JP3437993B2 - Antenna unit using radio wave transmitting body - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a radio wave transmitting body as a building finishing material, a block-shaped parabolic antenna and an antenna unit and a system for constructing an antenna which are constructed by using the same as a surface finishing material.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electromagnetic waves are reflected by buildings,
Since there is a risk of disturbing television broadcast radio waves and the like, the outer peripheral wall of a building is used as a radio wave absorber such as a ferrite tile that absorbs electromagnetic waves. However, this radio wave absorber itself is poor in weather resistance and designability as a construction finishing material, so that it is covered with other general finishing materials (stone etc.). In addition, the normal antenna (parabolic antenna) is installed as it is exposed outdoors, but there is a burden that a large-scale foundation must be installed in order to provide the required strength with large wind resistance that does not match the design of the building. Therefore, a small parabolic antenna should be installed in the room near the window of a building (without considering wind resistance), and for the same reason, the parabolic antenna should be housed in the box frame and incorporated into the building surface. Furthermore, it is considered to add architectural design to the panelized antenna surface, that is, to conceal the antenna from the outer wall. Even in these cases, a general finishing material is inevitably used as the antenna shielding material because of its weather resistance and design. Note that the above panelized antenna, a so-called panel-shaped radio wave antenna for satellite communication, is a so-called phased array antenna 5 (phased array antenna 5) in which a plurality of element antennas 4, ... Are arranged in a flat plate shape as shown in detail in FIG. array antenna = phase antenna array), and by controlling and synthesizing the phases of the signals from each element antenna 4, ..., the direction of the radiation beam can be changed, so the conventional parabolic antenna is only one communication satellite. Although it was not able to communicate, it has the characteristic that it can communicate with multiple communication satellites, and it is installed so that the communication satellite of the communication partner is within the controllable range of the radiation beam. The performance of the antenna 4 requires a large number of arrays in order to obtain a predetermined communication amount, and the panel has a large area.

In the general finishing material described in the prior art, if the radio wave transmission is unsuitable for the target frequency, the wave absorbing function of the radio wave absorber will not be obtained. May not be exhibited, or the antenna may cause insufficient reception. That is, as the electromagnetic wave absorber or the shielding material for the antenna, it is necessary to surely transmit the radio wave in the frequency band to be absorbed or received, but the fact is that no one having such convenient radio wave transmission performance is found. Is. In other words, the frequency band that must pass the target transmittance is not practical if it is narrow, and it is necessary to secure a pass range that covers as wide a frequency band as possible. It is not suitable for practical use because it may cause inconvenient transmission due to incidence. On the other hand, the phased array antenna 5 cannot be put into practical use unless it has a large area, but this cannot be conveniently placed on the outer wall of the building facing the communication partner, and lacks versatility. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to penetrate the back surface of a general construction finishing material that has to be arranged in the outermost layer in terms of weather resistance and designability. By providing a matching layer capable of improving the efficiency and the XPD, there is provided an architectural finishing material which is a radio wave transmitter having a favorable radio wave transmission performance suitable as a radio wave absorber or a shielding material for an antenna, and using the same. The parabolic antenna can be built into the building surface by making it into a box (blocking), and the required amount of communication required for the phased array antenna can be easily secured, so that it can be built into the outer wall of the building. It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna that is capable of achieving the above-mentioned generalization.

In order to achieve the above object, in the radio wave transmitter according to the present invention, a general surface finishing material is arranged in the outermost layer, and then the relative permittivity of 1 to 1. The second layer of the material of No. 5 is arranged, and the low dielectric constant material is further arranged inside the third layer so that the relative permittivity becomes the first layer> the third layer> the second layer. Is set on the basis of the expression of suitable transmission performance. Further, the present invention, in the above configuration, the outermost layer is concrete, mortar,
A general surface finishing material such as cement paste, float glass, crystallized glass, ceramic style, stone material is arranged, and then a second layer of a material having a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 1.5 such as air and Styrofoam is arranged, Furthermore, a porous material such as ALC, a low dielectric constant material such as FRP, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, polycarbonate resin, or fluororesin is used as the third material.
The layers are arranged so that the relative permittivity is in the range of the first layer> the third layer> the second layer, and the thickness of each layer is set under the expression of suitable transmission performance. The block-shaped parabolic antenna of the present invention is a block-shaped one in which the parabolic antenna is housed in a box frame and is covered with the radio wave transmitting body. The antenna unit of the present invention is obtained by subdividing the phased array antenna into sub-panels, accommodating them in a box frame, and covering them with the above-mentioned radio wave transmission body to form a panel. In the antenna configuration system of the present invention, a required number of the above-described panelized antenna units are incorporated in the outer wall of the building in isolation or adjacently arranged, and the outputs of the units are collected to secure a predetermined communication amount. The above antenna configuration system preferably mounts the antenna unit at the same angle as the wall surface of the building.

In a single layer of general surface finish material, its radio wave transmission performance, that is, transmission loss and polarization characteristics may affect the characteristics of the antenna or the absorber. For example, in an antenna using a dual orthogonal polarization system, XPD (cross polarization identification: cross polarization orthogonal to the main polarization direction when the polarization direction without the covering material is the main polarization direction). The deterioration of the ratio of the component to the main polarization component) becomes a problem, but this can be improved by lining the surface finish material with a matching layer. The material of 1 to 1.5 is arranged in the second layer, the low dielectric constant material is arranged in the third layer, and the relative permittivity is 1st layer> 3rd layer> 2nd
By making the layers to be layers and appropriately selecting the thickness of each layer, in the radio wave transmission body of the present invention, good radio wave transmission performance was obtained over a wide band. The block-shaped parabolic antenna can be installed on the outer surface of the building as a rooftop block, etc., and can be installed without considering the wind resistance. Since the panelized antenna unit is subdivided into a size that can be incorporated into a part of the outer wall of the building,
It can be installed on the outer wall of the building without causing any inconvenience to the building design. The antenna configuration system can exert a predetermined communication power by the collection of outputs under the above unitization effect.

EXAMPLE An example will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, a first layer, which is the outermost layer of a radio wave transmission body 2 as a building finishing material having a three-layer structure covering an antenna or a radio wave absorber 1. 2a is provided with a general surface finishing material such as concrete, mortar, cement paste, glass, crystallized glass, ceramic style, and stone, which has excellent weather resistance and design. The value of the relative dielectric constant is 10 or less, preferably 7 or less. An air layer, styrofoam, and the like are arranged on the second layer 2b. The value of the relative dielectric constant is about 1 to 1.5. The third layer 2c has a porous material such as ALC, FR
A low dielectric constant material such as P, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polycarbonate resin, or a fluororesin is arranged. The value of the relative permittivity is 5 or less, preferably 3.5 or less. The relationship of relative permittivity of the three layers is 2a>2c> 2b, and 2a,
Both 2b and 2c need to have low loss. In addition, surface treatment such as painting or coating may be applied, and when using general paint or lacquer, there is no problem if the thickness is negligible compared to the electromagnetic wavelength,
It is impossible to use metal for the surface treatment material. 2a, 2
The thicknesses of the layers b, 2c, t ₁ , t ₂ , and t ₃ are set in the following manner. That is, when the target frequency (center) is f (Hz), t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ are calculated from the following equations.
Is required.

[Equation 1] In accordance with the above procedure, the first layer in FIG. 2; soda lime glass (S), the second layer; air, the third layer; polycarbonate (P
_{C), m 1 = 1,} m 2 = 0.15, m 3 is from 0.2 to 0.
3 is the first layer in FIG. 3; soda lime glass (S), second layer; air, third layer; polycarbonate (P
_{C), m 1 = 1,} m 2 = 0.15, m 3 = 1.1~1.
In Fig. 4, the first layer; borosilicate glass (B), second layer; air, third layer; polycarbonate (P
_{C), m 1 = 1,} m 2 = 0.15, m 3 = 0.95~
The values of 1.05 are shown. As comparative examples, FIGS. 2 and 3 also show the results of the soda lime glass alone, and FIG. 4 also shows the results of the borosilicate glass alone. In both cases, the radio wave transmittance in the target frequency band is significantly expanded and improved compared to the single layer. Note that m ₁ , m ₂ , and m ₃ represent the ratio of each layer thickness to the half electromagnetic wave length, as shown in the mathematical formula. The relative permittivity of each material is as follows. Soda lime glass; εr = 6.3-j0.139 Borosilicate glass; εr = 4.6-j0.026 Air; εr = 1.0 Polycarbonate; εr = 2.8-j0.017 In FIG. Layer; soda lime glass (S), second layer;
The oblique incidence performance of the transmittance in the air, the third layer; polycarbonate (PC) is shown. Incidentally, FIG. 6 shows the results in the case of the AS single layer as a comparative example. It is remarkably improved as compared with the case of a single layer. In FIG. 7, the first layer; S, the second layer; air, the third layer; P
3 shows the oblique incidence performance of XPD at C. In addition, the result in the case of S single layer is shown in FIG. 8 as a comparative example. Compared to the case of a single layer, the frequency in FIGS. Next, FIGS. 9 and 10 show that the three-layer structure of the present invention is superior in improving the transmittance as compared with the single-layer structure or the two-layer structure.
The solid line in the figure shows the experimental value, and the black dot shows the calculated value. Figure 1
Reference numeral 1 denotes a block-shaped parabolic antenna 9 in which the radio wave transparent body above is used as a lid 7 of the box frame 6 and a parabolic antenna 8 is housed in the box frame 6 (a). Since this product is block-shaped, it can be easily incorporated into the building surface. For example, (b)
It can be fixed to the roof of the entrance / exit 12 of the roof 11 of the building 10 as shown in, and the parabolic antenna 8 itself does not have to receive wind resistance at all, and the landscape of the building is not damaged in terms of design. . FIG. 12 shows a panelized antenna unit 15 in which a unit body 5 ′ obtained by subdividing the phased array antenna 5 described above is housed in a box frame 13 and closed by a lid 14 made of the radio wave transmitting body described above. 13 and 14
Shows a mode in which the above-mentioned box frame 13 is made of an aluminum frame.
FIG. 15 shows a mode in which a predetermined number of units 15 shown in FIGS. In this way, if the outputs of the units 15, ... Thus, an antenna system that collects communication traffic at a plurality of locations is configured. FIG.
Shows a mode in which the lifting system is incorporated into the outer wall 17 of the building through the horizontal stand 16. In the figure, reference numeral 18 denotes a makeup louver on the indoor side. The units 15 may be arranged at separate positions. Thus, according to the antenna system of the present invention,
Since it is not necessary to form a predetermined area only at one place, it can be distributed to each place on the outer wall surface of the building, and there is no inconvenient restriction on the design. For example, in FIG.
(D) shows the mode which attached each unit 15, ... to the wall surface of various buildings at the same angle as this. Although not shown, in the unit 15, the box frame 1 of the unit body 5 '
It is good to attach a mechanism for finely adjusting the mounting position and angle with respect to 3.

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. The radio wave transmitter of the present invention can improve the transmittance and the XPD for a target frequency by setting various combinations of three layers and combinations of layer thicknesses. A suitable covering material is provided. In the antenna of the present invention, the antenna unit can be incorporated in the body surface of the building by making it into a block or a panel under the covering of a building finish material, which eliminates wind resistance and design problems. . In addition, since the conventional antenna surface is exposed by being covered and housed in the box frame, deterioration of its performance due to dirt or the like due to long-term or weather can be solved. Furthermore, by unitizing them, they can be incorporated in the building surface in any distribution, and the utilization of the phased array antenna is achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a three-layer structure of a radio wave transmitter according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a table showing an improvement in transmittance in comparison with a single layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a table showing an improvement in transmittance in comparison with a single layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the transmittance improvement in comparison with the single layer of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a chart for explaining the transmittance performance at oblique incidence according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of transmittance for oblique incidence in the case of a single layer.

FIG. 7 is an XPD improvement explanatory chart of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an XPD explanatory chart in the case of a single layer.

FIG. 9 is a chart for explaining the transmittance comparison of single layer, two layers, and three layers.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory chart for comparing the transmittances of single layer, two layers, and three layers.

11A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the block-shaped parabolic antenna of the present invention, and FIG. 11B is a construction explanatory view thereof.

FIG. 12 (a) is an overhead view of the satellite communication antenna unit of the present invention, and FIG. 12 (b) is a development view thereof.

13A is a front view of the satellite communication antenna unit of the present invention, and FIG. 13B is a side sectional view thereof.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged detailed view of a section XIV in the inside of FIG. 13 (b).

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an antenna system of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of a construction mode of the antenna system of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the antenna configuration system of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a phased array antenna.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Radio wave absorber or antenna 2 Radio wave transmitter 3 radio waves 4-element antenna 5 Phased array antenna 5'unit 6 box frames 7 lid 8 parabolic antenna 9 Block-shaped parabolic antenna 10 buildings 11 rooftop 12 gateway 13 box frames 14 Lid 15 Satellite communication antenna unit 16 Horizontal 17 Building outer wall 18 Makeup louvers

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Saito 2-5-14 Minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo Inside the Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Shigetoshi Hasegawa 1150, Hazawamachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Company Central Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Tetsuya Hiramatsu 1150 Hazawa-machi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Central Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Chatani 325 Kamimachiya, Kamakura City Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Kamakura Factory (56) References JP-A-55-2149 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-55-29865 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01Q 1/42 H01Q 1/00 H01Q 15/08 H01Q 19/12

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A general surface finishing material is arranged on the outermost layer, and then a second layer of a material having a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 1.5 is arranged on the inside thereof, and a low dielectric constant material is further arranged on the inside thereof. On the third layer so that the relative dielectric constant is as follows: first layer> third layer> second layer,
A radio wave transmission body as a building finishing material, characterized in that the respective layer thicknesses t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ are set by the following mathematical formula 1 to achieve suitable radio wave transmission performance expression. [Equation 1] 2. The outermost layer is provided with a general surface finishing material such as concrete, mortar, cement paste, glass, crystallized glass, ceramic style and stone, and then,
A second layer of a material having a relative dielectric constant of 1 to 1.5, such as air or styrofoam, is arranged, and a porous body such as ALC, FR
The radio wave transmitting body as a building finishing material according to claim 1, wherein a low dielectric constant material such as P, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polycarbonate resin, or a fluororesin is arranged in the third layer. 3. A block-shaped parabolic antenna in which a parabolic antenna is housed in a box frame and is covered with the radio wave transmitting member according to claim 1 to form a block. 4. The phased array antenna is subdivided and then housed in a box frame.
An antenna unit in which a lid is covered with the radio wave transmission body according to the item to form a panel. 5. An antenna configuration system in which a required number of the antenna units according to claim 4 are incorporated in an outer wall of a building by being isolated or adjacent to each other, and the output of each unit is terminated to secure a predetermined communication amount. 6. The antenna configuration system according to claim 5, wherein the antenna unit according to claim 4 is mounted at the same angle as a wall surface of a building.