JP3163005B2 - Method for producing negative electrode zinc-based alloy powder for alkaline battery - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a negative electrode zinc-based alloy powder for an alkaline battery containing a trace amount of metal, which is effective for suppressing generation of hydrogen gas before and after discharge and improving load discharge characteristics.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional zinc-based alloy powder used as a negative electrode active material of an alkaline battery does not use lead, cadmium, and mercury, which are deemed environmentally harmful, without generating hydrogen gas before and after discharge. To improve load discharge characteristics,
Intensive research has been conducted, and a small amount of metal that is effective and relatively safe for these improvements has been found and adopted, and an alkaline battery that can be practically used has been realized.

[0003] Examples of this trace metal include bismuth,
Aluminum, indium, gallium, lithium, sodium, etc., about how much of these trace metals should be added and how much, and if these trace metals are added in combination to obtain a large synergistic effect,
A lot of meaningful data has been accumulated. For example, electrochemical 59, No. 4 (1991), pages 325 to 329
On the page, a method is described in which hydrogen gas generation due to self-discharge occurs from the crystal grain boundaries of the zinc-based alloy powder, and hydrogen gas generation can be suppressed to some extent by adding bismuth with a high hydrogen overvoltage alone, but does not change to bismuth oxide. It has been reported that this is necessary.

The generation of hydrogen gas from the crystal grain boundaries is caused by the fact that the crystal grain boundaries have poorer coordination between atoms and accumulate strains and the like as compared with the inside of the crystal grains. This causes the hydrogen gas generation reaction to proceed.
It has been.

Accordingly, the present inventors conducted a hydrogen gas generation test in order to verify the effectiveness and problems caused by adding bismuth alone. As a test method, as a test of hydrogen gas generation of the battery, measurement of a gas generation amount during storage of the battery before discharging and measurement of a gas generation amount after discharging were performed. As a measurement of the gas generation amount before the discharge, the zinc-based alloy powder to which bismuth was added was put into a gas pipette together with a saturated 40% by weight KOH solution of zinc oxide, and hydrogen was stored at a temperature of about 60 ° C. for 3 days. The gas generation amount was measured, and the gas generation index K was calculated from the gas generation amount using the following equation. At this time, the corresponding change in the gas generation index K was determined by changing the amount of bismuth added.

K = amount of gas generated [cc] / (amount of zinc-based alloy powder [g] × days of storage [day]) In addition, as a measurement of a gas generated after discharge, a zinc-based alloy containing bismuth alone was used. The alloy powder is used for a battery having a configuration shown in the vertical sectional view of FIG. 1, and this battery is connected to a resistance of 2 ohms at a temperature of about 20 ° C. and over-discharged.
Was measured, and the amount of bismuth added at this time was changed to obtain a corresponding change in the amount of gas generated. At this time, the amount of generated gas was measured by putting the discharged battery in a gas pipette together with liquid paraffin, storing the battery at a temperature of about 60 ° C. for 3 days, and measuring the amount of hydrogen gas discharged from the battery during storage. Was determined.

[0007] As a specific configuration of the cell shown in Figure 1 was used this time, an alkaline battery L R2 0 format compliant with JIS, cell case of the bottomed cylindrical type - power generating element inside the scan 1 The inside of the battery is sealed by caulking the negative electrode terminal plate 3 to the opening through the sealing gasket 2 via a sealing gasket 2, and the power collecting element includes a current collecting rod 4 electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal plate 3. A negative electrode 5, a separator 6, and a positive electrode mixture 7 mainly composed of manganese dioxide are formed so as to penetrate the center of the sealing gasket 2 and surround the outer periphery of the current collecting rod 4.
Are concentrically filled. This negative electrode was prepared by adding a zinc-based alloy powder of 65% by weight to a 40% by weight KOH solution saturated with zinc oxide, 65% by weight, and polyacrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate as gelling agents. A gel was prepared by mixing 0.5% by weight.

[0008]

[Table 1] As a result of the hydrogen gas generation test described above, as shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the gas generation amount before discharge was suppressed to some extent by adding bismuth alone.

[0009]

However, in a zinc-based alloy powder to which only bismuth is added alone as described above, as shown in Table 1, the amount of gas generated after discharge is such that bismuth is added. It becomes bigger as it goes. If gas generation increases after discharge, there is a possibility that problems such as deterioration of load discharge performance and liquid leakage may occur.

Further, the effect of suppressing the generation of gas before discharge is not yet sufficient, and improvement is desired to suppress the generation of hydrogen gas before and after discharge.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to improve the amount of hydrogen gas generated before and after discharge and the load discharge characteristics, such as mercury, cadmium and lead. zinc-based alloy powder used as the negative electrode active material of an alkaline battery that does not contain hazardous substances
It is to provide a manufacturing method .

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing a negative electrode zinc-based alloy powder for an alkaline battery according to the present invention is provided.
In the method , bismuth (hereinafter referred to as Bi) is 0.001 to 0.5% by weight based on pure zinc , and magnesium (hereinafter referred to as Bi).
0.0015-0.07% by weight of tin (hereinafter referred to as Mg)
Lower Sn) in the range of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight.
Zinc-based alloys that have no other than unavoidable impurities
Powder is placed in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere for 100 to 4
The heat treatment is performed in the range of 00 ° C.

[0013]

Although the operation of the present invention according to the above configuration has not been clearly elucidated at present, the inventors presume as follows.

As described above, the location where hydrogen gas is generated is as follows.
This is the crystal grain boundary of the zinc-based alloy powder, in which distortion and the like are accumulated and the consistency between atoms is poor. Therefore, when Bi is contained in pure zinc in a predetermined range, Bi has a high hydrogen overvoltage, and this precipitates at the crystal grain boundaries of zinc, thereby suppressing gas generation before discharge. However, load discharge produces bismuth oxide. Since bismuth oxide has a low hydrogen overvoltage, hydrogen gas is generated with load discharge. In addition, at the time of load discharge, zinc oxide is generated in addition to the above-described bismuth oxide, and this zinc oxide inhibits the load discharge reaction, so that the load discharge time is reduced.

Therefore, when Mg is added to pure zinc in addition to Bi, a Bi—Mg based intermetallic compound is generated, and the Bi—Mg based intermetallic compound suppresses the formation of bismuth oxide accompanying load discharge. Therefore, gas generation after load discharge is suppressed. In addition, since Mg also has a function of suppressing the formation of zinc oxide during load discharge,
The load discharge time increases.

If Sn is contained in pure zinc in addition to Bi and Mg, Sn has a high hydrogen overpotential like Bi, which precipitates at the crystal grain boundaries of zinc, thereby suppressing gas generation before discharge. Work. In addition, when Sn is contained in the zinc-based alloy, it has a function of refining zinc crystal grains, so that the consistency between atoms at crystal grain boundaries is improved, and strain is reduced. In addition, Sn also has the function of finely dispersing the Bi-Mg based intermetallic compound when contained in the zinc-based alloy, and the finely dispersed Bi-Mg based intermetallic compound precipitates at the crystal grain boundaries of zinc. And functions to suppress gas generation before discharge.

[0018]

[0019]

Further, the zinc-based alloy powder containing a trace amount of metal may be mixed with the zinc-based alloy powder in an atmosphere of a vacuum or an inert gas for 100 to 100.
When the heat treatment is performed in the range of 400 ° C., the above-mentioned trace metal having an action of suppressing hydrogen gas generation is precipitated at the crystal grain boundaries, and the strain at the crystal grain boundaries causing hydrogen gas generation is relieved or eliminated by recrystallization of zinc. Therefore, the effect of suppressing the hydrogen gas by the trace metal is further promoted, and the generation of hydrogen gas before discharging of the battery using the same is further suppressed.

[0021]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First to third steps of the present invention will be described below. First, the first step will be described. Pure zinc ingot having a zinc purity of 99.9986% by weight or more is used as a raw material. At this time, unavoidable impurities are not considered. A trace metal is added to the pure zinc at a ratio in the range described below to obtain a molten metal. Next, the molten zinc-based alloy is made into a powder state in a chamber by a well-known gas atomizing method.

At this time, when the zinc-based alloy in a molten state to which each trace metal is added is gas-sprayed in the chamber, the finely-divided zinc-based alloy is cooled and solidified into powder.

According to the above-described method for preparing a zinc-based alloy powder, zinc in which Mg is changed in a composition range of 0.001 to 0.08% by weight under the condition that 0.2% by weight of Bi is added to pure zinc. A base alloy powder was produced. Then, these zinc-based alloy powders were sieved to a particle size range of 35 to 200 mesh, and subjected to a hydrogen gas generation test and a load discharge test. At this time, the reason why Bi was set to 0.2% by weight is that both the amount of hydrogen gas generated before the discharge and the value obtained after the discharge in Table 1 described above were selected as typical values.

In the hydrogen gas generation test, the amount of gas generated before the discharge and the amount of gas generated after the discharge were measured by the same method as the test described in the section of the prior art. As a load discharge test, a discharge end voltage of 0 when a gas generation amount after discharge was measured.
The discharge time up to V was measured. The discharge time was 0.2% by weight of Bi and 0.2% of Mg with respect to pure zinc.
The discharge time in the case where 08% by weight was added was defined as 100, and the percentage was expressed as a percentage. The above is shown in Table 2 as Test Example 1.

[0025]

[Table 2] In Test Example 1 of Table 2 above, as a practically desirable condition, the gas generation index K before discharge is less than 0.1, the gas generation amount after discharge is less than 3.1, and the discharge time is 110%. I decided to exceed it. As a result, the Mg content in the Bi-containing zinc-based alloy is 0.0015 to 0.5%.
In the range of 07% by weight, effects were recognized on the gas generation index K before discharge, the gas generation amount after discharge and the discharge time.

As for the gas generation before the discharge, as shown by the gas generation index K, the effect of suppressing the effect increases with the addition of Mg. large. Further, as the amount of Mg added increases, the effect of suppressing the effect becomes weaker. Further, as described above, the amount of hydrogen gas generated after the discharge, which had been a problem only by adding Bi alone, can be reduced, and the suppression effect increases with the addition of Mg. In the case, the suppression effect is the largest, and M
As the amount of g added increases, the suppression effect diminishes.
Further, as for the discharge time, the discharge time becomes longer as Mg is added, and when this is 0.01% by weight, the discharge time is the longest. I will do it.

Therefore, as a practical range, Mg is added to the Bi-containing zinc-based alloy in an amount of 0.0015 to 0.07% by weight.
It has been found that by adding in the range, gas generation is suppressed, and when this is used for an alkaline battery, hydrogen gas generation before and after discharge can be suppressed and the load discharge characteristics are improved.

Next , the second step of the present invention will be described. Based on the knowledge of the first step , zinc-based alloy powder to which Sn having a high hydrogen overvoltage is added to zinc-based alloy to which Bi and Mg are added. Produced. As a manufacturing method, the same method as in the first step was used. In order to specify the practical range of addition of Sn, 0.2% by weight of Bi and 0.01% by weight of M having the longest discharge time in the first step were used.
g under the condition of adding g to pure zinc.
Zinc-based alloy powders having a composition range of 0.70% by weight were prepared, and a hydrogen gas generation test and a load discharge test of these zinc-based alloy powders were performed in the same manner as in the first step . The above is shown in Table 3 as Test Example 2.

[0029]

[Table 3] In Test Example 2 in Table 3 above, as a practically desirable condition, the pre-discharge gas generation index K was set to less than 0.06 and the discharge time was set to exceed 130%.
At this time, in Table 2 described in the first step , the discharge time when 0.08% by weight of Mg was added was set to 100, and the discharge time was set as a percentage. As a result, the Sn content in the zinc-based alloy to which Bi and Mg were added was 0.001 to 0.001.
In the range of 0.50% by weight, effects were recognized on the pre-discharge gas generation index K and the discharge time, respectively.

As for the gas generation before the discharge, as shown by the gas generation index K, the suppression effect increases as Sn is added, and when the content is 0.03% by weight, the suppression effect is the most. large. Further, as the amount of Sn added increases, the effect of suppressing the effect becomes weaker. As for the discharge time, the discharge time increases with the addition of Sn, and the discharge time is the longest when this is 0.15% by weight. Further, the discharge time decreases as the amount of Sn added increases.

Therefore, as a practical range, Bi and M
g in a zinc-based alloy containing 0.001 to 0.50
By adding in the range of weight%, generation of hydrogen gas is further suppressed as compared with the case where Sn is not added, and when this is used for an alkaline battery, generation of hydrogen gas before discharge can be further suppressed and load discharge characteristics are further improved. I learned to do it.

The practical range of addition of Mg in the zinc-based alloy was confirmed in the first step as shown in Table 2, but the zinc-based alloy containing Sn in addition to Bi and Mg was used. In order to confirm again the practical addition range of Mg, based on the knowledge of Test Example 2, 0.15% by weight of Sn and 0.2% by weight of which discharge time was the longest in the load discharge test of Table 3. In the same manner as in the first step , a zinc-based alloy powder in which Mg was changed in a composition range of 0.0012 to 0.08% by weight under the condition of adding Bi to pure zinc was prepared. The hydrogen gas generation test and the load discharge test were performed in the same manner as in the first step . Test Example 3 above
As shown in Table 4.

[0033]

[Table 4] In Test Example 3 in Table 4 above, as a practically desirable condition, the gas generation index K was set to less than 0.1, the gas generation amount was set to less than 3.0, and the discharge time was set to 11
It was decided to exceed 0%. At this time, in Table 2 described in the first step , the discharge time when 0.08% by weight of Mg was added was set to 100, and the discharge time was set as a percentage. As a result, Mg in the zinc-based alloy to which Bi and Sn are added
In the gas generation index K, the gas generation amount, and the discharge time in the range of 0.0015 to 0.07% by weight.

Regarding the gas generation before the discharge, the effect of suppressing the gas generation increases with the addition of Mg.
In the case of 1% by weight, the suppression effect is the largest. Further, as Mg is added, the effect of the suppression is reduced.
In addition, the amount of hydrogen gas generated after the discharge can be reduced, and as Mg is added, the suppression effect increases.
In the case of 3% by weight, the suppression effect is the largest, and the suppression effect becomes weaker as Mg is added.
Further, with respect to the discharge time, the discharge time becomes longer as Mg is added, and when this is 0.01% by weight, the discharge time is longer, and as the Mg is further added, the discharge time becomes shorter. Go.

Therefore, when 0.01% by weight of Mg and 0.15% by weight of Sn are contained in a zinc-based alloy containing 0.2% by weight of Bi, the generation of hydrogen gas can be further suppressed. It has been found that when is used in an alkaline battery, generation of hydrogen gas before and after discharge can be suppressed, and the load discharge characteristics can be further improved.

[0036]

[0037]

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041]

[0042]

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

Next , the third step of the present invention will be described.
In the process, it has been found that heat treatment of the zinc-based alloy powder has an effect on the generation of hydrogen gas, and this is based on this knowledge. First, as the zinc-based alloy, the second
Based on the knowledge of the process, the effect of suppressing the gas generation of the zinc-based alloy powder to which Bi, Mg and Sn were added was examined after the heat treatment was performed in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. More specifically, in the second step , the best amount of hydrogen gas generated before discharge and the best load discharge characteristics in the second step were shown. Bi was 0.2% by weight, Mg was 0.01% by weight, and Sn was 0.1% by weight.
As described in the first step , the zinc-based alloy containing 5% by weight is made into a powder state by the gas atomization method, and the zinc-based alloy powder is heat-treated in a vacuum or in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon. did.

[0052] The above manner to check the validity of the produced zinc-based alloy powder, the first and second Industrial hydrogen gas generation test before discharge by changing the atmosphere during the heat treatment
Performed similarly. Specifically, there were three kinds of atmospheres of an argon gas atmosphere, a vacuum atmosphere, and the air, and two kinds of heat treatment temperatures of 150 ° C. and 350 ° C. As a comparison, a test was also performed on a sample that was not heat-treated (untreated). The above is shown in Table 5 as Test Example 4 .

[0053]

[Table 5] In Test Example 4 in Table 5 above, it was confirmed that heat treatment in an inert gas or vacuum atmosphere had a hydrogen gas generation suppressing effect as compared with heat treatment in the air and untreated. In particular, it was found that the higher the heat treatment temperature, the better this suppression effect.

Next, in order to examine the effective heat treatment temperature of the zinc-based alloy powder in an argon atmosphere as an inert gas, a hydrogen gas generation test before discharge was performed for each heat treatment temperature in the range of 90 to 410 ° C. in Test Example 4 above. Performed in the same manner as The above is shown in Table 6 as Test Example 5 .

[0055]

[Table 6] In Test Example 5 of Table 6 above, when the heat treatment temperature was lower than 100 ° C., the hydrogen gas generation suppressing effect was not obtained, and as this increased, the hydrogen gas generation suppressing effect increased.
It was confirmed that when the temperature exceeded 400 ° C., the zinc alloy powder was sintered or melted and could not be used as a negative electrode material for an alkaline battery. Therefore, it is preferable that this heat treatment temperature be in the range of 100 to 400 ° C.

From the results of Test Examples 4 and 5 above, when the zinc-based alloy of the third step was used for an alkaline battery, the generation of hydrogen gas before discharge was larger than that of the non-heat-treated zinc-based alloy. It was confirmed that the suppression was excellent. In addition, the hydrogen gas generation after the load discharge was measured in the same manner as in the first and second steps . As a result, it was confirmed that the hydrogen gas generation was reduced to about half as compared with the case where no heat treatment was performed.

In the first to third steps of the present invention described above, it is possible to suppress the generation of hydrogen gas before and after the discharge of the alkaline battery and to perform the load discharge without containing indium, which has been widely used in the prior art. Characteristics can be improved.

[0058]

As described above in detail, according to the method for producing a negative electrode zinc-based alloy powder for an alkaline battery of the present invention, harmful substances such as mercury, cadmium and lead are not contained in zinc, and Bi and Mg are not contained. By containing relatively safe metals such as Al and Sn in the above-mentioned combinations and ratios, the amount of hydrogen gas generated is suppressed, and the generation of hydrogen gas before and after discharge of alkaline batteries using this as a negative electrode is suppressed. And load discharge characteristics can be improved.

[0059]

[0060]

Further, when the zinc-based alloy powder is heat-treated at 100 to 400 ° C. in a vacuum or an atmosphere of an inert gas, the generation of hydrogen gas before discharge of an alkaline battery using the same is further suppressed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an alkaline battery using a zinc-based alloy powder that can be applied to the present invention and that is common to conventional ones.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Sealing gasket 3 Negative electrode terminal plate 4 Current collecting rod 5 Negative electrode 6 Separator 7 Positive electrode mixture

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuo Matsui 5-36-11 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside Fuji Electric Chemical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kiyohide Tsutsui 5-36-11 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. Fuji Electric Chemical Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-299083 (JP, A) JP-A-8-22822 (JP, A) JP-A-6-36964 (JP, A) JP-A-7 153449 (JP, A) JP-A-8-96808 (JP, A) JP-A-7-161356 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 4/42 C22C 18/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] (1) Bismuth is 0.001 to pure zinc.
0.5% by weight , 0.0015 to 0.07 of magnesium
% By weight, contains tin in the range of 0.001 to 0.5% by weight
And zinc-based alloy powder that contains no other unavoidable impurities
100 to 40 under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere
An alkali characterized by being heat-treated at a temperature of 0 ° C.
A method for producing a negative electrode zinc-based alloy powder for a battery.