old carrier, the higher the frequency with which newly grown cells are released, resulting in higher cell transfer efficiency.
In the present invention, the transfer ratio of the cell culture carrier is seen to be excellent from 1.1 to 1000 times. However, if the transfer ratio is too small, the scale-up efficiency is poor and is not practical. It is preferably 1000 times. In addition, since the scale-up at a high ratio up to 1000 times is possible, the number of scale-ups when mass culture is performed can be reduced, which leads to a reduction in cell culture equipment costs. Here, the transfer ratio is expressed by the following equation.
[0011]
Transfer ratio = (a + b) / a
However, a = dry weight of the old culture carrier b = dry weight of the new culture carrier In the present invention, it is preferable to transfer the cells from the old carrier to the new carrier in a suspension or pseudo-floating state. This means that it is not necessary to go through an operation step in which the cells are once settled and transferred from carrier to carrier, and the cells are transferred while maintaining a uniform state as a culture system. Thereby, the cells move uniformly from the old carrier to the new carrier.
[0012]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely using an Example, this invention is not limited to a following example.
In the examples, the charge density, particle size, and pore size of the porous carrier were measured by the following methods.
(1) The charge density porous carrier is washed with 0.3N HCl aqueous solution, 10 −4 N HCl aqueous solution, 10% Na 2 SO 4 aqueous solution (at this time, the filtrate for titration is collected), water, dried, Add 2 ml of 0.1 M aqueous potassium chromate solution to the filtrate and titrate with 1 M aqueous AgNO 3 solution. The charge density was calculated by substituting the weight of the porous carrier after titration and drying into the following formula.
[0013]
Charge density = Titration volume (ml) / Weight of porous carrier after drying (g) [meq / g]
(2) Particle diameter and pore diameter The particle diameter was measured with an optical microscope (IMT-2 manufactured by Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.) in an undried state. At this time, for the fine particles of 50 μm or less, the undried particles after washing are rapidly cooled with liquid nitrogen and frozen while maintaining the structure, and then freeze-dried in a vacuum, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi, Ltd.) Observation measurement using S-570) was also used.
[0014]
The pore diameter was measured by observing the lyophilized sample after performing a gold sputtering treatment, expanding the sample to an appropriate magnification with an SEM. When the carrier was not a perfect sphere or a perfect circle, the measurement was made with the shortest diameter.
[0015]
[Example 1]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, a porous carrier “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” made of cellulose (trade name; manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., diameter 200 μm, pore diameter 30 μm, charge density 0.98 mEq / g) is prepared. 100 ml of e-RDF medium (manufactured by Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) containing 10% calf serum (Hyclone) in a 100 ml spinner flask (manufactured by Belco) so that the dry weight of this carrier becomes 2.0 g / l. The cells were prepared by suspending them in a genetically engineered CHO cell (mouse IL-4 production strain) at a density of 2.0 × 10 5 cells / ml and stirred at 37 ° C. for 5 days. The cell density on the fifth day was 6.4 × 10 6 cells / ml. This culture is called seed culture. The medium used here will be referred to as a growth medium. Similarly, prepare "Asahi Kasei Microcarrier" by suspending it in a growth medium so as to be 0.19 g / 95 ml in another 100 ml spinner flask, 5 ml of the carrier was added, and the culture was continued. Note that the transfer ratio in this embodiment is 20 times.
[0016]
During the culture after the transfer, the cell density and the adhesion rate represented by the following formula were measured every day. The increase in adhesion rate represents the efficiency of cell migration from the old carrier to the new carrier.
Adhesion rate = x × 100 / (x + y)
However, x = number of porous carriers to which cells were attached y = number of porous carriers to which cells were not attached. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the cells repeated logarithmic growth smoothly after transfer. . Further, from the growth of the adhesion rate (FIG. 2), it was confirmed that the cells transferred from the old porous carrier to the new porous carrier.
[0017]
[Example 2]
Four types of “Asahi Kasei Microcarriers” having different charge densities as shown below were prepared as porous carriers for animal cell culture.
(1) 0.58 mEq / g
(2) 0.98 mEq / g
(3) 1.59 mEq / g
(4) 2.02 mEq / g
The porous carriers having the two types of charge density (1) and (2) described above were suspended at a density of 2.0 g / l in a dry weight in a separate 100 ml spinner flask and 100 ml of the growth medium similar to Example 1. Prepared in a turbid state, and the same genetically modified CHO cells as in Example 1 were inoculated at a density of 2 × 10 5 cells / ml and cultured at 37 ° C. for 4 days. This culture is called seed culture. The cell density on the 4th day of seed culture is 4.0 × 10 6 cells / ml in the culture using the porous carrier of the above (1), and 6.0 × in the culture using the porous carrier of the above (2). 10 6 cells / ml.
[0018]
Further, two 100 ml spinner flasks prepared by suspending 0.19 g of each of the above three types of porous carriers (2), (3) and (4) in 95 ml of growth medium were prepared, and the above seeds were used. 5 ml of the culture solution on the 4th day of culture (including the porous carrier to which the cells were attached) was transferred in the following combinations, and the culture was continued. In this case, the transfer ratio is 20 times.
(1) (1) 0.58 mEq / g before transfer → (2) 0.98 mEq / g after transfer
(2) (1) 0.58 mEq / g before transfer → (3) 1.59 mEq / g after transfer
(3) (1) 0.58 mEq / g before transfer → (4) 2.02 mEq / g after transfer
(4) (2) 0.98 mEq / g before transfer → (2) 0.98 mEq / g after transfer
(5) (2) 0.98 mEq / g before transfer → (3) 1.59 mEq / g after transfer
(6) (2) 0.98 mEq / g before transfer → (4) 2.02 mEq / g after transfer
During the culture after the transfer, the cell density and the adhesion rate (the definition is the same as in Example 1) were measured every day. The increase in adhesion rate represents the efficiency of cell migration from the old carrier to the new carrier.
[0019]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 3 (Table 1), cell growth after cell transfer was logarithmic growth without being affected by the charge density of the microcarrier. However, as shown in FIG. 4 (Table 2), the variation in the adhesion rate representing the cell migration efficiency is 0.98 mEq when a porous support having a charge density of 0.58 mEq / g is used in the seed culture. The increase was faster than when using / g. This indicates that the lower the charge density of the microcarrier used in seed culture (in the case of 0.58 mEq / g), the better the cell migration efficiency after cell transfer.
[0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
[Table 2]
[0022]
[Example 3]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (charge density 0.98 mEq / g) was prepared. This was prepared by suspending in 100 ml of a growth medium similar to Example 1 in a 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a dry weight of 0.5 g / l, and 1.25 cells of genetically modified CHO cells similar to Example 1 were prepared. The cells were inoculated at a density of × 10 5 cells / ml and cultured at 37 ° C. for 5 days. The cell density on the fifth day was 3.1 × 10 6 cells / ml. This culture will be referred to as the first generation seed culture.
[0023]
In another 100 ml spinner flask, 0.0495 g of the same “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” was suspended in 99 ml of a growth medium to prepare a second-generation culture. The above-mentioned culture solution (cells attached) 1 ml of a porous carrier was added, and the culture was continued. The transfer ratio in this embodiment is 100 times.
Furthermore, when the cell density grew to about 100 times after the transfer, the cells were transferred again at the ratio of 100 times by the same method. This was repeated three times and the culture was continued until the fourth generation.
[0024]
Cell density was measured every day during the culture.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the cell growth after the cell transfer repeated logarithmic growth even when the number of passages was increased.
[0025]
[Example 4]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (charge density 0.98 mEq / g) was prepared. This was prepared by suspending it in 100 ml of a growth medium similar to Example 1 in a 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a dry weight of 0.5 g / l, and 3 × 10 6 of genetically modified CHO cells similar to Example 1 were prepared. The cells were inoculated at a density of 5 cells / ml and cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days. The cell density on the third day was 3.8 × 10 6 cells / ml. This culture is referred to as seed culture.
[0026]
Prepare another suspended suspension in a growth medium to a density of 1.0 g / l in the same “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” in another 100 ml spinner flask, and seed culture medium (including porous carrier with attached cells) 0.2 ml was added and culture was continued. In this case, the transfer ratio is 1000 times.
As a result, the cell density immediately after the transfer was 7.6 × 10 3 cells / ml, whereas the cell density on the 9th day reached 1.3 × 10 6 cells / ml. In addition, the adhesion rate increased from 0.1% immediately after the transfer to 95% on the 9th day, and the cells transferred from the old porous support to the new porous support after the transfer at a high ratio of 1000 times. And proliferated.
[0027]
[Example 5]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g and 1.8 mEq / g) having two types of charge densities was prepared. This was suspended in 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Flow laboratory) in each 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a density of 0.5 g / l of dry weight. HeLa cells were inoculated at a density of 1.1 × 10 5 cells / ml and cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0028]
For each 100 ml spinner flask, prepare two Asahi Kasei Microcarriers with the same charge density as described above by suspending them in a growth medium at 0.05 g / 100 ml, respectively. 1 ml of the day culture solution (including the porous carrier to which the cells were attached) was added, and the culture was continued. However, the same charge density was used for the porous carrier before and after the transfer.
[0029]
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, all the cells expanded logarithmically after the transfer, and the adhesion rate also increased as shown in FIG. At this time, the increase in the adhesion rate started when the HeLa cell density per porous support used in the seed culture exceeded a certain value (3 days after the transfer).
[0030]
[Example 6]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g and 1.8 mEq / g) having two types of charge densities was prepared. This was suspended in 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Flow laboratory) in each 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a density of 0.5 g / l of dry weight. BHK-21 cells were inoculated at a density of 3.5 × 10 5 cells / ml and stirred at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0031]
For each 100 ml spinner flask, prepare two Asahi Kasei Microcarriers with the same charge density as described above by suspending them in a growth medium at 0.05 g / 100 ml, respectively. 1 ml of the day culture solution (including the porous carrier to which the cells were attached) was added, and the culture was continued. However, the same charge density of the microcarriers before and after the transfer was used.
[0032]
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, all the cells expanded logarithmically after being transferred, and the adhesion rate increased rapidly as shown in FIG.
[0033]
[Example 7]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g) was prepared. This was suspended in 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Flow laboratory) in a 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a dry weight of 0.5 g / l. Vero cells were inoculated at a density of 2.6 × 10 5 cells / ml and stirred at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0034]
In a separate 100 ml spinner flask, the same “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” was prepared by suspending it in a growth medium so as to have a concentration of 0.05 g / 100 ml. 1 ml of carrier) was added, and the culture was continued.
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
[0035]
As a result, the cells grew logarithmically after transfer as shown in FIG. 10, and the adhesion rate gradually increased as shown in FIG.
[0036]
[Example 8]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g) was prepared. This was suspended in 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Flow laboratory) in a 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a dry weight of 0.5 g / l. Human × human hybridoma cells (HF10B4) were inoculated at a density of 1.0 × 10 5 cells / ml, and stirred at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0037]
In a separate 100 ml spinner flask, the same “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” was prepared by suspending it in a growth medium so as to have a concentration of 0.05 g / 100 ml. 1 ml of carrier) was added, and the culture was continued.
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
[0038]
As a result, the cells proliferated logarithmically after transfer as shown in FIG. 12, and the adhesion rate gradually increased as shown in FIG.
[0039]
[Example 9]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g and 1.8 mEq / g) having two types of charge densities was prepared. This was suspended in 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Flow laboratory) in each 100 ml spinner flask so as to have a density of 0.5 g / l of dry weight. Mouse × mouse hybridoma cells (HyGPD, YK-1-1) were inoculated at a density of 3.0 × 10 5 cells / ml and cultured at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0040]
For each 100 ml spinner flask, prepare two Asahi Kasei Microcarriers with the same charge density as described above by suspending them in a growth medium at 0.05 g / 100 ml, respectively. 1 ml of the day culture solution (including the porous carrier to which the cells were attached) was added, and the culture was continued. However, the same charge density was used for the porous carrier before and after the transfer.
[0041]
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 14, all the cells expanded logarithmically after the transfer, and the adhesion rate increased rapidly as shown in FIG.
[0042]
[Example 10]
As a porous carrier for animal cell culture, “Asahi Kasei Microcarrier” (1.0 mEq / g and 1.8 mEq / g) having two types of charge densities was prepared. 100 ml of e-RDF medium containing serum-free cell culture additive RD-1 (manufactured by Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) in one 100 ml spinner flask each so as to have a dry weight of 0.5 g / l. It was suspended in. Mouse × mouse hybridoma cells (HyGPD, YK-1-1) were inoculated to a density of 2.5 × 10 5 cells / ml and stirred at 37 ° C. for 3 days. This culture is called seed culture.
[0043]
For each 100 ml spinner flask, prepare two Asahi Kasei Microcarriers with the same charge density as described above by suspending them in a growth medium at 0.05 g / 100 ml, respectively. 1 ml of the day culture solution (including the porous carrier to which the cells were attached) was added, and the culture was continued. However, the same charge density was used for the porous carrier before and after the transfer.
[0044]
After transfer, changes in cell density and adherence rate were measured.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 16, all the cells expanded logarithmically after the transfer, and the adhesion rate rapidly increased as shown in FIG.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in an animal cell culture using a porous carrier made of a natural polymer, cells can be obtained by mixing a new carrier with a carrier to which cells are attached without using an enzyme such as trypsin or a chelating agent. It was possible to transfer from carrier to carrier and grow continuously. As a result, the following effects are obtained, and the present invention enables industrial high-density mass culture of animal cells.
[0046]
(1) A trypsin treatment step is not required.
(2) The cell activity can be maintained.
(3) The risk of contamination by microorganisms is reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cell growth curve after transfer in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing fluctuations in the adhesion rate after transfer in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cell growth curve after transfer in Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a cell growth curve after transfer in Example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a cell proliferation curve after transfer in Example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a view showing a cell growth curve after transfer in Example 6 according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a view showing a cell proliferation curve after transfer in Example 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 7 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a cell proliferation curve after transfer in Example 8 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 8 of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a cell proliferation curve after transfer in Example 9 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 9 of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a view showing a cell growth curve after transfer in Example 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a change in adhesion rate after transfer in Example 10 of the present invention.
Claims (1)
該細胞培養用多孔質担体が0.5mEq/g〜2.5mEq/gの荷電密度及び20μm〜50μmの孔径を有するとともに、
下記式(1)で求められる細胞培養用担体の移し替え比が100倍〜1000倍となるように、表面および/または内部に細胞を付着した古い多孔質担体を、細胞を付着していない新しい多孔質担体と混合することにより、担体から担体へ細胞を移し替え、連続的に増殖させることを特徴とする動物細胞の逐次培養方法。
移し替え比=(a+b)/a ・・・ (1)
ただし、 a=古い培養担体の乾燥重量
b=新しい培養担体の乾燥重量In animal cell culture using cellulose scan or Ranaru cell culture porous carrier,
The cell culture porous carrier has a charge density of 0.5 mEq / g to 2.5 mEq / g and a pore size of 20 μm to 50 μm,
An old porous carrier with cells attached to the surface and / or inside is replaced with a new one without cells attached so that the transfer ratio of the cell culture carrier obtained by the following formula (1) is 100 to 1000 times. A method for sequential culture of animal cells, comprising mixing cells with a porous carrier to transfer cells from the carrier to the carrier and continuously growing the cells.
Transfer ratio = (a + b) / a (1)
Where a = dry weight of old culture carrier
b = dry weight of new culture carrier
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| JP10978494A JP3982843B2 (en) | 1994-05-24 | 1994-05-24 | Method for sequential culture of animal cells using porous carrier |
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| JP10978494A JP3982843B2 (en) | 1994-05-24 | 1994-05-24 | Method for sequential culture of animal cells using porous carrier |
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| WO2014080676A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | Method for producing parvovirus having high infectivity titer |
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| SG11201705866XA (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2017-08-30 | Ube Industries | Method, device and kit for mass cultivation of cells using polyimide porous membrane |
| CN107208031B (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2021-03-09 | 宇部兴产株式会社 | Cell culture method and kit |
| EP3392335A4 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2019-07-10 | Zeon Corporation | PROCESS FOR CULTURING ADHESIVE CELLS |
| TW202122569A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2021-06-16 | 日商宇部興產股份有限公司 | Cell culturing method using small-piece porous membrane |
| WO2022065401A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | Cell culture apparatus and method for producing cell groups |
| WO2025052943A1 (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2025-03-13 | インテグリカルチャー株式会社 | Cell culturing device and cell culturing method |
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| WO2014080676A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-30 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | Method for producing parvovirus having high infectivity titer |
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