JP3429435B2 - Method and apparatus for defrosting agricultural products by artificial fog - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention prevents a decrease in temperature due to radiative cooling by covering an agricultural field where agricultural products such as tea and various vegetables are cultivated with artificial mist to prevent damage to agricultural products due to frost. The present invention relates to a method for defrosting agricultural crops by artificial fog, which is applied as a measure against so-called frost damage, and its equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as measures against frost damage to agricultural products, in general, anti-frost methods are used to burn old tires and the like to cover the field scene with the smoke, and warm airflow is blown to the field scene from multiple locations above the field. The method of frosting was adopted.

[0003]

However, among the above-mentioned conventional frost-prevention methods, in the case of using the former smoke, not only the nuisance and adverse effects on the surroundings due to the diffusion of smoke, but also old tires, etc. Since the combustibles are consumed, it takes a lot of time and money to obtain and bring them in. In the latter method of blowing hot air, the combustibles must be placed in a high position above the field. Since it is necessary to install a source of warm airflow, it is difficult to blow the hot air flow evenly over the entire surface of the field. Especially, depending on the strength of the natural wind and changes in the wind direction, a large deviation in the blowing distribution may occur, and the prescribed None of the conventional methods is practical as a method for defrosting agricultural crops, particularly for large-scale fields, such that the frost function cannot be sufficiently fulfilled.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by effectively utilizing the natural wind generated in a field, the initial cost and running cost can be reduced to the maximum, and the wind direction can be changed regardless of the change of the wind direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for defrosting agricultural crops by artificial fog and a facility therefor, which can always properly and sufficiently exhibit a predetermined defrosting function.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for defrosting agricultural crops by an artificial fog according to a first aspect of the present invention is a method for defrosting agricultural crops. Along the length of the other side of the field at almost equal intervals at multiple locations including It is installed, and in accordance with a change in wind direction in the field, the first state in which the one end and the middle part of the fog nozzle rows of the plurality of fog nozzle rows are respectively sprayed, and the other of the one side direction It is characterized in that the mist nozzle rows at the end portion and the intermediate portion are switched to the second state in which spraying is performed respectively.

The defrosting facility for agricultural crops by artificial fog according to the third aspect of the present invention has a plurality of locations including both end portions and intermediate portions in at least one side of a field where the agricultural produce is cultivated at substantially equal intervals. A plurality of mist nozzle rows having a length over the entire length in the other side direction of the field and having a plurality of spray nozzles attached along the longitudinal direction are installed in parallel with each other, and the plurality of mist nozzle rows are provided. In a liquid feeding device that feeds a spraying liquid to each under pressure, in accordance with a change in the wind direction in the field, the liquid is fed to one end side and one middle side fog nozzle row of the plurality of fog nozzle rows. The first state in which pressure is fed to spray from the mist nozzle rows, and the liquid is fed to the mist nozzle rows in the other end and the middle portion in the one side direction to be sprayed from the mist nozzle rows, respectively. Liquid feeding state switching means capable of switching to the second state is characterized in that is provided.

According to the invention of claim 1 and the invention of claim 3 having the above-mentioned constitutions, the wind naturally generated in the field can be utilized only by spraying from a plurality of mist nozzle rows. Since it is possible to put artificial fog on the natural wind and disperse the fog in a wide field scene, there is no annoyance and adverse effects on the surrounding area compared to the case of using conventional smoke and warm airflow, It is also easy, and the initial cost and running cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the wind direction of the natural wind is naturally stable to the main wind direction called gravity wind depending on the location conditions of the field itself, and paying attention to the fact that it may change to the wind direction opposite to the main wind direction, Of the plurality of mist nozzle rows, a first state in which the liquid is pressurized and fed to one end portion and one middle portion of the mist nozzle row in the field to be sprayed from the mist nozzle rows, respectively, and the other end in the one side direction It is possible to switch to a second state in which the liquid is supplied to the mist nozzle rows in the middle and middle portions and sprayed from the mist nozzle rows, respectively. Therefore, when the wind direction is the above main direction, By setting the state 1 and the second state when the wind direction is in the opposite direction, the wind direction can be changed without changing the capacity of the liquid feeding device that feeds the spray liquid under pressure. Regardless of the change in temperature, almost all of the field scene is covered with fog, and the frost-prevention function that prevents the temperature of the crop itself from decreasing due to radiative cooling and frosting is achieved properly and sufficiently. It is possible.

Further, in the method for defrosting crops by artificial fog according to the invention described in claim 1 and the defrosting equipment for crops by artificial fog according to claim 3, in addition to the plurality of mist nozzle rows, When adopting a configuration in which another long mist nozzle row is installed along the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the mist nozzle row, when the wind direction of the natural wind in the field is the main direction described above depending on weather conditions and the like, Even if it changes in a direction orthogonal to the opposite direction or inclined, it compensates for the bias that fog concentrates at a specific location due to spray from a separately installed fog nozzle row, and It is possible to cover with fog and secure a predetermined anti-frost function.

Further, in the defrosting facility for agricultural crops by artificial fog according to the invention as defined in claim 3, a plurality of fields are installed at substantially equal intervals at a plurality of places including both ends and an intermediate part in at least one side of the field. When adopting a configuration in which the spray directions from the mist nozzle rows provided at both ends in the one side direction are directed to the center of the field, the spray in the first state and the second state In any of the cases, it is possible to suppress the fog ejected from the fog nozzles at both ends from escaping to the side of the field to the minimum, and to diffuse the fog to the field scene without loss.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the outline of the overall configuration of the frost-proof equipment used for carrying out the method for frost-proofing agricultural crops by artificial fog according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. 1, 1-2, 1-3,
..., 1-n are supporting legs at a plurality of locations including both end portions and intermediate portions in one side direction along the main wind direction a and the opposite wind direction b in the farm field A for cultivation of crops at substantially equal intervals. It is a plurality (n) of mist nozzle rows that are installed in parallel to each other via 2 ...

Each of the fog nozzle rows 1 (1-1, 1-2, 1)
-3, ..., 1-n) are respectively the header pipe 3 having a length over the entire length in the other side direction in the field, and along the longitudinal direction of the header pipe 3 as clearly shown in FIG. A liquid (water) that is composed of a large number of spray nozzles 5 that are screw-joined to each other at a plurality of intervals with a socket 4 interposed therebetween, and the spray nozzles 5 have respective spray nozzles 5 in the immediate vicinity of the ejection ports 6.
There is provided a rod-shaped member 7 that collides with each other to promote atomization.

The header pipe 3 is constructed by coaxially joining a plurality of short header pipes 3a along the pipe axis direction. Further, both end portions in the one side direction, that is, the spray directions from the spray nozzles 5 in the first row mist nozzle row 1-1 and the nth row mist nozzle 1-n are both directed to the center of the field. .

Denoted at 8 are the plurality of mist nozzle rows 1-1, 1-
2, 1-3, ..., 1-n are headers 3 (each short header pipe 3a) for supplying a spraying liquid in a distributed state to the respective hose 8, ... It is connected to the distribution header 10 via the on-off valves 9 ... And the distribution header 10 is connected to a pressurizing pump 11 as a liquid supply device for supplying the spray liquid under pressure. Reference numeral 12 denotes a controller that controls the opening / closing operation of the opening / closing valves 9 ... The plurality of mist nozzle rows 1-by a manual selection operation of two switches (not shown) based on the determination in the case of being in the opposite direction (direction of arrow b)
Of the 1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-n, the first to n-1th rows of the mist nozzle rows 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 ,.
The corresponding on-off valves 9 ... Are opened so as to spray from 1-n-1, and the corresponding on-off valve 9 is stopped so that the spray from the n-th mist nozzle row 1-n is stopped. The first state of being closed and the opening / closing valves 9 ... Corresponding to the second to nth mist nozzle rows 1-2, 1-3 ,. At the same time, it has a function (liquid supply state switching means) for switching to the second state in which the on-off valve 9 corresponding thereto is closed so as to stop the spray from the first mist nozzle row 1-1. .

Next, a defrosting method of actually covering a field scene with artificial fog using the defrosting equipment for agricultural crops by the artificial fog having the above-mentioned structure will be described. When the wind direction in the sky above the field A is stable in the main direction a, which is called gravitational wind, one switch in the controller 12 is selected to operate as shown in FIG.
Fog nozzle rows 1-1, 1-2, 1 of the 1st to n-1th rows
-3, ..., 1-n-1, opening / closing valves 9 ... are opened, and opening / closing valve 9 corresponding to the mist nozzle row 1-n of the n-th row is closed, and the first row to n-1 Row 1 fog nozzle row 1
-1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-n-1 are set in a first state in which they are sprayed from a large number of spray nozzles 5, and the sprayed mist is placed on the wind as shown by a dotted line to the leeward side. As a result, the entire area of the cultivation surface of the field A is covered with fog.

When the wind direction is changed to the reverse direction b, the other switch of the controller 12 is selectively operated to select the second row to the nth row as shown in FIG. 4B. Row fog nozzle row 1-2
On-off valves 9 corresponding to 1-3, ..., 1-n are opened, and on-off valves 9 corresponding to the first mist nozzle row 1-1
Is closed and the second to n-th fog nozzle rows 1-2,
1-3, ..., 1-n is set to the second state, and the sprayed fog is put on the wind as shown by the dotted line to flow to the leeward side, whereby almost the entire cultivation surface of the field A is fogged. Covered.

As described above, by switching between the first state and the second state so that the spraying is performed only from the windward mist nozzle row 1 in accordance with the change in the wind direction in the sky above the field A, the spray liquid is sprayed. Without changing the capacity of the pressurizing pump 11 for pressurizing and feeding, irrespective of changes in the wind direction, almost the entire cultivation surface of the field A is covered with fog, and frost accompanying temperature decrease due to radiative cooling and temperature decrease of the crop itself. It is possible to always achieve a proper and sufficient anti-frost function that prevents

In the above anti-frost equipment, the spray directions from the spray nozzles 5 in the first mist nozzle row 1-1 and the nth mist nozzle 1-n are both directed toward the center of the field. Therefore, in both cases of spraying in the first state and spraying in the second state, the fog ejected from the fog nozzles 5 at both ends is prevented from escaping to the side of the field A to the minimum. It is possible to spread to the cultivation surface without loss.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the whole construction showing another embodiment of the frost protection equipment for agricultural products by artificial fog according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the equipment is installed at a plurality of positions in the one side direction. Multiple (n) fog nozzle rows 1 (1-1, 1-2,
In addition to 1-3, ..., 1-n), another fog nozzle row 1A that is long along the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the fog nozzle row 1 is installed at both ends of the field A in the other side direction. When adopting such a fog nozzle row arrangement configuration,
Even if the wind direction of the natural wind in the field A may change to a direction orthogonal to or inclined with respect to the main direction a and the opposite direction b described above depending on weather conditions or the like, spraying from a separately installed fog nozzle row 1A Therefore, it is possible to compensate for the bias of the fog to concentrate on a specific place and cover almost the entire cultivation surface of the field A with the fog to ensure a predetermined anti-frost function. In addition, in FIG. 5 showing this other embodiment, another fog nozzle row 1 is provided only at both ends of the field A in the other side direction.
Although A is installed, depending on the form of the field A, a similar mist nozzle row may be arranged in the middle part.

[0019]

As described above, according to the first and third aspects of the present invention, the natural wind in the field is utilized by simply spraying from the plurality of mist nozzle rows installed in the field. Since it is possible to disperse the fog in a wide field scene by placing an artificial fog on it, compared to the case of using conventional smoke or warm air, there is no annoyance and adverse effects on the surroundings,
The equipment is simple, and the initial cost and running cost can be reduced. Moreover, by switching the spraying state between the first state and the second state in response to the change in the wind direction over the field, almost all of the field scene can be displayed without changing the capacity of the pressure supply device for spraying liquid. By covering the entire area with fog, it is possible to prevent frost from radiatively cooling and lowering the temperature of the crop itself, and to always achieve a proper and sufficient anti-frost function regardless of changes in the wind direction. Play.

According to the second and fourth aspects of the invention, in addition to the effects of the first and third aspects of the invention, the wind direction of the natural wind in the field is mainly determined by the weather conditions. Direction and the opposite direction, it may change in a direction orthogonal to or inclined to the direction opposite to it, but it compensates for the bias that fog concentrates at a specific location due to spray from a separately installed fog nozzle row, There is an effect that almost the entire area is covered with fog and a predetermined anti-frost function can be secured.

Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 3, in both cases of spraying in the first state and spraying in the second state, There is also an effect that the fog ejected from the fog nozzle can be minimized from escaping to the side of the field, and the fog can be poured into the field scene without loss.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the outline of the overall configuration of a frost-prevention equipment used for carrying out a method for defrosting agricultural crops by artificial fog according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the same frost-proof equipment.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part showing a specific configuration of a fog nozzle row.

FIG. 4A is a schematic side view illustrating a spraying situation in a first state, and FIG. 4B is a schematic side view illustrating a spraying situation in a second state.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the entire configuration showing another embodiment of the defrosting facility for agricultural crops by artificial fog according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 (1-1, 1-2, 1-3, ..., 1-n) Fog nozzle row 1A Another fog nozzle row 5 Spray nozzle 11 Pressurizing pump (liquid supply device for spraying) A Field a Main wind direction Direction b Wind direction opposite

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Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A field having a length extending over the entire length of the other side of the field at substantially equal intervals at a plurality of locations including both ends and an intermediate part of the field where the agricultural product is cultivated. A plurality of mist nozzle rows having a large number of spray nozzles attached in parallel with each other are installed in parallel with each other, and one end portion in the one side direction of the plurality of mist nozzle rows is arranged according to the change in the wind direction in the field. Prevention of crops by artificial fog characterized by switching to a first state in which spraying is performed from the fog nozzle row in the middle portion and a second state in which the fog nozzle row at the other end in the one side direction and the fog nozzle row in the middle portion are respectively sprayed. Frost method. 2. The artificial mist according to claim 1, wherein, in addition to the plurality of mist nozzle arrays, another mist nozzle array that is long is installed along a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the mist nozzle arrays. Method for defrosting crops. 3. A field having a length over the entire length of the other side of the field at substantially equal intervals at a plurality of locations including both ends and an intermediate part in the side of the field where the crop is cultivated. A plurality of mist nozzle rows having a large number of spray nozzles attached in parallel with each other are installed in parallel with each other, and to the liquid feeding device that pressure-feeds the spray liquid to each of the plurality of mist nozzle rows, the field A first state in which the liquid is pressure-fed and sprayed from one of the plurality of mist nozzle rows to one of the mist nozzle rows in the one side direction and the middle mist nozzle row in accordance with the change in the wind direction in the mist nozzle rows, respectively. Second, the liquid is supplied to the fog nozzle rows at the other end and the intermediate portion in the one side direction and sprayed from the fog nozzle rows, respectively.
A defrosting facility for crops by artificial fog, which is provided with a liquid feed state switching means that can switch between the state and the state. 4. The artificial mist according to claim 3, wherein, in addition to the plurality of mist nozzle arrays, another mist nozzle array that is long is installed along a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the mist nozzle arrays. Defrosting equipment for agricultural products. 5. The artificial mist according to claim 3, wherein the mist nozzle arrays provided at both ends in the one-side direction of the plurality of mist nozzle arrays are directed toward the center of the field. Defrosting equipment for agricultural products.