JP3452351B2 - Loquat tea production equipment - Google Patents
Loquat tea production equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JP3452351B2 JP3452351B2 JP15878199A JP15878199A JP3452351B2 JP 3452351 B2 JP3452351 B2 JP 3452351B2 JP 15878199 A JP15878199 A JP 15878199A JP 15878199 A JP15878199 A JP 15878199A JP 3452351 B2 JP3452351 B2 JP 3452351B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- loquat
- leaves
- tea
- water
- fluff
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000009008 Eriobotrya japonica Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims 2
- 244000061508 Eriobotrya japonica Species 0.000 title 1
- 241001092070 Eriobotrya Species 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XUCIJNAGGSZNQT-JHSLDZJXSA-N (R)-amygdalin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H](C#N)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XUCIJNAGGSZNQT-JHSLDZJXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220547770 Inducible T-cell costimulator_A23L_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000004880 Polyuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035619 diuresis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、健康茶として飲用
するビワ茶の製造設備に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】ビタミン、ミネラル等の成分により保健
効果・健康効果をもたらす健康茶には、種々のものがあ
り、そのうち健康維持増進や病気療法に古くから利用さ
れているものとして、ビワ茶がある。ビワの葉には、ア
ミグダリン(ビタミンB17)などのビタミン類が含ま
れており、これにより血液の浄化及び鎮痛の作用があ
り、健胃整腸、利尿などに効用がある。
【0003】従来のビワ茶の製造方法は、摘み取ったビ
ワの葉を洗って汚れや農薬を除いた後、水気を切り、乾
燥させ、その後、使いやすい大きさに刻み、刻んだビワ
の葉をお湯に入れることからなる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来のビワ茶製造の材
料となるビワの葉は、果実の収穫を目的とした果実栽培
種が利用されているため、栄養分は果実に集まり、ビワ
の葉に栄養分が十分に行き渡らないため、薬用として利
用しても本来の効果が得られないという欠点がある。ま
た、風味に欠けるため、飲みにくいという欠点がある。
【0005】また、果実栽培種を利用するために、ビワ
の葉に付着した有害な農薬を除去するために、洗浄を十
分に行わなければならないため、製造に手間と時間がか
かるという欠点がある。
【0006】さらに、ビワの葉の洗浄が手作業であるた
めに、手間がかかり、多量に製造できないという欠点が
あった。
【0007】そこで本発明は、健康茶として有用なビワ
の葉を利用して風味のあるビワ茶を多量に製造する製造
設備を提供するものである。
【0008】
【0009】【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のビワ茶の製造設
備は、無果実栽培且つ無農薬栽培されたビワの葉を洗浄
するとともに、綿毛を除去する両端に回転する一対のブ
ラシを備えたブラッシング装置及び水槽内に水流を発生
させる水流発生装置を備えた洗浄・綿毛除去水槽と、洗
浄・綿毛除去水槽洗浄槽で洗浄・綿毛除去した後に半乾
燥したビワの葉を細かく剪断する剪断装置と、剪断装置
で剪断後に天日乾燥したビワの葉をトルマリン球を介在
させて焙煎する焙煎装置とを備えていることを特徴とす
る。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】本発明のビワ茶の製造方法におい
て、洗浄・綿毛除去工程は、ビワの葉を入れた網籠を撹
拌状態にある水中に入れてビワの葉を洗浄すると共に、
ビワの葉裏面の綿毛を除去した後、網籠を機能水に浸漬
する工程とすることができる。
【0011】また、本発明のビワ茶の製造設備の洗浄・
綿毛除去水槽は、その両端に回転する一対のブラシを備
えたブラッシング装置と、水槽内に水流を発生させる水
流発生装置とを備えたものとすることができる。
【0012】本発明に使用するビワの葉は、ビワを結実
させずに栽培する無果実栽培されたものを使用する。無
果実栽培によって、ビワの葉に栄養素を十分に行き渡ら
せることができ、葉緑素をふんだんに含んだ茶葉として
最高のビワの葉を収穫することができる。また、無果実
栽培では農薬散布を必要としないので、安全性の高いビ
ワの葉を収穫することができる。
【0013】無農薬栽培のビワを使用するため、収穫後
のビワの葉を流水に浸すことで十分な洗浄が可能であ
る。
【0014】図1は本発明の洗浄・綿毛除去工程に使用
する洗浄・綿毛除去水槽の1例を示す図で、洗浄は、水
流を作り出すプロペラなどの水流発生装置を設置した長
方形の水槽1によって行う。水槽1の水は、水槽1の両
端からオーバーフローするように供給する。水槽1の両
端には、回転する一対のブラシ3a,3b,3c,3d
を備えたブラッシング装置4を設置する。水面に浮かん
だビワの葉が水流でブラッシング装置4のブラシ3a,
3b,3c,3dの間を通過させることによって、ビワ
の葉を洗浄するとともに、ビワの葉裏面の綿毛を削ぎ落
とし、これによってビワ茶の雑味やえぐみを取り除くこ
とができる。洗浄・綿毛除去が終わったビワの葉は、オ
ーバーフローする水により網籠5に落ちる。
【0015】
【0016】洗浄・綿毛除去が終わったビワの葉は、水
切りされて次の半乾燥行程へ送られる。
【0017】水切りしたビワの葉は、金網の上に載せて
60%程度に半乾燥され、剪断行程に送られる。剪断行
程では使用に適した大きさに刻まれる。通常、約2mm
幅×約1mm長さに剪断する。
【0018】剪断されたビワの葉は、金網の上に載せて
天日によって完全に乾燥させる。天日乾燥では、ビタミ
ン類などの生理活性物質が増加し、また香り高い茶葉を
製造することができる。
【0019】図3は本発明の焙煎工程で使用する焙煎装
置の概略図である。天日乾燥したビワの葉は、焙煎工程
へ送られ、焙煎工程では、バーナー8などを備えた加熱
装置9に手前に傾けて載せた大型の中華鍋状の鉄器10
にビワの葉と、直径約1cmのトルマリン球とを入れて
混合し、よくかき混ぜながら焙煎を行う。鉄器10の上
半分にはフード11を設けてもよい。焙煎は、人手によ
ってビワ茶の焙煎の加減をコントロールしながら、ビワ
茶を空中に上げて酸素の供給状態を良くしながら焙煎を
行う。例えば、一回の焙煎で約400gの茶葉を、鍋底
温度が約300℃で約4分間焙煎する。
【0020】トルマリン(電気石)は、恒常的にマイナ
スイオンを放出し続ける唯一の天然鉱石であるが、さら
に圧電気(ピエゾ電気)と焦電気(ピロ電気)を発生す
るとともに、遠赤外線を放射して、温熱作用、抗菌作
用、脱臭・消臭作用があり、焙煎に際しては、特に焦電
気の効果が発揮され多量のマイナスイオンを供給する。
これらの相乗作用により、トルマリン球を利用すること
で、ビワの葉に含まれる健康に寄与する有効成分を引き
出し、旨味成分も引き出すことができる。この焙煎によ
り、よりつややかな茶葉ができる。
【0021】本発明により製造されたビワ茶は、お湯に
入れると、透明な茶色を呈し、香りは従来のビワ茶に比
べて高く、且つ飲用するとほのかな旨味があり、風味の
よいものであった。
【0022】なお、本発明により製造されたビワ茶は、
成分の抽出を早くするために粉茶ににしてティバック式
としてもよい。
【0023】
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、健康茶として有用なビ
ワの葉を利用して風味のあるビワ茶を手間と時間をかけ
ることなく多量に製造することが可能となる。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a facility for producing loquat tea to be drunk as healthy tea. 2. Description of the Related Art There are various types of health teas which provide health effects and health effects by components such as vitamins and minerals. Among them, there are various types of tea which have been used for a long time for health maintenance promotion and disease treatment. There is loquat tea. Loquat leaves contain vitamins such as amygdalin (vitamin B17), which have the effect of purifying blood and providing analgesia, and are effective for stomachic and diuresis. [0003] A conventional method of producing loquat tea is to wash the pickled loquat leaves to remove dirt and pesticides, drain the water, dry, and then chop the loquat leaves to a size that is easy to use. It consists of putting in hot water. [0004] Since loquat leaves, which are conventional materials for the production of loquat tea, use fruit cultivated species for the purpose of harvesting fruits, nutrients are collected in the fruits, and loquat is collected. There is a drawback that nutrients are not sufficiently distributed to the leaves, so that the original effect cannot be obtained even when used as a medicinal product. Further, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to drink because of lack of flavor. [0005] In addition, in order to use cultivated fruits, cleaning must be performed sufficiently to remove harmful pesticides attached to loquat leaves. . [0006] Furthermore, since the cleaning of the loquat leaves is a manual operation, there is a drawback that it takes much time and cannot be manufactured in large quantities. [0007] Accordingly, the present invention, the production of a large amount of production of the loquat tea with a flavor by using a useful loquat leaf as a health tea
Equipment is provided. [0008] [0009] [Means for Solving the Problems] manufacturing facilities loquat tea of the present invention is to wash the free fruit cultivation and organic cultivation has been loquat leaves, rotating at both ends to remove fluff A pair of bu
Generates water flow in a brushing device with a brush and a water tank
A washing / fluff removing tank equipped with a water flow generating device, a shearing device for finely shearing semi-dried loquat leaves after washing and fluff in the washing / fluff removing tank washing tank, and a solar drying after shearing with the shearing device And a roasting device for roasting the loquat leaves with a tourmaline sphere therebetween. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the method for producing loquat tea according to the present invention, the washing and fluff removing step comprises washing a loquat leaf by placing a net basket containing loquat leaves in agitated water. Along with
After removing the fluff on the back of the loquat leaves, a step of immersing the net basket in functional water can be performed. [0011] Further, the washing and cleaning of the loquat tea production equipment of the present invention.
The fluff removing water tank can be provided with a brushing device having a pair of brushes rotating at both ends thereof, and a water flow generating device for generating a water flow in the water tank. As the loquat leaves used in the present invention, fruitless cultivated cultivated without cultivating the loquat is used. Fruitless cultivation allows the nutrients to be sufficiently distributed to the loquat leaves, and the best loquat leaves can be harvested as tea leaves rich in chlorophyll. In addition, pesticide spraying is not required in fruitless cultivation, so loquat leaves with high safety can be harvested. Since loquat cultivated without pesticides is used, sufficient washing can be performed by immersing the loquat leaves after harvest in running water . FIG. 1 is a view showing one example of a washing / fluff removing water tank used in the washing / fluff removing step of the present invention. Do. The water in the water tank 1 is supplied so as to overflow from both ends of the water tank 1 . At both ends of the water tank 1, a pair of brushes 3a to rotate, 3b, 3c, 3d
Is installed. The loquat leaves floating on the surface of the water are brushed by the water flow with the brushes 3a of the brushing device 4,
By passing between 3b, 3c, and 3d, the loquat leaves are washed, and the fluff on the back surface of the loquat leaves is scraped off, thereby removing the unpleasant taste and harshness of loquat tea. The loquat leaves after washing and fluff removal fall into the net basket 5 due to overflowing water. [0015] Loquat leaves after washing and fluff removal are drained and sent to the next semi-drying step. The drained loquat leaves are placed on a wire mesh, semi-dried to about 60%, and sent to a shearing process. In the shearing process, it is cut to a size suitable for use. Usually about 2mm
Shear to width x about 1 mm length. The cut loquat leaves are placed on a wire mesh and dried completely by the sun. In the sun drying, physiologically active substances such as vitamins increase, and a fragrant tea leaf can be produced. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a roasting apparatus used in the roasting step of the present invention. The sun-dried loquat leaves are sent to a roasting process, in which a large wok-shaped ironware 10 tilted forward and placed on a heating device 9 equipped with a burner 8 and the like.
The loquat leaves and tourmaline balls having a diameter of about 1 cm are mixed and roasted while stirring well. A hood 11 may be provided in the upper half of the ironware 10. In the roasting, the loquat is roasted while raising the loquat tea into the air and improving the supply state of oxygen while controlling the degree of roasting of the loquat tea by hand. For example, about 400 g of tea leaves are roasted at a pot bottom temperature of about 300 ° C. for about 4 minutes in one roasting. Tourmaline (an tourmaline) is the only natural ore that constantly emits negative ions, but it also generates piezoelectric (piezoelectric) and pyroelectric (pyroelectric) and emits far-infrared rays. It has a warming action, an antibacterial action, and a deodorizing / deodorizing action. In roasting, a pyroelectric effect is particularly exerted to supply a large amount of negative ions.
By utilizing these synergistic effects, the use of tourmaline spheres enables the extraction of active ingredients that contribute to health contained in loquat leaves and also extracts umami components. By this roasting, more glossy tea leaves are produced. The loquat tea produced according to the present invention has a transparent brown color when immersed in hot water, has a higher aroma than conventional loquat tea, has a subtle umami when drunk, and has a good taste. Was. The loquat tea produced according to the present invention is:
In order to speed up the extraction of the components, powdered tea may be used and a tibac type may be used. According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a large quantity of flavored loquat tea using loquat leaves, which are useful as healthy tea, without taking time and effort.
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の洗浄・綿毛除去工程に使用する洗浄・
綿毛除去水槽の1例を示す図である。
【図2】本発明の焙煎工程で使用する焙煎装置の概略図
である。
【符号の説明】
1:水槽
2:水流発生装置
3a〜3d:ブラシ
4:ブラッシング装置5:
網籠
8:バーナー
9:加熱装置
10:鉄器
11:フードBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cleaning / flushing used in the cleaning / fluff removing step of the present invention.
It is a figure showing an example of a fluff removal tank. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a roasting apparatus used in the roasting process of the present invention .
It is. [Description of Signs] 1: Water tank 2: Water flow generating devices 3a to 3d: Brush 4: Brushing device 5: Net basket 8: Burner 9: Heating device 10: Ironware 11: Hood
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平3−266954(JP,A) 特開 平5−56772(JP,A) 特開 平8−89219(JP,A) 特開 平9−23980(JP,A) 特開 平10−165812(JP,A) 特開 平11−43367(JP,A) 特開 平9−154547(JP,A) 特開 平1−124370(JP,A) 特開 平10−229863(JP,A) 特開 平10−4881(JP,A) 特開 昭62−79761(JP,A) 実公 昭61−78(JP,Y1) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) A23L 2/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-3-266954 (JP, A) JP-A-5-56772 (JP, A) JP-A-8-89219 (JP, A) JP-A-9-92 23980 (JP, A) JP-A-10-165812 (JP, A) JP-A-11-43367 (JP, A) JP-A 9-154547 (JP, A) JP-A-1-124370 (JP, A) JP-A-10-229863 (JP, A) JP-A-10-4881 (JP, A) JP-A-62-79761 (JP, A) JP-A-61-78 (JP, Y1) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) A23L 2/00
Claims (1)
葉を洗浄するとともに綿毛を除去する両端に回転する一
対のブラシを備えたブラッシング装置と、水槽内に水流
を発生させる水流発生装置とを備えた洗浄・綿毛除去水
槽と、 洗浄・綿毛除去水槽洗浄槽で洗浄・綿毛除去した後に半
乾燥したビワの葉を細かく剪断する剪断装置と、 剪断装置で剪断後に天日乾燥したビワの葉をトルマリン
球を介在させて焙煎する焙煎装置とを備えていることを
特徴とするビワ茶の製造設備。 (57) [Claims] [Claim 1] Loquats cultivated without fruits and without pesticides
Rotate on both ends to wash leaves and remove fluff
Brushing device with twin brushes and water flow in water tank
And fluff removal water with a water flow generator for generating water
After washing and removing the fluff in the tank and
A shearing device that finely shears the dried loquat leaves and tourmaline
A roasting device for roasting with a ball in between.
Characteristic loquat tea manufacturing equipment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15878199A JP3452351B2 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-04 | Loquat tea production equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15878199A JP3452351B2 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-04 | Loquat tea production equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000342229A JP2000342229A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
| JP3452351B2 true JP3452351B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
Family
ID=15679202
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15878199A Expired - Lifetime JP3452351B2 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 1999-06-04 | Loquat tea production equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3452351B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110477139A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-22 | 贵州省茶叶研究所 | A kind of reinforcer taking off milli efficiency for improving tealeaves |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020093416A (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-16 | 채점식 | A method extracting the essence from tourmaline |
| WO2006013866A1 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2006-02-09 | Nagasaki Prefectural Government | Fermented tea produced by rubbing starting tea leaves and japanese medlar leaves and composition having extract contained in the fermented tea as the active ingredient |
| JP4974116B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-07-11 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | Foods and beverages and pharmaceuticals containing loquat leaf extract |
| JP2014101286A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-06-05 | Totsukawa Nojo:Kk | Antitumor action and liver function improvement action of loquat tea |
| JP2014177454A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-09-25 | Kagoshima Univ | Food and drink and pharmaceutical preparation containing nejime biwa tea extract |
| CN104705460B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2018-01-05 | 陈娜卿 | A kind of loquat leaf tea and its processing method |
| CN104770530A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-15 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所海南分所 | Preparation method of mallotus oblongifolius (miq.) muell.-arg matcha |
| JP6480635B1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-13 | 農業生産法人 有限会社十津川農場 | Biwa tea production method |
| CN115568520B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-10-13 | 黄山市张立龙茶业有限公司 | Loquat tea manufacturing method |
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1999
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110477139A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-22 | 贵州省茶叶研究所 | A kind of reinforcer taking off milli efficiency for improving tealeaves |
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