JP3636010B2 - Charging method for sealed lead-acid batteries - Google Patents
Charging method for sealed lead-acid batteries Download PDFInfo
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- JP3636010B2 JP3636010B2 JP33441399A JP33441399A JP3636010B2 JP 3636010 B2 JP3636010 B2 JP 3636010B2 JP 33441399 A JP33441399 A JP 33441399A JP 33441399 A JP33441399 A JP 33441399A JP 3636010 B2 JP3636010 B2 JP 3636010B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、サイクル用途に用いられる密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電方式に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
無人搬送車などのサイクル用途に用いられる電池として、安価な液式の鉛蓄電池を用いるのが一般的であったが、最近は密閉形鉛蓄電池が使用され始めている。この方式の鉛蓄電池は従来の液式の鉛蓄電池とは異なり、水の電気分解によって充電時に正極で発生する酸素ガスを、負極で水に還元するものである。
【０００３】
図３は、一般的なバッテリー式ゴルフカートのブロック図である。ゴルフカート6は、リレー5を切り替えて密閉形鉛蓄電池1を電源として運転する。密閉形鉛蓄電池1から乗用ゴルフカート6に流れた電流は、固定抵抗を用いた電流検出器3を通過することにより電圧に変換されて、コントローラ9に出力する。コントローラ9では、この電圧値を回路に流れている電流値として認識し、該電流値と通電時間とを乗算することによって密閉形鉛蓄電池1の放電電気量を算出して記憶する。
【０００４】
次に、リレー5を切り替えて密閉形鉛蓄電池1を充電する場合を示す。すなわち、商用電源10からの交流は、充電器8を用いて直流に変換され、密閉形鉛蓄電池1を充電する。そして、密閉形鉛蓄電池1の充電電流は、固定抵抗を用いた電流検出器3を通ることにより電圧値に変換され、コントローラ9に出力する。コントローラ9では、この電圧値を密閉形鉛蓄電池1の充電電流値として認識し、通電時間と乗算して、密閉形鉛蓄電池1の充電電気量を算出して記憶する。ブレーカ11は短絡などによって過大な電流が流れた場合に回路の通電を遮断するものである。なお、サイクルサービス用の密閉形鉛蓄電池は、一般に放電電気量に、係数として1.1〜1.2を乗じた電気量を充電した場合に、最もサイクル寿命が長くなることが知られている。
【０００５】
しかしながら、密閉形鉛蓄電池を用いた場合においても、過充電をした場合には、正極で発生する酸素ガスを完全には水に還元できないために、次第に電解液中の水分量が減少する。その結果、電解液中の硫酸濃度が高くなり、電池のサイクル寿命を短くするという問題点がある。
【０００６】
特開平８―２２８４４号公報では、充電電気量を減らすことによって、電解液中の水分量の減少を抑制して、サイクル寿命を向上させる手法が提案されている。しかしながらこの方法では、充電電気量が不足するため、負極が劣化しやすいという問題点がある。すなわち、充電電気量が不足すると負極活物質が粗大化し、充放電反応が起こりににくくなり、その結果、電池のサイクル寿命が短くなるという問題点がある。
【０００７】
一方、従来の充電方式では、密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電に時間がかかるという問題点も指摘されている。そして、短時間で充電をするには充電時の電流値を増加させる必要がある。しかしながら、充電時の電流値を増加させると正極板の分極が大になるため、正極で多量の酸素ガスが発生し、その酸素ガスを負極により充分に還元できなくなるという問題点がある。なお、正極で発生する酸素ガスは、充電末期や過充電時に発生しやすいことも知られている。そして、前記したように大電流で充電した場合には、発生する酸素ガスによって密閉形鉛蓄電池の内部圧力が上昇し、安全弁を通して酸素ガスが外部に放出され、その結果、電解液中の水分量が減少して、極めて短期間に寿命に至ることが知られている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、密閉形鉛蓄電池を短時間で充電できるとともに、サイクル寿命を向上させる充電方式を提供することを目的としている。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記した課題を解決するために、第一の発明は、大電流で充電する第１ステップと、第１ステップよりも小さな電流で充電する第２ステップと、第２ステップよりもさらに小さな電流で充電する第３ステップの３種類の異なる電流で充電するステップを有する密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電方式において、最初に前記密閉形鉛蓄電池は前記第１ステップで充電し、該第１ステップの充電中に前記密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値を超えた場合には、前記第２ステップに切り替えて充電し、該第２ステップの充電中に前記密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が前記設定電圧値を超えた場合には、前記第３ステップに切り替えて、前記第１〜３ステップの充電電気量が前記密閉形鉛蓄電池の放電電気量に一定の係数を乗じた電気量になるまで充電し、且つ前記密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が前記設定電圧値を超えた場合には充電を終了し、前記設定電圧値を超えていない場合には、さらに一定時間充電を続けることを特徴としている。
【００１０】
第二の発明は、前記一定の係数が、1.1〜1.2の範囲にあることを特徴とし、第三の発明は、前記設定電圧値は、周囲温度に応じて補正された値であることを特徴としている。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
ゴルフカート用の電源として、12V-100Ahの密閉形鉛蓄電池を使用した。この密閉形鉛蓄電池を後述する（実施例）及び（比較例）の２種類の方式で充電して、充電時間及びサイクル寿命を測定した。なお、（実施例）は、後述するように長期間の放置などによって、密閉形鉛蓄電池が自己放電をする場合に対応できる充電方式の一例である。以下において、密閉形鉛蓄電池は25℃でサイクル寿命試験及び容量確認試験をした。
【００１２】
１．サイクル寿命試験
以下の条件で、サイクル寿命試験をした。
充電条件：後述する、（実施例）及び（比較例）の２種類の方法で充電した。
放電条件：満充電状態の密閉形鉛蓄電池を、20Aの電流値で2.5時間放電した（50%放電）。
【００１３】
２．容量確認試験
以下の条件で容量確認試験をし、密閉形鉛蓄電池のサイクル寿命は、初期の放電容量の80%となった時点とした。
充電条件： 50サイクルごとに、2.45V/セルの定電圧充電する（ただし、制限電流20A、20時間）。
放電条件： 20Aの定電流で1.7V/セルまで放電して、放電容量を測定する。
【００１４】
【実施例】
（実施例）
（実施例）は、長期間の放置などによって、密閉形鉛蓄電池が自己放電をする場合にも対応できる充電方式である。図１は本発明の充電方式を用いた場合における密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電カーブであり、図２は本発明の充電方式を示すフローチャートである。
【００１５】
・第１ステップ
密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電がスタートすると、第１ステップに入る。第１ステップでは、密閉形鉛蓄電池を17Aの比較的大きな電流値で充電する（S10）。
【００１６】
充電によって、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧は徐々に上昇する（図１）。第１ステップから、後述する第２ステップへ切り替えるための設定電圧値（Ｖ）を、以下の（１）式に示すように設定した（Ｓ11）。
【００１７】
Ｖ ＝ V0 − ｔs×（ｔ−25℃） （１）
ただし、V0＝2.45ボルト／セル、ｔs＝5mV／（セル・℃）、ｔ：周囲温度（℃）
すなわち、第２ステップへの設定電圧値（Ｖ）は、V0を周囲温度で補正したものであり、周囲温度が高くなるほど、設定電圧値（Ｖ）は低く制御される（S11）。
そして、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧は充電の進行とともに徐々に上昇し、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値（Ｖ）に達した場合には、後述する第２ステップに移る（S12）。
【００１８】
・第２ステップ
第２ステップでは、第１ステップよりも少ない、10Aの定電流で密閉形鉛蓄電池を充電する（S20）。そして、第２ステップにおいても、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧は充電とともに徐々に上昇する（図１）。
【００１９】
第２ステップにおいて、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値（Ｖ）に達したか否かを判別する。そして、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値（Ｖ）に達した場合には、後述する第３ステップに移る（S22）。なお、第２ステップから後述する第３ステップへの設定電圧値（Ｖ）は、前記した（１）式を用いて制御した（Ｓ21）。
【００２０】
・第３ステップ
第３ステップでは、第２ステップよりもさらに少ない4Aの定電流で充電する。そして、第１ステップ〜第３ステップまでの充電電気量の総計が、密閉形鉛蓄電池の放電電気量に係数として1.15を乗じた電気量になるまで充電する（S30）。この充電電気量において、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値（Ｖ）を超えている場合には充電を終了する（31b、32b）。一方、密閉形鉛蓄電池の電圧が設定電圧値（Ｖ）に達していない場合には4Aの電流値でさらに４時間充電をして終了するようにした（31b、33b、34b）。したがって、密閉形鉛蓄電池が長期間にわたって高温多湿な場所に放置されて、自己放電をしている場合などにおいても適正な充電をすることができる。
【００２１】
（比較例）
比較例として、10Aの一定電流値で密閉形鉛蓄電池を充電し、充電電気量の総計が密閉形鉛蓄電池の放電電気量に係数として1.15を乗じた充電電気量に達した場合には充電を終了するようにした。
【００２２】
上記した（実施例）及び（比較例）のそれぞれの充電方式を用いた場合において、初期の充電時間及びサイクル寿命を測定した結果を表１に示す。本発明を用いると、充電時間を短くできることや、サイクル寿命を長くできる。本発明を用いことにより、充電末期における水の電気分解による酸素ガスの発生が少なくできるため、密閉形鉛蓄電池を長寿命化できたものと考えられる。
【００２３】
【表１】
【発明の効果】
上述したように本発明を用いると、密閉形鉛蓄電池を短時間で充電でき、長寿命化できる点で優れている。また、周囲温度によって設定電圧値（Ｖ）を補正しているため、過充電や充電不足などの問題が起こりにくい。また、本発明を用いることにより、密閉形鉛蓄電池が長期間にわたって高温多湿な場所に放置されて、自己放電をしているような場合においても適正な充電をすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の充電方式を用いた密閉形鉛蓄電池の充電カーブである。
【図２】本発明の充電方式を示すフローチャートである。
【図３】バッテリー式ゴルフカートのブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
１：密閉形鉛蓄電池、 ３：電流検出器、 ４：温度センサ、 ５：リレー、
６：ゴルフカート、８：充電器、 ９：コントローラ、 １０：商用電源、
１１：ブレーカ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a charging method for a sealed lead-acid battery used for cycle applications.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, inexpensive liquid lead-acid batteries have been used as batteries used for cycle applications such as automatic guided vehicles, but recently, sealed lead-acid batteries have begun to be used. Unlike conventional liquid lead acid batteries, this type of lead acid battery reduces oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode during charging by water electrolysis to water at the negative electrode.
[0003]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a general battery-powered golf cart. The golf cart 6 is operated by switching the relay 5 and using the sealed lead-acid battery 1 as a power source. The current flowing from the sealed lead-acid battery 1 to the riding golf cart 6 is converted into a voltage by passing through the current detector 3 using a fixed resistance, and is output to the controller 9. The controller 9 recognizes this voltage value as a current value flowing through the circuit, and calculates and stores the discharge electricity amount of the sealed lead-acid battery 1 by multiplying the current value by the energization time.
[0004]
Next, the case where the sealed lead-acid battery 1 is charged by switching the relay 5 will be described. That is, alternating current from the commercial power source 10 is converted into direct current using the charger 8 and the sealed lead-acid battery 1 is charged. Then, the charging current of the sealed lead-acid battery 1 is converted into a voltage value by passing through the current detector 3 using a fixed resistor, and is output to the controller 9. The controller 9 recognizes this voltage value as the charging current value of the sealed lead-acid battery 1, multiplies it by the energization time, and calculates and stores the charge electricity amount of the sealed lead-acid battery 1. The breaker 11 cuts off the circuit when an excessive current flows due to a short circuit or the like. In addition, it is known that the sealed lead-acid battery for cycle service generally has the longest cycle life when charged with a quantity of electricity obtained by multiplying the quantity of discharged electricity by 1.1 to 1.2 as a coefficient.
[0005]
However, even when a sealed lead-acid battery is used, when the battery is overcharged, the oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode cannot be completely reduced to water, so that the amount of water in the electrolyte gradually decreases. As a result, there is a problem that the sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolytic solution becomes high and the cycle life of the battery is shortened.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-22844 proposes a method for improving the cycle life by suppressing the decrease in the amount of water in the electrolytic solution by reducing the amount of charged electricity. However, this method has a problem that the negative electrode is easily deteriorated because the amount of charged electricity is insufficient. That is, when the amount of charge electricity is insufficient, the negative electrode active material becomes coarse, and it becomes difficult for charge / discharge reactions to occur, resulting in a problem that the cycle life of the battery is shortened.
[0007]
On the other hand, the conventional charging method has also been pointed out that it takes time to charge the sealed lead-acid battery. And in order to charge in a short time, it is necessary to increase the electric current value at the time of charge. However, when the current value at the time of charging is increased, the polarity of the positive electrode plate is increased, so that a large amount of oxygen gas is generated at the positive electrode, and the oxygen gas cannot be sufficiently reduced by the negative electrode. It is also known that oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode is likely to be generated at the end of charging or during overcharging. As described above, when charged with a large current, the internal pressure of the sealed lead-acid battery rises due to the generated oxygen gas, and oxygen gas is released to the outside through the safety valve. As a result, the amount of moisture in the electrolyte It is known that the lifespan decreases and the life span is reached in a very short time.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a charging system that can charge a sealed lead-acid battery in a short time and improve cycle life.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the first invention includes a first step for charging with a large current, a second step for charging with a smaller current than the first step, and a charging with a smaller current than the second step. In the charging method of the sealed lead-acid battery having the step of charging with three different currents in the third step, the sealed lead-acid battery is charged first in the first step, and the charging is performed during the charging of the first step. When the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery exceeds a set voltage value, charging is performed by switching to the second step, and the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery exceeds the set voltage value during the charging of the second step. In this case, switching to the third step, charging until the charge amount in the first to third steps becomes an amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the discharge amount of the sealed lead-acid battery by a certain coefficient, and the sealing form Exit charging when the voltage of the battery exceeds the set voltage value, if not exceed the set voltage value is characterized in that it further continued for a predetermined time charging.
[0010]
The second invention is characterized in that the constant coefficient is in a range of 1.1 to 1.2, and the third invention is characterized in that the set voltage value is a value corrected according to an ambient temperature. It is said.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A 12V-100Ah sealed lead-acid battery was used as a power source for golf carts. This sealed lead-acid battery was charged by two types of methods (Example) and (Comparative Example) described later, and the charging time and cycle life were measured. In addition, (Example) is an example of a charging method that can cope with a case where the sealed lead-acid battery self-discharges due to being left for a long period of time as will be described later. In the following, the sealed lead-acid battery was subjected to a cycle life test and a capacity confirmation test at 25 ° C.
[0012]
1. Cycle life test A cycle life test was performed under the following conditions.
Charging conditions: Charging was performed by two kinds of methods (Example) and (Comparative Example) described later.
Discharge conditions: A fully charged sealed lead-acid battery was discharged at a current value of 20 A for 2.5 hours (50% discharge).
[0013]
2. Capacity confirmation test A capacity confirmation test was conducted under the following conditions, and the cycle life of the sealed lead-acid battery was set at a point when it reached 80% of the initial discharge capacity.
Charging conditions: Charge at a constant voltage of 2.45V / cell every 50 cycles (limited current 20A, 20 hours).
Discharge conditions: Discharge to 1.7V / cell at a constant current of 20A and measure the discharge capacity.
[0014]
【Example】
(Example)
(Embodiment) is a charging method that can cope with a case where the sealed lead-acid battery self-discharges due to being left for a long time. FIG. 1 is a charging curve of a sealed lead-acid battery when the charging system of the present invention is used, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the charging system of the present invention.
[0015]
First step When charging of the sealed lead-acid battery starts, the first step is entered. In the first step, the sealed lead-acid battery is charged with a relatively large current value of 17A (S10).
[0016]
By charging, the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery gradually increases (FIG. 1). A set voltage value (V) for switching from the first step to the second step, which will be described later, was set as shown in the following equation (1) (S11).
[0017]
V = V 0 −ts × (t−25 ° C.) (1)
Where V 0 = 2.45 volts / cell, ts = 5 mV / (cell · ° C.), t: ambient temperature (° C.)
That is, the set voltage value (V) for the second step is obtained by correcting V 0 with the ambient temperature, and the set voltage value (V) is controlled to be lower as the ambient temperature becomes higher (S11).
Then, the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery gradually increases with the progress of charging, and when the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery reaches the set voltage value (V), the process proceeds to the second step described later (S12).
[0018]
Second Step In the second step, the sealed lead-acid battery is charged with a constant current of 10 A, which is less than in the first step (S20). Also in the second step, the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery gradually increases with charging (FIG. 1).
[0019]
In the second step, it is determined whether or not the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery has reached a set voltage value (V). When the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery reaches the set voltage value (V), the process proceeds to the third step described later (S22). The set voltage value (V) from the second step to the third step, which will be described later, was controlled using the above-described equation (1) (S21).
[0020]
Third step In the third step, charging is performed with a constant current of 4 A, which is even smaller than in the second step. Then, charging is performed until the total amount of charge electricity from the first step to the third step becomes the amount of electricity obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount of the sealed lead-acid battery by 1.15 as a coefficient (S30). If the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery exceeds the set voltage value (V) with this amount of charged electricity, the charging is terminated (31b, 32b). On the other hand, when the voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery did not reach the set voltage value (V), the battery was further charged for 4 hours with a current value of 4A (31b, 33b, 34b). Therefore, even when the sealed lead-acid battery is left in a hot and humid place for a long time and is self-discharged, it can be charged appropriately.
[0021]
(Comparative example)
As a comparative example, a sealed lead-acid battery is charged with a constant current value of 10A, and charging is performed when the total amount of charge reaches the charge electricity amount obtained by multiplying the discharge electricity amount of the sealed lead-acid battery by 1.15 as a coefficient. I ended it.
[0022]
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the initial charging time and cycle life when using the charging methods of the above-described (Example) and (Comparative Example). By using the present invention, the charging time can be shortened and the cycle life can be lengthened. By using the present invention, the generation of oxygen gas due to the electrolysis of water at the end of charging can be reduced, and it is considered that the life of the sealed lead-acid battery can be extended.
[0023]
[Table 1]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the use of the present invention is excellent in that the sealed lead-acid battery can be charged in a short time and the life can be extended. Further, since the set voltage value (V) is corrected by the ambient temperature, problems such as overcharge and insufficient charge are unlikely to occur. Further, by using the present invention, it is possible to charge properly even when the sealed lead-acid battery is left in a hot and humid place for a long period of time and self-discharges.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a charging curve of a sealed lead-acid battery using the charging method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a charging method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a battery-powered golf cart.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Sealed lead acid battery, 3: Current detector, 4: Temperature sensor, 5: Relay,
6: Golf cart, 8: Charger, 9: Controller, 10: Commercial power supply,
11: Breaker
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33441399A JP3636010B2 (en) | 1999-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Charging method for sealed lead-acid batteries |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11-140622 | 1999-05-20 | ||
| JP14062299 | 1999-05-20 | ||
| JP33441399A JP3636010B2 (en) | 1999-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Charging method for sealed lead-acid batteries |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001035540A JP2001035540A (en) | 2001-02-09 |
| JP3636010B2 true JP3636010B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33441399A Expired - Fee Related JP3636010B2 (en) | 1999-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Charging method for sealed lead-acid batteries |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101819259A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-01 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Method for evaluating consistency of battery pack |
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| JP7459531B2 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2024-04-02 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Lead-acid battery charging method, control device, and computer program |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101819259A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-01 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Method for evaluating consistency of battery pack |
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|---|---|
| JP2001035540A (en) | 2001-02-09 |
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