JP3956363B2 - 透析液を洗浄するのに有用なカートリッジ - Google Patents
透析液を洗浄するのに有用なカートリッジ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3956363B2 JP3956363B2 JP2002545825A JP2002545825A JP3956363B2 JP 3956363 B2 JP3956363 B2 JP 3956363B2 JP 2002545825 A JP2002545825 A JP 2002545825A JP 2002545825 A JP2002545825 A JP 2002545825A JP 3956363 B2 JP3956363 B2 JP 3956363B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dialysate
- cartridge
- absorbent
- absorbent cartridge
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
a)シングルパス−血液透析は腎不全におけるもっとも一般的な治療法である。ほとんどの血液透析治療はシングルパス透析装置でもって実施される。これらは透析液(洗浄液)がダイアライザー中で血液のかたわらを1回、通過し、次いで捨てられるから、シングルパスと呼ばれる。シングルパス透析装置は一般的には、
1)少なくとも1000〜1500ml/分(R.O.システムによる50%排除速度を仮定して)で輸送することができる給水源;
2)連続流量500〜800ml/分の精製水を供給するに充分な水浄化システム;
3)1分当たり500〜800mlの水をポンプで供給し、治療するための少なくとも15アンペアの電気回路;
4)1分当たり少なくとも500mlの使用済み透析液を収容できる床排出管または他の容器ならびにR.O.システムから排除される水
を必要とする。
1)吸収剤システムは、少量の透析液を連続的に再生し、装置内に水処理システムを組み込んでいるから、連続給水源、別の水浄化装置または床排出管を必要としない。したがって、吸収剤システムは真に携帯可能である。
2)吸収剤システムは、透析手順の初めから終わりまで同じ少量の透析液をリサイクルするから、たった5アンペアの電源を必要とするだけである。シングルパス透析では大量の透析液のために使用される激務に耐える透析液ポンプおよび加熱器を必要としない。
3)吸収剤システムは6リットルの水道水を使用して、全治療のための透析液を調製することができる。
4)吸収剤システムは吸収剤カートリッジを使用する。これは水浄化器および使用済み透析液を新鮮な透析液に再生する手段の両者として作用する。輸液システムは再生透析液の電解質組成のバランスを適当に保つために、これとともに作用する。
本発明の一態様は、老廃物質を含有する溶液の再生または浄化において有用である物質を提供することにある。
本発明の別な態様は、腹膜透析液などの透析液または血液透析に使用されたものなどの他の透析液の再生または浄化において有用である物質を提供することにある。
本発明の別な態様は、大量の透析液を避け、そして使用済み透析液の廃棄を避けるために、透析液が再生され得るシステムを提供することにある。
本発明のさらなる態様は、上記した困難性の1つ以上を克服することにある。
図1 REDYRカートリッジを示す図式である。
図2 シングルパス透析システムを示す図式である。
図3 吸収剤透析システムを示す図式である。
図4 本発明の吸収剤カートリッジの好ましい物質の相互関係を示す図である。
図5 本発明の吸収剤カートリッジの好ましい物質の相互関係を示す図である。
図6 本発明の吸収剤カートリッジの好ましい物質の相互関係を示す図である。
図7 本発明のカートリッジを試験する透析試験構成を示す図式である。
図8 カートリッジとREDYRカートリッジにおける各層の種々の機能を示す図である。
本発明は透析液中に蓄積する老廃物質および過剰な液体の除去などの分離工程において有用な物質に関する。これらの物質は好ましくは分離工程において有用な物質を保持することができる容器(すなわち、カートリッジ)中に存在する。好ましい実施態様では、以下に詳細に記載される物質または種々の物質の配置は、例えば透析を実施する結果として、透析液中に蓄積する老廃物質および/または過剰な液体の除去に有用である透析システムまたは他の同様なタイプのシステムで好ましくは使用される。以下により詳細に記載されるように、本発明は腹膜透析(PD)で、または血液透析(HD)で使用された透析液を浄化または再生するのに有用である。本発明の目的では、透析液は腹膜透析または血液透析または吸収剤透析システムにおいて有用である透析液を意味する。PDまたはHDにおける従来の透析液は当業者には公知であり、本発明により使用され、かつ再生され得る。
約2重量%〜約5重量%のNa+;
約44重量%〜約50重量%のZrO2;
約12重量%〜約18重量%のCO3 2−;および
約30重量%〜約40重量%のLODを有し、ここでLODはSZCの乾燥時に失われた重量である。大部分のLODはH2Oである。
約30〜約35mgPO4−P/gmSZCのリン酸塩最小吸着能力;他の能力も使用され得る;
約2〜約4mgHCO3 −/gmSZCの最小HCO3 −含量;他の量も存在し得る;
約1.5〜約2.0mEqNa+/gmSZCの最大浸出性Na+含量;他の量も存在し得る;
および/または滴定炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムのpH範囲約6〜約7;他のpHも使用され得る。
リン酸ジルコニウム重量に基づいて、
約1.4〜約2.0重量%のH+含量;
約4〜約6重量%のNa+含量;
約34〜約37重量%のZrO2含量;
約41〜約43重量%のPO4 −含量;および
約14〜約18重量%のH2O含量
の1つ以上を有する。
塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムの重量に基づいて、
約1000ppmより少ないNa+含量を有する塩基性炭酸ジルコニウム;
約35重量%〜約40重量%のZrO2;
約8重量%〜約10重量%のCO3 2−を有する。これらのパラメーターのそれぞれにおける他の量も使用され得る。
a)炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムまたは他のアルカリ金属−IV群の金属炭酸塩
b)リン酸ジルコニウムまたは他のアンモニア吸着剤
c)アルミナまたは他の同様な物質
d)ウレアーゼ担持アルミナまたは他の固定化酵素層、あるいは珪藻土または酸化ジルコニウムなどの尿素をアンモニアに変換する他の物質
e)顆粒状活性炭または他の吸着剤。
吸着層;
固定化酵素層または尿素をアンモニアに変換する他の物質;
任意の障壁層;
任意のアルミナ層;
アンモニア吸着剤;
リン酸塩吸着剤;
任意のフィルターパッド。
a.吸着、例えば吸着剤として一般に使用されるアルミナ、活性炭、アニオン交換樹脂、珪藻土、または他の従来の吸着剤。
b.活性化方法または反応性ポリマーにより酵素−ポリマー接合体を形成する水不溶性ポリマーとの共有結合。酵素との共有結合のために一般に使用される水不溶性担持体は、次のものが挙げられる:
合成支持体、例えば、 アクリルアミド系ポリマー;
無水マレイン酸系ポリマー;
ポリペプチド;
スチレン系ポリマー。
天然支持体、例えば、アガロース(セファロース);
デキストラン(セファデックス);
セルロース;
デンプン。
c.多官能性試薬、例えばグルタルアルデヒド、ヘキサメチレンジアミンを使用する酵素の分子内架橋。架橋は通常、多孔性支持体上に吸着した後に行われる。
d.架橋ポリマー、例えばポリアクリルアミドゲル内の包括。
e.マイクロカプセル化、例えばナイロン、硝酸セルロース、エチルセルロース、ポリアミド。
f.半透過膜装置、例えばアミコン(Amicon)限外濾過セル、ダウ(Dow)中空糸ビーカー装置内での封じ込め。
透析液再生システムは図7に示されるようにセットアップされた。図7に示されるように、試験システムは透析液のサンプリングのみならず、血液またはPD液体中に見られる老廃物質のシミュレーションであるシミュレートされた患者体液のサンプリングが生じることができるような種々の位置に配置され得る。より詳細には、試料採取No.1はカートリッジ中に導入する前に、使用済み透析液またはPD液体の含量を試料採取する能力を示す。試料採取No.2は透析液またはPD液体が本発明のカートリッジで一旦、再生されているとこれらを試験することができる。試料採取No.3は再生された透析液またはPD液体が、通常、カルシウムおよびマグネシウムイオンを導入して、それらを許容される濃度にまで回復させる輸液の標準的成分とともに注入された後、再生透析液またはPD液体の試料採取を可能とする。他の成分もまた輸液によって回復され得る。試料採取No.4はダイアライザー中を通過した後、患者のシミュレートされた体液の含量を試験することを可能にし、試料採取No.5は血液またはPD液体などに通常、見られる一般的な老廃物質を含有するシミュレートされた患者体液の含量を試験する能力を可能とする。図7に示される残りの成分は、機械的セットアップおよび試料ポートの使用、流量計、流量コントロール、ポンプ、出力制御、ダイアライザーなどに関しては従来のものである。
(効果)
透析前BUN濃度 85mg% 透析後BUN濃度 36.6mg%
透析前クレアチニン濃度 9.5mg% 透析後クレアチニン濃度 5.2mg%
透析前PO4−P濃度 4.7mg% 透析後PO4−P濃度 2.8mg%
患者からの尿毒素除去量およびカートリッジの吸着能力
BUN 29gm
クレアチニン 2.6gm
PO4−P 1.16gm
これらの量の尿毒素除去は、kT/vに基づく透析要件を満足すべきである。
カートリッジにより発生した圧力 最大24psi
治療中のカートリッジ流出液組成
カートリッジ出口変動範囲のNa+濃度は、治療中、132〜155mEq/Lであった。
患者の透析前Na+ 136mEq/L
患者の透析後Na+ 138mEq/L
患者の透析前重炭酸塩 24mEq/L
患者の透析後重炭酸塩 25mEq/L
ZrP pH5.5、0.106mEqNa+
ZrP pH6.25、0.2266mEqNa+
透析液流速100ml/分で8時間の治療における尿毒素除去は、以下に示されるものであった。
BUN 4.8gm
クレアチニン 0.96gm
PO4−P 0.48gm
透析前後のPD液体および透析液の電解質バランス:
17 流量メーター
19 導電率メーター
21 温度計
23 ヒーター
25 血液漏出検知計
27 UFメーター
29 ダイアライザー
31 使用済み透析液
33 新鮮透析液
35 UFコントロール
37 UFポンプ
39 定量ポンプ
41 濃縮液
43 水源
45 水処理システム
47 容器又は排水溝
49 電源
51 ヒーター
53 流量メーター
55 伝導率メーター
57 温度計
59 UFコントロール
61 輸液ポンプ
63 血液漏出検知計
65 UFメーター
67 ダイアライザー
69 使用済み透析液
71 新鮮透析液
73 透析液ポンプ
75 カートリッジ
77 6リットルリザーバー
79 新鮮濃縮液
Claims (28)
- 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムを含む層及びリン酸ジルコニウムを含む層を含む吸収剤カートリッジであり、前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムを含む層は前記リン酸ジルコニウムを含む層の上に配置されている吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムを含む層は炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムで構成されている請求項1に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記リン酸ジルコニウムを含む層はリン酸ジルコニウムで構成されている請求項1又は2に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 更にアルミナ、ウレアーゼ担持アルミナ、顆粒状活性炭、またはこれらの組合せを含む、請求項1〜3の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記アルミナ、ウレアーゼ担持アルミナ、および顆粒状活性炭はそれぞれ前記吸収剤カートリッジ中に個々に別個の層として存在する請求項4に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記層は次の順に:
a)炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウム;
b)リン酸ジルコニウム;
c)アルミナ;
d)ウレアーゼ担持アルミナ;
e)顆粒状活性炭
を有する、請求項4又は5に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。 - 前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムの上に接して配置された第1フィルターパッド、前記ウレアーゼ担持アルミナと前記顆粒状活性炭の間に接して配置された第2フィルターパッド、および前記顆粒状活性炭の下に接して配置された第3フィルターパッドを含む、請求項4〜6の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記第3フィルターパッドの下に接して配置された流動拡散装置を含む請求項7に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 更に含水酸化ジルコニウムを含む、請求項1、4〜8の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記含水酸化ジルコニウムは酢酸塩の形態である、請求項9に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび前記含水酸化ジルコニウムは、重量比、1:1で存在する、請求項9又は10に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび前記含水酸化ジルコニウムは、同じ層中に存在し、互いに混合されている、請求項9〜11の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 更に塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムを含む、請求項1〜12の何れか1に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムは、100グラム〜300グラムの量にて前記カートリッジ中に存在する、請求項1〜13の何れか1に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記リン酸ジルコニウムは300グラム〜1900グラムの量にて前記カートリッジ中に存在する、請求項1〜14の何れか1に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 更に100グラム〜500グラムの量のアルミナ、100グラム〜300グラムの量の固定化酵素、および100グラム〜500グラムの量の活性炭または他の吸着剤を含む、請求項15に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 尿素を炭酸アンモニウムに酵素的変換することができる固定化酵素物質、ナトリウムまたは水素体のカチオン交換物質、Ac − 、HCO 3 − 、Cl − 、またはOH − 体のアニオン交換物質、およびクレアチニン、尿酸、またはその両者を除去することができる吸着剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜16の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 更に塩素除去物質を含む、請求項17に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記物質は前記カートリッジ中に2つ以上の層として存在する、請求項17又は18に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 前記カートリッジは新鮮な透析液に見られる濃度にまで、使用済み透析液中のNa + およびHCO 3 − を回復することができる、請求項1〜19の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ。
- 請求項1〜20の何れか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ中に前記使用済み透析液を通過させることを含む使用済み透析液を再生または浄化する方法。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジ、前記カートリッジに液体連通するダイアライザーを含み、使用済み透析液は前記ダイアライザーから前記カートリッジへおよびその中を通過することを含む、透析を実施する装置。
- 前記使用済み透析液は、使用済み血液透析液である、請求項22に記載の透析を実施する装置。
- 前記使用済み透析液は、新鮮な透析液に見られるNa + およびHCO 3 − 含量にまで回復される、請求項22に記載の透析を実施する装置。
- 前記ダイアライザーは患者の血液と液体連通させる、請求項22に記載の透析を実施する装置。
- 前記血液中のNa + およびHCO 3 − は、腎臓疾患でない健康な患者に見られる濃度にまで回復されうる、請求項22に記載の透析を実施する装置。
- 前記使用済み透析液は、使用済み腹膜透析液が前記ダイアライザー中を通過させられ、そして新鮮な透析液で洗浄されるダイアライザーから得られた使用済み透析液である、請求項22に記載の透析を実施する装置。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか一に記載の吸収剤カートリッジおよび使用済み腹膜透析液源を含む透析システムであって、前記使用済み腹膜透析液源は前記カートリッジと液体連通し、前記腹膜透析液は前記カートリッジへおよびその中を通過する透析システム。
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| US09/723,396 US6627164B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2000-11-28 | Sodium zirconium carbonate and zirconium basic carbonate and methods of making the same |
| PCT/US2001/044660 WO2002043859A2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | Cartridges useful in cleaning dialysis solutions |
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| JP2004525747A5 JP2004525747A5 (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
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| JP2002546036A Expired - Lifetime JP4159355B2 (ja) | 2000-11-28 | 2001-11-28 | 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび塩基性炭酸ジルコニウム並びにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2008046945A Expired - Lifetime JP4885161B2 (ja) | 2000-11-28 | 2008-02-27 | 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2011142551A Expired - Lifetime JP5439438B2 (ja) | 2000-11-28 | 2011-06-28 | 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムおよびそれらの製造方法 |
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| JP2008046945A Expired - Lifetime JP4885161B2 (ja) | 2000-11-28 | 2008-02-27 | 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2011142551A Expired - Lifetime JP5439438B2 (ja) | 2000-11-28 | 2011-06-28 | 炭酸ナトリウムジルコニウムおよび塩基性炭酸ジルコニウムおよびそれらの製造方法 |
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| AU (3) | AU1793002A (ja) |
| CA (4) | CA2699334C (ja) |
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