JP3962018B2 - 熱可塑性樹脂熱交換器、および熱可塑性樹脂熱交換器の作製方法 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂熱交換器、および熱可塑性樹脂熱交換器の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3962018B2 JP3962018B2 JP2003532914A JP2003532914A JP3962018B2 JP 3962018 B2 JP3962018 B2 JP 3962018B2 JP 2003532914 A JP2003532914 A JP 2003532914A JP 2003532914 A JP2003532914 A JP 2003532914A JP 3962018 B2 JP3962018 B2 JP 3962018B2
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/084—Undulated fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/022—Encapsulating hollow fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0233—Manufacturing thereof forming the bundle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/031—Two or more types of hollow fibres within one bundle or within one potting or tube-sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/061—Manufacturing thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/068—Tubular membrane modules with flexible membrane tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
- F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
- F28F9/187—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding at least one of the parts being non-metallic, e.g. heat-sealing plastic elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/22—Cooling or heating elements
- B01D2313/221—Heat exchangers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/905—Materials of manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49362—Tube wound about tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
1つまたは複数の内径約1.2mm(0.047インチ)、および壁厚約0.15mm(0.006インチ)を有する、予備成型された中空MFA管は、サウスカロライナ州、Orangebury、のZeus Industrial Products Inc.から得られた。中空MFA管を手で撚られた対にしてポッティングのためのコードを作って、約30cm(1フィート)のコード当り約12回の撚りが得られた。単一のコードは、幅約20cm(8インチ)および長さ約46cm(18インチ)〜約69cm(27インチ)の金属枠に巻き付け、金属枠にコードを約75回の巻付けを行うことが可能であった。枠および巻き付けたコードを、オーブン内において摂氏150度で30分間アニーリングした。アニーリングの後、ラックからそれぞれ長さ約41cm(18インチ)〜約69cm(27インチ)の約75巻きのコードが得られた。単一ラックまたは複数ラックからのコードを集めて、長さ約41cm(16インチ)〜約64cm(25インチ)と測定される、前もって加熱処理し、かつMFA被覆したPFA管中に納めた。この管の内径は約2.5cm(1インチ)〜約5.7cm(2.25インチ)であり、約0.6cm(1/4インチ)のFlareTek(登録商標)流体管継手を、PFA管の各端部からおよそ約5cm(2インチ)の所に接合した。装置の各端部に、ニュージャージー州、Thorofare、のAusimont USA Inc.社から得た、Hyflon(登録商標)MFA940AX樹脂を使用して、275℃で約40時間ポッティングした。40時間のポッティングの後の各端部の冷却は、150℃まで0.2℃/分の速度で制御した。一体にされた末端ブロック端部から樹脂を除去し、旋盤またはナイフを使用しポッティングした装置の端部部分を機械加工することにより、中空管を開口させた。ポッティングした交換器の流体管継手は、管の各端部に管用ねじを刻むことにより、または管上に端部キャップを熱的に融着することにより作製した。
Claims (25)
- 交換装置であって、
ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筐体と、
a)複数のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管とを備え、該中空管が、コードおよび非周回管からなるグループから選択される形態を有し、各前記中空管が、第1の端部および第2の端部、ならびに第1の端部と第2の端部との間を通る中空部を有し、
b)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の前記第1の端部が、少なくとも前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の周辺でペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂を介して融着接合されて、一体にされた第1の末端端部ブロックを形成し、前記一体にされた第1の末端端部ブロックにおいて、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の端部が、液密に一緒に前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂に融着された形で接合され、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の前記第2の端部が、少なくとも前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の周辺でペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂を介して融着接合されて、一体にされた第2の末端端部ブロックを形成し、前記一体にされた第2の末端端部ブロックにおいて、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の端部が、液密に一緒に前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂に融着された形で接合され、
c)前記一体にされた第1の末端端部ブロックおよび前記一体にされた第2の末端端部ブロックが、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の接合されていない部分の中空部と連通する貫通孔を有し、
d)前記一体にされた第1の末端端部ブロックが、第1の流体を前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管に供給する第1の流体入口接続部を有し、前記一体にされた第2の末端端部ブロックが、前記第1の流体を前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管から取り出す第1の流体出口接続部を有し、
e)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筐体が、融着接合されたペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂材料の単一体を形成するために前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂によって融着接合され、
f)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筺体が、第2の流体が交換装置に入る第1の筐体ポートと、前記第2の流体が筐体を出る第2の筐体ポートとを有する、交換装置。 - 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管が、一緒に撚られる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管が、コードに組まれている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂中空管が、コードに組まれ、前記コードが、熱的にアニーリングされて前記組みを固定している、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン−コ−ペルフルオロメチルビニルエーテル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン−コ−ペルフルオロプロピルビニルエーテル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン−コ−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、およびポリフッ化ビニリデンからなるグループから選択される、熱可塑性樹脂または該熱可塑性樹脂の混合物から構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管が、非多孔性である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記融着接合されたペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂材料の単一体が、ペルフルオロネーテッド材料だけからなる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 複数のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管を含む交換装置を作製する方法であって、前記複数のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管は、第1の流体を第2の流体に接触させ、前記方法が、
a)第1の端部および第2の端部を有する複数のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管で構成され、少なくとも1つのコードを形成する束を形成するステップと、
b)1つまたは複数の前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の束の第1の端部を、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筐体の第1の端部にペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂で融着接合して、第1の一体にされた末端端部ブロックを形成するステップと、
c)1つまたは複数の前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の束の第2の端部を、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筐体の第2の端部にペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂で融着接合して、第2の一体にされた末端端部ブロックを形成するステップと、
d)ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂で融着されたペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管を通って流体流を供給するように、第1および第2の一体にされた末端端部ブロックのペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管端部を開口するステップとを含み、
前記一体にされた末端端部ブロックが、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂材料の単一体を形成する、方法。 - 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂で融着される前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の開放端が、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の接合されない部分と実質的に同一の断面積を有する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記コードにおける中空管の曲げを固定するように、前記コードを前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の融点未満の温度でアニーリングするステップをさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記アニーリングされたコードを、個々のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管に分離し、かつ次いで前記個々のペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管を前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂で接合するステップをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記一体にされた末端端部ブロックに少なくとも1つの流体接続ポートを融着接合するステップをさらに含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の充填密度は、20体積パーセントから60体積パーセントの範囲にある、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 第1の流体から第2の流体への伝熱のために請求項1に記載の交換装置を使用する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の第1の側に第1の流体を流すステップと、
b)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の第2の側に第2の流体を流すステップと、
c)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管の壁を通して前記第1の流体と第2の流体との間でエネルギーを伝達するステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記第1の流体が、フォトレジスト、反射防止コーティング、レジスト剥離剤、またはフォトレジスト現像液である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の流体が、スピン塗布誘電体である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の流体が、銅イオンを含む流体である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の流体が、酸、塩基、酸化剤、およびそれらの混合物からなるグループから選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の流体が、有機質液体である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の流体が、不活性気体、水、ポリエチレングリコール組成物、および水蒸気からなるグループから選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の流体が、気体である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 流体のクロスフロー濾過のために請求項1に記載の交換装置を使用する方法であって、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管は、多孔性であり、前記方法が、
a)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空多孔性管の第1の側に、不溶性懸濁材料を含有する第1の流体を流すステップと、
b)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空多孔性管を通して前記第1の流体の一部を濾過するステップとを含み、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空多孔性管が前記不溶性懸濁材料の一部を保持し、かつ前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空多孔性管を通して前記第1の流体の一部を通過させる、方法。 - 流体間の物質移動のために請求項1に記載の交換装置を使用する方法であって、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空管は、多孔性であり、前記方法が、
a)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂中空多孔性管の第1の側に第1の流体を流すステップと、
b)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂多孔性中空管の第2の側に第2の流体を流すステップと、
c)前記第2の流体の一部を第1の流体中に溶解するステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記第1の流体が水溶液であり、また第2の流体が気体である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 流体流回路にライン内で接続されるように構成された交換装置であって、
a)流体管継手を備えているペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂の筺体と、
b)前記筺体内の位置に配置され、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂から製作した複数のペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管を内蔵する管の束とを備え、
c)前記ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂管が、長さ方向に配列され、かつ第1の端部および第2の端部を有し、該第1の端部および第2の端部が、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂を介して前記筐体に第1の端部および第2の端部の周辺で融着接合されて一体にされた末端端部ブロックを形成し、前記一体にされた末端端部ブロックにおいて、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管の第1の端部および第2の端部が、さらに末端端部ブロックを貫通して流体連通可能であるように、液密に融着された形で接合され、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管、筐体、およびペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂が、ペルフルオロネーテッド熱可塑性樹脂材料の単一体を形成し、
d)前記筺体が、第1の流体を、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管の第1の端部に供給する第1の流体入口ポートと、前記ペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管の前記第2の端部から前記第1の流体を取り出す第1の流体出口ポートとを有し、前記筺体が、第2の流体を、前記筺体の内壁と前記ペルフルオロネーテッド非周回管との間に形成される容積に供給する第2の流体入口ポートを有し、前記筐体が、前記第2の流体を筐体から取り出す第2の流体出口ポートを有する、交換装置。
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-
2002
- 2002-09-26 EP EP02800360A patent/EP1432955A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-26 SG SG200803612-1A patent/SG157235A1/en unknown
- 2002-09-26 JP JP2003532914A patent/JP3962018B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-26 KR KR1020047004691A patent/KR100581648B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-26 CN CNB028193997A patent/CN100380083C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-26 EP EP10183708A patent/EP2275766A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-09-26 WO PCT/US2002/030493 patent/WO2003029744A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-26 US US10/489,214 patent/US7308932B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-01 TW TW91122625A patent/TW575725B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003029744A2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| EP2275766A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| US20040251010A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| JP2005526944A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
| US20080135219A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| WO2003029744A3 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| WO2003029744B1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
| EP1432955A4 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
| CN100380083C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
| US7308932B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 |
| KR100581648B1 (ko) | 2006-05-22 |
| EP1432955A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
| CN1561448A (zh) | 2005-01-05 |
| SG157235A1 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
| TW575725B (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| KR20040037213A (ko) | 2004-05-04 |
| US8091618B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
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