JP3971811B2 - Surface hydrophilization treatment method for material comprising aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Surface hydrophilization treatment method for material comprising aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- JP3971811B2 JP3971811B2 JP24074496A JP24074496A JP3971811B2 JP 3971811 B2 JP3971811 B2 JP 3971811B2 JP 24074496 A JP24074496 A JP 24074496A JP 24074496 A JP24074496 A JP 24074496A JP 3971811 B2 JP3971811 B2 JP 3971811B2
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fluoride
- magnesium alloy
- water
- treatment method
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- BZWNJUCOSVQYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-H trifluoroalumane Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[Al+3] BZWNJUCOSVQYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NNDGIEARKHXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-J [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.[Al+3].[K+] Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.[Al+3].[K+] NNDGIEARKHXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017818 Cu—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAORDYFDRZFBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-K N.[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.F.[Al+3] Chemical compound N.[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.F.[Al+3] CAORDYFDRZFBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFZJUYWZZUTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-J [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.[Na+].[Al+3] Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].F.F.[Na+].[Al+3] RUFZJUYWZZUTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面の水滴に対する接触角を低下させて、親水性を付与するための新規な表面処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アルミニウムは軽量で、塑性加工性及び耐食性に優れ、電気・熱伝導性が良好な金属材料であり、またアルミニウムにマグネシウム、亜鉛、ケイ素、リチウム、銅、クロム、ニッケル、マンガン、ジルコニウムなどを加えて合金化したものは、固溶体硬化、加工硬化、時効硬化などによって、機械的性質が著しく向上し、さらに耐食性、耐磨耗性、低熱膨張係数などの特性も付加されることから多くの分野において幅広く用いられている。
【0003】
ところで、空調機器の熱交換器部分の伝熱フィンなどに用いられる熱交換器用伝熱材料においては、その表面において、液体物質が液滴状にならずに、均一かつ薄膜状に拡散することが要求される。これは、伝熱性を高め、熱交換特性を向上させるためであり、また、凝縮水が薄膜状になると、上記伝熱フィンの間隔を極端に狭くすることができ、熱交換器形状を小型化しうるからであり、この小型化に伴って、空調機器の冷媒充填容積が減少し、冷媒充填量の低減が可能となり、その結果、オゾン層破壊や温暖化現象の原因物質であるフロンの消費量を削減することができる。このように、材料表面において水が液滴状にならずに、均一な薄膜状に拡散するには、材料表面が水に対する親和性を有することが必要である。
【0004】
また、濡れ壁式ガス吸収装置などにおいては、壁面で気−液接触型熱交換が行われるため、その壁面が十分な濡れ性を有していれば、熱交換が効率よく行われ、装置の小型化が可能である。壁面が十分な濡れ性を有するには、壁面に用いる材料表面が水に対する親和性を有することが必要である。
【0005】
さらに、高電圧送電線においては、降雨や着氷により電線表面上に形成される水滴が原因となって、コロナ放電を生じ、その結果発光、騒音発生、電波障害、太陽光反射障害などのトラブルを生じる。このようなトラブルを防止するには、電線表面上での水滴の形成を抑制して、薄膜状に拡散させればよく、このようにして電線表面に薄膜状に拡散して滞留する水分は、高電圧高電流下で発生するジュール熱によって容易に蒸発して逸散するため、コロナ放電の発生が抑制される。
【0006】
したがって、このような用途にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料を用いる場合には、それに表面処理を施し、親水性を付与するのが望ましい。
従来、アルミニウム系材料に表面処理を施し、親水性を付与する方法としては、例えばクロメート系化学皮膜処理法やベーマイト皮膜処理法などが用いられてきたが、これらの方法は、いずれも処理が煩雑であったり、多大の設備費を要したり、電力消費が多いなど、経済的に不利である上、水滴との接触角を小さくすることができず、しかも親水性を長期間にわたって持続することが困難であるなどの欠点を有している。
【0007】
このような欠点を改良するために、二次処理として、例えば親水性ポリマーで処理する方法、水ガラスで処理する方法、カルボキシル基含有化合物で処理する方法、アクリル系塗膜とセルロース系塗膜を施す方法などが試みられているが、これらの方法は処理工程が増える上、効果が不十分であり、また操作が煩雑であるため、実用上必ずしも適当なものとはいえない。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような事情のもとで、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面に親水性を付与し、水を接触させた場合の分散を促進させるとともに、伝熱性及び耐食性を向上させるためのアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面親水化処理方法を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、アルミニウムの表面特性を改善する方法について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜を形成させることにより、その目的を達成しうることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料を、フッ化水素とフッ化アルカリのみ又は六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリのみを含む水溶液中に浸漬し、その表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜が形成されるまで保持したのち、取り出し、水洗することにより水滴に対する接触角を低下させることを特徴とするアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金表面からなる材料の表面親水化処理方法を提供するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法において用いられるアルミニウムとしては、純度99.99%より高い高純度アルミニウムや、1%までの不純物と少量の他の元素を含む工業用純アルミニウムなどのいずれも用いることができる。また、アルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金としては、例えばAl−Mgのみの合金のほか、Al−Mn−Mg系、Al−Cu−Mg系、Al−Mg−Si系、Al−Zn−Mg系などのアルミニウム−マグネシウムを主体とし、その他の金属を含む合金が用いられる。
【0012】
本発明方法において、上記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面処理に用いられる処理液は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜を形成するためのものであり、フッ化水素とフッ化アルカリのみ又は六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリのみを含有する水溶液が用いられる。
【0013】
上記フッ化水素とフッ化アルカリのみを含有する水溶液としては、例えばフッ化アルカリ0.2〜10.0重量%を含む水溶液を、フッ化水素によりpH2.0〜6.5に調整した処理液を挙げることができる。この際のフッ化アルカリとしては、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化カリウム、フッ化アンモニウムなどが用いられるが、特にフッ化カリウムが好ましい。これらのフッ化アルカリは、0.2〜10.0重量%の範囲の濃度で水に溶解して用いられる。特に好ましい濃度は、フッ化ナトリウムの場合0.3〜3.0重量%、フッ化カリウムの場合0.5〜5.0重量%、フッ化アンモニウムの場合0.5〜8.0重量%の範囲である。
【0014】
一方、六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリのみを含有する水溶液としては、例えば六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリを重量/容積比(w/v)で0.01〜0.5程度になるように水に溶解して得られるF-イオン、HF2-イオンとともに、H+イオンを含むpH4.5〜6.0程度の水溶液が用いられる。この際用いられる六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリとしては、例えば六フッ化アルミニウムカリウム、六フッ化アルミニウムナトリウム、六フッ化アルミニウムアンモニウムなどが挙げられるが、これらの中で、特に六フッ化アルミニウムカリウム(K3AlF6)が好適である。
【0015】
本発明方法においては、これらのフッ化水素とフッ化アルカリのみ又は六フッ化アルミニウムアルカリのみを含有する水溶液中に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料を浸漬して、その表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜が形成されるまで表面処理を行う。この処理は通常、常圧下において0〜60℃、好ましくは15〜40℃の温度で5分ないし5時間程度行われる。
【0016】
このような処理により、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面に、通常存在する酸化アルミニウム皮膜が除去され、フッ化アルミニウム皮膜が形成される。
このようにして表面処理が施されたアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム合金からなる材料は、その表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜を有するため、水滴に対する接触角が低下して親水性が向上し、伝熱性や耐食性が向上する。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明の表面処理方法によれば、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料の表面に、水を接触させた場合の分散を促進させるとともに、伝熱性及び耐食性を向上させる、水に対する親和性が優れたフッ化アルミニウム皮膜を容易に形成させることができる。
【0018】
したがって、水が水滴状にならずに、均一かつ薄膜状に表面に拡散し、伝熱性が向上することから、空調機器の熱交換器部分の伝熱フィン材料として、また水に対する親和性に優れていることから、濡れ壁式ガス吸収装置などの気−液接触型熱交換の表面材料として、また高電圧送電線用として有用である。さらに、このようにして表面処理したアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料を高電圧送電線に用いた場合、電線表面上に、降雨や着氷による水滴が形成されにくいので、コロナ放電の発生を抑制することができる。しかも、このアルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなる材料表面に形成されているフッ化アルミニウム皮膜は、細かい網目状の三次元構造を有し、太陽光の吸収・分散効果をもつため、太陽光反射障害も防止することができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。
【0020】
実施例1
Al−Mg系合金板を用い、次のように表面処理を行った。
すなわちフッ化カリウム0.5重量%を含有し、フッ化水素によりpH4.5に調整した温度25℃の水溶液中に、上記アルミニウム合金板を15分間浸漬して、その表面にフッ化アルミニウムの皮膜を形成させた。
この表面処理アルミニウム合金板の表面を水洗処理し、初期、24時間水洗処理後、72時間水洗処理後、144時間水洗処理後、240時間水洗処理後の水滴接触角を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【0021】
実施例2
Al−Mg系合金の代りに、工業用純アルミニウム板を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして表面処理を行い、水滴接触角を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【0022】
実施例3
実施例1で用いたものと同様のAl−Mg系合金板を用い、次のようにして表面処理を行った。
すなわち、六フッ化アルミニウムカリウム2.5重量%を含有するpH5.0、温度25℃の水溶液中に、上記アルミニウム合金板を10分間浸漬して、その表面にフッ化アルミニウムの皮膜を形成させた。
この表面処理アルミニウム合金板について、実施例1と同様にして、水滴接触角を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【0023】
実施例4
実施例2で用いたものと同じ工業用純アルミニウム板を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして表面処理を行い、水滴接触角を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
【0024】
【表1】
【0025】
[注] 表面無処理のAl−Mg系合金板の水滴接触角は80度、表面無処理の工業用純アルミニウム板の水滴接触角は80度である。
【0026】
表1から分かるように、表面処理アルミニウム又はアルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金は、無処理のものに比べて、水滴接触角がはるかに小さく、かつ親水性の持続性に優れている。
【0027】
実施例5
フッ化カリウム0.5重量%を含有し、フッ化水素によりpH4.5に調整した温度25℃の水溶液中に、2kWの小型空調機のアルミニウム合金からなるフィン(材質Al−Mg−Si)を10分間浸漬して、その表面にフッ化アルミニウム皮膜を形成させた。
次に、この表面処理フィンを2kW小型空調機に装着し、性能を評価した。
その結果、500時間の連続水噴霧試験において、5度以下の水滴接触角を保持することができた。また、接触角は、むしろ時間の経過とともに、低下する傾向にあり、耐久性も十分であることが分かった。
【0028】
連続水噴霧時の冷凍システムの性能は、凝縮器温度が40℃以下の低温状態では10%程度、40℃以上の高温状態では20%程度向上した。この場合、凝縮器サイズは既存の70%近くまで小型化できることが分った。
【0029】
このように、アルミニウム−マグネシウム系合金からなるフィンを表面処理することにより、冷凍空調機器の小型化を拒む要因であった水滴付着時のブリッジング現象が防止でき、付着水分の分散と効果的な蒸発により、冷却能力の向上及び圧縮動力の低減によるシステムの高性能化が可能となる。また、恒常的な水蒸発式を採用する場合、空冷式に比較して外気温度の影響を受けずに、サイズも数分の1程度まで小型化できる可能性があり、実用化の可能性が高い。
【0030】
さらに、冷暖房兼用のヒートポンプでは、暖房時やデフロスト時に、室外機のフィン表面に結露が起こり、外気の状態によっては氷結現象にまで至ることがあるが、本発明方法を適用することにより、このような現象を回避することが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel surface treatment method for imparting hydrophilicity by reducing the contact angle with respect to water droplets on the surface of a material made of aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium alloy.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Aluminum is a metal material that is lightweight, has excellent plastic workability and corrosion resistance, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Also, magnesium, zinc, silicon, lithium, copper, chromium, nickel, manganese, zirconium, etc. are added to aluminum. The alloyed material has a significant improvement in mechanical properties due to solid solution hardening, work hardening, age hardening, etc., and it is widely used in many fields due to the addition of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, etc. It is used.
[0003]
By the way, in the heat transfer material for heat exchangers used for the heat transfer fins of the heat exchanger part of the air conditioner, the liquid substance does not form droplets but diffuses uniformly and in a thin film form on the surface. Required. This is to improve heat transfer and improve heat exchange characteristics. When the condensed water becomes a thin film, the interval between the heat transfer fins can be extremely narrowed, and the heat exchanger shape can be reduced. With this downsizing, the refrigerant filling volume of air-conditioning equipment is reduced and the refrigerant filling amount can be reduced. As a result, consumption of chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone layer destruction and global warming phenomenon Can be reduced. Thus, not water droplets form in the material surface, to diffuse a uniform thin film, it is necessary that the material surface has an affinity for water.
[0004]
In addition, in a wet wall type gas absorption device, etc., gas-liquid contact type heat exchange is performed on the wall surface. Therefore, if the wall surface has sufficient wettability, heat exchange is performed efficiently, and Miniaturization is possible. In order for the wall surface to have sufficient wettability, it is necessary that the material surface used for the wall surface has an affinity for water .
[0005]
Furthermore, in high-voltage transmission lines, corona discharge occurs due to water droplets formed on the surface of the wire due to rain or icing, resulting in troubles such as light emission, noise generation, radio wave interference, and sunlight reflection interference. Produce. In order to prevent such troubles, it is only necessary to suppress the formation of water droplets on the surface of the electric wire and diffuse it in a thin film shape. Since it easily evaporates and dissipates due to Joule heat generated under high voltage and high current, the occurrence of corona discharge is suppressed.
[0006]
Therefore, when a material made of aluminum or an aluminum -magnesium alloy is used for such applications, it is desirable to give it a surface treatment to impart hydrophilicity.
Conventionally, for example, a chromate chemical film treatment method or a boehmite film treatment method has been used as a method for applying a surface treatment to an aluminum-based material to impart hydrophilicity. However, these methods are both complicated. In addition, it is economically disadvantageous because it requires a lot of equipment costs, consumes a lot of power, and it cannot reduce the contact angle with water droplets, and it must maintain hydrophilicity for a long period of time. Has disadvantages such as being difficult.
[0007]
In order to improve such defects, as a secondary treatment, for example, a method of treating with a hydrophilic polymer, a method of treating with water glass, a method of treating with a carboxyl group-containing compound, an acrylic coating film and a cellulose coating film However, these methods are not necessarily suitable for practical use because they increase the number of processing steps and are insufficient in effect and complicated in operation.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention imparts hydrophilicity to the surface of a material made of aluminum or an aluminum -magnesium alloy, promotes dispersion when brought into contact with water, and provides heat transfer and corrosion resistance. It is made for the purpose of providing the surface hydrophilization processing method of the material which consists of aluminum or an aluminum magnesium alloy for improving.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research on methods for improving the surface characteristics of aluminum, the present inventor can achieve the object by forming an aluminum fluoride film on the surface of a material made of aluminum or an aluminum -magnesium alloy. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, in the present invention, a material made of aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium alloy is immersed in an aqueous solution containing only hydrogen fluoride and alkali fluoride or only aluminum hexafluoride, and an aluminum fluoride film is formed on the surface. The surface hydrophilization treatment method for a material comprising an aluminum or aluminum -magnesium alloy surface is characterized in that the contact angle with respect to water droplets is lowered by holding it until it is removed and washing it with water .
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the aluminum used in the method of the present invention, any of high-purity aluminum having a purity higher than 99.99% and industrial pure aluminum containing impurities up to 1% and a small amount of other elements can be used. Further, the aluminum - as the magnesium-based alloy, for example, addition of Al-Mg-only alloys, Al-Mn-Mg system, Al-Cu-Mg system, Al-Mg-Si based aluminum such as Al-Zn-Mg-based -Alloys mainly composed of magnesium and containing other metals are used.
[0012]
In the method of the present invention, the aluminum or aluminum - made of magnesium alloy processing solution used for the surface treatment of materials, aluminum or aluminum - is intended to form the aluminum fluoride film on the surface of the material made of magnesium-based alloy An aqueous solution containing only hydrogen fluoride and alkali fluoride or only aluminum hexafluoride alkali is used.
[0013]
As the aqueous solution containing only hydrogen fluoride and alkali fluoride, for example, an aqueous solution containing 0.2 to 10.0% by weight of alkali fluoride is adjusted to pH 2.0 to 6.5 with hydrogen fluoride. Can be mentioned. As the alkali fluoride at this time, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, ammonium fluoride or the like is used, and potassium fluoride is particularly preferable. These alkali fluorides are used by dissolving in water at a concentration in the range of 0.2 to 10.0% by weight. Particularly preferred concentrations are 0.3 to 3.0% by weight for sodium fluoride, 0.5 to 5.0% by weight for potassium fluoride, and 0.5 to 8.0% by weight for ammonium fluoride. It is a range.
[0014]
On the other hand, the aqueous solution containing only the aluminum hexafluoride alkali is obtained by, for example, dissolving aluminum hexafluoride alkali in water so that the weight / volume ratio (w / v) is about 0.01 to 0.5. An aqueous solution having a pH of about 4.5 to 6.0 containing H + ions is used together with the F − ions and HF 2− ions. Examples of the aluminum hexafluoride alkali used here include potassium aluminum hexafluoride, sodium aluminum hexafluoride, and aluminum ammonium hexafluoride. Among these, potassium aluminum hexafluoride (K 3) is particularly preferable. AlF 6 ) is preferred.
[0015]
In the method of the present invention, a material composed of aluminum or an aluminum -magnesium alloy is immersed in an aqueous solution containing only hydrogen fluoride and alkali fluoride or only aluminum hexafluoride, and the surface is fluorinated. Surface treatment is performed until an aluminum film is formed. This treatment is usually performed at a temperature of 0 to 60 ° C., preferably 15 to 40 ° C. under normal pressure for about 5 minutes to 5 hours.
[0016]
By such treatment, the aluminum oxide film that normally exists on the surface of the material made of aluminum or an aluminum -magnesium alloy is removed, and an aluminum fluoride film is formed.
The material made of aluminum or aluminum -magnesium alloy thus surface-treated has an aluminum fluoride film on its surface, so that the contact angle with water droplets is lowered and the hydrophilicity is improved, and the heat conductivity and corrosion resistance are increased. Will improve.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the surface treatment method of the present invention, aluminum or an aluminum - to the surface of the material made of magnesium alloy, with promoting the dispersion when contacted with water, to improve the heat conductivity and corrosion resistance, affinity for water An excellent aluminum fluoride film can be easily formed.
[0018]
Therefore, water does not form water droplets but diffuses uniformly and in the form of a thin film, improving heat transfer. As a heat transfer fin material for heat exchanger parts of air conditioners, it has excellent affinity for water. Therefore, it is useful as a surface material for gas-liquid contact type heat exchange such as a wet wall type gas absorber and for high voltage transmission lines. In addition, when the surface-treated aluminum or aluminum -magnesium alloy material is used for high-voltage power transmission lines, water droplets due to rain or icing are unlikely to form on the surface of the wires, resulting in corona discharge. Can be suppressed. Moreover, the aluminum fluoride film formed on the surface of the material made of aluminum or aluminum -magnesium alloy has a fine mesh three-dimensional structure and has the effect of absorbing and dispersing sunlight. Obstacles can also be prevented.
[0019]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0020]
Example 1
Surface treatment was performed as follows using an Al-Mg alloy plate.
That is, the aluminum alloy plate was immersed for 15 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of potassium fluoride and adjusted to pH 4.5 with hydrogen fluoride at a temperature of 25 ° C., and an aluminum fluoride film was formed on the surface. Formed.
The surface of this surface-treated aluminum alloy sheet was washed with water, and the contact angle of water droplets after initial washing for 24 hours, 72 hours for water washing, 144 hours for water washing and 240 hours for water washing was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0021]
Example 2
Surface treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an industrial pure aluminum plate was used instead of the Al-Mg alloy, and the water droplet contact angle was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
Example 3
Using the same Al—Mg alloy plate as used in Example 1, surface treatment was performed as follows.
That is, the aluminum alloy plate was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 2.5% by weight of potassium aluminum hexafluoride at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 25 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an aluminum fluoride film on the surface. .
About this surface treatment aluminum alloy plate, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and calculated | required the water droplet contact angle. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]
Example 4
Surface treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the same industrial pure aluminum plate as that used in Example 2 was used, and the water droplet contact angle was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
[Note] The surface contactless Al—Mg alloy plate has a water droplet contact angle of 80 degrees, and the surface untreated industrial pure aluminum plate has a water droplet contact angle of 80 degrees.
[0026]
As can be seen from Table 1, the surface-treated aluminum or aluminum -magnesium alloy has a much smaller water droplet contact angle and excellent hydrophilic durability than the untreated one.
[0027]
Example 5
A fin (material Al—Mg—Si) made of aluminum alloy of a 2 kW small air conditioner in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight of potassium fluoride and adjusted to pH 4.5 with hydrogen fluoride at a temperature of 25 ° C. It was immersed for 10 minutes to form an aluminum fluoride film on the surface.
Next, this surface treatment fin was mounted on a 2 kW small air conditioner, and the performance was evaluated.
As a result, a water droplet contact angle of 5 degrees or less could be maintained in a 500 hour continuous water spray test. Further, it has been found that the contact angle tends to decrease with the passage of time, and the durability is sufficient.
[0028]
The performance of the refrigeration system during continuous water spraying was improved by about 10% in a low temperature state where the condenser temperature was 40 ° C. or lower, and by about 20% in a high temperature state of 40 ° C. or higher. In this case, it has been found that the condenser size can be reduced to nearly 70% of the existing size.
[0029]
In this way, surface treatment of fins made of an aluminum -magnesium alloy can prevent bridging phenomenon at the time of water droplet adhesion, which is a factor that refuses downsizing of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, and effective dispersion and adhesion of adhering moisture Evaporation makes it possible to improve the performance of the system by improving the cooling capacity and reducing the compression power. In addition, when the constant water evaporation method is adopted, there is a possibility that the size can be reduced to a fraction of a few without being affected by the outside air temperature as compared with the air cooling method. high.
[0030]
Furthermore, in a heat pump that is also used for cooling and heating, condensation may occur on the fin surface of the outdoor unit during heating or defrosting, and depending on the state of the outside air, it may lead to icing phenomenon. This makes it possible to avoid such a phenomenon.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24074496A JP3971811B2 (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1996-09-11 | Surface hydrophilization treatment method for material comprising aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24074496A JP3971811B2 (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1996-09-11 | Surface hydrophilization treatment method for material comprising aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloy |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP3971811B2 true JP3971811B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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| DE10314700A1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing surface-modified workpieces |
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