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JP3748981B2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3748981B2
JP3748981B2 JP12260297A JP12260297A JP3748981B2 JP 3748981 B2 JP3748981 B2 JP 3748981B2 JP 12260297 A JP12260297 A JP 12260297A JP 12260297 A JP12260297 A JP 12260297A JP 3748981 B2 JP3748981 B2 JP 3748981B2
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Prior art keywords
distal end
insertion portion
endoscope
shape
end portion
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JP12260297A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10309259A (en
Inventor
晴彦 上野
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/31Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the rectum, e.g. proctoscopes, sigmoidoscopes, colonoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00091Nozzles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/12Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with cooling or rinsing arrangements

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、内視鏡は医療用分野及び工業用分野で広く用いられるようになった。例えば、医療用分野においては、切開を行うことなく、体腔内深部を観察したり、必要に応じて処置具で治療処置を行うことができる。
【0003】
このために、体腔内に挿入し易いことが患者に与える苦痛を軽減できることから望まれる。例えば、従来技術としては実開昭64−36816号公報には挿入部の先端断面を略円形にしたものがある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
内視鏡の挿入性を向上させるために、挿入部の先端部の先端面には挿入部の挿入方向に向かって略球形の凸状曲面が突設されている。つまり、挿入方向に垂直な先端部断面が円に形成されている。
【0005】
ここで、大腸を内視鏡検査する場合、患者は、左側を下に横向きになる。つまり、肛門は臀部に挟まれ円形状ではなく偏平の楕円のような形状、または、偏平につぶれた形状になっている。
【0006】
上記のように、肛門が偏平の形状になっているにもかかわらず、従来技術の内視鏡では先端断面が略円形状になっているため肛門への挿入性が悪かった。
【0007】
(発明の目的)
本発明は上述した点に鑑みてなされたもので、肛門を通過して大腸内の深部への挿入性の優れた内視鏡を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
挿入部先端部の先端面を略楕円形状にし、湾曲部先端部を円形に形成し、先端部形状を挿入部先端面から湾曲部先端部にかけて略楕円形状から円形に移行する滑らかな曲面にすることにより、挿入部先端部の大腸内検査の挿入口となる肛門の開口形状と相似形状となり肛門を通過して大腸内の深部側への挿入性を向上できる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
(第1の実施の形態)
図1及び図2は本発明の第1の実施の形態に係り、図1は第1の実施の形態を備えた電子内視鏡システムの全体構成を示し、図2は第1の実施の形態の電子内視鏡の挿入部の先端側の構成を示す。
【0010】
図1は第1の実施の形態の電子内視鏡(ビデオ内視鏡)を備えた(電子内視鏡システム(ビデオ内視鏡システム)1全体の概略構成を示すものであるが、本実施の形態は電子内視鏡に限定されるものでなく、ファイババンドルによりイメージガイドを形成したファイバ式内視鏡(ファイバスコープ)にも適用可能である。
【0011】
図1に示す電子内視鏡システム1は撮像手段を内蔵した電子内視鏡2と、この電子内視鏡2のライトガイドに照明光を供給する光源装置3と、撮像手段に対する信号処理を行うビデオプロセッサ4と、ビデオプロセッサ4から出力される映像信号を表示するカラーモニタ5と、前記映像信号を記録するVTRデッキ6及びビデオディスク7と、前記映像信号から対応する内視鏡画像をプリントするビデオプリンタ8とを備えている。
【0012】
電子内視鏡2は患者の体内に挿入される細長の挿入部9と、この挿入部9の基端部に連結された手元側の操作部10とが設けられている。
また、手元側の操作部10にはユニバーサルコード11の一端部が連結され、このユニバーサルコード11の他端部にはコネクタ部12が連結されている。
【0013】
さらに、このコネクタ部12には信号ケーブル13の一端部が連結され、この信号ケーブル13の他端部には第2のコネクタ部14が連結されている。ユニバーサルコード11のコネクタ部12は照明光を発生する源装置3に、信号ケーブル13の第2のコネクタ部14は映像信号を生成するビデオプロセッサ4にそれぞれ着脱可能に連結される。
【0014】
そして、光源装置3内の光源ランプ15から放射された照明光は集光レンズ16を経て電子内視鏡2のライトガイド17の入射端面に入射されるようになっている。さらに、このライトガイド17を経て伝送される照明光は挿入部9の先端部側から外部に照射されるようになっている。
【0015】
また、信号ケーブル13の第2のコネクタ部14はビデオプロセッサ4に着脱可能に連結されている。このビデオプロセッサ4にはモニタ5と、VTRデッキ6と、ビデオディスク7と、ビデオプリンタ8とがそれぞれ接続されている。
【0016】
そして、電子内視鏡2によって撮像される内視鏡像は図示しない電荷結合素子(CCDと略記)等の撮像装置によって電気信号に変換された後、電子内視鏡2内の信号線を介してビデオプロセッサ4に入力され、このビデオプロセッサ4内で信号処理され、内視鏡像がカラーモニタ5に表示されるとともに、必要に応じてVTRデッキ6、ビデオディスク7、ビデオプリンタ8に出力されるようになっている。
【0017】
また、電子内視鏡2の挿入部9には基端部が手元側操作部10に連結された細長く、可撓性を有する可撓管部18が設けられている。この可撓管部18の先端側には湾曲自在の湾曲部19を介して観察光学系等が設けられた硬質の先端部20が連結されている。そして、手元側の操作部10の図示しない湾曲操作手段を操作することによって湾曲部19を遠隔的に湾曲制御可能にして、屈曲した体腔内に沿って挿入したり、挿入部9の先端部20に設けた観察光学系の観察方向を所望の方向に向けることができるようにしている。
【0018】
本実施の形態では電子内視鏡2の挿入部9の先端側を図2に示すような外形形状にして、大腸検査する場合に肛門から挿入し易い形状にした大腸検査用内視鏡を実現している。
【0019】
図2(A)は挿入部9の先端部20の斜視図であり、図2(B)は先端部20を先端側から見た正面図、図2(C)は図2(B)の正面図を右側から見た右側面図、図2(D)は図2(B)の正面図を下方から見た下側面図である。
【0020】
挿入部9の先端部20の先端面Xは図2(B)に示すように平坦な楕円21形状に形成されている。このように先端部20の先端面Xを楕円21にして、大腸内を検査する場合に、挿入口となる肛門の開口形状に相似した形状にすることにより、円滑に挿入することが可能な形状にしている。
【0021】
また、湾曲部19の先端部Y、或いは先端部20の後端と湾曲部19の先端との境界部の外形は(或いは挿入部9の長手方向と直交する)断面形状は円22に形成されている。
【0022】
そして、先端面Xから湾曲部先端部Yにかけて楕円21が円22に滑らかに移行するように滑らかな曲面23が先端部20の外表面に形成されている。この場合、円22の直径は先端面Xの楕円21の長軸より僅かに大きい程度でほぼ同じ大きさであるが、楕円21の短軸は円22の直径よりかなり小さいので、この短軸側の外表面が特に曲率半径が小さい滑らかな曲面23となっている。
なお、本実施の形態では先端面Xの中心は円22の中心軸上に一致するように設けられている。
【0023】
この先端面Xには照明光を出射する照明窓部25と照明された患部等を観察する観察用の観察窓部24とが設けられている。より具体的には楕円21の長軸に沿って互いに離間した2つの位置に2つの照明窓部25が配置され、これら2つの照明窓部25の中央付近に観察窓部24が配置されている。
【0024】
観察窓部24および照明窓部25には図示しない観察用レンズ系および照明用レンズ系がそれぞれ配置されており、それぞれのレンズ系は複数のレンズで構成されている。
【0025】
さらに、先端面Xには観察窓部24、照明窓部25とともに洗滌用ノズル26、処置具チャンネル27等の複数の構成ユニットができるだけ近接させた状態で適当に密接して配置されている。
【0026】
図2(A)或いは図2(B)に示すように洗滌用ノズル26、処置具チャンネル27はその一部が曲面23にかかるように設けている。
ここで、処置具チャンネル27の基端部は図1に示す電子内視鏡2の手元側の操作部10に設けられた処置部挿入口体28と連通している。
【0027】
本実施の形態では、略円形の断面を有する湾曲部先端部Yに対し、挿入部先端部20の先端面Xを略楕円形状に形成し、前記湾曲部先端部Yから前記挿入部先端部20の先端面Xに至るまでの間に略円形から略楕円形状に移行するなめらかな曲面23を設けたことが特徴となっている。
【0028】
換言すると、体腔内の挿入口となる非円形の開口形状に相似形となるように挿入部9の先端部20の先端形状をすると共に、この先端部20の先端形状を先端部20の後端側の断面が円形となるように先端部20の外表面を滑らかに移行或いは接続する曲面を形成していることが特徴となっている。
【0029】
次に本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
図2(B)の正面図を右側から見ると、図2(C)に示すように先端部20に丸みの半径が大きい曲面が形成される。一方、下側側面図の図2(D)に示すように下側側面は円柱を側面から見た形になる。つまり、先端部20の断面は楕円形状(偏平形状)になり、大腸内視鏡検査時の患者の肛門の開口形状に相似した形状で、挿入可能なサイズにして先端面が円形断面の場合よりも挿入し易い形状になっている。
【0030】
このため、本実施の形態によれば大腸検査を行う場合には、この電子内視鏡2の先端部20の先端面Xの楕円形状を肛門の楕円形状の開口に合わせて押し込むことにより、容易に挿入することができる。
【0031】
また先端部20は先端面Xからその後端の湾曲部先端部Yにかけて滑らかな曲面23が設けてあるので、先端部20の後端側も円滑に肛門を通過させることができ、患者に与える苦痛を軽減して挿入部9を大腸内の深部側に挿入でき、大腸内の深部側等を検査することができる。
【0032】
従って、本実施の形態は以下の効果を有する。
挿入部9の先端面Xを楕円21形状に形成することにより、先端面は大腸内視鏡検査時の患者の肛門の形状により近い形状になるので肛門への通過が良好になる。また、先端部20は楕円から円に滑らかな曲面で形成されているので先端部20の後端側等も肛門を円滑に通過させることができ、大腸内の深部側を検査する場合に、患者に与える苦痛を軽減して挿入性を向上できる。
【0033】
また、挿入部9を円滑に挿入操作できるので、術者の負担も軽減でき、かつ短時間で大腸検査を終了できる。
【0034】
尚、湾曲部19は所望の位置に湾曲操作できるように略円形状になっていた方が望ましい。湾曲部19が偏平であると湾曲形状が従来の内視鏡の湾曲部と異なり、湾曲力量が重くなる、さらに湾曲管の製造が面倒になる等の欠点がある。
【0035】
(第2の実施の形態)
図3は本発明の第2の実施の形態を示すものである。ここで、図3(A)は先端部20を先端側から見た正面図であり、図3(B)は図3(A)の正面図を右側から見た右側面図である。
【0036】
図3(A)に示すように挿入部9の先端部20の先端面Xは第1の実施の形態と同様に平坦な楕円29形状に形成されている。また、湾曲部19の先端部Yの断面形状は円30に形成されている。そして、図3(B)に示すように、第1の実施の形態と同様に先端部先端面Xから湾曲部先端部Yにかけて楕円29が円30に移行するように滑らかな曲面31が形成されている。
【0037】
本実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態の場合と異なり、楕円29の中心軸O1 は先端部20の中心軸Oより偏心した偏心位置に配置されている。そして、楕円21の長軸方向に沿って2つの照明窓部25を配置し、2つの照明窓部25の中央付近で短軸方向により偏心した位置に観察窓部24を配置している。
尚、ここで説明していない他の構成要素は第1の実施の形態と同じであり、その説明を省略する。
【0038】
本実施の形態の作用は第1の実施の形態と同じように大腸検査を行う場合に肛門に円滑に挿入することができる。また、本実施の形態によれば、観察窓部24は先端部20の中心軸Oから偏心しているので、例えば大腸の壁面等を拡大観察する場合に適する。
【0039】
つまり、観察窓部24が設けられた側を壁面に近づけることにより、その壁面に近接して拡大観察することができる。一方、第1の実施の形態の場合には観察窓部24はほぼ中心付近に配置されているので、壁面全体を観察するのに適する。
【0040】
本実施の形態の効果は以下のようになる。
第1の実施の形態の効果に加え、内視鏡挿入部9及び先端部20はその外径寸法をできるだけ細くするために、観察窓部24、照明窓部25、洗浄用ノズル26、処置具チャンネル27等の各構成要素をできるだけ近接させた状態で適当に密接配置している。
【0041】
よって、楕円29の中心軸O1を先端部20の中心軸Oから偏心させることで、先端部20の各構成要素のレイアウトを自由に決めることができ、先端部20の外径寸法を細径化することができる。
【0042】
また、観察窓部24をより偏心した位置に配置することが容易となり、近点観察等がし易くできる。
【0043】
(第3の実施の形態)
図4は本発明の第3の実施の形態を示すものである。ここで、図4(A)は先端部斜視図であり、図4(B)は先端部20を先端側から見た正面図、図4(C)は図4(B)の正面図を右側から見た右側面図、図4(D)は図4(B)の正面図を下方から見た下側面図である。
【0044】
挿入部9の先端部20の先端面Xは図4(B)に示すように半径R1の円の一部32と半径R2の円の一部33と半径R3の円の一部34とを組み合わせた略楕円形状に形成されている。
【0045】
また、湾曲部19の先端部Yの断面形状は円35形状に形成されている。そして、第1の実施の形態と同様に先端部先端面Xから湾曲部先端部Yにかけて略楕円が円35に移行するように滑らかな曲面36が形成されている。
【0046】
尚、ここで説明していない他の構成要素は第1の実施の形態と同じである。
【0047】
次に作用を説明する。
第1の実施の形態と同様に、図4(B)の正面図を右側から見ると、図4(C)に示すように先端部20に丸みの半径が大きい曲面が形成される。一方、下側側面図の図4(D)に示すように下側側面は円柱を側面から見た形になる。つまり、先端部20の断面は略楕円形状になり、大腸内視鏡検査時の患者の肛門の形状(楕円)とほぼ同じ形状になる。
【0048】
本実施の形態の効果は第1の実施の形態とほぼ同じである。
尚、本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形実施できることは勿論である。
【0049】
(第4実施の形態)
以下、本発明の第4の実施の形態を図5を参照して説明する。本実施の形態では先端部20の広範囲に亙り丸みの大きな曲面を設けることにより、挿入性に優れた内視鏡を実現するものである。また、従来の内視鏡と同じ光学系を使用して、光学性能を損なうことがないようにしている。
【0050】
図5(A)は、先端部20を先端側から見た正面図を示しており、図5(B)の正面図を右側から見た右側面図を示している。
挿入部9の先端部20の先端平面37は、挿入部9の挿入方向に垂直な平面である。この垂直な先端平面37には観察用窓部24と照明用窓部25とが配置されている。
【0051】
観察用窓部24と照明用窓部25とが配置されている先端平面37は扁平形状で、この先端平面37以外の部分は広範囲にわたり、曲面38が形成されている。
【0052】
具体的には、処置具チャンネル27及び洗浄用ノズル26の配置されている面は曲面38に形成されている。観察窓部24、照明用窓部25の光学的有効領域が先端平面37にあれば、観察窓部24、照明用窓部25の非有効領域の一部が曲面38に配置されていても良い。
【0053】
また、湾曲部19の先端部Yの断面は円39形状にしている。その他は第1の実施の形態と同様の構成である
本実施の形態の作用は以下のようになる。
【0054】
処置具チャンネル27の開口及び洗浄用ノズル26を先端部曲面38に設けることで、先端部平面は偏平形状になり先端部20の広範囲(図5(A)の梨地部分)に亙り、半径の大きい丸みの曲面38を設けることができる。
【0055】
従って、本実施の形態は以下の効果がある。
先端部20の広範囲に亙り半径の大きい丸みの曲面を設けることができ、内視鏡の挿入性を向上させることができる。
【0056】
また、観察窓部24及び照明用窓部25は先端挿入方向に垂直な平面に配置されているので、観察用及び照明用レンズは軸対称レンズを使用することができ、従来と同じ光学系を使用することができる。さらに、映像の歪みや配光が悪くなるといったことがなくなり、従来の内視鏡と同じ光学性能が得られる。
【0057】
先端をより丸くするために照明用窓部25を観察用窓部24より後側に配置することが考えられるが、観察用窓部24と照明用窓部25の段差により照明光が遮られてしまうので好ましくない。
【0058】
さらに、観察用窓部24及び照明用窓部25を挿入方向に対し平行に配置できるので、挿入部先端部外径が太くなることはない。
ここで、処置具チャンネル27の開口及び洗浄用ノズル26を曲面に設けても内視鏡使用上問題は生じないので大きな曲率の曲面38を設けることが可能になる。
【0059】
ここで、図5(A)で処置具チャンネル27の開口の一部が垂直な先端平面37に開口しているが、曲面38に全て開口するようになっていても良い。
【0060】
(第5の実施の形態)
図6、図7を参照して、本発明の第5の実施の形態を説明する。図6は本実施の形態を備えた内視鏡システム41の主要部を示し、図7はその作用の説明図を示す。
図6に示す内視鏡システム41には電子内視鏡2と吸引タンク42と吸引ポンプ43とが設けられている。また、挿入部9内には処置具チャンネル27が配設されており、この処置具チャンネル27の基端側は処置具挿入口体28に接続されている。
【0061】
さらに、処置具チャンネル27の先端側は挿入部9の先端部20で開口している。また、内視鏡2の操作部10とユニバーサルコード11の内部にはその両者にわたって吸引管路44が配設されている。
【0062】
この吸引管路44は、ユニバーサルコード11内を通じて、コネクタ部12に設けた吸引口金45に接続され、この吸引口金45にはチューブを介して吸引タンク42及び吸引ポンプ43が接続されている。
【0063】
また、前記吸引管路44の他端は前記処置具チャンネル27の基端側に接続され、その処置具チャンネル27の先端側部分を吸引管路44の先端側部分として兼用している。さらに、電子内視鏡2における前記吸引管路44の途中には、吸引切り替え弁46が介挿されていて、この吸引切り替え弁46を操作することにより吸引動作、または吸引停止を行うようになっている。
【0064】
挿入部9の例えば可撓管部18には外部に開口する開口部47が形成されている。この開口部47にはL字状に屈曲した接続パイプ48の一端が接続されている。
【0065】
そして、接続パイプ48の他端には流体管路を形成する可撓性の脱気チューブ49の先端が接続されている。また、吸引管路44の吸引口金45と吸引切り替え弁46の途中には管路接続部材としてT字状の接続パイプ50が接続されており、脱気チューブ49の手元側は挿入部9から操作部10の各内部を通じてT字状の接続パイプ50に接続される。
【0066】
操作部10の領域において脱気チューブ49の途中にはその流体管路の開閉と流路系の吸引圧力等を調整する調整弁51が設けられている。この調整弁51は脱気チューブ49のどこに設けても良いが、操作部10に設ければ、調整弁51を術者が操作し易く弁操作が簡単である。
【0067】
なお、先端部20の構成は例えば第1の実施の形態と同様である。
次に本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
次に、図7を参照してこの電子内視鏡2を大腸61へ挿入する手技で本実施の形態の作用を説明する。図7(A)は腸本来の形であり、その大腸61の直腸62、S状結腸63、下行結腸64、脾湾曲部65に沿って電子内視鏡2の挿入部9を挿入していく。
【0068】
この挿入過程にあって肛門67に挿入する場合には上述のように先端部20の先端を肛門の開口形状と相似の楕円形状にしているので、挿入が容易であり、患者に苦痛を与えることなく円滑に挿入することができる。
【0069】
挿入にあたっては挿入部9の先端部20に設けた洗滌用ノズル(図6には図示しない)から送気を行い、挿入部9を誘導しようとする腸内部を膨らませて電子内視鏡2による観察視野を確保しながら挿入部9の先端を脾湾曲部65から横行結腸66まで誘導する。
【0070】
この挿入過程にあって肛門67は閉塞されているので、視野確保のための送気を続けると、腸内に空気が溜まり、腸内の圧力が高まる。そして、腸内の圧力が過剰になると大腸61は図7(A)で示す腸本来の形に戻ろうとするため、挿入性を損なう。
【0071】
ここで、吸引ポンプ42は検査時常に稼動しており、吸引切り替え弁46が吸引停止の位置にあるときは、吸引管路44、吸引切り替え弁46の隙間を通り外気を吸引し、また、吸引管路44から分岐している脱気チューブ49及び開口部47を通じ空気を吸引している。
【0072】
また、吸引切り替え弁46が吸引の位置にあるときは処置具チャンネル27の先端部開口より汚物、空気を吸引しており、また、吸引管路44から分岐している脱気チューブ49及び開口部47を通じ空気を吸引している。つまり、脱気チューブ49及び開口部47は常に吸引ポンプ43によって吸引状態となっている。
【0073】
本実施の形態は以下の効果を有する。
大腸内視鏡の挿入、観察を円滑に行うことを目的とし、患者の大腸内をきれいにするために検査前の処置として多量の液体を摂取させ、排便させることが行われている。ここで、この液体の全ては排便されず多少大腸内に残っている。
【0074】
過剰な空気は挿入部9の途中にある開口部47から脱気チューブ49及び吸引管路44を通じ、吸引ポンプ43により強制的に除去される。また、腸内に残存している液体が脱気チューブ49内に入り込んでも吸引ポンプ43により強制的に除去されるため、その後も空気を効率よく除去できる。
【0075】
そして、腸内の過剰な圧力を下げ、挿入部9の先端付近よりも手元側の腸部分の過送気による伸展を防止し、特に図7(B)で示すように直腸62からS状結腸63、下行結腸64、脾湾曲65にわたる腸壁を容易に収縮させるため、挿入部9の挿入性を損なわないし、電子内視鏡2による観察視野を確保することができる。また、腸の過伸展を防ぐので患者の苦痛を低減できる。
【0076】
また、電子内視鏡2の挿入部9を大腸61へ挿入する過程で、洗浄用ノズルからの送気によって挿入部9を誘導しようとする腸内部を膨らませて電子内視鏡2による観察視野を確保するが、腸内の状況によっては開口部47からの脱気が直ぐに起こり脱気過剰になり視野を確保できないことも起こり得る。
この場合には調整弁51を閉じ脱気を遮断したり、またはその開口量を絞り、腸内に視野確保が可能な程度に脱気量を調整し、視野確保を行う。その他は第1の実施の形態と同様の効果を有する。
【0077】
尚、本実施の形態では開口部47の数が1個であったが、挿入部9の周囲に複数の開口部47を間隔をあけて設けても良い。これらの開口部47を接続パイプ50を介して共通の脱気チューブ49または個別的な脱気チューブ49に接続するようにしても良い。
【0078】
(第6の実施の形態)
図8を参照して、本発明の第6の実施形態を説明する。図8(A)は内視鏡挿入部9の外観図を示しており、挿入部9には挿入部9の周方向に開口する第1の開口部68が形成されている。また、この開口部68の拡大断面図を図8(B)に示す。
【0079】
第1の開口部68の底部には第2開口部69が形成されており、この開口部69にはL字上の屈曲した接続パイプ48の一端が接続されている。その他の構成は例えば第5の実施の形態と同じ構成である。
【0080】
次に本実施の形態の作用を説明する。
過剰な空気は挿入部の途中にある第1の開口部68及び第2の開口部69を通じ、強制的に除去される。また、第2の開口部69は第1の開口部68の底部にあるため、第1の開口68の凹部により腸壁の粘膜は第2の開口69に吸着されることはない。
【0081】
さらに、第1の開口68の一部が腸壁より塞がれていても第1の開口68は挿入部9の全周に形成されているので常に過剰な空気を除去することができる。
本実施の形態は第1の実施の形態の効果の他に、以下の効果を有する。
【0082】
腸壁の粘膜が吸着されることがなく、また、開口部が挿入部9の全周に形成されているので、常に過剰な空気を除去することができる。また、腸壁を損傷する可能性もない。
【0083】
尚、この第6の実施の形態では、第1の開口68の形状が凹状であったが、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、図8(C)、図8(D)に示すように、三角形状の第1の開口68Aまたは半円形状の第1の開口68B等種々変形できることは勿論である。
【0084】
なお、例えば第1の実施の形態では挿入部9における湾曲部19の先端部Yの断面形状が円22で、先端部20の先端面Xが楕円21で、先端部20の外表面の形状を円22から楕円21に滑らかに移行する曲面23に形成しているが、これに限定されるものでなく、先端部20の楕円等の扁平先端形状から先端部20の後端側或いは基端側の略円形の断面形状に滑らかに移行する曲面23を形成したものでも良い。この場合、略円形の断面形状部分は先端部20の後端の位置より若干前側である場合も含む。
なお、上述した実施の形態等を部分的等で組み合わせて構成される実施の形態等も本発明に属する。
【0085】
[付記]
1.体腔内に挿入する挿入部の先端に観察光学系等が形成された挿入部先端部と、前記挿入部先端部の後端に隣接して形成され、湾曲自在の湾曲部とを有する内視鏡において、
略円形の断面を有する湾曲部先端部に対し、挿入部先端部の先端面を略楕円形状に形成し、前記湾曲部先端部から前記挿入部先端部の先端面に至るまでの間に略円形から略楕円形状に移行するなめらかな先端部曲面を設けたことを特徴とする内視鏡。
【0086】
2.前記内視鏡は、体腔内に挿入する挿入部と、挿入部の先端部に体腔内を観察する観察窓部と、照明光が出射される照明窓部と、処置具を挿通する処置具チャンネルと、前記観察窓部を洗滌する洗滌ノズルとを有しており、
前記観察窓部と照明窓部の両方の有効領域を挿入部の挿入方向に垂直な先端平面に配置し、
前記処置具チャンネルと洗滌ノズルの両方の少なくとも一部を前記垂直な先端平面以外の面に配置したことを特徴とする付記1記載の内視鏡。
3.前記挿入方向に垂直な先端平面以外の面は曲面で形成されていることを特徴とする付記2記載の内視鏡。
【0087】
4.体腔内に挿入する挿入部と、体腔内の汚物等を吸引する吸引管路と、前記吸引管路を通じて吸引動作を操作する吸引切り替え弁と、前記吸引管路と連通し吸引タンクと接続する吸引口金とを有した内視鏡において、
前記挿入部の途中に設けた開口部と、前記吸引管路途中で前記吸引切り替え弁と前記吸引口金との間に設けた管路接続部材と、前記開口部に一端が連通し他端が前記管路接続部材と接続する流体管路とを設けたことを特徴とする内視鏡。
【0088】
5.前記開口部を複数設けたことを特徴とする付記5記載の内視鏡。
6.複数の開口部を挿入部の周方向または軸方向の別の位置に設けたことを特徴とする付記5記載の内視鏡。
7.前記流体管路途中に吸引圧調整弁を設けたことを特徴とする付記4記載の内視鏡。
【0089】
(付記4〜7の背景)
(付記4〜7に対する従来技術) 一般に、内視鏡には、体腔内に対する送気、送水、吸引等を行う管路系が組み込まれており、体腔内を検査する場合にはその体腔内を一定量、膨張させるための送気を行う。また、体腔内や観察窓を洗滌するための送気、送水、吸引も行われる。
【0090】
(付記4〜7に対する課題)
大腸内視鏡を使用する場合、直腸からS状結腸、下行結腸、脾湾曲部、横行結腸、上行結腸を経て盲腸付近またはそれ以上の奥まで曲がりくねったところに押し込むようにして挿入部を挿入しなければならない。この場合、挿入部先端部に設けた洗浄用ノズルから送気を行い、挿入部を誘導しようとする腸内部を膨らませて内視鏡による観察視野を確保しながら挿入部の先端を誘導する。
【0091】
しかしながら、挿入部の先端に設けた洗浄用ノズルから送気を行い、挿入部の先端部を誘導する場合、肛門は閉塞されているので、視野確保のために送気を続けると、腸内に空気が溜まり続け、腸内の圧力が高まる。すると腸は腸本来の形になろうとする傾向が強まる。この傾向が強まると、S状結腸及び下行結腸などを短縮化(直線化)させて挿入部を挿入することが困難になり、内視鏡の挿入性を損なう。
【0092】
そこで、このような場合には内視鏡に備わっている処置具チャンネルを通じて吸引するが、このチャンネルの先端は挿入部の先端に開口しているため、吸引した際、挿入部の先端付近の空気を優先的に吸引する。そのため内視鏡の観察視野を損なうことになり内視鏡の挿入性を阻害する。
【0093】
また、挿入部の先端の前方付近の空気を抜き過ぎ、その挿入部の先端付近直後の腸壁を収縮させてしまう。そして、挿入部先端直後の周壁に収縮した腸壁部位が密着し、それにより腸内を先端側と手元側に遮断し、吸引作用をかけても手元側に溜まった腸内空気はなかなか抜けない。
【0094】
以上のように腸内の過剰空気を除去できにくいため、腸内の圧力が高まり、腸が腸本来の形になろうとする傾向が維持され、腸を収縮させて挿入部の挿入することが困難になり、その挿入性を損なう。
さらに、腸内の過剰空気が残ると、腸の過伸展を招いてしまうという欠点があった。
【0095】
(付記4〜7の目的)
本発明の目的は前記課題に着目してなされたもので、その目的とするところは、挿入部の途中周辺に溜まった空気の除去を効率的に行うことができる内視鏡を提供することにある。
【0096】
(付記4〜7の手段及び作用)
挿入部の途中に設けた開口部と、この開口部に一端が連通する流体管路を吸引管路に接続することにより、挿入部の途中周辺に溜まった空気の除去を効率的に行うものである。
【0097】
(付記4〜7の効果)
内視鏡の挿入部の途中に開口部を設け、この開口部に一端が連通する流体管路を吸引管路に接続することにより、挿入部の途中に溜まった過剰な空気の除去を効率的に行うことができる。このため、大腸の過剰な伸展を防止して挿入部の挿入性を高め、また、患者の苦痛を低減することができる。
【0098】
8.体腔内に挿入する挿入部と、前記挿入部の途中に設けた開口部と、この開口部と連通する流体管路を備えた内視鏡において、
前記開口部を挿入部の周方向に開口させたことを特徴とする内視鏡。
9.前記開口部を操作部側へ傾斜させたことを特徴とする付記8記載の内視鏡。(付記8、9に対する背景)
(付記8、9に対する従来技術)付記4〜7の従来技術と同じ。
【0099】
(付記8、9に対する課題)
ここで腸壁は大変軟らかい粘膜である。そこで、流体管路の開口は挿入部表面に配置されているため、腸壁付近の空気を除去しようとするとすぐに流体管路の開口に粘膜が吸着されてしまい、空気が除去できなくなるといった問題があった。
【0100】
(付記8、9の目的)
本発明の目的は前記課題に着目してなされたもので、その目的とするところは、挿入部の途中周辺に溜まった空気の除去を確実にかつ安全に行うことができる内視鏡を提供することにある。
【0101】
(付記8、9の手段及び作用)
挿入部の途中に設けた開口部を挿入部周方向に開口させることにより、腸壁の粘膜吸着を防止し、挿入部の途中周辺に溜まった空気の除去を確実にかつ安全に行うものである。
【0102】
(付記8、9の効果)
挿入部の途中に設けた開口部を挿入部周方向に開口させることにより、挿入部の途中周辺に溜まった空気の除去を確実にかつ安全に行うことができ、大腸の過剰な伸展を防止して挿入部の挿入性を高める。
【0103】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、体腔内に挿入する挿入部の先端に観察光学系等が形成された挿入部先端部と、前記挿入部先端部の後端に隣接して形成され、湾曲自在の湾曲部とを有する内視鏡において、
略円形の断面を有する湾曲部先端部に対し、挿入部先端部の先端面を略楕円形状に形成し、前記湾曲部先端部から前記挿入部先端部の先端面に至るまでの間に略円形から略楕円形状に移行するなめらかな先端部曲面を設けているので、先端部の先端面を肛門を容易に通過させることができ、かつ先端部の後端側も円滑に肛門を通過させることができ、大腸内の深部側への挿入性の良い内視鏡を実現できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態を備えた電子内視鏡システムの全体構成図。
【図2】本発明の第1の実施の形態の電子内視鏡の挿入部の先端側の形状等を示す図。
【図3】本発明の第2の実施の形態の電子内視鏡の挿入部の先端側の形状等を示す図。
【図4】本発明の第3の実施の形態の電子内視鏡の挿入部の先端側の形状等を示す図。
【図5】本発明の第4の実施の形態の電子内視鏡の挿入部の先端側の形状等を示す図。
【図6】本発明の第5の実施の形態を備えた電子内視鏡システムの主要部の構成図。
【図7】大腸内に挿入する場合で第5の実施の形態の作用を説明する図。
【図8】本発明の第6の実施の形態における挿入部の構造等を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1…電子内視鏡システム
2…電子内視鏡
3…光源装置
4…ビデイオプロセッサ
5…カラーモニタ
9…挿入部
18…可撓管部
19…湾曲部
20…先端部
21…楕円
22…円
23…曲面
24…観察窓部
25…照明窓部
26…洗滌用ノズル
27…処置具チャンネル
X…(先端部)先端面
Y…(湾曲部)先端部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, endoscopes have been widely used in the medical field and the industrial field. For example, in the medical field, it is possible to observe a deep part in a body cavity without performing an incision or to perform a therapeutic treatment with a treatment tool as necessary.
[0003]
For this reason, the ease of insertion into a body cavity is desired because the pain given to the patient can be reduced. For example, as a conventional technique, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 64-36816 discloses a technique in which the tip section of the insertion portion is substantially circular.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to improve the insertability of the endoscope, a substantially spherical convex curved surface projects from the distal end surface of the distal end portion of the insertion portion toward the insertion direction of the insertion portion. That is, the cross section of the tip perpendicular to the insertion direction is formed in a circle.
[0005]
Here, when endoscopy of the large intestine is performed, the patient turns sideways with the left side down. In other words, the anus is sandwiched between the buttocks and is not a circular shape but a shape like a flat ellipse or a flat shape.
[0006]
As described above, despite the fact that the anus has a flat shape, the endoscope of the prior art has a poorly insertable shape to the anus because the tip section has a substantially circular shape.
[0007]
(Object of invention)
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope that passes through the anus and has excellent insertability into the deep part of the large intestine.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The distal end surface of the distal end portion of the insertion portion is formed into a substantially elliptic shape, the distal end portion of the bending portion is formed into a circular shape, and the distal end portion shape is made into a smooth curved surface that transitions from a substantially elliptic shape to a circular shape from the distal end surface of the insertion portion to the distal end portion of the bending portion By this, it becomes a shape similar to the opening shape of the anus which becomes the insertion port of the intestine inspection at the distal end portion of the insertion portion, and the insertion property to the deep side in the large intestine through the anus can be improved.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
1 and 2 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an electronic endoscope system including the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment. The structure of the front end side of the insertion part of this electronic endoscope is shown.
[0010]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an entire (electronic endoscope system (video endoscope system) 1) including an electronic endoscope (video endoscope) according to the first embodiment. This embodiment is not limited to an electronic endoscope, but can also be applied to a fiber endoscope (fiber scope) in which an image guide is formed by a fiber bundle.
[0011]
An electronic endoscope system 1 shown in FIG. 1 performs an electronic endoscope 2 incorporating an imaging unit, a light source device 3 that supplies illumination light to a light guide of the electronic endoscope 2, and signal processing for the imaging unit. A video processor 4, a color monitor 5 for displaying a video signal output from the video processor 4, a VTR deck 6 and a video disk 7 for recording the video signal, and a corresponding endoscopic image from the video signal are printed. And a video printer 8.
[0012]
The electronic endoscope 2 is provided with an elongated insertion portion 9 to be inserted into a patient's body, and a hand side operation portion 10 connected to a proximal end portion of the insertion portion 9.
In addition, one end portion of the universal cord 11 is connected to the operation portion 10 on the hand side, and a connector portion 12 is connected to the other end portion of the universal cord 11.
[0013]
Further, one end portion of the signal cable 13 is connected to the connector portion 12, and the second connector portion 14 is connected to the other end portion of the signal cable 13. The connector portion 12 of the universal cord 11 is detachably connected to the source device 3 that generates the illumination light, and the second connector portion 14 of the signal cable 13 is detachably connected to the video processor 4 that generates the video signal.
[0014]
The illumination light emitted from the light source lamp 15 in the light source device 3 enters the incident end face of the light guide 17 of the electronic endoscope 2 through the condenser lens 16. Further, the illumination light transmitted through the light guide 17 is irradiated to the outside from the distal end side of the insertion portion 9.
[0015]
The second connector portion 14 of the signal cable 13 is detachably connected to the video processor 4. A monitor 5, a VTR deck 6, a video disk 7, and a video printer 8 are connected to the video processor 4, respectively.
[0016]
An endoscopic image picked up by the electronic endoscope 2 is converted into an electric signal by an image pickup device such as a charge coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) (not shown), and then via a signal line in the electronic endoscope 2. Input to the video processor 4, signal processing is performed in the video processor 4, an endoscopic image is displayed on the color monitor 5, and is output to the VTR deck 6, video disk 7, and video printer 8 as necessary. It has become.
[0017]
Further, the insertion portion 9 of the electronic endoscope 2 is provided with a long and flexible flexible tube portion 18 whose base end portion is connected to the proximal side operation portion 10. A rigid distal end portion 20 provided with an observation optical system or the like is connected to the distal end side of the flexible tube portion 18 via a bendable bending portion 19. Then, by operating a bending operation means (not shown) of the operation unit 10 on the hand side, the bending unit 19 can be remotely controlled to be bent and inserted along the bent body cavity, or the distal end 20 of the insertion unit 9 is inserted. The observation optical system provided in the observation optical system can be directed in a desired direction.
[0018]
In the present embodiment, the distal end side of the insertion portion 9 of the electronic endoscope 2 has an outer shape as shown in FIG. 2, and an endoscope for large intestine inspection that is easy to insert from the anus when performing a large intestine inspection is realized. is doing.
[0019]
2A is a perspective view of the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9, FIG. 2B is a front view of the distal end portion 20 viewed from the distal end side, and FIG. 2C is a front view of FIG. 2B. 2B is a right side view of the drawing viewed from the right side, and FIG. 2D is a lower side view of the front view of FIG. 2B viewed from below.
[0020]
The distal end surface X of the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9 is formed in a flat ellipse 21 shape as shown in FIG. Thus, when the front end surface X of the front end portion 20 is an ellipse 21 and the inside of the large intestine is inspected, a shape that can be smoothly inserted by resembling the shape of the anal opening serving as an insertion port. I have to.
[0021]
Further, the outer shape of the boundary portion between the distal end Y of the bending portion 19 or the rear end of the distal end portion 20 and the distal end of the bending portion 19 (or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 9) is formed in a circle 22. ing.
[0022]
A smooth curved surface 23 is formed on the outer surface of the distal end portion 20 so that the ellipse 21 smoothly transitions to the circle 22 from the distal end surface X to the curved portion distal end portion Y. In this case, the diameter of the circle 22 is almost the same size as being slightly larger than the major axis of the ellipse 21 of the tip surface X, but the minor axis of the ellipse 21 is considerably smaller than the diameter of the circle 22, so The outer surface is a smooth curved surface 23 having a particularly small radius of curvature.
In the present embodiment, the center of the tip surface X is provided so as to coincide with the center axis of the circle 22.
[0023]
The distal end surface X is provided with an illumination window portion 25 for emitting illumination light and an observation window portion 24 for observation for observing the affected affected area. More specifically, two illumination window portions 25 are arranged at two positions separated from each other along the long axis of the ellipse 21, and an observation window portion 24 is arranged near the center of these two illumination window portions 25. .
[0024]
The observation window unit 24 and the illumination window unit 25 are respectively provided with an observation lens system and an illumination lens system (not shown), and each lens system includes a plurality of lenses.
[0025]
Furthermore, a plurality of structural units such as a washing nozzle 26 and a treatment instrument channel 27 are disposed in close contact with the distal end surface X in an appropriate manner together with the observation window portion 24 and the illumination window portion 25.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 2 (A) or FIG. 2 (B), the washing nozzle 26 and the treatment instrument channel 27 are provided so that a part thereof is on the curved surface 23.
Here, the proximal end portion of the treatment instrument channel 27 communicates with the treatment portion insertion port body 28 provided in the operation portion 10 on the proximal side of the electronic endoscope 2 shown in FIG.
[0027]
In the present embodiment, the distal end surface X of the insertion portion distal end portion 20 is formed in a substantially elliptical shape with respect to the bending portion distal end portion Y having a substantially circular cross section, and the insertion portion distal end portion 20 extends from the bending portion distal end portion Y. A characteristic feature is that a smooth curved surface 23 that transitions from a substantially circular shape to a substantially elliptical shape is provided up to the tip end surface X.
[0028]
In other words, the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9 is shaped to be similar to the noncircular opening shape serving as the insertion opening in the body cavity, and the distal end shape of the distal end portion 20 is changed to the rear end of the distal end portion 20. It is characterized in that a curved surface that smoothly transitions or connects the outer surface of the tip 20 is formed so that the side cross section is circular.
[0029]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
When the front view of FIG. 2B is viewed from the right side, as shown in FIG. 2C, a curved surface having a large rounding radius is formed at the tip portion 20. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2D of the lower side view, the lower side surface has a shape in which the cylinder is viewed from the side surface. That is, the cross section of the distal end portion 20 has an elliptical shape (flat shape), a shape similar to the opening shape of the patient's anus at the time of colonoscopy, and a size that can be inserted, and the distal end surface has a circular cross section. The shape is easy to insert.
[0030]
For this reason, according to the present embodiment, when performing a colon examination, it is easy to push the elliptical shape of the distal end surface X of the distal end portion 20 of the electronic endoscope 2 to match the elliptical opening of the anus. Can be inserted into.
[0031]
Further, since the distal end portion 20 is provided with a smooth curved surface 23 from the distal end surface X to the curved portion distal end portion Y at the rear end thereof, the rear end side of the distal end portion 20 can also smoothly pass through the anus, and the pain given to the patient. The insertion portion 9 can be inserted into the deep side of the large intestine and the deep side of the large intestine can be inspected.
[0032]
Therefore, this embodiment has the following effects.
By forming the distal end surface X of the insertion portion 9 in the shape of an ellipse 21, the distal end surface has a shape closer to the shape of the patient's anus during colonoscopy, so that the passage to the anus is good. Further, since the distal end portion 20 is formed in a smooth curved surface from an ellipse to a circle, the rear end side and the like of the distal end portion 20 can smoothly pass through the anus, and when examining the deep side in the large intestine, the patient Can reduce pain and improve insertability.
[0033]
Further, since the insertion portion 9 can be smoothly inserted, the burden on the operator can be reduced and the colon examination can be completed in a short time.
[0034]
The bending portion 19 is preferably substantially circular so that it can be bent to a desired position. If the bending portion 19 is flat, the bending shape is different from the bending portion of the conventional endoscope, and there are drawbacks such that the amount of bending force becomes heavy and the manufacturing of the bending tube becomes troublesome.
[0035]
(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Here, FIG. 3A is a front view of the distal end portion 20 viewed from the distal end side, and FIG. 3B is a right side view of the front view of FIG. 3A viewed from the right side.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 3A, the distal end surface X of the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9 is formed in a flat ellipse 29 shape as in the first embodiment. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the distal end portion Y of the bending portion 19 is formed in a circle 30. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, a smooth curved surface 31 is formed so that the ellipse 29 transitions to a circle 30 from the distal end portion distal end surface X to the curved portion distal end portion Y as in the first embodiment. ing.
[0037]
In the present embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the center axis O 1 of the ellipse 29 is arranged at an eccentric position that is eccentric from the center axis O of the tip 20. Two illumination window portions 25 are arranged along the long axis direction of the ellipse 21, and the observation window portion 24 is arranged at a position decentered in the short axis direction near the center of the two illumination window portions 25.
Other constituent elements not described here are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
[0038]
The action of the present embodiment can be smoothly inserted into the anus when performing a colon examination as in the first embodiment. Further, according to the present embodiment, the observation window portion 24 is eccentric from the central axis O of the distal end portion 20, which is suitable for, for example, magnifying and observing the wall surface of the large intestine.
[0039]
That is, when the side on which the observation window portion 24 is provided is brought close to the wall surface, it is possible to perform close-up observation near the wall surface. On the other hand, in the case of the first embodiment, the observation window portion 24 is disposed substantially near the center, which is suitable for observing the entire wall surface.
[0040]
The effect of this embodiment is as follows.
In addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the endoscope insertion portion 9 and the distal end portion 20 have an observation window portion 24, an illumination window portion 25, a cleaning nozzle 26, a treatment instrument in order to make the outer diameter dimension as thin as possible. The components such as the channel 27 are appropriately arranged in close contact with each other as close as possible.
[0041]
Therefore, by decentering the center axis O1 of the ellipse 29 from the center axis O of the tip portion 20, the layout of each component of the tip portion 20 can be freely determined, and the outer diameter of the tip portion 20 is reduced. can do.
[0042]
Moreover, it becomes easy to arrange the observation window portion 24 at a more eccentric position, and near-point observation and the like can be facilitated.
[0043]
(Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. 4A is a perspective view of the tip, FIG. 4B is a front view of the tip 20 viewed from the tip, and FIG. 4C is a right side of the front view of FIG. 4B. 4D is a lower side view of the front view of FIG. 4B viewed from below.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 4B, the distal end surface X of the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9 is a combination of a circle portion 32 having a radius R1, a circle portion 33 having a radius R2, and a circle portion 34 having a radius R3. It is formed in a substantially oval shape.
[0045]
Further, the cross-sectional shape of the distal end portion Y of the bending portion 19 is formed in a circle 35 shape. As in the first embodiment, a smooth curved surface 36 is formed so that a substantially ellipse transitions to a circle 35 from the distal end portion distal end surface X to the curved portion distal end portion Y.
[0046]
Other constituent elements not described here are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0047]
Next, the operation will be described.
As in the first embodiment, when the front view of FIG. 4B is viewed from the right side, a curved surface having a large round radius is formed at the tip 20 as shown in FIG. 4C. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4D of the lower side view, the lower side surface has a shape in which the cylinder is viewed from the side surface. That is, the cross-section of the distal end portion 20 is substantially elliptical, and is substantially the same shape as the shape of the patient's anus (ellipse) at the time of colonoscopy.
[0048]
The effect of this embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0049]
(Fourth embodiment)
The fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, an endoscope having excellent insertability is realized by providing a curved surface having a large roundness in a wide range of the distal end portion 20. Further, the same optical system as that of a conventional endoscope is used so that the optical performance is not impaired.
[0050]
FIG. 5A shows a front view of the distal end portion 20 viewed from the distal end side, and shows a right side view of the front view of FIG. 5B viewed from the right side.
The distal end flat surface 37 of the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9 is a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the insertion portion 9. An observation window portion 24 and an illumination window portion 25 are disposed on the vertical front end plane 37.
[0051]
The tip flat surface 37 on which the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25 are arranged is a flat shape, and a curved surface 38 is formed over a wide range other than the tip flat surface 37.
[0052]
Specifically, the surface on which the treatment instrument channel 27 and the cleaning nozzle 26 are disposed is formed as a curved surface 38. If the optically effective area of the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25 is on the distal end plane 37, a part of the ineffective area of the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25 may be arranged on the curved surface 38. .
[0053]
The cross section of the tip Y of the curved portion 19 is a circle 39. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The operation of the present embodiment is as follows.
[0054]
By providing the opening of the treatment instrument channel 27 and the cleaning nozzle 26 on the distal end curved surface 38, the distal end portion flat surface becomes flat and extends over a wide range of the distal end portion 20 (the satin portion in FIG. 5A), and has a large radius. A rounded curved surface 38 can be provided.
[0055]
Therefore, this embodiment has the following effects.
A rounded curved surface with a large radius can be provided over a wide range of the distal end portion 20, and the insertion property of the endoscope can be improved.
[0056]
In addition, since the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25 are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the tip insertion direction, the observation and illumination lenses can use axially symmetric lenses, and the same optical system as in the past can be used. Can be used. Furthermore, the image distortion and light distribution are not deteriorated, and the same optical performance as that of a conventional endoscope can be obtained.
[0057]
In order to make the tip more round, it is conceivable to arrange the illumination window 25 behind the observation window 24. However, the illumination light is blocked by the step between the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25. This is not preferable.
[0058]
Furthermore, since the observation window 24 and the illumination window 25 can be arranged in parallel to the insertion direction, the outer diameter of the distal end of the insertion section does not increase.
Here, even if the opening of the treatment instrument channel 27 and the cleaning nozzle 26 are provided on the curved surface, there is no problem in using the endoscope, and therefore it is possible to provide the curved surface 38 having a large curvature.
[0059]
Here, in FIG. 5A, a part of the opening of the treatment instrument channel 27 is opened in the vertical tip plane 37, but it may be opened in the curved surface 38.
[0060]
(Fifth embodiment)
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 shows a main part of the endoscope system 41 provided with the present embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of its operation.
An endoscope system 41 shown in FIG. 6 includes an electronic endoscope 2, a suction tank 42, and a suction pump 43. A treatment instrument channel 27 is disposed in the insertion portion 9, and the proximal end side of the treatment instrument channel 27 is connected to the treatment instrument insertion port body 28.
[0061]
Further, the distal end side of the treatment instrument channel 27 is opened at the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9. Further, a suction conduit 44 is disposed in the operation unit 10 of the endoscope 2 and the universal cord 11 over both of them.
[0062]
The suction pipe 44 is connected to a suction base 45 provided in the connector portion 12 through the universal cord 11, and the suction tank 42 and the suction pump 43 are connected to the suction base 45 through a tube.
[0063]
The other end of the suction conduit 44 is connected to the proximal end side of the treatment instrument channel 27, and the distal end portion of the treatment instrument channel 27 is also used as the distal end portion of the suction conduit 44. Further, a suction switching valve 46 is inserted in the middle of the suction conduit 44 in the electronic endoscope 2, and the suction switching valve 46 is operated to perform a suction operation or a suction stop. ing.
[0064]
For example, the flexible tube portion 18 of the insertion portion 9 is formed with an opening portion 47 that opens to the outside. One end of a connection pipe 48 bent in an L shape is connected to the opening 47.
[0065]
The other end of the connection pipe 48 is connected to the tip of a flexible deaeration tube 49 that forms a fluid conduit. Further, a T-shaped connection pipe 50 is connected as a pipe connection member in the middle of the suction base 45 and the suction switching valve 46 of the suction pipe 44, and the proximal side of the deaeration tube 49 is operated from the insertion portion 9. Each part 10 is connected to a T-shaped connection pipe 50 through the inside.
[0066]
In the region of the operation unit 10, an adjusting valve 51 is provided in the middle of the deaeration tube 49 to adjust the opening / closing of the fluid line and the suction pressure of the flow path system. The adjustment valve 51 may be provided anywhere on the deaeration tube 49. However, if the adjustment valve 51 is provided in the operation unit 10, the operator can easily operate the adjustment valve 51 and the valve operation is simple.
[0067]
The configuration of the tip 20 is the same as that of the first embodiment, for example.
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
Next, with reference to FIG. 7, the operation of the present embodiment will be described with a procedure for inserting the electronic endoscope 2 into the large intestine 61. FIG. FIG. 7A shows the original shape of the intestine, and the insertion portion 9 of the electronic endoscope 2 is inserted along the rectum 62, the sigmoid colon 63, the descending colon 64, and the splenic curved portion 65 of the large intestine 61. .
[0068]
When inserting into the anus 67 during this insertion process, the tip of the tip 20 is made into an elliptical shape similar to the shape of the opening of the anus as described above, so that the insertion is easy and painful to the patient. And can be inserted smoothly.
[0069]
During insertion, air is fed from a washing nozzle (not shown in FIG. 6) provided at the distal end portion 20 of the insertion portion 9, and the inside of the intestine where the insertion portion 9 is to be guided is inflated and observed by the electronic endoscope 2 The distal end of the insertion portion 9 is guided from the splenic curved portion 65 to the transverse colon 66 while securing a visual field.
[0070]
Since the anus 67 is closed during this insertion process, if air supply for ensuring the visual field is continued, air accumulates in the intestine and the pressure in the intestine increases. If the pressure in the intestine becomes excessive, the large intestine 61 tends to return to the original shape of the intestine shown in FIG.
[0071]
Here, the suction pump 42 is always in operation at the time of inspection, and when the suction switching valve 46 is in the suction stop position, the outside air is sucked through the gap between the suction pipe 44 and the suction switching valve 46, and suction Air is sucked through the deaeration tube 49 and the opening 47 branched from the conduit 44.
[0072]
When the suction switching valve 46 is in the suction position, dirt and air are sucked from the distal end opening of the treatment instrument channel 27, and the deaeration tube 49 and the opening branched from the suction conduit 44 are opened. Air is sucked through 47. That is, the deaeration tube 49 and the opening 47 are always in the suction state by the suction pump 43.
[0073]
The present embodiment has the following effects.
For the purpose of smoothly inserting and observing a large intestine endoscope, in order to clean the inside of a large intestine of a patient, a large amount of liquid is ingested as a pre-examination treatment and defecation is performed. Here, all of this liquid remains in the large intestine without defecation.
[0074]
Excess air is forcibly removed by the suction pump 43 from the opening 47 in the middle of the insertion portion 9 through the deaeration tube 49 and the suction conduit 44. Further, even if the liquid remaining in the intestine enters the deaeration tube 49, it is forcibly removed by the suction pump 43, so that air can be efficiently removed thereafter.
[0075]
Then, excessive pressure in the intestine is lowered to prevent extension of the intestinal portion closer to the proximal end than the vicinity of the distal end of the insertion portion 9, and in particular, as shown in FIG. 63, the intestinal wall spanning the descending colon 64 and the splenic curve 65 is easily contracted, so that the insertion property of the insertion portion 9 is not impaired and the observation visual field by the electronic endoscope 2 can be secured. In addition, the patient's pain can be reduced by preventing overextension of the intestines.
[0076]
Further, in the process of inserting the insertion part 9 of the electronic endoscope 2 into the large intestine 61, the inside of the intestine where the insertion part 9 is to be guided is inflated by supplying air from the cleaning nozzle, and the observation field of view by the electronic endoscope 2 is increased. However, depending on the situation in the intestine, deaeration from the opening 47 may occur immediately, resulting in excessive deaeration and failing to secure a visual field.
In this case, the adjustment valve 51 is closed to block the deaeration, or the opening amount thereof is reduced, and the deaeration amount is adjusted to the extent that the visual field can be secured in the intestine, thereby ensuring the visual field. The other effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0077]
In the present embodiment, the number of the openings 47 is one, but a plurality of openings 47 may be provided around the insertion portion 9 at intervals. These openings 47 may be connected to a common deaeration tube 49 or individual deaeration tubes 49 via a connection pipe 50.
[0078]
(Sixth embodiment)
A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8A shows an external view of the endoscope insertion portion 9, and the insertion portion 9 is formed with a first opening 68 that opens in the circumferential direction of the insertion portion 9. An enlarged cross-sectional view of the opening 68 is shown in FIG.
[0079]
A second opening 69 is formed at the bottom of the first opening 68, and one end of an L-shaped bent connection pipe 48 is connected to the opening 69. Other configurations are the same as those of the fifth embodiment, for example.
[0080]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
Excess air is forcibly removed through the first opening 68 and the second opening 69 in the middle of the insertion portion. In addition, since the second opening 69 is at the bottom of the first opening 68, the mucous membrane of the intestinal wall is not adsorbed by the second opening 69 due to the recess of the first opening 68.
[0081]
Furthermore, even if a part of the first opening 68 is blocked from the intestinal wall, the first opening 68 is formed on the entire circumference of the insertion portion 9, so that excess air can always be removed.
This embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the first embodiment.
[0082]
Since the mucous membrane of the intestinal wall is not adsorbed and the opening is formed around the entire circumference of the insertion portion 9, excess air can always be removed. There is also no possibility of damaging the intestinal wall.
[0083]
In the sixth embodiment, the shape of the first opening 68 is concave. However, as shown in FIGS. 8C and 8D, it is within the scope of the present invention. Needless to say, the first opening 68A having a triangular shape or the first opening 68B having a semicircular shape can be variously modified.
[0084]
For example, in the first embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the distal end portion Y of the bending portion 19 in the insertion portion 9 is a circle 22, the distal end surface X of the distal end portion 20 is an ellipse 21, and the outer surface shape of the distal end portion 20 is the same. The curved surface 23 that smoothly transitions from the circle 22 to the ellipse 21 is formed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the rear end side or the proximal end side of the distal end portion 20 from a flat distal end shape such as an ellipse of the distal end portion 20 is not limited thereto. The curved surface 23 that smoothly transitions to the substantially circular cross-sectional shape may be formed. In this case, the substantially circular cross-sectional shape portion includes a case slightly ahead of the position of the rear end of the tip portion 20.
Note that embodiments and the like configured by partially combining the above-described embodiments and the like also belong to the present invention.
[0085]
[Appendix]
1. An endoscope having an insertion portion distal end portion in which an observation optical system or the like is formed at the distal end of an insertion portion to be inserted into a body cavity, and a bendable bending portion formed adjacent to the rear end of the insertion portion distal end portion In
The distal end surface of the insertion portion distal portion is formed in a substantially elliptical shape with respect to the distal end portion of the bending portion having a substantially circular cross section, and is substantially circular from the bending portion distal end portion to the distal end surface of the insertion portion distal end portion. An endoscope having a smooth tip curved surface that transitions from a substantially elliptical shape to a substantially elliptical shape.
[0086]
2. The endoscope includes an insertion portion to be inserted into a body cavity, an observation window portion for observing the inside of the body cavity at a distal end portion of the insertion portion, an illumination window portion from which illumination light is emitted, and a treatment instrument channel through which a treatment instrument is inserted. And a cleaning nozzle for cleaning the observation window portion,
The effective area of both the observation window part and the illumination window part is arranged on the tip plane perpendicular to the insertion direction of the insertion part,
The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of both the treatment instrument channel and the cleaning nozzle are arranged on a surface other than the vertical tip plane.
3. The endoscope according to appendix 2, wherein surfaces other than the distal end plane perpendicular to the insertion direction are formed as curved surfaces.
[0087]
4). An insertion portion that is inserted into a body cavity, a suction conduit that sucks dirt and the like in the body cavity, a suction switching valve that operates a suction operation through the suction conduit, and a suction that communicates with the suction conduit and is connected to a suction tank In an endoscope having a base,
An opening provided in the middle of the insertion portion, a pipe connecting member provided between the suction switching valve and the suction base in the middle of the suction pipe, one end communicating with the opening, and the other end An endoscope comprising a fluid conduit connected to a conduit connecting member.
[0088]
5. The endoscope according to appendix 5, wherein a plurality of the openings are provided.
6). The endoscope according to appendix 5, wherein a plurality of openings are provided at different positions in the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the insertion portion.
7). The endoscope according to appendix 4, wherein a suction pressure adjusting valve is provided in the middle of the fluid conduit.
[0089]
(Background of Appendix 4-7)
(Prior Art to Appendices 4-7) Generally, an endoscope has a built-in conduit system for supplying air, supplying water, and sucking into the body cavity. When examining the body cavity, A certain amount of air is supplied to inflate. In addition, air supply, water supply, and suction for cleaning the body cavity and the observation window are also performed.
[0090]
(Problems for Addendums 4-7)
When using a colonoscope, insert the insertion part by pushing it from the rectum through the sigmoid colon, descending colon, splenic curve, transverse colon, ascending colon, and into the tortuous area to the vicinity of the cecum or beyond. There must be. In this case, air is supplied from a cleaning nozzle provided at the distal end portion of the insertion portion, and the distal end of the insertion portion is guided while inflating the inside of the intestine where the insertion portion is to be guided to ensure an observation field of view by an endoscope.
[0091]
However, when air is supplied from the cleaning nozzle provided at the distal end of the insertion portion and the distal end portion of the insertion portion is guided, the anus is blocked. Air continues to accumulate and pressure in the intestines increases. Then, the tendency for the intestine to become the intestinal original shape becomes strong. If this tendency becomes stronger, it becomes difficult to shorten (straighten) the sigmoid colon, descending colon, etc., and insert the insertion portion, thereby impairing the insertability of the endoscope.
[0092]
Therefore, in such a case, suction is performed through the treatment instrument channel provided in the endoscope. Since the distal end of this channel opens at the distal end of the insertion portion, air near the distal end of the insertion portion is sucked when sucked. Aspirate preferentially. As a result, the viewing field of the endoscope is impaired and the insertion property of the endoscope is hindered.
[0093]
Further, air in the vicinity of the front of the distal end of the insertion portion is excessively drawn, and the intestinal wall immediately after the vicinity of the distal end of the insertion portion is contracted. And the contracted intestinal wall part is in close contact with the peripheral wall immediately after the distal end of the insertion section, thereby blocking the intestine at the distal end side and the proximal side, and the intestinal air accumulated on the proximal side does not readily escape even when a suction action is applied. .
[0094]
As mentioned above, it is difficult to remove excess air in the intestine, so the pressure in the intestine is increased, the tendency of the intestine to become the original shape of the intestine is maintained, and it is difficult to insert the insertion part by contracting the intestine And the insertability is impaired.
In addition, if excess air in the intestine remains, there has been a drawback in that intestinal overextension is caused.
[0095]
(Purpose of Supplementary Notes 4-7)
An object of the present invention is made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problem, and the object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope capable of efficiently removing air accumulated around the insertion portion. is there.
[0096]
(Means and functions of appendices 4 to 7)
By connecting an opening provided in the middle of the insertion section and a fluid conduit having one end communicating with the opening to the suction pipe, the air accumulated around the insertion section can be efficiently removed. is there.
[0097]
(Effects of Supplementary Notes 4-7)
An opening is provided in the middle of the insertion section of the endoscope, and a fluid conduit that communicates with one end of the opening is connected to the suction conduit, thereby efficiently removing excess air accumulated in the middle of the insertion section. Can be done. For this reason, excessive extension of the large intestine can be prevented, the insertion property of the insertion portion can be improved, and the patient's pain can be reduced.
[0098]
8). In an endoscope provided with an insertion portion to be inserted into a body cavity, an opening provided in the middle of the insertion portion, and a fluid conduit communicating with the opening,
An endoscope characterized in that the opening is opened in the circumferential direction of the insertion portion.
9. The endoscope according to appendix 8, wherein the opening is inclined toward the operation unit. (Background to Appendix 8 and 9)
(Prior Art to Appendixes 8 and 9) Same as the prior arts of Appendixes 4-7.
[0099]
(Issues for Appendix 8 and 9)
Here, the intestinal wall is a very soft mucous membrane. Therefore, since the opening of the fluid conduit is arranged on the surface of the insertion portion, the problem that the mucous membrane is adsorbed to the opening of the fluid conduit as soon as the air near the intestinal wall is removed and the air cannot be removed. was there.
[0100]
(Purpose of Supplementary Notes 8 and 9)
An object of the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope that can reliably and safely remove air accumulated around the insertion portion. There is.
[0101]
(Means and functions of appendices 8 and 9)
By opening an opening provided in the middle of the insertion portion in the circumferential direction of the insertion portion, mucosal adsorption of the intestinal wall is prevented, and removal of air accumulated around the insertion portion is reliably and safely performed. .
[0102]
(Effects of Supplementary Notes 8 and 9)
By opening the opening provided in the middle of the insertion part in the circumferential direction of the insertion part, it is possible to reliably and safely remove air accumulated around the middle of the insertion part, and prevent excessive extension of the large intestine. To improve the insertability of the insertion part.
[0103]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the insertion portion tip portion in which an observation optical system or the like is formed at the tip portion of the insertion portion to be inserted into the body cavity, and the rear end portion of the insertion portion tip portion are formed, In an endoscope having a bendable bending portion,
The distal end surface of the insertion portion distal portion is formed in a substantially elliptical shape with respect to the distal end portion of the bending portion having a substantially circular cross section, and is substantially circular between the bending portion distal end portion and the distal end surface of the insertion portion distal end portion. A smooth tip curved surface that transitions from an elliptical shape to a substantially elliptical shape is provided, so that the tip of the tip can be easily passed through the anus, and the rear end of the tip can be smoothly passed through the anus In addition, it is possible to realize an endoscope having a good insertion property to the deep side in the large intestine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an electronic endoscope system including a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the shape and the like of the distal end side of the insertion portion of the electronic endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shape and the like of the distal end side of an insertion portion of an electronic endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the shape and the like of the distal end side of an insertion portion of an electronic endoscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing the shape and the like of the distal end side of an insertion portion of an electronic endoscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a main part of an electronic endoscope system including a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the fifth embodiment when it is inserted into the large intestine.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of an insertion portion in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Electronic endoscope system
2 ... Electronic endoscope
3. Light source device
4 ... Video processor
5. Color monitor
9 ... Insertion section
18 ... Flexible tube
19: Curved part
20 ... tip
21 ... Ellipse
22 ... yen
23 ... curved surface
24 ... Observation window
25 ... Lighting window
26 ... Nozzle for washing
27. Treatment instrument channel
X ... (tip) tip surface
Y ... (curved part) tip part

Claims (1)

体腔内に挿入する挿入部の先端に観察光学系等が形成された挿入部先端部と、前記挿入部先端部の後端に隣接して形成され、湾曲自在の湾曲部とを有する内視鏡において、
略円形の断面を有する湾曲部先端部に対し、挿入部先端部の先端面を略楕円形状に形成し、前記湾曲部先端部から前記挿入部先端部の先端面に至るまでの間に略円形から略楕円形状に移行するなめらかな先端部曲面を設けたことを特徴とする内視鏡。
An endoscope having an insertion portion distal end portion in which an observation optical system or the like is formed at the distal end of an insertion portion to be inserted into a body cavity, and a bendable bending portion formed adjacent to the rear end of the insertion portion distal end portion In
The distal end surface of the insertion portion distal portion is formed in a substantially elliptical shape with respect to the distal end portion of the bending portion having a substantially circular cross section, and is substantially circular from the bending portion distal end portion to the distal end surface of the insertion portion distal end portion. An endoscope having a smooth tip curved surface that transitions from a substantially elliptical shape to a substantially elliptical shape.
JP12260297A 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 Endoscope Expired - Fee Related JP3748981B2 (en)

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JP3748981B2 true JP3748981B2 (en) 2006-02-22

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JP3854946B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2006-12-06 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope
WO2009021030A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. Distal tip for an endoscope
KR101489989B1 (en) 2008-07-30 2015-02-04 지.아이. 뷰 리미티드 System and method for enhanced maneuverability
DE102009013312A1 (en) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Richard Wolf Gmbh Ureterorenoscope
JP5368380B2 (en) * 2010-06-11 2013-12-18 富士フイルム株式会社 Endoscope
ES2980215T3 (en) * 2019-07-19 2024-09-30 Hoya Corp Wide field of view objective lens

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