JP3630585B2 - Aqueous resin dispersion - Google Patents
Aqueous resin dispersion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3630585B2 JP3630585B2 JP16753199A JP16753199A JP3630585B2 JP 3630585 B2 JP3630585 B2 JP 3630585B2 JP 16753199 A JP16753199 A JP 16753199A JP 16753199 A JP16753199 A JP 16753199A JP 3630585 B2 JP3630585 B2 JP 3630585B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymerizable monomer
- aqueous resin
- resin dispersion
- polymerization
- meth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- -1 acryloyloxyethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIIUJJXXMYYQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1OC(=O)C=C GIIUJJXXMYYQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSNJIHDWUJXETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(5-tert-butylbenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 GSNJIHDWUJXETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJOJTMNIQSTBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-3-yl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CCC(OC(=O)C=C)C1(C)C AJOJTMNIQSTBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFLXKQBCEYNCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 UFLXKQBCEYNCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLYXGBNUYGAFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O FLYXGBNUYGAFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICLYJLBTOGPLMC-KVVVOXFISA-N (z)-octadec-9-enoate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ICLYJLBTOGPLMC-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCTFAOUOYLVUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-amino-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)azo-2-methylpropanimidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N CCTFAOUOYLVUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIBLWXYRKDJRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(5-cyanobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=C(C=CC3=N2)C#N)=C1 UIBLWXYRKDJRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCYCUECVHJJFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 VCYCUECVHJJFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAOSFCLPXMYGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxybenzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound N1=C2C=C(OC)C=CC2=NN1C1=CC(CCOC(=O)C(C)=C)=CC=C1O SAOSFCLPXMYGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenamine Chemical compound NC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=NCCO1 LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CCC(O)=O)C#N VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTAGBVNSDJDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxy-2-methylidene-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O RTTAGBVNSDJDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026788 ATP synthase subunit C lysine N-methyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIVWRJGXHZRBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C(=O)ON1CCC(CC1(C)C)(C)C Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)ON1CCC(CC1(C)C)(C)C WIVWRJGXHZRBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ARJAWSKDSA-N Ethyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000833848 Homo sapiens ATP synthase subunit C lysine N-methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical group C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMKZLFMHXZAGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethoxy(propyl)silyl]oxymethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCOC(=O)C=C RMKZLFMHXZAGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C=C WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IRECAYDEBUSTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanone;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IRECAYDEBUSTTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monoethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNWDFLSODFEDIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-3-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CCC(NC(=O)C=C)C1(C)C HNWDFLSODFEDIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKECVHXIVHRIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1NC(=O)C=C ZKECVHXIVHRIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117013 triethanolamine oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC=C)(OCC)OCC UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMPBPTNLNBRGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-ethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC(CC)=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(CC)C=C1 BMPBPTNLNBRGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐水性や耐ブロッキング性を要する塗料やコーティング用途等に用いられる水性樹脂分散体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、無公害性、火災の危険性の少ないことなどの利点から水性塗料の使用が多くなっている。このため、水性樹脂分散体の開発が盛んに行われ、塗料やコーティング用途に広く用いられている。
このような水性樹脂分散体は、通常、乳化重合で得られるが、乳化重合は親水性物質である乳化剤を必要とするために、水性樹脂分散体は、溶剤型樹脂に比べ、塗膜の耐水性、具体的には、耐透水性、耐吸水性、耐水白化性等が劣るという欠点があった。そこで、塗膜の耐水性を改良するために、水性樹脂分散体について様々な検討が行われている。その一つの手法として、水性樹脂分散体の小粒子径化が考えられる。小粒子径化することにより、乳化剤が局在化し易くなる粒子間隙が微分散し、このため、緻密な塗膜が形成されることで、塗膜内への水の浸入が抑制されることが期待されるが、これまでの水性樹脂分散体の小粒子径化には、製造方法や実用上等に問題があった。
【0003】
例えば、特開平7−133305号公報に樹脂分散粒子を微粒子化し均一系に近づけたものが提案されているが、同号公報提案のものは、乳化剤として親水性の強い臨界ミセル濃度の小さいものが多量に使用されているために、耐水性はあまり期待できない。このような乳化剤多量使用の問題を解消するために、特開平8−48705号公報には、シード重合法による重合安定性が高く且つ粒子径分布が狭い共重合体ラテックスが提案されている。しかし、その製造には、シード粒子を別の反応釜で調製する必要があり、工程が繁雑かつ時間を要するという問題がある。特開平9−302006号公報には、平均粒子径1〜50nmの超微粒子であり、かつ乳化剤含有量の少ないポリマーラテックスの製造方法が提案されているが、同号公報提案のものは固形分が極めて低く、固形分が低くなると経済性が低くなり、実用性に欠けるという問題がある。特開平10−182706号公報には、粒子径が小さく、残留モノマーの少ない水分散型樹脂組成物の製造方法が提案されているが、同号公報提案のものは、その製造に乳化活性をもつ水溶性ポリマーが多量に使用されるために、耐水性は期待できない。
【0004】
また、水性樹脂分散体は、これをもって形成される塗膜に単に耐水性ばかりでなく、用途によっては耐ブロッキング性が要求される。ブロッキングとは、各種被塗物、例えば、金属、木材、紙、プラスチック、無機建材等の基材に水性樹脂分散体が塗装されたものが積み重ねられた際に、塗膜同士が接着する現象を指す。ブロッキングが生じると、塗膜の破損や基材の破壊が生じ、塗装本来の目的である被塗物の保護や美観を向上させるという目的が達成されないため、工場塗装用等に用いられる水性樹脂分散体には耐ブロッキング性が必要になる。ブロッキングは塗膜に粘着性があると生じ易いため、耐ブロッキング性を備えた水性樹脂分散体を得るべく、粘着性の少ない塗膜が得られる水性樹脂分散体について様々な検討が行われている。例えば、特開昭63−22812号公報、特開昭63−53418号公報などに耐ブロッキング性塗料用の水性樹脂分散体が提案されているが、ここには耐水性についての記載はなく、これらに提案の水性樹脂分散体は、耐水性を考慮したものではない。
【0005】
上記のように水性樹脂分散体の現状は、耐水性並びに耐ブロッキング性を備えた塗膜を形成しうる満足な水性樹脂分散体はないのが実状であり、この二つの機能を備えた水性樹脂分散体の開発が要望されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、水性樹脂分散体の実情に鑑み、上記従来技術の問題点を一挙に解決し、耐水性並びに耐ブロッキング性に優れる塗膜の形成を可能とする実用性のある水性樹脂分散体を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記解決課題に鑑み、従来の水性樹脂分散体を改良すべく種々研究を重ねた結果、
耐水性の良い塗膜が得られ、かつ実用性の高い水性樹脂分散体とするためには、粒子径を特定範囲の大きさにし、かつ固形分の含有量を特定範囲の量にすることが重要であること、
塗膜に耐ブロッキング性を付与するためには、初期重合とこれに続く多段の本重合とからなる多段乳化重合において、多段乳化重合に用いられる全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgが特定の温度範囲にあると共に、本重合の第一段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは、最終段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも特定の温度差以上に高くなるようにすることと、得られる水性樹脂分散体による塗膜の軟化温度が前記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgより特定の温度差以上に高くなるようにすることとが重要であること、
また、前記水性樹脂分散体の最低成膜温度(MFT)が全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgより特定の温度差以上に高くなることとを見いだし、本発明に到達した。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明に係る水性樹脂分散体は、
初期重合とこれに続く多段の本重合からなる乳化重合により、得られる水性樹脂分散体であって、
前記乳化重合に用いられる全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは−10〜40℃であると共に、本重合の第一段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは、最終段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgより40℃以上高く、
水性樹脂分散体は樹脂粒子の平均粒子径が50〜110nmであり、
水性樹脂分散体の固形分含有量は40〜60重量%であり、
水性樹脂分散体による最低成膜温度(MFT)は前記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも19℃以上高い値を示し、
水性樹脂分散体の塗膜はその軟化温度が前記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも10℃以上高い値を示す、
ことを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明に係る水性樹脂分散体は、前記重合性単量体成分が、シクロアルキル基を有するアルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とのエステル化物、3級アルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とのエステル化物、ベンゾトリアゾール系の重合性単量体、ピペリジン系の重合性単量体、アルコキシシラン基を有する重合性単量体およびベンゾフェノン系の重合単量体のうちの少なくとも一つを含むことにより、さらに耐候性の付与された塗膜を形成し得るものにすることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る水性樹脂分散体は、初期重合およびこれに続く多段の本重合により、乳化重合することによって得られる水性樹脂分散体である。
以下、「重合性単量体」を「単量体」、「重合性単量体成分」を「単量体成分」と、それぞれ、略称することがある。
〔パラメーター〕
本発明の水性樹脂分散体においては、樹脂粒子の大きさは、平均粒子径で50〜110nmの範囲が好ましい。樹脂粒子の大きさが上記範囲に満たず小さいと重合時に凝集物が発生しやすく、また、上記範囲を超えて大きくなると塗膜に耐水性が得られない。
【0011】
水性樹脂分散体に含まれる固形分量は、40〜60重量%の範囲が好ましい。実質的に樹脂粒子である固形分の含有量が上記範囲に満たず少なくなると、得られる水性樹脂分散体の経済性が低くなり、また、上記範囲を超えて大きくなると重合時に凝集物が発生しやすい。
水性樹脂分散体において、樹脂粒子を平均粒子径で上記の範囲の大きさ、かつ、固形分含有量を上記範囲の量とすることにより、本発明の水性樹脂分散体は実用性が高く、耐水性に優れた塗膜を形成することができるようになる。
【0012】
本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、乳化重合に用いられる全重合性単量体成分の計算Tg、本重合の第一段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tg(「Tg1 」で表す)と最終段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tg(「Tg2 」で表す)とのTg差(Tg1 −Tg2 )、水性樹脂分散体による塗膜の軟化温度、および最低成膜温度(MFT)が、それぞれ、次の条件を満たすものである。
【0013】
ここで、計算Tgとは、次のFOXの式より推算される共重合体のTg(ガラス転移点)である。
1/Tg=Σ(Wn /Tgn )/100
FOXの式は、モノマーn からなるホモポリマーn のTgがTgn (K;絶対温度)であると、モノマー1 〜モノマーn が、それぞれ、W1 〜Wn 重量%からなるコポリマーのTgは、上記関係式で表せることを示すものである。
【0014】
全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは、好ましくは−10〜40℃である。全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgが上記範囲を超えて高くなると、得られる塗膜にワレが生じる等の成膜不良が起こり、また、上記範囲に満たず低いと粘着性が強くなり、耐ブロッキング性が得られない。
Tg差(Tg1 −Tg2 )は、好ましくは、40℃以上である。つまり、本重合の第一段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは、最終段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgより40℃以上高いことが好ましい。Tg差(Tg1 −Tg2 )が上記範囲に満たず低くなると、得られる塗膜の粘着性が強くなり、耐ブロッキング性が得られない。
【0015】
軟化温度は、上記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも10℃以上高い温度である。また、最低成膜温度(MFT)は、上記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも19℃以上高い温度である。
全重合性単量体成分の計算TgおよびTg差(Tg1 −Tg2 )を、それぞれ、上記範囲に選ぶことにより、粘着性の指標となる軟化温度は低くならず、軟化温度が適正な範囲の温度となるために、耐ブロッキング性を付与することが可能となる。また、上記最低成膜温度も適正な範囲の温度となるために、十分な成膜性が得られる。
〔重合方法〕
本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、乳化重合により製造されるが、この乳化重合は初期重合とこれに続く多段で行われる本重合とから構成される。
【0016】
初期重合は、最初に、水性媒体と乳化剤に全重合性単量体成分の一部を混合させた状態で重合開始剤を添加して開始された重合を指す。初期重合においては、投入した単量体成分の80重量%以上、好ましくは90重量%以上を重合させ、重合体粒子の核を形成させる。初期重合では、水性媒体、乳化剤および重合性単量体の単なる混合状態から重合を始めてもよいし、重合性単量体を機械攪拌により乳化させ、エマルションとして添加してもよい。
【0017】
初期重合における単量体成分の使用量は、特に限定はされないが、全単量体成分の合計使用量に対して、2〜40重量%、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。初期重合の使用量が、上記範囲に満たないと粒子径が大きくなり易く、また、上記範囲を超えて過多になると発熱の制御が難しくなるので、好ましくない。なお、初期重合の単量体成分は、本重合の1段目に用いる単量体成分と同じ組成のものであっても異なるものであってもよい。
【0018】
本重合は、初期重合の終了後、多段で行われる。多段の重合とは、前段までに用いた重合性単量体成分の80重量%以上、好ましくは90重量%以上が重合してから、新たに重合性単量体成分を加えて次の段の重合を行う重合方法を指す。本重合では、多段の重合段階の第一段と最終段とで、それぞれ、単量体成分の組成が異なり、計算Tgの異なる単量体成分が用いられる。前述のごとく、第一段の単量体成分の計算Tgは、最終段の単量体成分の計算Tgより高く、Tg差(Tg1 −Tg2 )は40℃以上である。本重合の第一段と最終段以外の各段の計算Tgは、特に限定されないが、最終段のTg以上から第一段のTg以下が望ましい。
【0019】
本重合の段数は、特に限定されないが、製造工程を簡略化するためには、2段または3段が望ましい。2段の場合は、本重合は第一段と最終段のみとなる。
本重合における単量体成分の添加方法は、単量体成分だけでもプレエマルションとしてでもよく、一括添加、分割添加、連続滴下などの方法を自由に選択でき、本重合の各段で添加方法が同じであっても、異なっていてもよい。
【0020】
本重合の第一段における単量体使用量は、特に限定されないが、全単量体成分の合計使用量に対して20〜78重量%、好ましくは30〜70重量%の範囲で選ばれる。上記範囲に満たないと耐ブロッキング性が発現せず、また、上記範囲を越えると成膜性が低下する。本重合の最終段における重量体使用量は、特に限定されないが、全単量体成分の合計使用量に対して20〜78重量%、好ましくは30〜70重量%の範囲で選ばれる。上記範囲に満たないと成膜性が低下し、また、上記範囲を越えると耐ブロッキング性が低下する。本重合の第一段、最終段以外の各段については初期重合、本重合の第一段、最終段の単量体使用量を除いた分を任意に配分することができる。
【0021】
重合温度は、特に限定はなく、好ましくは0〜100℃、よりに好ましくは40〜95℃である。重合温度は一定であっても、重合途中で変化させてもよい。重合時間は、特に限定はなく、反応の進行状況に応じて適宜選ぶことができ、重合開始から終了まで、2〜8時間の範囲が好ましい。
〔重合性単量体〕
本発明の水性樹脂分散体を得るには、全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgおよび本重合の第一段と最終段の重合性単量体成分のTg差が、それぞれ、前記一定の範囲になるように、互いに共重合可能な他の重合性単量体を選ぶ必要がある。
【0022】
主な重合性単量体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸n−ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ネオペンチル、(メタ)アクリル酸イソボルニル等の(メタ)アクリル酸と炭素数1〜18のアルコールとのエステル形成反応により合成される(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類;スチレン、ビニルトルエン、α−メチルスチレン等の芳香族ビニル化合物;酢酸ビニル等のビニルエステル;メチルビニルエーテル等のビニルエーテル;等が挙げられる。
【0023】
酸性基を有する重合性単量体としては、一価または多価の酸モノマーおよびそれらの塩並びに部分エステル化物が用いられる。
酸性基を有する重合性単量体としては、具体的には、例えば、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸等のエチレン性不飽和モノカルボン酸類;フマル酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和多価カルボン酸類;マレイン酸モノエチル、イタコン酸モノエチル等のエチレン性不飽和多価カルボン酸の部分エステル化物等のカルボキシル基を有する単量体;ビニルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、スルホ(メタ)アクリレート等のスルホン酸基を有する単量体;2−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドホスフェート、2−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロピルアシッドホスフェート、2−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−3−クロロプロピルアシッドホスフェート、2−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルフェニルリン酸等の酸性リン酸エステル系単量体;等が挙げられる。酸性基を有する重合性単量体は、1種類のみを用いてもよく、また、2種類以上を併用してもよい。上記例示の重合性単量体のうち、カルボキシル基を有する単量体が好ましく、メタクリル酸等のエチレン性不飽和モノカルボン酸がより好ましい。
【0024】
用いられる全重合性単量体成分中の酸性基を有する重合性単量体の割合は、特に限定はされないが、全重合性単量体成分に対して、0.1〜10重量%の範囲が好ましく、0.5〜5重量%の範囲がより好ましい。全重合性単量体成分に占める酸性基を有する単量体の割合が上記範囲を超えて多くなり過ぎると、塗膜の耐水性が低下し、上記範囲に満たず少なくなると、エマルションの機械的安定性、化学的安定性等の安定性が低下するので、好ましくない。
【0025】
酸性基以外の官能基を有する重合性単量体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸とポリプロピレングリコールもしくはポリエチレングリコールとのモノエステル、α−(ヒドロキシルメチル)アクリル酸メチル等のヒドロキシル基を有する単量体;グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等のエポキシ基を有する単量体;(メタ)アクリロニトリル等のニトリル基を有する単量体;N−モノメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−モノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド等のアミド基を有する単量体;(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、アミノスチレン等のアミノ基を有する単量体;イソプロペニルオキサゾリン、ビニルピロリドン等のその他の官能基を有する単量体;等が挙げられる。
【0026】
多官能性の重合性単量体としては、(メタ)アクリル酸とエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール等の多価アルコールとのエステル;ジビニルベンゼン等の多官能ビニル化合物;(メタ)アクリル酸アリル等の(メタ)アクリル酸とアリルエステル;等が挙げられる。
【0027】
その他、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、クロロスチレン、フッ化ビニル、フッ化ビニリデン、(メタ)アクリル酸パーフルオロオクチルエチル等のハロゲン成分を有する単量体が挙げられる。
本発明の水性樹脂分散体に耐候性を付与するためには、重合性単量体として、特定の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、紫外線安定化能のある単量体、紫外線吸収能のある単量体、アルコキシラン基有する単量体等を用いるのが好ましい。
【0028】
具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸メチルシクロヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸シクロドデシル等のシクロアルキル基を有するアルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とのエステル化物;(メタ)アクリル酸t−ブチル等の3級アルコールと(メタ)アクリル酸とのエステル化物;2,4−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、または2,2’,4−トリヒドロキシベンゾフェノンとグリシジル(メタ)アクリレートを反応させて得られる2−ヒドロキシ−4−〔3−(メタ)アクリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ〕ベンゾフェノン、2,2’−ジヒドロキシ−4−〔3−(メタ)アクリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ〕ベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン系の単量体、および2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシメチル)フェニル〕−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ─5’−(メタクリロイルオキシプロピル〕フェニル〕−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシヘキシル〕フェニル〕−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ─3’−t−ブチル−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル〕フェニル〕−2−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−t−ブチル−3’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル〕フェニル〕−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−5−クロロ−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−5−メトキシ−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−5−シアノ−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−5−t−ブチル−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール、2−〔2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−5−t−ブチル−2H−ベンゾトリアゾール等のベンゾトリアゾール系の単量体等の紫外線吸収能を有する単量体;4−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチルピペリジン、4−(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ−1,2,2,6,6−ペンタメチルピペリジン、4−シアノ−4−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、1−(メタ)アクリロイル−4−(メタ)アクリロアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−クロトイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、4−クロトイルアミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン、1−クロトイル−4−クロトイルオキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン等のピペリジン系の重合性単量体等の紫外線安定化能を有する単量体;ビニルトリメトキシシラン、γ−(メタ)アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリエトキシシラン、トリメトキシシリルアリルアミン等のアルコキシラン基を有する単量体;等が挙げられ、これらの重合性単量体の少なくとも一つを使用するのが好ましい。
〔水性媒体〕
上記重合性単量体成分の重合に際し、水性媒体としては、通常、水が使用され、必要に応じて低級アルコールやケトン等の親水性溶媒が併用できる。水性媒体の使用量は、上記全重合性単量体成分の使用量に対して、得られる水性樹脂分散体の固形分含量が上記一定の範囲になるように用いられる。
〔乳化剤〕
乳化剤としては、特に限定はなく、たとえば、アニオン系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、高分子界面活性剤等のすべての界面活性剤を使用することができる。さらに、分子中に1個以上の重合可能な炭素−炭素不飽和結合を有する重合性界面活性剤を使用することができる。
【0029】
アニオン系界面活性剤としては、具体的には、例えば、ナトリウムドデシルサルフェート、カリウムドデシルサルフェート等のアルカリ金属アルキルサルフェート;アンモニウムドデシルサルフェート等のアンモニウムアルキルサルフェート;ナトリウムドデシルポリグリコールエーテルサルフェート;ナトリウムスルホリシノエート;スルホン化パラフィンのアルカリ金属塩、スルホン化パラフィンのアンモニウム塩等のアルキルスルホネート;ナトリウムラウリレート、トリエタノールアミンオレエート、トリエタノールアミンアビエテート等の脂肪酸塩;ナトリウムドデシルベンゼンスルホネート、アルカリフェノールヒドロキシエチレンのアルカリ金属サルフェート等のアルキルアリールスルホネート;高アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩;ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物;ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルサルフェート塩;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールサルフェート塩等を挙げることができる。
【0030】
ノニオン系界面活性剤としては、具体的には、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテル;ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル;ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル;グリセロールのモノラウレート等の脂肪酸モノグリセライド;ポリオキシエチレンオキシプロピレン共重合体;エチレンオキサイドと脂肪族アミン、アミドまたは酸との縮合生成物等が使用できる。
【0031】
高分子界面活性剤としては、具体的には、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール;ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸カリウム、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸アンモニウム、ポリヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート;ポリヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート;またはこれらの重合体の構成単位である重合性単量体の二種以上の共重合体または他の単量体との共重合体等が挙げられる。また、クラウンエーテル類等の相関移動触媒は界面活性を示すので、界面活性剤として使用してもよい。
【0032】
重合性界面活性剤としては、具体的には、例えば、プロペニル−2−エチルヘキシルベンゼンスルホコハク酸エステルナトリウム、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリオキシエチレンの硫酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルプロペニルエーテル硫酸アンモニウム塩、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリオキシエチレンエステルのリン酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールサルフェート塩の構造を有し、かつイソプロペニル基、アリール基等の重合性を有するもの等のアニオン性重合性界面活性剤;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルベンゼンエーテル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテルの構造を有し、かつイソプロペニル基、アリール基等の重合性を有するもの等のノニオン性重合性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。これら乳化剤である界面活性剤の使用は、1種のみの使用であっても、また2種以上の併用であってもよいが、水性樹脂分散体からの乾燥塗膜の耐水性を考慮すれば、重合性界面活性剤が好ましい。
【0033】
乳化剤の使用量は、特に限定はされないが、全重合性単量体成分の使用量に対して、好ましくは0.5〜5重量%であり、より好ましくは1〜3重量%である。乳化剤の使用量が多過ぎると塗膜の耐水性を低下させ、また、少な過ぎると樹脂粒子が大きくなり易い。樹脂の粒子径は、乳化剤の種類によっても大きな影響を受けるため、使用量は、使用する乳化剤に応じて、上記範囲内で、さらに適宜、選ぶ必要がある。乳化剤は、初期重合および本重合に適宜配分して使用することができるが、重合体の微粒子化を図るためには、初期重合に全使用量の40〜80重量%を配分するのが好ましい。
〔重合開始剤〕
重合開始剤は、特に限定されるものではなく、具体的には、例えば、2,2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)・二塩酸塩、4,4’−アゾビス(4−シアノペンタン酸)等の水溶性アゾ化合物;過硫酸カリウム等の過硫酸塩類;過酸化水素、過酢酸、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド等の過酸化物;等が挙げられる。
【0034】
重合開始剤の使用量は、特に限定はされないが、全重合性単量体成分の使用量に対して、好ましくは0.05〜1重量%であり、より好ましくは0.1〜0.5重量%である。重合開始剤の使用量が多過ぎると塗膜の耐水性を低下させ、また、少な過ぎると重合速度が遅くなり、未反応の単量体が残存し易くなるので、いずれも好ましくない。重合開始剤は一種の使用でも2種以上の併用でもよい。また、重合速度を速めるために、必要に応じて、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の還元剤や硫酸第一鉄等の金属塩を前記重合開始剤と併用してもよい。
【0035】
重合開始剤の添加は、得られる重合体粒子を細かくするために、初期重合で全使用量の40〜100重量%を添加するのが好ましく、添加方法は特に制限はなく、例えば、一括仕込み、分割仕込み、連続滴下等のいずれの方法であってもよい。また、重合の完了を速めるために、全単量体成分の滴下終了前後に、特別に重合開始剤の一部を添加してもよい。
〔連鎖移動剤〕
また、重合時に重合開始剤の他に、必要に応じて、連鎖移動剤を添加することができ、例えば、t−ドデシルメルカプタン等のチオール基を有する化合物を添加することができる。
〔中和剤〕
重合の終了後、酸性基を有する重合体の酸性基はアルカリ性物質で一部または全部を中和してもよく、また、未中和のままであってもよい。
【0036】
中和剤は、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の種々の中和剤を使用することができる。具体的には、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属化合物;水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属化合物;アンモニア;モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、モノエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、モノプロピルアミン、ジメチルプロピルアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン等の水溶性有機アミン類等が挙げられる。上記塩基性化合物は、1種類のみを用いてもよく、また、2種類以上を併用してもよい。中和剤としては、臭気や耐水性を考慮すると、アンモニア水やモノエタノールアミン等の低沸点アミンが好ましい。
〔添加物〕
本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、前記したように、重合性単量体に紫外線吸収性の重合性単量体や紫外線安定性の重合性単量体を用いることによって耐候性を付与することができるが、得られた水性樹脂分散体に紫外線吸収能のある物質や紫外線安定化能のある物質を配合することによっても耐候性を付与することができる。例えば、重合性基をもたない低分子量の紫外線吸収剤や紫外線安定化剤を本発明の水性樹脂分散体に添加したり、水性樹脂分散体の重合時に重合性単量体とともに添加してもよく、また、前記の紫外線吸収性の単量体や紫外線安定性の重合性単量体を重合した高分子量の水溶性または水分散型樹脂を添加してもよい。
【0037】
本発明の水性樹脂分散体はそのまま使用してもよいし、多官能イソシアネートや多官能ヒドラジンなどの硬化剤を添加してもよい。また、必要に応じて、さらに公知の添加剤、例えば、成膜助剤、顔料、分散剤、増粘剤、防腐剤、充填剤、帯電防止剤、艶消し剤等を配合して使用してもよい。
〔用途〕
本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、優れた耐水性並びに耐ブロッキング性を備えた塗膜を形成することができる。本発明の水性樹脂分散体の用途として、建築、建材用塗料、特に耐ブロッキング性の必要な工場塗装用塗料、風雨に曝される構造物の保護や窯業系無機建材、木材、紙などの耐水性の低い基材の保護などのコーティング用途などに広く用いられる。また、耐候性を付与した水性樹脂分散体は、長期にわたる美観の維持、基材の保護が必要なコーティング用途に適する。本発明の水性樹脂分散体の用途は、必ずしもブロッキング性を必要とする用途に限定されず、耐水性または耐候性を必要とする用途に広く使用することができる。その使用も、顔料の含有の有無にかかわらない。乾燥条件も、常温乾燥から加熱乾燥まで用途に合わせて選択できる。
【0038】
本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、耐水性改良剤または耐ブロッキング性改良剤として、他の水性樹脂分散体や水溶性樹脂とブレンドして使用することができる。また、本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、シリコン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂等の耐候性樹脂またはエポキシ樹脂、アルキッド樹脂等の耐食性樹脂と組み合わせることも、有効な使用方法である。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例および比較例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
[実施例1]
滴下ロート、攪拌機、窒素ガス導入管、温度計および還流冷却管を備えたフラスコに脱イオン水826.9g、乳化剤としてアクアロンHS−10(第一工業製薬製)の25%水溶液28.8gおよびアクアロンRN−20(第一工業製薬製)の25%水溶液14.4gを仕込み、ゆるやかに窒素ガスを吹き込みながら攪拌下に75℃まで昇温した。
【0040】
上記75℃に保持した反応系に、本重合の1段目用として調製した、アクアロンHS−10の25%水溶液13.4g、アクアロンRN−20の25%水溶液6.7g、脱イオン水99.8g、メチルメタクリレート310.5g、ブチルアクリレート112.5g、アクリル酸9.0g、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート18.0gからなるプレエマルション569.9gのうち57gを添加した後、5%過硫酸カリウム水溶液54.0gを添加して重合反応を開始させた。重合開始後80℃まで昇温し、そのまま10分間維持した。ここまでを初期重合とした。この時、添加したモノマーの80%以上が反応していることを固形分から確認した。
【0041】
初期重合を終え80℃に維持した反応系に、上記のプレエマルションの残部 512.9gを80分間にわたり均一滴下した。滴下後、滴下ロート内を脱イオン水20gで洗浄して、洗浄液を反応系に加えた。その後、30分間80℃を維持して、本重合の1段目を終了した。この時、添加したモノマーの80%以上が反応していることを固形分から確認した。
【0042】
1段目の重合を終え80℃に維持した反応系に、アクアロンHS−10の25%水溶液5.8g、アクアロンRN−20の25%水溶液2.9g、脱イオン水141.4g、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)126.9g、ブチルアクリレート(BA)296.1g、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)9.0g、グリシジルメタクリレート(GMA)18.0gからなる2段目のプレエマルションを100分かけて均一滴下した。滴下後、滴下ロート内を脱イオン水20gで洗浄して、洗浄液を反応系に加えた。その後、60分間80℃を維持して、本重合を終了した。
【0043】
次に、本重合を終了した反応系を50℃まで冷却し、25%アンモニア水7.1gを添加して、同じ温度で10分間攪拌を続けた。さらに攪拌を続けながら室温まで冷却した後、反応液を100メッシュの金網で濾過し、水性樹脂分散体を得た。
得られた水性樹脂分散体について下記の各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示した。表には、各単量体成分および乳化剤の量は、使用した単量体合計量100重量部に対する比率(重量部)で示した。
<固形分>
精秤した試料1gを110℃の熱風乾燥機中で60分間乾燥し、乾燥残量を固形分として、乾燥前の重量に対する比率を重量%で表示した。
<粒子径>
動的光散乱法による粒子径測定装置(HIAC/ROYCO INSTRUMENTS DIVISION 社製NICOMP Model 370)を用い、体積平均粒子径を測定した。
<計算Tg><Tg差>
重合に用いた各単量体のホモポリマーのTgに基づき、FOXの式により計算した。
<MFT(最低成膜温度)>
熱勾配試験機の上に置いたガラス板上に0.2mmのアプリケーターで水性樹脂分散体を塗工し、その後、ガラス板上の塗膜に亀裂の生じた温度を読み取り、この温度を最低成膜温度とした。
<軟化温度>
ガラス板に離型紙を貼り、ガムテープを2枚重ねて(厚さ約600μm)型枠を作製した。この型枠に水性樹脂分散体を流し込み、100℃の熱風乾燥機中で60分間乾燥させ、厚さ約200μmのフィルムを作製した。熱機械分析装置(島津製作所製TMA−50)を用い、荷重20g、昇温速度5℃/分で、得られたフィルムの軟化温度を測定した。
<不粘着性試験>
水性樹脂分散体100重量部にブチルセロソルブ(成膜助剤)の75%水溶液5.8重量部を添加し、試料の試験液とした。アプリケーターを用い、この試験液を乾燥後の膜厚が約60μmになるようにガラス板に塗工し、このガラス板を100℃の熱風乾燥機中で10分間乾燥させ、試験板を得た。得られた試験板について、JIS K5400の不粘着試験に類似した不粘着性試験を行った。条件は、40℃の熱風乾燥機中で平均荷重約70g/cm2 、加圧時間10分で行った。
【0044】
試験結果は下記のごとく記号で区分し、◎、○および△を合格とした。
◎:ガーゼ痕が全くない、○:目立たない程度のガーゼ痕が残る、△:ガーゼ痕が少し浅く残る、×:ガーゼ痕がくっきりと深く残る
<耐水白化試験1>
前記試験液をガラス板に同様に塗工して膜を形成した試験板を脱イオン水中に浸漬し、室温で7日間保持した。7日間浸漬試験した試験板を目視観察して白化の程度を評価した。試験結果は下記のごとく記号で区分し、◎、○および△を合格とした。
◎:異常なし、○:僅かに蛍光色を帯びる、△:蛍光色を帯びる、×:白化する<耐水白化試験2>
前記試験液をアルミ板に同様に塗工して膜を形成した試験板のL値(L1)を色差計を用いて測定した後、試験板を脱イオン水中に浸漬、室温で7日間保持した。7日間浸漬試験した試験板を水から引き上げ、水分を拭き取った後、L値(L2)を測定した。白化度ΔLを(L2−L1)で示し、ΔLの数値範囲を下記のごとく記号で区分して、膜の白化度を評価した。◎、○および△を合格とした。
◎:2未満、○:2以上5未満、△:5以上10未満、×:10以上
<吸水率>
前記試験液を塗工して膜を形成した試験板を精秤し(W1)、初期重量とした。重量W1の試験板を脱イオン水中に浸漬、室温で7日間保持した後、吸水した試験板を水から引き上げ、水分を拭き取って精秤した(W2)。浸漬前後の重量変化から、吸水率、(W2−W1)*100/W1を求め、吸水率の範囲を下記のごとく記号で区分し、◎、○および△を合格とした。
◎:5%未満、○:5%以上7.5%未満、△:7.5%以上10%未満、×:10%以上
[実施例2]〜[実施例21]、[比較例1]〜[比較例7]
実施例1において単量体並びに乳化剤およびその組み合わせを変えて、実施例1と同じ方法により、組成の異なる水性樹脂分散体を得た。結果を、実施例1と併せ、表1〜5に示した。
【0045】
用いた単量体および乳化剤を、表中に下記の略号で示した。
単量体;MMA:メチルメタクリレート、n−BMA:n−ブチルメタクリレート、i−BMA:i−ブチルメタクリレート、t−BMA:t−ブチルメタクリレート、CHMA:シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、BA:ブチルアクリレート、2EHA:2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、n−OA:n−オクチルアクリレート、St:スチレン、AA:アクリル酸、MAA:メタクリル酸、HEMA:2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、GMA:グリシジルメタクリレート、HALS:アデカスタブLA−87(旭電化製)、UVA:RUVA−93(大塚化学製)
乳化剤;A:アクアロンHS−10/アクアロンRN−20=2/1の混合物、B:アクアロンHS−10、C:ラテムルS−180A(花王製)、D:エレミノールJS−2(三洋化成製)、E:エレミノールRS−30(三洋化成製)、F:ハイテノールN−08(第一工業製薬製)、G:ハイテノール18E(第一工業製薬製)、H:レベノールWZ(花王製)
【0046】
【表1】
【0047】
【表2】
【0048】
【表3】
【0049】
【表4】
【0050】
【表5】
【0051】
[実施例22]
滴下ロート、攪拌機、窒素ガス導入管、温度計および還流冷却管を備えたフラスコに脱イオン水826.9g、乳化剤としてアクアロンHS−10(第一工業製薬製)の25%水溶液28.8gおよびアクアロンRN−20(第一工業製薬製)の25%水溶液14.4g、メチルメタクリレート64.8g、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート19.8、アクリル酸5.4gを仕込み、ゆるやかに窒素ガスを吹き込みながら攪拌下に昇温し、75℃に達したところで、5%過硫酸カリウム水溶液54.0gを添加して重合を開始した。重合開始後、80℃まで昇温し、そのまま10分間維持した。ここまでを初期重合とした。この時、添加したモノマーの80%以上が反応していることを確認した。
【0052】
初期重合を終え80℃に維持した反応系に、アクアロンHS−10の25%水溶液13.4g、アクアロンRN−20の25%水溶液6.7g、脱イオン水99.8g、メチルメタクリレート260.1g、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート78.3g、アクリル酸3.6g、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート18.0gからなる1段目のプレエマルションを80分間にわたり均一滴下した。滴下後、滴下ロート内を脱イオン水20gで洗浄して、洗浄液を反応系に加えた。その後、30分間80℃を維持して、本重合の1段目を終了した。この時、添加したモノマーの80%以上が反応していることを確認した。
【0053】
1段目の重合を終え80℃に維持した反応系に、アクアロンHS−10の25%水溶液5.8g、アクアロンRN−20の25%水溶液2.9g、脱イオン水141.4g、メチルメタクリレート170.1g、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート252.9g、アクリル酸3.6g、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート9.0gからなる2段目のプレエマルションを100分間にわたり均一滴下した。滴下終了後60分間80℃に維持し、本重合を終了した。
【0054】
次に、反応系を50℃まで冷却して、25%アンモニア水7.1gを添加し、同じ温度で10分間攪拌を続けた。さらに攪拌を続けながら室温まで冷却した後、反応液を100メッシュの金網で濾過し、水性樹脂分散体を得た。
得られた水性樹脂分散体について前記の各種の試験とさらに下記の促進耐候性試験を行った。結果を表6に示す。
<促進耐候性試験>
水性樹脂分散体を用い下記からなる白塗料を調製した。白塗料の組成は重量部で示す。
【0055】
白塗料を乾燥後の膜厚が約60μmになるようにアプリケーターを用いてアルミ板に塗工し、100℃の熱風乾燥機中で10分間乾燥した。白塗料の塗膜を形成した試験板について、光沢を測定した後、試験装置UVCON(UC−1型(株)東洋精機製作所製)を用い促進耐候性試験を行った。試験条件として、紫外線照射70℃4時間と湿潤50℃4時間を交互に繰り返し、1000時間後に試験板の光沢を測定した。試験前に対する光沢保持率で耐候性を評価した。試験1000時間後の光沢保持率を以下の4段階に区分し、光沢保持率が70%以上を合格とした。
◎:90%以上、○:80%以上90%未満、△:70%以上80%未満、×:70%未満
[実施例23]〜[実施例31]
実施例22において単量体並びに乳化剤およびその組み合わせを変えて、実施例22と同じ方法により、組成の異なる水性樹脂分散体を得た。結果を、実施例22と併せ、表6〜7に示した。
【0056】
用いた単量体および乳化剤を、表中に下記の略号で示した。
単量体;MMA:メチルメタクリレート、t−BMA:t−ブチルメタクリレート、2EHA:2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、AA:アクリル酸、HEMA:2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、GMA:グリシジルメタクリレート、HALS:メタクリロイルオキシ−2,2,4,4−テトラメチルピペリジン(商品名;アデカスタブLA−87 旭電化製)、UVA:2−〔2−ヒドロキシ−5−(2−メタクリロイルオキシエチル)フェニル〕−2H−1,2,3−ベンゾトリアゾール(商品名;RUVA−93 大塚化学製)、MPTMS:γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(商品名;SZ−6030 東レ・ダウコーニング・シリコーン製)
乳化剤;A:アクアロンHS−10/アクアロンRN−20=2/1の混合物
【0057】
【表6】
【0058】
【表7】
【0059】
【効果】
本発明の水性樹脂分散体を用いることにより、優れた耐水性並びに耐ブロッキング性を備えた塗膜を形成することができる。本発明の水性樹脂分散体は、屋内外の工場塗装用塗料、風雨に曝される構造物の保護や窯業系無機建材、木材、紙などの耐水性の低い基材の保護などのコーティング用途などに広く用いることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aqueous resin dispersion used for paints and coatings that require water resistance and blocking resistance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the use of water-based paints has increased due to the advantages such as non-pollution and low risk of fire. For this reason, the development of aqueous resin dispersions has been actively conducted and widely used for paints and coatings.
Such an aqueous resin dispersion is usually obtained by emulsion polymerization, but since emulsion polymerization requires an emulsifier which is a hydrophilic substance, the aqueous resin dispersion is more resistant to water resistance than the solvent-type resin. In particular, there is a defect that water permeability, water absorption resistance, water whitening resistance and the like are inferior. Accordingly, various studies have been conducted on aqueous resin dispersions in order to improve the water resistance of the coating film. One possible method is to reduce the particle size of the aqueous resin dispersion. By reducing the particle size, the particle gaps where the emulsifier tends to localize are finely dispersed. For this reason, the formation of a dense coating film suppresses the intrusion of water into the coating film. Although expected, there has been a problem in the production method and practical use in reducing the particle size of the aqueous resin dispersions so far.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-133305 proposes a method in which resin dispersed particles are made into fine particles and close to a homogeneous system, but the one proposed in the same publication has a low hydrophilic critical micelle concentration as an emulsifier. Since it is used in a large amount, water resistance cannot be expected so much. In order to solve such a problem of using a large amount of emulsifier, JP-A-8-48705 proposes a copolymer latex having high polymerization stability by a seed polymerization method and a narrow particle size distribution. However, in the production, it is necessary to prepare seed particles in a separate reaction kettle, and there is a problem that the process is complicated and time-consuming. JP-A-9-302006 proposes a method for producing a polymer latex that is ultrafine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 50 nm and has a low emulsifier content. When it is extremely low and the solid content is low, there is a problem that economical efficiency is low and practicality is lacking. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-182706 proposes a method for producing a water-dispersed resin composition having a small particle size and a small amount of residual monomer. Water resistance cannot be expected because a large amount of water-soluble polymer is used.
[0004]
In addition, the aqueous resin dispersion is required not only for water resistance but also for blocking resistance depending on the application. Blocking refers to the phenomenon in which coatings adhere to each other when various objects to be coated, such as metal, wood, paper, plastic, and inorganic building materials coated with an aqueous resin dispersion, are stacked. Point to. If blocking occurs, the coating film will be damaged and the base material will be destroyed, so that the purpose of protecting the coated object and improving the aesthetics, which is the original purpose of painting, will not be achieved. The body needs blocking resistance. Since blocking tends to occur when the coating film is tacky, various studies have been conducted on aqueous resin dispersions that can provide a coating film with low tackiness in order to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion with blocking resistance. . For example, water-based resin dispersions for anti-blocking paints have been proposed in JP-A-63-22812, JP-A-63-53418, etc., but there is no description about water-resistance, and these The proposed aqueous resin dispersion does not take water resistance into consideration.
[0005]
As described above, the current state of the aqueous resin dispersion is that there is no satisfactory aqueous resin dispersion capable of forming a coating film having water resistance and blocking resistance. There is a demand for development of dispersions.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art in view of the actual situation of the aqueous resin dispersion, and to provide a practical aqueous resin dispersion capable of forming a coating film having excellent water resistance and blocking resistance. To provide a body.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above problems, the present inventors have conducted various studies to improve the conventional aqueous resin dispersion,
In order to obtain a water-resistant coating film with good water resistance and a highly practical aqueous resin dispersion, the particle diameter should be in a specific range and the solid content should be in a specific range. Important,
In order to impart blocking resistance to the coating film, the calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components used in the multi-stage emulsion polymerization in the multi-stage emulsion polymerization consisting of the initial polymerization and the subsequent multi-stage main polymerization is specified. Within the temperature range, the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component used in the first stage of the main polymerization is higher than a specific temperature difference than the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component used in the final stage. It is important that the softening temperature of the coating film by the aqueous resin dispersion obtained is higher than a specific temperature difference from the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component,
Further, the present inventors have found that the minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of the aqueous resin dispersion is higher than a specific temperature difference from the calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components, and reached the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the aqueous resin dispersion according to the present invention is
An aqueous resin dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization comprising initial polymerization and subsequent multi-stage main polymerization,
The calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components used in the emulsion polymerization is −10 to 40 ° C., and the calculated Tg of polymerizable monomer components used in the first stage of the main polymerization is used in the final stage. 40 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component obtained,
The aqueous resin dispersion has an average particle diameter of resin particles of 50 to 110 nm,
The solid content of the aqueous resin dispersion is 40 to 60% by weight,
The minimum film formation temperature (MFT) by the aqueous resin dispersion is higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component. 19 Shows a value higher than ℃,
The coating film of the aqueous resin dispersion shows a value whose softening temperature is 10 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component.
It is characterized by that.
[0009]
In the aqueous resin dispersion according to the present invention, the polymerizable monomer component is an esterified product of an alcohol having a cycloalkyl group and (meth) acrylic acid, an esterified product of a tertiary alcohol and (meth) acrylic acid, By containing at least one of a benzotriazole-based polymerizable monomer, a piperidine-based polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable monomer having an alkoxysilane group, and a benzophenone-based polymerizable monomer, the weather resistance is further improved. It is possible to form a coating film imparted with properties.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The aqueous resin dispersion according to the present invention is an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization by initial polymerization and subsequent multistage main polymerization.
Hereinafter, “polymerizable monomer” may be abbreviated as “monomer”, and “polymerizable monomer component” may be abbreviated as “monomer component”, respectively.
〔parameter〕
In the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention, the resin particles preferably have an average particle diameter in the range of 50 to 110 nm. If the size of the resin particles is less than the above range, agglomerates are likely to occur during polymerization, and if the size exceeds the above range, the coating film cannot have water resistance.
[0011]
The solid content contained in the aqueous resin dispersion is preferably in the range of 40 to 60% by weight. If the content of the solids, which are substantially resin particles, falls below the above range, the resulting aqueous resin dispersion becomes less economical, and if it exceeds the above range, aggregates are generated during polymerization. Cheap.
In the aqueous resin dispersion, when the resin particles have an average particle size in the above range and the solid content is in the above range, the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention has high practicality and water resistance. A coating film having excellent properties can be formed.
[0012]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention has a calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components used in emulsion polymerization, a calculated Tg of polymerizable monomer components used in the first stage of the main polymerization (represented by “Tg1”). Tg difference (Tg1−Tg2) between the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component used in the final stage (represented by “Tg2”), the softening temperature of the coating film by the aqueous resin dispersion, and the minimum filming temperature (MFT) ) Satisfy the following conditions.
[0013]
Here, the calculated Tg is the Tg (glass transition point) of the copolymer estimated from the following FOX equation.
1 / Tg = Σ (W n / Tg n ) / 100
The formula for FOX is monomer n Homopolymer consisting of n Tg of Tg n (K: absolute temperature) monomer 1 ~monomer n Are W 1 ~ W n The Tg of the copolymer consisting of% by weight indicates that it can be expressed by the above relational expression.
[0014]
The calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components is preferably −10 to 40 ° C. If the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component exceeds the above range, film formation failure such as cracking occurs in the resulting coating film, and if it is less than the above range, the adhesiveness becomes strong. Blocking resistance cannot be obtained.
The Tg difference (Tg1−Tg2) is preferably 40 ° C. or higher. That is, the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component used in the first stage of the main polymerization is preferably 40 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component used in the final stage. When the Tg difference (Tg1−Tg2) is less than the above range and becomes low, the resulting coating film becomes more tacky and blocking resistance cannot be obtained.
[0015]
The softening temperature is a temperature that is 10 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component. The minimum film formation temperature (MFT) is higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component. 19 The temperature is higher than ℃.
By selecting the calculated Tg and Tg difference (Tg1−Tg2) of all polymerizable monomer components within the above ranges, the softening temperature as an index of tackiness is not lowered, and the softening temperature is within the proper range. Therefore, blocking resistance can be imparted. Moreover, since the minimum film forming temperature is also in a proper range, sufficient film forming properties can be obtained.
[Polymerization method]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention is produced by emulsion polymerization, and this emulsion polymerization is composed of initial polymerization and subsequent main polymerization performed in multiple stages.
[0016]
Initial polymerization refers to polymerization initiated by first adding a polymerization initiator in a state where a part of the total polymerizable monomer component is mixed in an aqueous medium and an emulsifier. In the initial polymerization, 80% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more of the charged monomer component is polymerized to form nuclei of polymer particles. In the initial polymerization, the polymerization may be started from a simple mixed state of an aqueous medium, an emulsifier and a polymerizable monomer, or the polymerizable monomer may be emulsified by mechanical stirring and added as an emulsion.
[0017]
Although the usage-amount of the monomer component in initial stage polymerization is not specifically limited, It is 2 to 40 weight% with respect to the total usage of all the monomer components, Preferably it is 5 to 20 weight%. If the amount used for the initial polymerization is less than the above range, the particle diameter tends to be large, and if it exceeds the above range, the heat generation becomes difficult to control, which is not preferable. The monomer component for the initial polymerization may be the same as or different from the monomer component used in the first stage of the main polymerization.
[0018]
The main polymerization is performed in multiple stages after completion of the initial polymerization. Multi-stage polymerization means that 80% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more of the polymerizable monomer component used up to the previous stage is polymerized, and then the polymerizable monomer component is newly added to the next stage. It refers to a polymerization method for performing polymerization. In the main polymerization, a monomer component having a different composition and a different Tg is used in the first stage and the final stage of the multistage polymerization stage. As described above, the calculated Tg of the first-stage monomer component is higher than the calculated Tg of the final-stage monomer component, and the Tg difference (Tg1−Tg2) is 40 ° C. or more. The calculated Tg of each stage other than the first stage and the final stage of the main polymerization is not particularly limited, but is preferably not less than Tg of the last stage and not more than Tg of the first stage.
[0019]
The number of stages of the main polymerization is not particularly limited, but two or three stages are desirable in order to simplify the production process. In the case of two stages, the main polymerization is only the first stage and the final stage.
The monomer component addition method in the main polymerization may be a monomer component alone or a pre-emulsion, and methods such as batch addition, divided addition, and continuous dripping can be freely selected, and the addition method is determined at each stage of the main polymerization. They may be the same or different.
[0020]
The amount of monomer used in the first stage of the main polymerization is not particularly limited, but is selected in the range of 20 to 78% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight, based on the total amount used of all monomer components. If it is less than the above range, the blocking resistance is not exhibited, and if it exceeds the above range, the film formability is lowered. The amount of weight used in the final stage of the main polymerization is not particularly limited, but is selected in the range of 20 to 78% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight, based on the total amount of all monomer components. If it is less than the above range, the film formability is lowered, and if it exceeds the above range, the blocking resistance is lowered. For each stage other than the first stage and the final stage of the main polymerization, the amount excluding the amount of monomer used in the initial polymerization, the first stage and the final stage of the main polymerization can be arbitrarily allocated.
[0021]
The polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 to 95 ° C. The polymerization temperature may be constant or may be changed during the polymerization. The polymerization time is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the progress of the reaction, and is preferably in the range of 2 to 8 hours from the start to the end of the polymerization.
(Polymerizable monomer)
In order to obtain the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention, the calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components and the Tg difference between the polymerizable monomer components of the first stage and the final stage of the main polymerization are within the above-mentioned predetermined ranges, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to select other polymerizable monomers copolymerizable with each other.
[0022]
The main polymerizable monomers include (meth) methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, neopentyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, ) (Meth) acrylic acid esters synthesized by ester formation reaction of acrylic acid and alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyltoluene and α-methylstyrene; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate A vinyl ether such as methyl vinyl ether;
[0023]
As the polymerizable monomer having an acidic group, monovalent or polyvalent acid monomers, salts thereof and partially esterified products are used.
Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer having an acidic group include ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; and unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acids such as fumaric acid and itaconic acid. Monomers having carboxyl groups such as partially esterified products of ethylenically unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acids such as monoethyl maleate and monoethyl itaconate; sulfonic acid groups such as vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid and sulfo (meth) acrylate 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl acid phosphate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl acid phosphate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxy-3-chloropropyl acid phosphate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxy Acid phosphates such as ethylphenyl phosphate Mer; and the like. As the polymerizable monomer having an acidic group, only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Of the polymerizable monomers exemplified above, a monomer having a carboxyl group is preferable, and an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid such as methacrylic acid is more preferable.
[0024]
The ratio of the polymerizable monomer having an acidic group in the total polymerizable monomer component used is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the total polymerizable monomer component. Is preferable, and the range of 0.5 to 5% by weight is more preferable. If the proportion of monomers having acidic groups in the total polymerizable monomer component exceeds the above range and increases too much, the water resistance of the coating film decreases, and if less than the above range, the mechanical properties of the emulsion Since stability, such as stability and chemical stability, falls, it is not preferable.
[0025]
Examples of the polymerizable monomer having a functional group other than an acidic group include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and mono of (meth) acrylic acid and polypropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol. Monomers having a hydroxyl group such as esters and methyl α- (hydroxylmethyl) acrylate; Monomers having an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate; Monomers having a nitrile group such as (meth) acrylonitrile; Monomers having an amide group such as N-monomethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-monoethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide; dimethyl (meth) acrylate Aminoethyl, aminostyrene, etc. Monomers having an amino group; isopropenyl oxazoline monomer having other functional groups such as vinyl pyrrolidone; and the like.
[0026]
Polyfunctional polymerizable monomers include (meth) acrylic acid and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, etc. And polyhydric vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene; (meth) acrylic acid and allyl ester such as allyl (meth) acrylate; and the like.
[0027]
Other examples include monomers having halogen components such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, chlorostyrene, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, and perfluorooctylethyl (meth) acrylate.
In order to impart weather resistance to the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention, as a polymerizable monomer, a specific (meth) acrylic acid ester, a monomer capable of stabilizing UV rays, a single amount capable of absorbing UV rays It is preferable to use a monomer or a monomer having an alkoxylane group.
[0028]
Specifically, an esterified product of an alcohol having a cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, methyl cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclododecyl (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylic acid; (meth) acrylic An esterified product of tertiary alcohol such as t-butyl acid and (meth) acrylic acid; obtained by reacting 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone or 2,2 ′, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone with glycidyl (meth) acrylate Benzophenone series such as 2-hydroxy-4- [3- (meth) acryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy] benzophenone and 2,2′-dihydroxy-4- [3- (meth) acryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy] benzophenone And 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-( Methacryloyloxymethyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-(methacryloyloxy) Propyl] phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-(methacryloyloxyhexyl] phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5 '-(Methacryloyloxyethyl] phenyl] -2-benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-5'-t-butyl-3'-(methacryloyloxyethyl] phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2 '-Hydroxy-5'-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -5-chloro-2H- Nzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -5-methoxy-2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2′-hydroxy-5 ′-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -5-cyano-2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-5 '-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -5-t-butyl-2H-benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-5' -(Methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -5-t-butyl-2H-benzotriazole-based monomer such as benzotriazole-based monomer; 4- (meth) acryloyloxy-2,2 , 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4- (meth) acryloylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4 (Meth) acryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 4- (meth) acryloylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, 4-cyano-4- (meta ) Acryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1- (meth) acryloyl-4- (meth) acryloamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-crotoyloxy-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-crotoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1-crotoyl-4-crotoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, etc. Monomers having UV-stabilizing ability such as piperidine-based polymerizable monomers; vinyltrimethoxysilane, γ- (meth) acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane Monomers having an alkoxylane group such as allyltriethoxysilane and trimethoxysilylallylamine; and the like, and it is preferable to use at least one of these polymerizable monomers.
[Aqueous medium]
In the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer component, water is usually used as an aqueous medium, and a hydrophilic solvent such as a lower alcohol or a ketone can be used in combination as necessary. The amount of the aqueous medium used is used such that the solid content of the obtained aqueous resin dispersion falls within the above-mentioned predetermined range with respect to the amount of the above-mentioned total polymerizable monomer component used.
〔emulsifier〕
There are no particular limitations on the emulsifier, and for example, all surfactants such as anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and polymeric surfactants should be used. Can do. Furthermore, a polymerizable surfactant having one or more polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule can be used.
[0029]
Specific examples of the anionic surfactant include alkali metal alkyl sulfates such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and potassium dodecyl sulfate; ammonium alkyl sulfates such as ammonium dodecyl sulfate; sodium dodecyl polyglycol ether sulfate; sodium sulforicinoate Alkyl sulfonates such as alkali metal salts of sulfonated paraffins and ammonium salts of sulfonated paraffins; fatty acid salts such as sodium laurate, triethanolamine oleate, triethanolamine abiate; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkali phenol hydroxyethylene Alkyl aryl sulfonates such as alkali metal sulfates; High alkyl naphthalene sulfones Salts; naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate; dialkyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl sulfate salts and the like.
[0030]
Specific examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether; polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether; sorbitan fatty acid ester; polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester; fatty acid monoglyceride such as monolaurate of glycerol; An oxyethyleneoxypropylene copolymer; a condensation product of ethylene oxide and an aliphatic amine, amide or acid can be used.
[0031]
Specific examples of the polymer surfactant include polyvinyl alcohol; sodium poly (meth) acrylate, potassium poly (meth) acrylate, ammonium poly (meth) acrylate, polyhydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; Polyhydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; or a copolymer of two or more kinds of polymerizable monomers which are constituent units of these polymers, or a copolymer with other monomers. Moreover, since a phase transfer catalyst such as crown ethers exhibits surface activity, it may be used as a surfactant.
[0032]
Specific examples of the polymerizable surfactant include, for example, sodium propenyl-2-ethylhexylbenzenesulfosuccinate, sulfate of polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene alkylpropenyl ether sulfate ammonium salt, (meth) Anionic polymerizable surfactants such as those having a structure of a phosphoric acid ester of polyoxyethylene acrylate and a polyoxyethylene alkylaryl sulfate salt and having a polymerizability such as isopropenyl group and aryl group; polyoxy It has the structure of ethylene alkyl benzene ether (meth) acrylic acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (meth) acrylic acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, and isopropenyl group, aryl group, etc. Nonionic polymerizable surfactant such as those having a polymerizable thereof. The use of surfactants as these emulsifiers may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but considering the water resistance of the dried coating film from the aqueous resin dispersion A polymerizable surfactant is preferred.
[0033]
Although the usage-amount of an emulsifier is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 0.5 to 5 weight% with respect to the usage-amount of all the polymerizable monomer components, More preferably, it is 1-3 weight%. If the amount of the emulsifier used is too large, the water resistance of the coating film is lowered, and if it is too small, the resin particles tend to be large. Since the particle size of the resin is greatly influenced by the type of emulsifier, the amount used must be selected appropriately within the above range depending on the emulsifier used. The emulsifier can be used by appropriately distributing it to the initial polymerization and the main polymerization. However, in order to make the polymer fine particles, it is preferable to distribute 40 to 80% by weight of the total amount used for the initial polymerization.
(Polymerization initiator)
The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) · dihydrochloride, 4 Water-soluble azo compounds such as 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid); persulfates such as potassium persulfate; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide Thing; etc. are mentioned.
[0034]
The amount of the polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5%, based on the amount of the total polymerizable monomer component used. % By weight. When the amount of the polymerization initiator used is too large, the water resistance of the coating film is lowered. When the amount is too small, the polymerization rate is slowed and unreacted monomers are likely to remain. The polymerization initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In order to increase the polymerization rate, a reducing agent such as sodium hydrogen sulfite or a metal salt such as ferrous sulfate may be used in combination with the polymerization initiator as necessary.
[0035]
The addition of the polymerization initiator is preferably 40 to 100% by weight of the total amount used in the initial polymerization in order to make the resulting polymer particles fine, and the addition method is not particularly limited. For example, batch charging, Any method such as divided charging and continuous dripping may be used. In order to speed up the completion of the polymerization, a part of the polymerization initiator may be specially added before and after the completion of the dropwise addition of all the monomer components.
[Chain transfer agent]
In addition to the polymerization initiator during the polymerization, a chain transfer agent can be added as necessary. For example, a compound having a thiol group such as t-dodecyl mercaptan can be added.
〔Neutralizer〕
After completion of the polymerization, some or all of the acidic groups of the polymer having acidic groups may be neutralized with an alkaline substance, or may remain unneutralized.
[0036]
The neutralizing agent is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known neutralizing agents can be used. Specifically, for example, alkali metal compounds such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkaline earth metal compounds such as calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate; ammonia; monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine And water-soluble organic amines such as monopropylamine, dimethylpropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine. Only one kind of the basic compound may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination. The neutralizing agent is preferably a low boiling point amine such as aqueous ammonia or monoethanolamine in consideration of odor and water resistance.
〔Additive〕
As described above, the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention can impart weather resistance by using an ultraviolet-absorbing polymerizable monomer or an ultraviolet-stable polymerizable monomer as the polymerizable monomer. However, weather resistance can also be imparted by blending the obtained aqueous resin dispersion with a substance capable of absorbing ultraviolet light or a substance capable of stabilizing ultraviolet light. For example, a low molecular weight UV absorber or UV stabilizer having no polymerizable group may be added to the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention, or may be added together with the polymerizable monomer during polymerization of the aqueous resin dispersion. Alternatively, a high molecular weight water-soluble or water-dispersible resin obtained by polymerizing the above-described UV-absorbing monomer or UV-stable polymerizable monomer may be added.
[0037]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention may be used as it is, or a curing agent such as polyfunctional isocyanate or polyfunctional hydrazine may be added. Further, if necessary, further known additives such as film forming aids, pigments, dispersants, thickeners, preservatives, fillers, antistatic agents, matting agents and the like may be used. Also good.
[Use]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention can form a coating film having excellent water resistance and blocking resistance. Applications of the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention include coatings for buildings and building materials, particularly coating materials for factory coatings that require blocking resistance, protection of structures exposed to wind and rain, and water resistance of ceramics-based inorganic building materials, wood, paper, etc. Widely used in coating applications such as protection of low-performance substrates. The aqueous resin dispersion imparted with weather resistance is suitable for coating applications that require long-term aesthetic maintenance and substrate protection. Applications of the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention are not necessarily limited to applications that require blocking properties, and can be widely used for applications that require water resistance or weather resistance. Its use is not related to the presence or absence of pigments. Drying conditions can also be selected according to use from room temperature drying to heat drying.
[0038]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention can be used as a water resistance improver or blocking resistance improver by blending with other aqueous resin dispersions or water soluble resins. In addition, the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention can be effectively used in combination with a weather-resistant resin such as an acrylic resin, a urethane-based resin, a silicon-based resin, or a fluorine-based resin, or a corrosion-resistant resin such as an epoxy resin or an alkyd resin. It is.
[0039]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[Example 1]
In a flask equipped with a dropping funnel, a stirrer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, a thermometer and a reflux condenser, 826.9 g of deionized water, 28.8 g of 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) as an emulsifier and Aqualon 14.4 g of a 25% aqueous solution of RN-20 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was charged, and the temperature was raised to 75 ° C. with stirring while gently blowing nitrogen gas.
[0040]
In the reaction system maintained at 75 ° C., 13.4 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10, 6.7 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon RN-20, and 99. deionized water were prepared for the first stage of the main polymerization. 8 g, 310.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 112.5 g of butyl acrylate, 9.0 g of acrylic acid, and 579.9 g of pre-emulsion 569.9 g composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 18.0 g were added, and then 5% potassium persulfate aqueous solution 54 was added. 0.0 g was added to initiate the polymerization reaction. After the polymerization started, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. and maintained as it was for 10 minutes. This is the initial polymerization. At this time, it was confirmed from the solid content that 80% or more of the added monomer had reacted.
[0041]
The remaining 512.9 g of the pre-emulsion was uniformly added dropwise over 80 minutes to the reaction system that had been subjected to the initial polymerization and maintained at 80 ° C. After the dropping, the inside of the dropping funnel was washed with 20 g of deionized water, and the washing solution was added to the reaction system. Then, 80 degreeC was maintained for 30 minutes and the 1st step | paragraph of this superposition | polymerization was complete | finished. At this time, it was confirmed from the solid content that 80% or more of the added monomer had reacted.
[0042]
After completion of the first stage polymerization, a reaction system maintained at 80 ° C. was charged with 5.8 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10, 2.9 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon RN-20, 141.4 g of deionized water, methyl methacrylate ( MMA) 126.9 g, butyl acrylate (BA) 296.1 g, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 9.0 g, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) 18.0 g are uniformly added dropwise over 100 minutes. did. After the dropping, the inside of the dropping funnel was washed with 20 g of deionized water, and the washing solution was added to the reaction system. Thereafter, the polymerization was terminated by maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes.
[0043]
Next, the reaction system after completion of the main polymerization was cooled to 50 ° C., 7.1 g of 25% aqueous ammonia was added, and stirring was continued at the same temperature for 10 minutes. After further cooling to room temperature while continuing stirring, the reaction solution was filtered through a 100-mesh wire mesh to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion.
The obtained water-based resin dispersion was subjected to the following various tests. The results are shown in Table 1. In the table, the amount of each monomer component and emulsifier is shown as a ratio (parts by weight) to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of monomers used.
<Solid content>
1 g of the precisely weighed sample was dried in a hot air dryer at 110 ° C. for 60 minutes, and the ratio of the weight before drying was expressed in weight%, with the remaining amount of drying as solid content.
<Particle size>
The volume average particle size was measured using a particle size measuring device by dynamic light scattering method (NICOMP Model 370 manufactured by HIAC / ROYCO INSTRUMENTS DIVISION).
<Calculation Tg><Tgdifference>
Based on the Tg of the homopolymer of each monomer used for the polymerization, the FOX equation was used for calculation.
<MFT (minimum deposition temperature)>
The aqueous resin dispersion was coated on a glass plate placed on a thermal gradient tester with a 0.2 mm applicator, and then the temperature at which the coating film on the glass plate cracked was read. The film temperature was used.
<Softening temperature>
A release paper was affixed to a glass plate, and two pieces of gum tape were stacked (thickness: about 600 μm) to form a mold. The aqueous resin dispersion was poured into this mold and dried in a hot air dryer at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to produce a film having a thickness of about 200 μm. Using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA-50 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the softening temperature of the obtained film was measured at a load of 20 g and a heating rate of 5 ° C./min.
<Tack free test>
To 100 parts by weight of the aqueous resin dispersion, 5.8 parts by weight of a 75% aqueous solution of butyl cellosolve (film forming aid) was added to prepare a test solution for the sample. Using an applicator, this test solution was applied to a glass plate so that the film thickness after drying was about 60 μm, and this glass plate was dried in a hot air dryer at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a test plate. The obtained test plate was subjected to a tack-free test similar to the tack-free test of JIS K5400. The condition is an average load of about 70 g / cm in a hot air dryer at 40 ° C. 2 The pressing time was 10 minutes.
[0044]
The test results were classified by symbols as follows, and ◎, ○, and Δ were accepted.
◎: No gauze traces, ○: Inconspicuous gauze traces remain, △: Gauze traces remain slightly shallow, ×: Gauze traces remain clear and deep
<Water whitening test 1>
The test plate formed by coating the test solution on a glass plate in the same manner was immersed in deionized water and kept at room temperature for 7 days. The test plate subjected to a 7-day immersion test was visually observed to evaluate the degree of whitening. The test results were classified by symbols as follows, and ◎, ○, and Δ were accepted.
◎: No abnormality, ○: Slightly fluorescent, Δ: Fluorescent, ×: Whitening <Water whitening test 2>
After measuring the L value (L1) of the test plate formed by coating the test solution on the aluminum plate in the same manner using a color difference meter, the test plate was immersed in deionized water and held at room temperature for 7 days. . The test plate subjected to the immersion test for 7 days was pulled up from the water and wiped off the moisture, and then the L value (L2) was measured. The whitening degree ΔL is indicated by (L2−L1), and the numerical range of ΔL is divided by symbols as described below to evaluate the whitening degree of the film. ◎, ○ and △ were regarded as acceptable.
◎: Less than 2, ○: 2 or more and less than 5, Δ: 5 or more and less than 10, x: 10 or more
<Water absorption rate>
A test plate on which a film was formed by applying the test solution was precisely weighed (W1) to obtain an initial weight. A test plate having a weight W1 was immersed in deionized water and held at room temperature for 7 days, and then the absorbed test plate was pulled up from the water, wiped off the moisture, and accurately weighed (W2). The water absorption, (W2-W1) * 100 / W1, was determined from the change in weight before and after the immersion, and the range of the water absorption was classified by symbols as follows, and ◎, ○, and Δ were accepted.
◎: Less than 5%, ○: 5% or more and less than 7.5%, Δ: 7.5% or more and less than 10%, ×: 10% or more
[Example 2] to [Example 21], [Comparative Example 1] to [Comparative Example 7]
By changing the monomer and the emulsifier and the combination thereof in Example 1, aqueous resin dispersions having different compositions were obtained by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 5 together with Example 1.
[0045]
The monomers and emulsifiers used are indicated by the following abbreviations in the table.
Monomer; MMA: methyl methacrylate, n-BMA: n-butyl methacrylate, i-BMA: i-butyl methacrylate, t-BMA: t-butyl methacrylate, CHMA: cyclohexyl methacrylate, BA: butyl acrylate, 2EHA: 2- Ethylhexyl acrylate, n-OA: n-octyl acrylate, St: styrene, AA: acrylic acid, MAA: methacrylic acid, HEMA: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, GMA: glycidyl methacrylate, HALS: ADK STAB LA-87 (manufactured by Asahi Denka) , UVA: RUVA-93 (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical)
Emulsifier; A: Mixture of AQUALON HS-10 / AQUALON RN-20 = 2/1, B: AQUALON HS-10, C: Laterum S-180A (manufactured by Kao), D: Eleminor JS-2 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical), E: Eleminol RS-30 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical), F: Haitenol N-08 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku), G: Haitenol 18E (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku), H: Lebenol WZ (Kao)
[0046]
[Table 1]
[0047]
[Table 2]
[0048]
[Table 3]
[0049]
[Table 4]
[0050]
[Table 5]
[0051]
[Example 22]
In a flask equipped with a dropping funnel, a stirrer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, a thermometer and a reflux condenser, 826.9 g of deionized water, 28.8 g of 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku) as an emulsifier and Aqualon RN-20 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) 25% aqueous solution 14.4g, methyl methacrylate 64.8g, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 19.8g, acrylic acid 5.4g was charged and stirred while gently blowing nitrogen gas. When the temperature was raised to 75 ° C., 54.0 g of a 5% potassium persulfate aqueous solution was added to initiate polymerization. After the start of polymerization, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. and maintained for 10 minutes. This is the initial polymerization. At this time, it was confirmed that 80% or more of the added monomer had reacted.
[0052]
After the initial polymerization and maintained at 80 ° C., 13.4 g of 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10, 6.7 g of 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon RN-20, 99.8 g of deionized water, 260.1 g of methyl methacrylate, A first pre-emulsion composed of 78.3 g of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 3.6 g of acrylic acid, and 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was uniformly added dropwise over 80 minutes. After the dropping, the inside of the dropping funnel was washed with 20 g of deionized water, and the washing solution was added to the reaction system. Then, 80 degreeC was maintained for 30 minutes and the 1st step | paragraph of this superposition | polymerization was complete | finished. At this time, it was confirmed that 80% or more of the added monomer had reacted.
[0053]
After completion of the first stage polymerization, the reaction system maintained at 80 ° C. was charged with 5.8 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon HS-10, 2.9 g of a 25% aqueous solution of Aqualon RN-20, 141.4 g of deionized water, 170 of methyl methacrylate. 0.1 g of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 252.9 g, acrylic acid 3.6 g, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 9.0 g of the second pre-emulsion were uniformly added dropwise over 100 minutes. After completion of dropping, the polymerization was maintained at 80 ° C. for 60 minutes to complete the main polymerization.
[0054]
Next, the reaction system was cooled to 50 ° C., 7.1 g of 25% aqueous ammonia was added, and stirring was continued for 10 minutes at the same temperature. After further cooling to room temperature while continuing stirring, the reaction solution was filtered through a 100-mesh wire mesh to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion.
The obtained aqueous resin dispersion was subjected to the above various tests and the following accelerated weather resistance test. The results are shown in Table 6.
<Accelerated weather resistance test>
A white paint comprising the following was prepared using an aqueous resin dispersion. The composition of the white paint is given in parts by weight.
[0055]
The white paint was applied to an aluminum plate using an applicator so that the film thickness after drying was about 60 μm, and dried in a hot air dryer at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes. About the test board which formed the coating film of the white paint, after measuring glossiness, the accelerated weather resistance test was done using test apparatus UVCON (UC-1 type | mold make Toyo Seiki Seisakusho). As test conditions, ultraviolet irradiation at 70 ° C. for 4 hours and wet 50 ° C. for 4 hours were alternately repeated, and the gloss of the test plate was measured after 1000 hours. The weather resistance was evaluated based on the gloss retention ratio before the test. The gloss retention after 1000 hours of the test was divided into the following four stages, and a gloss retention of 70% or more was regarded as acceptable.
◎: 90% or more, ○: 80% or more and less than 90%, Δ: 70% or more and less than 80%, ×: less than 70%
[Example 23] to [Example 31]
By changing the monomer, the emulsifier and the combination thereof in Example 22, aqueous resin dispersions having different compositions were obtained in the same manner as in Example 22. The results are shown in Tables 6 to 7 together with Example 22.
[0056]
The monomers and emulsifiers used are indicated by the following abbreviations in the table.
Monomer; MMA: methyl methacrylate, t-BMA: t-butyl methacrylate, 2EHA: 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, AA: acrylic acid, HEMA: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, GMA: glycidyl methacrylate, HALS: methacryloyloxy-2, 2,4,4-tetramethylpiperidine (trade name; Adekastab LA-87, manufactured by Asahi Denka), UVA: 2- [2-hydroxy-5- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) phenyl] -2H-1,2,3 -Benzotriazole (trade name; RUVA-93 manufactured by Otsuka Chemical), MPTMS: γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (trade name; SZ-6030 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone)
Emulsifier; A: Mixture of AQUALON HS-10 / AQUALON RN-20 = 2/1
[0057]
[Table 6]
[0058]
[Table 7]
[0059]
【effect】
By using the aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention, a coating film having excellent water resistance and blocking resistance can be formed. The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention is used for coatings such as paints for indoor and outdoor factory coating, protection of structures exposed to wind and rain, protection of ceramics-based inorganic building materials, wood, paper, and other low water resistance substrates. Can be widely used.
Claims (2)
前記乳化重合に用いられる全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは−10〜40℃であると共に、本重合の第一段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgは、最終段に用いられる重合性単量体成分の計算Tgより40℃以上高く、
水性樹脂分散体は樹脂粒子の平均粒子径が50〜110nmであり、
水性樹脂分散体の固形分含有量は40〜60重量%であり、
水性樹脂分散体による最低成膜温度(MFT)は前記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも19℃以上高い値を示し、
水性樹脂分散体の塗膜はその軟化温度が前記全重合性単量体成分の計算Tgよりも10℃以上高い値を示す、
ことを特徴とする、水性樹脂分散体。An aqueous resin dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization comprising initial polymerization and subsequent multi-stage main polymerization,
The calculated Tg of all polymerizable monomer components used in the emulsion polymerization is −10 to 40 ° C., and the calculated Tg of polymerizable monomer components used in the first stage of the main polymerization is used in the final stage. 40 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the polymerizable monomer component obtained,
The aqueous resin dispersion has an average particle diameter of resin particles of 50 to 110 nm,
The solid content of the aqueous resin dispersion is 40 to 60% by weight,
The minimum film formation temperature (MFT) by the aqueous resin dispersion shows a value that is 19 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component,
The coating film of the aqueous resin dispersion shows a value whose softening temperature is 10 ° C. or more higher than the calculated Tg of the total polymerizable monomer component.
An aqueous resin dispersion characterized by the above.
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| JP5255213B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2013-08-07 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Ultraviolet absorbing resin composition and laminate using the ultraviolet absorbing resin composition |
| US8067513B2 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-11-29 | Ethox Chemicals Llc | Styrenated phenol ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization |
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