JP3664586B2

JP3664586B2 - Method and apparatus for metal recovery from solid waste

Info

Publication number: JP3664586B2
Application number: JP17929898A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 千秋泉川; 孝治松田; 義勝松田; 寿佐々木
Original assignee: Dowa Holdings Co Ltd; Dowa Mining Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dowa Holdings Co Ltd
Priority date: 1998-06-25
Filing date: 1998-06-25
Publication date: 2005-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2018-06-25
Also published as: JP2000005702A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は固形廃棄物からの金属回収方法に関し、特に、ワイヤー、ケーブル、端子類、電子部品等の電子機器廃棄物およびそのシュレッダーダストのような細かい粒群の固形廃棄物に含まれる金属の回収方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
廃自動車、廃家電製品、廃電子機器製品、および建設廃材等の固形廃棄物を材料別でみると、鉄系金属、非鉄系金属、プラスチック、セラミックス等によるいろいろな部材が使われている。これらのいろいろな材料による部材はまたいろいろな形で接合化され、複合化されている。このような部材からなる固形廃棄物をシュレッダー処理にかけて得られるシュレッダーダストおよび選別残渣あるいはその焼却残渣について、磁力選別、比重差選別または風力選別等物理選別により比較的再資源化が容易な金属類を回収する試みはなされている（特開平９−７５８５３号公報）。
【０００３】
しかし、上記の焼却され破砕乃至粉砕された固形廃棄物には、鉄系金属や非鉄系金属が非金属類と共に塊状のものから集塵ダストのような非常に細かい粒群のものまで非常に広い粒度範囲にわたって含まれているにもかかわらず、従来の分別方法によれば固形廃棄物からの金属回収は殆ど粗い粒群のものに限られ、細かい粒群のものについては全く再資源化が図られていない状況にあった。このような状況から、本発明者等においては、先に、固形廃棄物を焼却破砕後、粗い粒群からシュレッダーダストのような細かい粒群までにわたり、鉄系金属材や銅および鉛−亜鉛等の非鉄系金属材とその他の非金属材料との分別を進めることによって、鉄系金属材料を回収すると共に銅および鉛−亜鉛等非鉄系金属材料をそのまま製錬工程に導入可能な状態で回収してその再資源化を図ることを目的として、物理選別による効率的な固形廃棄物からの金属回収方法およびその装置について特許出願を行っている（特願平１０−７４８８７号）。
【０００４】
即ち、この先行発明は、図２の固形廃棄物からの金属回収のフローシートに示すように、予め予備振動篩２１や吊下げ磁選機２２によって粗い塊状または長手状の金属材を除いた焼却残渣による固形廃棄物を粉砕機２３によって粉砕または解砕して振動篩２４で篩分する工程と、前記振動篩２４の篩上粒体から常磁力磁選機２５を用いて鉄系金属からなる磁着物粒体を回収する工程と、高磁力磁選機２６を用いて該磁着物粒体を回収した後の残物からステンレス鋼等の弱磁性物粒体を回収する工程と、渦電流選別機２７を用いて該弱磁性物粒体を回収した後の残物から銅・アルミニウム産物粒体を回収する工程と、形状分離機２８を用いて該銅・アルミニウム産物粒体を回収した後の残物から偏平状の非鉄金属粒体を回収する工程と、該非鉄金属粒体を回収した後の残物をジグ選別機２９を用いて金属粒体と非金属粒体に分別して回収する工程と、前記振動篩２４の篩下粉粒体から湿式磁選機３０により鉄系金属からなる磁着物粉粒体を回収する工程と、該磁着物粉粒体を回収した後の残物を揺動選別機３１を用いて非鉄金属粉粒体と非金属粉粒体に分別して回収する工程とからなるところの固形廃棄物からの金属回収方法およびそのための装置に関するものである。なお、揺動選別機３１からの非金属粉粒体については沈降槽３２と濾過機３３によって回収し、管理型最終処分場に蓄積するようにしている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の先行発明により、本発明者等は細かい粒群からの金属特に銅系非鉄金属の回収にかなりの成果を得たものであるが、上記の金属回収方法とその装置による廃電子機器製品や廃家電製品等固形廃棄物からの金属特に銅系金属の回収処理において、なおも細かい粒群からなる非金属廃棄物中に混在して廃棄処分される銅等有用金属分が少なからずあるという問題が残されていた。また、前記の細かい粒群からなる非金属廃棄物の水媒体方式による分別処理において、混在金属類によると思われる液送ポンプの詰まりが問題となっていた。
即ち、本発明は、このような問題に鑑み、廃電子機器製品、廃家電製品等のシュレッダーダスト、焼却灰等の固形廃棄物をさらに強化された物理選別で、非鉄系金属材と鉄系金属材と非金属材との効率的な分別を図り、特に製錬工程への導入が容易な銅等非鉄系金属材料の回収率を向上させ、且つ、上記の液送ポンプの詰まり等作業上のトラブルを解消することを目的とするものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、固形廃棄物をそのまま、または粉砕もしくは解砕して得られた粉粒体について粒度および性状により選別手段を選択して物理的分別を進める金属回収法において、固形廃棄物をそのまま、または粉砕もしくは解砕して得られた粉粒体を長穴の篩目をもつ長穴篩で篩分した後、得られた篩下粉粒体を角穴または丸穴の篩目をもつ角穴篩または丸穴篩で篩分して金属粒体からなる篩上粒体を回収する工程を備えることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、また、固形廃棄物をそのまま、または粉砕もしくは解砕して得られた粉粒体をさらに摩砕した後、前記工程に供することを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、また、前記角穴篩または丸穴篩の篩目が０．５〜５ｍｍであり、且つ、前記長穴篩の篩目は短辺が０．５〜５ｍｍで長辺が５〜１００ｍｍであることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、そしてまた、前記長穴篩の篩目は２×６０ｍｍであり、且つ、前記角穴篩または丸穴篩の篩目は３ｍｍであることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を提供する。
さらに、本発明は、(1) 固形廃棄物をそのまま、または粉砕もしくは解砕して得られた粉粒体を長穴の篩目をもつ長穴篩で篩分する工程と、(2) 前記(1) の長穴篩の篩分で得た篩上粒体から鉄系金属からなる磁着物粒体を回収する工程と、(3) 前記(2) の磁着物粒体を回収した後の残物からステンレス鋼等の弱磁性物粒体を回収する工程と、(4) 前記(3) の弱磁性物粒体を回収した後の残物から銅およびアルミニウム産物粒体を回収する工程と、(5) 前記(4) の銅およびアルミニウム産物粒体を回収した後の残物から偏平状の非鉄金属粒体を回収する工程と、(6) 前記(5) の非鉄金属粒体を回収した後の残物を金属粒体と非金属粒体に分別して回収する工程と、(7) 前記(1) の長穴篩で篩分して得た篩下粉粒体を角穴または丸穴の篩目を持つ角穴篩または丸穴篩で篩分して金属粒体からなる篩上粒体を回収する工程と、(8) 前記(7) の角穴篩または丸穴篩で篩分して得た篩下粉粒体から鉄系金属からなる磁着物粉粒体を回収する工程と、(9) 前記(8) の磁着物粉粒体を回収した後の残物を非鉄金属粉粒体と非金属粉粒体に分別して回収する工程とからなることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、また、固形廃棄物をそのまま、または粉砕もしくは解砕して得られた粉粒体をさらに摩砕した後前記長穴篩で篩分することを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、また、前記角穴篩または丸穴篩は篩目が０．５〜５ｍｍであり、且つ、前記長穴篩は短辺が０．５〜５ｍｍで長辺が５〜１００ｍｍであることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を、さらにまた、前記長穴篩の篩目は２×６０ｍｍで、且つ、前記角穴篩または丸穴篩は篩目が３ｍｍであることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収法を提供する。
【０００７】
そしてまた、本発明は、(1) 固形廃棄物を粉砕または解砕する粉砕機と、(2) 該粉砕機によって得られた粉粒体を篩分する長穴の篩目を有する長穴振動篩と、(3) 該長穴振動篩による篩分で得られた篩上粒体から磁着物粒体を分離して回収する常磁力磁選機と、(4) 前記(3) の磁着物粒体を回収した後の残物からステンレス鋼等の弱磁性物粒体を分離して回収する高磁力磁選機と、(5) 前記(4) の弱磁性物粒体を回収した後の残物から銅およびアルミニウム産物粒体を分離して回収する形状分離機と、(6) 前記(5) の銅およびアルミニウム産物粒体を回収した後の残物から偏平状の非鉄金属粒体を分離して回収する形状分離機と、(7) 前記(6) の非鉄金属粒体を回収した後の残物を金属粒体と非金属粒体に分別して回収するジグ選別機と、(8) 前記(2) の長穴振動篩の篩分により得られた篩下粉粒体から金属粒体からなる篩上粒体を回収する角穴振動篩または丸穴振動篩と、(9) 前記(8) の角穴振動篩または丸穴振動篩の篩分により得られた篩下粉粒体から磁着物粉粒体を分離して回収する湿式磁選機と、(10)前記(9) の磁着物粉粒体を回収した後の残物を重量物としての非鉄金属粉粒体と軽量物としての非金属粉粒体とに分別して回収する揺動選別機とを備えてなることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収装置を、また、前記粉砕機により粉砕もしくは解砕された、または発生したままの前記固形廃棄物をさらに摩砕する摩砕機を備えることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収装置を、また、前記角穴振動篩または丸穴振動篩は篩目が０．５〜５ｍｍであり、且つ、前記長穴振動篩は篩目の短辺が０．５〜５ｍｍで長辺が５〜１００ｍｍであることを特徴とする固形廃棄物からの金属回収装置を、さらにまた、前記長穴振動篩の篩目が２×６０ｍｍであり、且つ、前記角穴振動篩または丸穴振動篩の篩目が３ｍｍである固形廃棄物からの金属回収装置を提案する。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、ワイヤー、ケーブル、端子類、電子部品を含む電子機器製品等には銅系非鉄金属が多く含まれ、その廃棄物およびそのシュレッダーダストのような固形廃棄処理物の細かい粒群には、小穴篩を通り抜ける粒状あるいは線状の非鉄系有用金属が多いことに着目してなされたものであり、上記の非常に広い範囲の粒群の固形廃棄物を、好ましくはそれら固形廃棄物を予備篩で篩分して得られた篩下残渣を対象とし、この篩下残渣を必要であれば粉砕機により粉砕し、さらに、篩で篩上粒体と篩下粉粒体に分別し、粒度および性状により選別手段を選択して物理的分別濃縮化を進める金属回収法およびその装置において、前記篩下粉粒体を前記粉砕機により粉砕または解砕して金属分と非金属分との分別を容易にすると共に好ましくはさらに摩砕機により摩擦作用を加えた粉砕を行って伸びのある非鉄系金属粉粒体の偏平化乃至線状化を促進させた後、前記篩として長穴篩を用いて篩分するものである。
【０００９】
この長穴篩を通り抜ける長穴篩下粉粒体については、さらに、通常の角穴篩または丸穴篩により分別することにより、偏平化された銅等非鉄系金属を濃縮した角穴篩上粒体を回収することができ、これにより、非金属粉体中に混在して廃棄される金属特に非鉄系金属の回収が図れ、その回収率を高めることができる。
角穴篩および丸穴篩の篩目は作業性および金属の回収率の点から、それぞれ０．５〜５ｍｍ（０．５×０．５ｍｍ〜５×５ｍｍ）および０．５〜５ｍｍ径である。また、同様に作業性および金属回収率の点から長穴篩の篩目は短辺が０．５〜５ｍｍで、長辺は前記角穴篩または丸穴篩の篩目より十分に長い寸法を必要とし５〜１００ｍｍが好ましい。そして、長穴篩の篩目が２×６０ｍｍの場合、前記角穴の好ましい篩目は３ｍｍである。この場合、例えば、５９×５９ｍｍの面積を有する偏平状金属は、厚さが２ｍｍ以下であれば長穴篩を通過できるが、３ｍｍ角穴篩によって容易に通過が阻止されることになる。
【００１０】
なお、固形廃棄物の粉砕または解砕には、ジョークラッシャー、ハンマーミル、ケージミル、ボールミル等任意の粉砕機や解砕機が使用できる。また摩砕作用を行う粉砕機即ち被粉砕物に圧縮、衝撃等の力を加えることによって摩擦的に破砕または粉砕する摩砕機として、２つのローラ間に被粉砕物をかみこんで圧縮と摩擦力を作用させるロールクラッシャー、回転円筒内にボールを収納して比較的低速の回転運動によって摩砕作用を行うボールミル、同様に回転円筒内にロッドを収納するロッドミル等が使用される。本発明では、このような摩砕機を使用することにより、金属特に伸びのある銅等非鉄系金属の偏平化および線状化を促進させ、さらに長穴篩と角穴篩または丸穴篩とを組み合わせることにより金属捕捉性を高めることができたものである。なお、摩砕に先行する粉砕または解砕により摩擦力を利かせた摩砕作用が行われ、金属粒体の十分な偏平化乃至線状化が行われるのであれば、第２段階の摩砕は必要でない。
【００１１】
即ち、本発明では、前記長穴篩による長穴篩下粉粒子をさらに角穴篩または丸穴篩で篩別した角穴（丸穴）篩上粒体はそのまま非鉄系金属回収物として製錬工程への混用原料とし、さらに、角穴（丸穴）篩下粉粒体は、磁気的性質を利用して鉄系金属を、また、比重差を利用して銅等の非鉄系金属とガラス等非金属類とに分別することにより、含有する有用金属を効率的に回収できる。また、前記長穴篩の長穴篩上粒体においては、従来処理工程に従って、磁気的性質を利用して鉄系金属を、電気的性質を利用してアルミニウム系および／または銅系金属を、形状の違いを利用して銅系金属および／またはステンレス鋼を回収し、また、比重差を利用して鉛・亜鉛等非鉄系金属とガラス・セラミックス等非金属類とに分別することができる。
以下、図１の廃電子機器製品を含む固形廃棄物からの金属回収工程を示すフローシートを参照し、固形廃棄物としてのシュレッダーダストをロータリーキルンで焼却して得た焼却残渣を対象に、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
【００１２】
焼却残渣を篩分する予備振動篩１は次工程以降のトラブルを防ぐためのものであるが、その篩目は、一般的に採用される機器類を想定すれば、２０〜５０ｍｍが好ましい。
シュレッダーダストの焼却残渣には塊状あるいは長手状の鉄材乃至銅材を含むものが多く、篩目２０ｍｍ（２０×２０ｍｍ）の予備振動篩１に供給することにより、２０ｍｍ篩上残渣として金属単味のものまたは単味に近いものを篩別でき、手選別により容易に銅系金属産物を回収することができる。また、この２０ｍｍ篩上残渣は図示しない通常の吊下げ磁選機に供給し、鉄を主体とする鉄系金属による磁着物残渣と銅その他を含む非鉄系金属による非磁着性残渣とに分別して回収することができる。磁着物残渣は鉄スクラップとして回収されて市場に供され、非磁着物残渣からは手選別により製錬工程用原料となる銅産物を容易に回収することができる。
【００１３】
２０ｍｍ篩下残渣には鉄、銅、アルミニウム等が複合的に混在するが、長手状の鉄片がこの２０ｍｍ振動篩を通って次工程以降においてトラブルを引き起こす場合があり、その防止のため吊下げ磁選機２にかけて磁着物を回収する。非磁着物については、ロッドミルやボールミル等粉砕機３に供給して摩擦力を利用した粉砕を行う。得られた粉粒体は篩目２×６０ｍｍの長穴振動篩４に供給して分別する。
粉砕機３は金属分と非金属分との分別を容易にすると共に金属分のうち、特に伸びのある銅等非鉄系金属の一層の偏平化を促進し、長穴振動篩４と後記の角穴（丸穴）振動篩５を利用して他の鉄系金属や非金属類からの分別の効率化を図ることができる。長穴振動篩４は、打抜き加工による長円形篩目あるいは類似の楕円形篩目のものであってもよく、その篩目寸法は長方形篩目に準じて容易に設定できる。
【００１４】
長穴篩上粒体は鉄系および銅系の金属を多く含むので、まず、１５００〜２０００ガウスの常磁力磁選機６によって鉄系金属が大部分を占める磁着物粒体を分離回収し、次いで、この磁着物粒体を回収した後の残物即ち非磁着物粒体は６０００〜７０００ガウスの磁力を備える高磁力磁選機７に供給し、ステンレス鋼等の弱磁性物粒体を分離回収する。
この弱磁性物粒体を回収した後の残物即ち非弱磁性物粒体については、渦電流選別機８に供給することにより、渦電流による磁気反発力を利用して比重の小さいアルミニウム分の他銅系金属をも含む導電性の銅・アルミ産物粒体を分離し回収することができる。
【００１５】
さらに、銅・アルミ産物粒体を回収した後の残物即ち非銅・アルミ産物粒体は、形状分離機９にかけて偏平状銅系金属粒体の他、前記高磁力磁選機７に磁着しなかったステンレス鋼をも含む偏平状非鉄金属粒体を分離回収し、銅製錬工程等に混用原料として供給する。この形状分離機９は０〜４０°に傾けて粒体を搬送するベルトコンベアで粒子をその搬送中に粒子の比重差や形状差及び形状に基づく摩擦の差によって偏平状の銅等非鉄金属粒体を容易に分別するものである。
次いで、残物即ち非偏平金属粒体を垂直筒内に上昇水流を流したジグ選別機１０に導入することにより、比重差を利用してガラス・セラミックス類を主体とする軽量の非金属類から、これまで分離しきれなかった重量のある金属粒体を分別し回収することができる。この金属粒体には、銅、鉛、亜鉛が含まれており、混用原料として製錬工程に供給する。
【００１６】
なお、上記の渦電流選別機８から形状分離機９に続く工程順序は磁着しない偏平なステンレス鋼片が多く含まれる場合に有効で、銅・アルミ産物粒体からステンレス鋼をなるべく除きたい場合に用いる。また、銅とアルミニウムの分離は必要あれば、後工程で比重差を利用した方法によって行う。逆に、含まれるステンレス鋼が無視できる程度に少量であれば、上記の両工程の渦電流選別機８と形状分離機９の順序を入れ替えて、弱磁性物粒体を回収した後の非弱磁性物粒体から形状分離機９により銅粒体を主に回収し、引き続き渦電流選別機８に供給してアルミニウム粒体を回収するという変形操業を行うことができる。この場合、後工程での銅とアルミニウムの分離は必要がなくなる。
【００１７】
一方、前記の篩目２×６０ｍｍの長穴振動篩４における長穴篩下粉粒体は焼却残渣の大部分を占めるものであるが、成分としても、銅、鉛、亜鉛およびアルミニウム等非鉄系金属を多く含んでいる。この長穴振動篩４を通過した長穴篩下粉粒体はさらに篩目３ｍｍ（３×３ｍｍ）の角穴（または３ｍｍ径の丸穴）振動篩５にかけることにより、粉砕乃至摩砕により偏平化または線状化された銅分の高い非鉄系金属片を角穴（丸穴）篩上粒体として効率的に回収することができる。篩目３ｍｍの角穴振動篩５を通過した角穴篩下粉粒体は微粉状態のものを多く含み、且つ、前工程の粉砕機や振動篩等で水分を含むようになるため水媒体方式の処理を利用する。また、この水媒体方式は処理量が多い場合の処理においても有利である。即ち、角穴篩下粉粒体はまず湿式磁選機１１に供給して磁選する。なお、この角穴篩下粉粒体は角穴振動篩５により偏平状乃至線状金属片の多くが除かれているものであって、このことによって液送ポンプ特にこの角穴篩下粉体を湿式磁選機１１に送るポンプの詰まりが好適に防止されることになった。前記湿式磁選機１１によって分別される鉄系金属を含む磁着物粉粒体は少量であるが、残物即ち非磁着物粉粒体はスパイラル分級機（エーキンス）に導入し、比較的重い粗粉粒体と比較的軽い微粉粒体とに分級する。スパイラル分級機でかき上げられた粗粉粒体の方は引き続き揺動選別機１２に供給する。揺動選別機１２は、導入した非磁着物粉粒体に水を供給してテーブルの揺動により、比重差選別を行うもので、この揺動選別機１２により前記角穴振動篩５によって回収できなかった重量物として銅を主体とする非鉄金属粉粒体が回収できる。
【００１８】
揺動選別機１２から軽量物として分離された非金属粉粒体はさらに沈降槽１３に供給された後、沈殿物として回収される。この沈殿物はガラス・セラミックス等非金属物を主体とし金属回収には不適当であって、管理型最終処分場に蓄積する。沈降槽１３からの溢流物はさらにフィルタープレス等濾過機１４により濾過回収される。その濾滓は非金属粉粒体であり管理型最終処分場に蓄積する。
即ち、本発明の固形廃棄物からの金属回収方法によれば、シュレッダーダストのような細かい粒群においても、鉄系金属即ち磁性物粉粒体が回収され、また、アルミニウムを高い比率で含むアルミニウム滓が回収されると共に、非鉄製錬工程に導入可能な程度に銅、鉛、亜鉛が濃縮された非鉄系金属粉粒体がガラスやセラミックス等非金属類からさらに高い比率の量で分離できる。
【００１９】
【実施例】
〔実施例〕
以下、シュレッダーダストをロータリーキルンで焼却した焼却残渣について図１のフローシートの方法及び装置に従って処理し、金属分の分布及び回収状況を調査した。
即ち、表１に示す成分のシュレッダーダストの焼却残渣を篩目２０ｍｍの予備振動篩１に供給して篩分した。次いで、２０ｍｍ篩上残渣について手選別により銅産物を選別した。残渣は殆ど鉄系金属からなっていた。２０ｍｍ篩下残渣は、１７００ガウスの吊下げ磁選機２に供給して磁着物を分離した後、その非磁着物を粉砕機３即ちボールミルで粉砕し、その粉粒体を篩目２×６０ｍｍの長穴振動篩４で篩分した。なお、ボールミルは摩砕作用をも有するので、摩砕工程は省略してある。
【００２０】
長穴篩上粒体は２７００ガウスの常磁力磁選機６にかけて磁着物粒体を回収し、この残物即ち非磁着物粒体は６５００ガウスの高磁力磁選機７に供給してステンレス鋼粒を含む弱磁性物粒体を回収した後、その残物即ち非弱磁性物粒体を３５００ガウスの渦電流選別機８に投入し、導電性の銅・アルミ産物粒体を回収した。さらに、残物即ち非銅・アルミ産物粒体を形状分離機９に供給し、形状の相違を利用して銅分を主とする偏平金属粒体を回収した。残物即ち非偏平金属粒体はさらに、ジグ選別機１０に供給することにより、金属粒体とガラスやセラミッスクス等の非金属粒体とに分別して回収した。
【００２１】
一方、長穴篩下粉粒体については、篩目３ｍｍの角穴振動篩５にかけて銅含有量の高い非鉄系金属を含む角穴篩上粒体を回収した。角穴篩下粉粒体は１５００ガウスの湿式磁選機１１に供給し、磁着物粉粒体を回収した。分別された残物即ち非磁着物粉粒体は揺動選別機１２に供給して重量物として非鉄金属粉粒体を回収した。揺動選別機１２から軽量物として回収した非金属粉粒体は沈降槽１３に導入して沈殿物としてガラス等非金属の沈殿物を得、沈降槽１３からの溢流物は濾過機１４即ちフィルタープレスに供給して濾滓としてガラス等非金属粉粒体を得た。
上記の回収物について、銅、鉛、亜鉛、鉄及びアルミニウムの分析成分を焼却残渣の分析成分と共に表１に示した。なお、角穴篩上粒体と揺動選別による非鉄金属粉粒体とを合体した場合の成分値をも表示した。
【００２２】
【表１】

【００２３】
また、焼却残渣の処理量を１００％とした場合の各回収物における量分布割合と、焼却残渣の成分量を１００％とした場合の各回収物における成分分布割合を表２に示した。なお、角穴篩上粒体と揺動選別による非鉄金属粉粒体とを合体した場合の分布割合をも表示した。
【００２４】
【表２】

【００２５】
〔比較例〕
上記の実施例に対する比較例として、図２に示した従来の処理工程に従って実施例の場合と同一の焼却残渣による固形廃棄物の処理を行い、その回収物について金属成分とその分布状況を調査した。
２０ｍｍ振動篩（予備振動篩）２１による２０ｍｍ篩上残渣からは手選別により銅産物を選別し、２０ｍｍ篩下残渣については吊下げ磁選機２２にかけて磁着物を分別し、非磁着物をボールミルによる粉砕機２３に供給した後、得られた粉粒体をそのまま２ｍｍ角の振動篩２４にかけ、２ｍｍ篩上粒体と２ｍｍ篩下粉粒体とに篩別し、それぞれ、常磁力磁選機２５と湿式磁選機３０に直接供給するようにした以外は、使用した処理装置を含めて実施例の場合と同一の処理を行った。
【００２６】
供給物としての焼却残渣と回収物の金属成分値を表３に示した。
【表３】

【００２７】
また、焼却残渣と回収物における金属成分の分布割合を表４に示した。
【表４】

【００２８】
本発明では、長穴振動篩を採用することによって沈降分離滓および濾過分離滓として廃棄される非金属粉粒体に金属粉粒体が混入するのを抑制し、非鉄系金属の回収率を顕著に向上できるものであって、従来の比較例の場合においては実質的に回収の対象となる揺動選別による非鉄系金属粉粒体は、焼却残渣を１００％とする乾量で、８．９％であり、成分分布率は、銅が５６．６％、鉛が２２．７％、亜鉛が３３．３％、鉄が６．６％でアルミニウムが４．９％であったのに対して、本発明の実施例の場合、回収可能非鉄系金属として従来の揺動選別非鉄系金属に銅分の高い角穴篩上粒体が加わり、その量は１０．８％となり、成分分布率は、銅が６６．８％、鉛が２４．２％、亜鉛が３２．５％、鉄が７．５％でアルミニウムが１２．６％と、亜鉛を除いて向上した。
この結果、固形廃棄物（焼却残渣）から沈降分離非金属粉粒体と濾過分離非金属粉粒体までの回収全工程にわたる成分分布率について実施例（［表２］）を比較例（［表４］）と比較すると、本発明により、回収物を合体した各成分の回収率は、亜鉛分においては７０．５％から７０．４％と変わらないが、特に銅分においては７９．８％から８９．９％と著しく向上し、また、鉛分において４６．０％から４７．６％に、鉄分において４９．３％から５０．８％に、そして、アルミニウム分においては７．７％から１５．５％にそれぞれ向上した。
さらにまた、比較例の操業時に見られた湿式工程における粉粒体の移送時の液送ポンプの詰まりは実施例の操業時には発生しなかった。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明によれば、固形廃棄物から、物理選別で非金属類の濃縮分別を進めることにより、鉄系金属材および非鉄系金属材を回収するにあたり、特に、長穴篩の角穴篩の組合せによる篩分工程を採り入れ、好ましくは固形廃棄物の粉砕に摩砕工程を追加するように構成したから、伸びのある金属材の捕捉性が高くなり、非金属類への銅等非鉄系金属材の混入を抑え、製錬工程に導入可能な程度に濃縮された銅等非鉄系金属材の実収率を顕著に向上させる効率的な処理方法およびそのための装置を提供できるという効果を奏する。また、本発明によれば、前記処理方法およびその装置において粉粒体の湿式分別工程における液送ポンプの詰まりをも防止できるという効果をも奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の固形廃棄物からの金属回収工程を示すフローシートである。
【図２】比較例を示す従来の固形廃棄物からの金属回収工程を示すフローシートである。
【符号の説明】
１予備振動篩
２吊下げ磁選機
３粉砕機
４長穴振動篩
５角穴振動篩
６常磁力磁選機
７高磁力磁選機
８渦電流選別機
９形状分離機
１０ジグ選別機
１１湿式磁選機
１２揺動選別機
１３沈降槽
１４濾過機[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for recovering metal from solid waste, and in particular, recovery of metal contained in solid waste of fine particles such as electronic equipment waste such as wires, cables, terminals, electronic components, and shredder dust thereof. Regarding the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Looking at solid waste such as scrapped automobiles, scrapped home appliances, scrapped electronic devices, and construction scraps by material, various materials such as ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, and ceramics are used. These members made of various materials are also joined and compounded in various forms. Shredder dust and sorting residue obtained by subjecting solid waste consisting of such members to shredder processing or its incineration residue are made of metals that are relatively easy to recycle by physical sorting such as magnetic sorting, specific gravity sorting or wind sorting. Attempts have been made to recover (JP-A-9-75853).
[0003]
However, in the incinerated, crushed or pulverized solid waste, ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals together with non-metals are very wide, from massive to very fine particles such as dust collection dust. Despite being included in the particle size range, according to the conventional separation method, metal recovery from solid waste is almost limited to those with coarse particles, and those with fine particles are completely recycled. It was in a situation that was not done. From such a situation, in the present inventors, after incineration crushing solid waste, from a coarse grain group to a fine grain group such as shredder dust, iron-based metal materials, copper and lead-zinc, etc. By separating the non-ferrous metal materials from other non-metallic materials, the ferrous metal materials are recovered and the non-ferrous metal materials such as copper and lead-zinc are recovered as they can be introduced into the smelting process. In order to recycle the steel, a patent application has been filed for an efficient metal recovery method from solid waste by physical sorting and an apparatus therefor (Japanese Patent Application No. 10-74887).
[0004]
That is, as shown in the flow sheet for metal recovery from solid waste in FIG. 2, this prior invention is an incineration residue obtained by removing coarse lump or longitudinal metal material in advance by the previbration sieve 21 or the suspended magnetic separator 22. The step of pulverizing or pulverizing the solid waste by the pulverizing machine 23 and sieving it with the vibrating sieve 24, and the magnetized material made of iron-based metal from the granules on the vibrating sieve 24 using the paramagnetic separator A step of recovering particles, a step of recovering weak magnetic particles such as stainless steel from the residue after recovering the magnetized particles using a high magnetic separator 26, and an eddy current selector 27. Using the step of recovering the copper / aluminum product granules from the residue after recovering the weak magnetic material granules, and the residue after recovering the copper / aluminum product granules using the shape separator 28 Recovering the flat non-ferrous metal particles, and the non-ferrous metal particles The step of collecting the residue after collecting the genus particles by using a jig sorter 29 to separate the metal particles and the non-metal particles, and collecting the residue from the sieving powder particles of the vibrating sieve 24 by the wet magnetic separator 30 The step of recovering the magnetic deposits made of iron-based metal and the residue after recovering the magnetic deposits powder into the non-ferrous metal granules and the non-metal granules using the swing sorter 31 The present invention relates to a method for recovering metal from solid waste and a device therefor comprising a step of separating and recovering. Note that the non-metallic powder particles from the rocking sorter 31 are collected by the settling tank 32 and the filter 33 and accumulated in the managed final disposal site.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the above prior invention, the present inventors have obtained considerable results in the recovery of metals, particularly copper-based non-ferrous metals, from fine grain groups. In the recovery of metals from solid waste such as waste home appliances, especially copper-based metals, there is a problem that there are not a few useful metals such as copper that are disposed of in non-metallic waste consisting of fine particles. Was left. Further, in the separation processing of the non-metallic waste composed of fine particles by the aqueous medium method, clogging of the liquid feed pump which seems to be due to mixed metals has been a problem.
That is, in view of such problems, the present invention is a physical sorting that further strengthens solid waste such as shredder dust and incineration ash such as waste electronic equipment products and waste home appliances. Efficient separation of metal and non-metal materials, especially improving the recovery rate of non-ferrous metal materials such as copper that are easy to introduce into the smelting process, and clogging of the above-mentioned liquid feed pump The purpose is to eliminate the trouble.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a metal recovery method in which a solid waste is directly or is subjected to physical separation by selecting a sorting means according to the particle size and properties of the powder obtained by pulverization or pulverization. , After sieving the solid waste as it is, or by pulverizing or pulverizing the granular material with a long-hole sieve having a long-hole sieve mesh, A method for recovering metal from solid waste, comprising a step of recovering particles on a sieve comprising metal particles by sieving with a square hole sieve having a round hole sieve or a round hole sieve, The method for recovering metal from solid waste characterized in that it is subjected to the above-mentioned step after further grinding the solid waste as it is or after pulverizing or crushing the solid waste, The sieve mesh of the hole sieve or round hole sieve is 0.5 to 5 mm, and The sieve of the hole sieve is a metal recovery method from solid waste, characterized in that the short side is 0.5 to 5 mm and the long side is 5 to 100 mm. A method for recovering a metal from solid waste is provided, wherein the square hole sieve or the round hole sieve has a mesh size of 3 mm.
Further, the present invention includes (1) a step of sieving the solid waste as it is, or by pulverizing or pulverizing the granular material with a long hole sieve having a long hole sieve, and (2) (1) a step of recovering the magnetized material particles made of iron-based metal from the sieved particles obtained by sieving the long hole sieve of (1), and (3) after recovering the magnetized material particles of (2) A step of recovering weakly magnetic particles such as stainless steel from the residue, and (4) a step of recovering copper and aluminum product particles from the residue after recovering the weakly magnetic particles of (3) (5) recovering the flat non-ferrous metal particles from the residue after recovering the copper and aluminum product particles of (4), and (6) recovering the non-ferrous metal particles of (5) Separating the collected residue into metallic particles and non-metallic particles, and (7) subsidizing the granular material obtained by sieving with the long-hole sieve of (1) above into square holes or rounds. Square or round hole sieve with hole sieve Sieving with sieving and recovering on-sieving particles comprising metal particles, and (8) iron-based sieving granules obtained by sieving with the square-hole sieve or round-hole sieve of (7) above A step of recovering the magnetized powder particles made of metal, and (9) separating and recovering the residue after recovering the magnetized powder particles of (8) above into non-ferrous metal particles and non-metal particles And a method of recovering metal from solid waste, characterized by comprising the step of: A method of recovering metal from solid waste characterized by sieving with a sieve, the square-hole sieve or round-hole sieve has a mesh size of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the long-hole sieve is short. A method for recovering metal from solid waste, characterized in that the side is 0.5 to 5 mm and the long side is 5 to 100 mm, and the screen of the long hole sieve is 2 × 60 m In, and the angle Anafurui or Maruanafurui is to provide a metal recovery process from solid waste, wherein the sieve is 3 mm.
[0007]
The present invention also includes (1) a pulverizer for pulverizing or pulverizing solid waste, and (2) an elongated hole vibration having a slotted hole for sieving the granular material obtained by the pulverizer. A sieve, and (3) a paramagnetic separator for separating and recovering the magnetized particles from the sieved particles obtained by sieving with the long hole vibrating sieve, and (4) the magnetized particles of (3) A high-magnetization magnetic separator that separates and collects weak magnetic material particles such as stainless steel from the residue after the body is recovered, and (5) the residue after the recovery of the weak magnetic material particle of (4) A shape separator for separating and recovering copper and aluminum product granules from (6) and separating the flat non-ferrous metal particles from the residue after recovering the copper and aluminum product granules of (5) above And (7) a jig sorter that separates and collects the residue after collecting the nonferrous metal particles of (6) into metal particles and nonmetal particles, and (8) the above (2) Long hole swing A square-hole vibrating sieve or a round-hole vibrating sieve that collects the sieved particles made of metal particles from the under-sieved powder obtained by sieving of the moving sieve, and (9) the square-hole vibrating sieve according to (8) Or a wet magnetic separator that separates and recovers the magnetic powder particles from the under sieve powder obtained by sieving the round hole vibrating sieve, and (10) the magnetic powder particles of (9) are recovered. Metal from solid waste, characterized by comprising a rocking sorter that separates and collects the remaining residue into non-ferrous metal granules as heavy and non-metal granules as lightweight A metal recovery device comprising a recovery device, and a mill for further grinding the solid waste that has been pulverized or crushed by the pulverizer or as generated, The square-hole vibrating sieve or the round-hole vibrating sieve has a sieve mesh of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the long-hole vibratory sieve has a short side of the sieve mesh. An apparatus for recovering metal from solid waste, characterized in that the long side is 0.5 to 5 mm and the long side is 5 to 100 mm, and further, the screen of the long hole vibrating sieve is 2 × 60 mm, and The present invention proposes a metal recovery device for solid waste with a square hole vibrating sieve or a round hole vibrating sieve having a mesh size of 3 mm.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a lot of copper-based non-ferrous metals are contained in electronic device products including wires, cables, terminals, and electronic parts, and the fine particles of the solid waste treatment products such as the waste and the shredder dust are included. , Which was made by paying attention to the fact that there are many granular or linear non-ferrous useful metals that pass through small-hole sieves. For sieving residue obtained by sieving with a sieve, the sieving residue is pulverized by a pulverizer if necessary, and further classified into a sieving granule and a sieving granule with a sieve. In the metal recovery method and apparatus for proceeding physical separation and concentration by selecting the selection means according to the properties, and separating the metal particles and the non-metal components by pulverizing or crushing the sieving granules with the pulverizer And preferably After a flattening or linearization of an elongated non-ferrous metal powder is promoted by pulverizing with a grinder, and then sieving using a long hole sieve as the sieve. .
[0009]
With regard to the granular material under the long-hole sieve passing through this long-hole sieve, it is further classified by a normal square-hole sieve or round-hole sieve, thereby concentrating the flattened non-ferrous metal such as copper on the square-hole sieve The body can be recovered, whereby the metal, especially the non-ferrous metal, which is mixed and discarded in the non-metallic powder can be recovered, and the recovery rate can be increased.
The sieves of the square hole sieve and the round hole sieve have a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm (0.5 × 0.5 mm to 5 × 5 mm) and 0.5 to 5 mm, respectively, in terms of workability and metal recovery rate. . Similarly, from the viewpoint of workability and metal recovery rate, the screen of the long hole sieve has a short side of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the long side has a dimension sufficiently longer than the screen of the square hole screen or the round hole screen. Necessary, 5 to 100 mm is preferable. And when the sieve of a long hole sieve is 2x60 mm, the preferable sieve of the said square hole is 3 mm. In this case, for example, a flat metal having an area of 59 × 59 mm can pass through the long hole sieve if the thickness is 2 mm or less, but is easily blocked by the 3 mm square hole sieve.
[0010]
For crushing or crushing solid waste, any crusher or crusher such as a jaw crusher, hammer mill, cage mill, or ball mill can be used. Further, as a grinding machine that performs grinding action, that is, a grinding machine that frictionally crushes or crushes by applying a force such as compression or impact to the object to be crushed, the object to be crushed is compressed between two rollers and compressed. A roll crusher that works, a ball mill that stores a ball in a rotating cylinder and performs a grinding action by a relatively low-speed rotating motion, and a rod mill that stores a rod in the rotating cylinder are also used. In the present invention, by using such a grinder, the flattening and linearization of a metal, particularly a non-ferrous metal such as copper, which is elongated, is promoted, and a long hole sieve and a square hole or round hole sieve are further provided. By combining, it was possible to improve the metal capturing property. In addition, if the grinding action using frictional force is performed by grinding or crushing prior to grinding, and the metal particles are sufficiently flattened or linearized, the second stage grinding is performed. Is not necessary.
[0011]
That is, in the present invention, the granular material on the square hole (round hole) sieve obtained by further sieving the long hole sieving powder particles by the long hole sieve with the square hole sieve or the round hole sieve is smelted as it is as a nonferrous metal recovery product. In addition to raw materials for use in the process, square hole (round hole) sieve powder is made of ferrous metal using magnetic properties, and nonferrous metals such as copper and glass using specific gravity. The useful metals contained can be efficiently recovered by separation into non-metals. In addition, in the long hole sieve granular body of the long hole sieve, according to the conventional processing step, iron-based metal using magnetic properties, aluminum-based and / or copper-based metal using electrical properties, Copper metal and / or stainless steel can be recovered using the difference in shape, and separated into non-ferrous metals such as lead and zinc and non-metals such as glass and ceramics using the difference in specific gravity.
Hereinafter, referring to a flow sheet showing a metal recovery process from solid waste including waste electronic device products in FIG. 1, the present invention is directed to incineration residues obtained by incinerating shredder dust as solid waste in a rotary kiln. The embodiment will be described.
[0012]
The previbration vibrating sieve 1 for sieving the incineration residue is for preventing troubles after the next step, and the sieve mesh is preferably 20 to 50 mm, assuming generally used equipment.
Many of the incineration residues of shredder dust contain massive or longitudinal iron or copper materials. By supplying them to the previbration sieve 1 having a sieve size of 20 mm (20 × 20 mm), the residue of the metal is plain as a residue on the 20 mm sieve. A thing close to a simple thing can be sieved, and a copper-type metal product can be easily collect | recovered by manual selection. Also, the residue on the 20 mm sieve is supplied to a normal hanging magnetic separator (not shown) and separated into a magnetic deposit residue made of iron-based metal mainly composed of iron and a non-magnetic bond residue made of non-ferrous metal including copper and others. It can be recovered. The magnetic deposit residue is recovered as iron scrap and is put on the market. From the non-magnetic deposit residue, the copper product as the raw material for the smelting process can be easily recovered by manual selection.
[0013]
Iron, copper, aluminum, etc. are mixed in the 20mm sieve residue, but the long iron piece may cause troubles in the next process after passing through the 20mm vibrating sieve. The magnetized material is collected through machine 2. About a non-magnetic thing, it supplies to the grinder 3, such as a rod mill and a ball mill, and grind | pulverizes using a frictional force. The obtained granular material is supplied to a long-hole vibrating sieve 4 having a sieve mesh of 2 × 60 mm and separated.
The pulverizer 3 facilitates the separation of the metal component and the non-metal component and promotes further flattening of the non-ferrous metal such as copper, which is particularly elongated, among the metal components. The hole (round hole) vibrating sieve 5 can be used to improve the efficiency of separation from other ferrous metals and non-metals. The long hole vibrating screen 4 may be an oval screen by punching or a similar elliptic screen, and the screen size can be easily set according to the rectangular screen.
[0014]
Since the particles on the long hole sieve contain a large amount of iron-based and copper-based metals, first, the magnetically-adhered particles, in which the iron-based metal occupies the majority, are separated and recovered by the paramagnetic separator 6 of 1500 to 2000 gauss, The residue after collecting the magnetic adhering particles, that is, the non-magnetic adhering particles is supplied to a high magnetic separator 7 having a magnetic force of 6000 to 7000 gauss to separate and recover weak magnetic particles such as stainless steel. .
The residue after collecting the weak magnetic particles, that is, the non-weak magnetic particles is supplied to the eddy current sorter 8 so that the aluminum content having a small specific gravity can be obtained using the magnetic repulsive force due to the eddy current. Conductive copper / aluminum product particles including other copper-based metals can be separated and recovered.
[0015]
Furthermore, the residue after collecting the copper / aluminum product granules, that is, the non-copper / aluminum product granules, is magnetically attached to the high magnetic separator 7 in addition to the flat copper metal particles through the shape separator 9. The flat non-ferrous metal particles including the stainless steel that has not been separated are recovered and supplied to the copper refining process or the like as a mixed raw material. This shape separator 9 is a flat conveyor such as copper due to a difference in specific gravity, shape difference, and friction based on the shape of the particles during the conveyance of the particles on a belt conveyor that conveys the particles at an angle of 0 to 40 °. It separates the body easily.
Next, by introducing the residue, i.e., non-flat metal particles, into the jig sorter 10 in which the rising water flow is caused to flow into the vertical cylinder, the light weight non-metals mainly composed of glass and ceramics are utilized by utilizing the difference in specific gravity. It is possible to separate and collect heavy metal particles that could not be separated until now. This metal particle contains copper, lead, and zinc, and is supplied to the smelting process as a mixed raw material.
[0016]
The process sequence from the eddy current separator 8 to the shape separator 9 is effective when many flat stainless steel pieces that are not magnetized are included, and when it is desired to remove stainless steel from the copper / aluminum product granules as much as possible. Used for. Further, if necessary, separation of copper and aluminum is performed by a method using a specific gravity difference in a subsequent process. Conversely, if the amount of stainless steel contained is negligibly small, the order of the eddy current sorter 8 and the shape separator 9 in both the above steps is changed, and the weak magnetic material particles are recovered after the weak magnetic particles are collected. A deformation operation can be performed in which the copper particles are mainly recovered from the magnetic material particles by the shape separator 9 and then supplied to the eddy current separator 8 to recover the aluminum particles. In this case, it is not necessary to separate copper and aluminum in a subsequent process.
[0017]
On the other hand, the granular material under the long hole sieve in the long hole vibrating sieve 4 having a mesh size of 2 × 60 mm occupies most of the incineration residue, but the components are also non-ferrous such as copper, lead, zinc and aluminum. Contains a lot of metal. The granular material under the long-hole sieve that has passed through the long-hole vibrating sieve 4 is further applied to a square hole (or 3 mm diameter round hole) vibrating sieve 5 having a sieve mesh of 3 mm (3 × 3 mm), thereby crushing or grinding. Flattened or linearized non-ferrous metal pieces having a high copper content can be efficiently recovered as particles on a square hole (round hole) sieve. Since the square-hole sieving powder particles passed through the square-hole vibrating sieve 5 having a mesh size of 3 mm contain a lot of fine powder and contain water in the pulverizer, vibrating sieve, etc. in the previous process, an aqueous medium system Use the process. In addition, this aqueous medium method is also advantageous in processing when the amount of processing is large. That is, the square-hole sieving powder is first supplied to the wet magnetic separator 11 and magnetically selected. The square-hole sieving powder particles are obtained by removing most of flat or linear metal pieces by the square-hole vibrating sieve 5, and this allows the liquid feed pump, particularly this square-hole sieving powder. Clogging of the pump that feeds the liquid to the wet magnetic separator 11 is suitably prevented. A small amount of magnetized powder particles containing iron-based metal that are separated by the wet magnetic separator 11 are introduced into the spiral classifier (Akins), and the remaining, ie non-magnetized powder particles, are relatively heavy coarse powder. Classification into granules and relatively light fine particles. The coarse granular material that has been lifted up by the spiral classifier is continuously supplied to the rocking sorter 12. The oscillating sorter 12 supplies water to the introduced non-magnetized powder particles and performs specific gravity difference sorting by oscillating the table. Non-ferrous metal powders mainly composed of copper can be collected as heavy objects that could not be obtained.
[0018]
The non-metallic powder separated as a lightweight material from the rocking sorter 12 is further supplied to the settling tank 13 and then collected as a precipitate. This deposit is mainly composed of non-metallic materials such as glass and ceramics and is not suitable for metal recovery, and accumulates in a managed final disposal site. The overflow from the settling tank 13 is further filtered and collected by a filter 14 such as a filter press. The filter cake is non-metallic powder and accumulates in the managed final disposal site.
That is, according to the method for recovering metal from solid waste of the present invention, iron-based metal, that is, magnetic powder particles are recovered even in a fine particle group such as shredder dust, and aluminum containing a high proportion of aluminum While the soot is recovered, non-ferrous metal particles enriched with copper, lead, and zinc to such an extent that they can be introduced into the non-ferrous smelting process can be separated from non-metals such as glass and ceramics in a higher proportion.
[0019]
【Example】
〔Example〕
Hereinafter, the incineration residue obtained by incinerating the shredder dust in the rotary kiln was processed according to the method and apparatus of the flow sheet in FIG.
That is, the incineration residue of the shredder dust having the components shown in Table 1 was supplied to the previbration vibrating sieve 1 having a sieve size of 20 mm and sieved. Subsequently, the copper product was screened by hand sorting for the residue on the 20 mm sieve. The residue was almost composed of iron-based metal. The 20 mm sieving residue was supplied to a 1700 gauss suspended magnetic separator 2 to separate magnetic deposits, and then the non-magnetic deposits were pulverized by a pulverizer 3, that is, a ball mill. The sieving was carried out with a long hole vibrating sieve 4. Since the ball mill also has a grinding action, the grinding process is omitted.
[0020]
The granules on the long hole sieve are subjected to a 2700 gauss paramagnetic separator 6 to recover the magnetized particles, and the remaining or non-magnetized particles are supplied to a 6500 gauss high magnetic separator 7 to obtain stainless steel particles. After collecting the weak magnetic material particles contained therein, the residue, that is, the non-weak magnetic material particles, was charged into a 3500 gauss eddy current sorter 8 to collect conductive copper / aluminum product particles. Furthermore, the residue, that is, the non-copper / aluminum product granules were supplied to the shape separator 9, and flat metal particles mainly containing copper were recovered by utilizing the difference in shape. The residue, i.e., non-flat metal particles, was further supplied to the jig sorter 10 to be separated into metal particles and non-metal particles such as glass and ceramics and collected.
[0021]
On the other hand, about the long-hole sieving granular material, the square-hole sieving granular material containing a non-ferrous metal with a high copper content was collected through the square-hole vibrating sieve 5 having a mesh size of 3 mm. The square-hole sieving powder was supplied to a 1500 gauss wet magnetic separator 11 to recover the magnetic deposit powder. The separated residue, that is, the non-magnetized powder particles, was supplied to the rocking sorter 12, and the non-ferrous metal particles were collected as a heavy material. Nonmetallic particles recovered as a light weight from the rocking sorter 12 are introduced into a settling tank 13 to obtain a nonmetallic precipitate such as glass as a precipitate, and the overflow from the settling tank 13 is filtered by a filter 14 or It supplied to the filter press and obtained nonmetallic powder particles, such as glass, as a filter cake.
Table 1 shows the analysis components of copper, lead, zinc, iron and aluminum together with the analysis components of the incineration residue for the recovered material. In addition, the component value at the time of combining the non-ferrous metal granular material by a square-hole sieve sieve and rocking | fluctuation selection was also displayed.
[0022]
[Table 1]

[0023]
In addition, Table 2 shows the amount distribution ratio in each recovered product when the treatment amount of the incineration residue is 100% and the component distribution ratio in each recovered product when the component amount of the incineration residue is 100%. In addition, the distribution ratio when the non-ferrous metal powder particles by the square hole sieve and the rocking selection are combined is also displayed.
[0024]
[Table 2]

[0025]
[Comparative example]
As a comparative example for the above example, solid waste was treated with the same incineration residue as in the case of the example according to the conventional treatment process shown in FIG. 2, and the metal components and the distribution status of the recovered material were investigated. .
Copper products are sorted by hand from 20 mm sieve residue by 20 mm vibrating sieve (preliminary vibrating sieve) 21, and 20 mm sieve residue is separated by hanging magnetic separator 22, and non-magnetized substances are pulverized by a ball mill. After being supplied to the machine 23, the obtained granule is directly passed through a 2 mm square vibrating sieve 24 and sieved to a 2 mm sieve top granule and a 2 mm under sieve granule, respectively, and a paramagnetic separator 25 and a wet type respectively. Except for supplying directly to the magnetic separator 30, the same processing as in the example was performed including the processing apparatus used.
[0026]
Table 3 shows the incineration residue as the feed and the metal component values of the recovered material.
[Table 3]

[0027]
In addition, Table 4 shows the distribution ratio of the metal component in the incineration residue and the recovered material.
[Table 4]

[0028]
In the present invention, by adopting a long-hole vibrating sieve, it is possible to suppress the mixing of the metal particles into the non-metal particles discarded as the sedimentation separation filter and the filtration separation cake, and the recovery rate of the non-ferrous metal is remarkable. In the case of the conventional comparative example, the nonferrous metal powder by swing selection which is substantially the object of collection is 8.9 in a dry amount with the incineration residue as 100%. The component distribution ratio was 56.6% for copper, 22.7% for lead, 33.3% for zinc, 6.6% for iron and 4.9% for aluminum. In the case of the embodiment of the present invention, a high-copper-sized square-hole sieve granule is added to a conventional swing-sorted non-ferrous metal as a recoverable non-ferrous metal, the amount thereof is 10.8%, and the component distribution ratio is 66.8% copper, 24.2% lead, 32.5% zinc, 7.5% iron and 12.6 aluminum When, improved except for zinc.
As a result, the example ([Table 2]) was compared with the comparative example ([Table 2]) regarding the component distribution ratio over the entire recovery process from solid waste (incineration residue) to sedimentation-separated non-metallic particles and filtered-separated non-metallic particles. 4]), according to the present invention, the recovery rate of each component combined with the recovered product is not changed from 70.5% to 70.4% in the zinc content, but particularly in the copper content is 79.8%. From 46.0% to 47.6% in the lead content, from 49.3% to 50.8% in the iron content, and from 7.7% in the aluminum content. Each improved to 15.5%.
Furthermore, the clogging of the liquid feed pump during the transfer of the powder in the wet process, which was observed during the operation of the comparative example, did not occur during the operation of the example.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, from the solid waste, by recovering the ferrous metal material and the nonferrous metal material by proceeding with the concentration and fractionation of nonmetals by physical sorting, in particular, Incorporating a sieving process by combining a square hole sieve with a long hole sieve, and preferably adding a grinding process to the pulverization of solid waste. An efficient treatment method and apparatus for suppressing the mixing of non-ferrous metal materials such as copper into the metal and remarkably improving the actual yield of non-ferrous metal materials such as copper concentrated to a degree that can be introduced into the smelting process There is an effect that it can be provided. In addition, according to the present invention, the processing method and the apparatus thereof also have an effect of preventing the clogging of the liquid feed pump in the wet powder particle separation step.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing a metal recovery process from solid waste according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow sheet showing a metal recovery step from a conventional solid waste showing a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Preliminary vibration sieve
2 Hanging magnetic separator
3 Crusher
4 Long hole vibrating sieve
5 Square-hole vibrating sieve
6 Paramagnetic separator
7 High magnetic separator
8 Eddy current sorter
9 Shape separator
10 Jig sorter
11 Wet magnetic separator
12 Oscillating sorter
13 Settling tank
14 Filter

Claims

In a metal recovery method in which solid waste is selected as it is, or a powder obtained by pulverizing or pulverizing the solid waste is selected according to the particle size and properties, and the physical separation is carried out, the solid waste is left as it is or pulverized or disintegrated. After pulverizing the granular material obtained by crushing with a long-hole sieve having a long-hole sieve, the obtained under-sieved powder is rounded or rounded with a square-hole or round-hole sieve. A method for recovering metal from solid waste, comprising a step of recovering particles on a sieve comprising metal particles by sieving with a hole sieve.

2. The method for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the solid waste is subjected to the above-mentioned step after further pulverization of the powder obtained by pulverizing or pulverizing the solid waste.

The square-hole sieve or round-hole sieve has a sieve mesh of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the sieve of the elongated-hole sieve has a short side of 0.5 to 5 mm and a long side of 5 to 100 mm. A method for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 1 or 2.

3. The method for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screen of the long hole sieve is 2 × 60 mm, and the screen of the square hole screen or the round hole screen is 3 mm. .

(1) a step of sieving the solid waste as it is, or by pulverizing or pulverizing it with a long hole sieve having a long hole sieve;
(2) a step of recovering the magnetically-adhered particles made of iron-based metal from the sieved particles obtained by sieving with the long hole sieve of (1)
(3) a step of recovering weakly magnetic particles such as stainless steel from the residue after recovering the magnetically adhered particles of (2);
(4) recovering copper and aluminum product granules from the residue after recovering the weak magnetic particles of (3),
(5) recovering the flat non-ferrous metal particles from the residue after recovering the copper and aluminum product particles of (4),
(6) a step of separating and collecting the residue after collecting the nonferrous metal particles of (5) into metal particles and nonmetal particles;
(7) The sieving granular material obtained by sieving with the long hole sieve of (1) is sieved with a square hole sieve or a round hole sieve having a square hole or a round hole sieve, and from the metal granules. Recovering the sieving granules,
(8) a step of recovering the magnetic material powder particles made of iron-based metal from the under sieve powder obtained by sieving with the square hole sieve or the round hole sieve of (7);
(9) From the solid waste characterized in that it comprises a step of separating and collecting the residue after collecting the magnetized powder particles of (8) into non-ferrous metal particles and non-metal particles. Metal recovery method.

6. The metal recovery from solid waste according to claim 5, wherein the powder obtained by pulverizing or pulverizing the solid waste as it is or after further grinding is sieved with the long hole sieve. Law.

The square-hole sieve or round-hole sieve has a sieve screen of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the sieve of the long-hole sieve has a short side of 0.5 to 5 mm and a long side of 5 to 100 mm. The metal recovery method from the solid waste of Claim 5 or 6.

7. The method for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the sieve of the long hole sieve is 2 × 60 mm, and the sieve of the square or round hole sieve is 3 mm. .

(1) a crusher for crushing or crushing solid waste;
(2) a long-hole vibrating sieve having a long-hole sieve for sieving the powder obtained by the pulverizer;
(3) a paramagnetic separator that separates and recovers the magnetic deposit granules from the sieving granules obtained by sieving with the long hole vibrating sieve;
(4) a high-magnetism magnetic separator that separates and collects weak magnetic material particles such as stainless steel from the residue after recovering the magnetic material particles of (3),
(5) an eddy current separator for separating and recovering copper and aluminum product granules from the residue after recovering the weak magnetic substance granules of (4),
(6) a shape separator for separating and recovering flat non-ferrous metal particles from the residue after recovering the copper and aluminum product particles of (5),
(7) a jig sorter that separates and collects the residue after collecting the nonferrous metal particles of (6) into metal particles and nonmetal particles;
(8) A square-hole vibrating sieve or a round-hole vibrating sieve that collects the sieved particles made of metal particles from the under-sieved granules obtained by the sieving of the long-hole vibrating sieve according to (2),
(9) a wet magnetic separator that separates and recovers the magnetic deposit powder from the sieving powder obtained by the sieving of the square-hole vibrating sieve or the round-hole vibrating sieve according to (8),
(10) Oscillating sorter that separates and collects the residue after collecting the magnetic adhering powder granules according to (9) into non-ferrous metal granules as heavy objects and non-metallic particles as light objects An apparatus for recovering metal from solid waste, comprising:

The apparatus for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 9, further comprising a grinder for grinding the solid waste pulverized or crushed by the pulverizer.

The square-hole vibrating sieve or the round-hole vibrating sieve has a sieve mesh of 0.5 to 5 mm, and the long-hole vibratory sieve has a sieve mesh short side of 0.5 to 5 mm and a long side of 5 to 100 mm. The apparatus for recovering metal from solid waste according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that

11. The solid waste according to claim 9, wherein a sieve mesh of the long hole vibrating sieve is 2 × 60 mm, and a sieve mesh of the square hole vibrating sieve or the round hole vibrating sieve is 3 mm. Metal recovery equipment.