JP3058991B2 - Multi-stage honeycomb heater and method of operating the same - Google Patents
Multi-stage honeycomb heater and method of operating the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP3058991B2 JP3058991B2 JP4202061A JP20206192A JP3058991B2 JP 3058991 B2 JP3058991 B2 JP 3058991B2 JP 4202061 A JP4202061 A JP 4202061A JP 20206192 A JP20206192 A JP 20206192A JP 3058991 B2 JP3058991 B2 JP 3058991B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb
- heater
- stage
- honeycomb heater
- upstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、複数個のハニカムヒー
ターからなる多段ハニカムヒーターおよびその運転方法
に関し、詳しくは、自動車の排ガス浄化系に用いるため
のプレヒーター等として好適に使用できる多段ハニカム
ヒーターおよびその運転方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-stage honeycomb heater comprising a plurality of honeycomb heaters and a method for operating the same, and more particularly, to a multi-stage honeycomb heater which can be suitably used as a pre-heater for use in an exhaust gas purification system of an automobile. And its operation method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、自動車の排ガス中の窒素酸化物
（ＮＯX ）、一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）及び炭化水素（ＨＣ）
等の有害物質を浄化するための自動車用排ガス浄化装置
の研究開発が活発に行われているが、特に近年において
は、排ガス規制の強化とともに、エンジン作動時（コー
ルドスタート時）におけるこれら有害物質の浄化が重要
な技術課題となっている。すなわち、エンジン作動直後
のように排ガスの温度が低いときは、触媒がその作用温
度に到達しないので浄化能が低く、そのうえ、この時期
は、連続運転をしているときに比べ、大量のＨＣを排出
しているため、自動車の排ガスによる有害物質の全排出
量のうち、エンジン作動時の有害物質の排出量が大きな
割合を占めているのである。Conventionally, nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of an automobile (NO X), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)
Research and development of exhaust gas purifying equipment for automobiles to purify harmful substances such as toxic substances have been actively carried out. Purification is an important technical issue. That is, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, for example, immediately after the operation of the engine, the catalyst does not reach its operating temperature, so that the purification performance is low. The emission of harmful substances during engine operation accounts for a large proportion of the total emission of harmful substances from automobile exhaust gas.
【０００３】そして、このような技術課題を達成する手
段の１つとして、通電発熱型ヒーターをエンジン作動前
又はエンジン作動と同時に通電し、ヒーター上に担持さ
せた触媒や、ヒーターの後方に近接させて配置したメイ
ン触媒を、触媒の作用温度まで速やかに昇温する技術が
注目されている。例えば、本願出願人が先に出願した、
特開平３−２９５１８４号公報には、多数の貫通孔を有
するハニカム構造体に、通電のための少なくとも２つの
電極を設けるとともに、該電極間にスリット等の抵抗調
節機構を設けた抵抗調節型ヒーターが開示されている。
また、特表平３−５０９１１号公報には、電気的な加熱
ヒーターが、複数個、順次配列されたヒーターが開示さ
れている。As one of means for achieving such technical problems, an energizing and heating type heater is energized before or at the same time as the engine is operated so that the catalyst carried on the heater or the heater is brought close to the rear of the heater. Attention has been focused on a technique for quickly raising the temperature of a main catalyst arranged in a vertical direction to the operating temperature of the catalyst. For example, the applicant has previously filed an application,
JP-A-3-295184 discloses a resistance-adjustable heater in which a honeycomb structure having a large number of through holes is provided with at least two electrodes for energization and a resistance adjustment mechanism such as a slit is provided between the electrodes. Is disclosed.
Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-50911 discloses a heater in which a plurality of electric heaters are sequentially arranged.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、これら
のヒーターは、その全体が均一に触媒作用温度にまで昇
温するのではなく、コールドスタート時に発生するまだ
温まっていない排ガスによって、ヒーターの上流部（排
ガスの入口側）が冷却され、この部分が触媒作用温度に
到達し難いという問題がある。一方、上流部で発生した
熱は、ヒーター内部を吹き抜ける排ガスに奪われて下流
部に移動し、このため排ガスの流路に沿ってヒーター内
部に温度分布が生じることになるが、下流部の温度が上
がり過ぎても浄化率はさほど向上しない。However, these heaters are not uniformly heated up to the catalysis temperature as a whole, but are heated by an unheated exhaust gas generated at the time of cold start. There is a problem that the portion (the inlet side of the exhaust gas) is cooled, and it is difficult for this portion to reach the catalytic action temperature. On the other hand, the heat generated in the upstream portion is taken by the exhaust gas flowing through the inside of the heater and moves to the downstream portion, so that a temperature distribution occurs inside the heater along the flow path of the exhaust gas. The purification rate does not improve so much even if it rises too much.
【０００５】上記特開平３−２９５１８４号記載のヒー
ターは、スリット等の抵抗調節機構により発熱量を制御
でき、局所的又は全体的な昇温を行うことができるとさ
れているが、このようなガス流れ方向に対する温度分布
を解消するための具体的な方法については何等開示して
いない。また、特表平３−５０９１１号公報記載のヒー
ターにあっては、複数個の外部スイッチを用いて、各ヒ
ーターの通電を制御する方法が採られているものの、ヒ
ータの抵抗と熱容量の調節がとられていないので、上流
側の温度低下は回避し難く、加えて、外部スイッチとそ
の制御に関し、煩雑なシステムを必要とするという欠点
を有する。本発明は、このような従来技術の問題点に鑑
み、上流部と下流部のヒーターが温度分布を生じること
なく比較的均一に昇温するか、あるいは上流部のヒータ
の方が下流部のヒーターより速く昇温する多段ハニカム
ヒーターを提供することを目的とする。The heater described in JP-A-3-295184 is said to be capable of controlling the amount of heat generated by a resistance adjusting mechanism such as a slit or the like, and capable of locally or entirely increasing the temperature. No specific method is disclosed for eliminating the temperature distribution in the gas flow direction. Further, in the heater described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-50911, although a method of controlling the energization of each heater using a plurality of external switches is adopted, the resistance and heat capacity of the heater are adjusted. Since it is not taken, the temperature drop on the upstream side is difficult to avoid, and in addition, there is a disadvantage that a complicated system is required for the external switch and its control. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and the heaters in the upstream and the downstream are relatively uniformly heated without generating a temperature distribution, or the heaters in the upstream are more downstream heaters. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-stage honeycomb heater that heats up faster.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明によれば、導電性のハニカム構造体からなる
複数個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って
配置されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該複数
個のハニカムヒーターが電気的に並列に連結され、かつ
少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗が、隣接
する下流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗よりも小さいこと
を特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターが提供される。ま
た、本発明によれば、導電性のハニカム構造体からなる
複数個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って
配置されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該複数
個のハニカムヒーターのうち、少なくとも最上流部のハ
ニカムヒーターの開孔率が、隣接する下流部のハニカム
ヒーターの開孔率よりも大きいことを特徴とする多段ハ
ニカムヒーターが提供される。 さらに、本発明によれ
ば、導電性のハニカム構造体からなる複数個のハニカム
ヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って配置されてなる多
段ハニカムヒーターであって、該ハニカムヒーターが、
抵抗調節機構として、貫通軸方向に平行なスリットを有
しており、該複数個のハニカムヒーターのうち、少なく
とも最上流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗及び／又は熱容
量を調節することにより、最上流部のハニカムヒーター
の投入電力／熱容量の値が、隣接する下流部のハニカム
ヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値よりも大きくなるよう
にしたことを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターが提供さ
れる。 さらにまた、本発明によれば、導電性のハニカム
構造体からなる複数個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流
路方向に沿って配置されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターで
あって、該ハニカム構造体が、粉末原料をハニカム状に
押出成形し、焼結させたものであり、該複数個のハニカ
ムヒーターのうち、少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒー
ターの抵抗及び／又は熱容量を調節することにより、最
上流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値が、
隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量
の値よりも大きくなるようにしたことを特徴とする多段
ハニカムヒーターが提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a multi-stage honeycomb in which a plurality of honeycomb heaters each having a conductive honeycomb structure are arranged along a flow direction of exhaust gas. a heater, several honeycomb heaters plurality are electrically connected in parallel, and
At least the resistance of the most upstream honeycomb heater is adjacent
A multistage honeycomb heater characterized in that the resistance is lower than the resistance of the downstream honeycomb heater . Ma
Further, according to the present invention, the conductive honeycomb structure
Multiple honeycomb heaters along the flow path of exhaust gas
A multi-stage honeycomb heater arranged, wherein
Of the honeycomb heaters, at least
The opening ratio of the honeycomb heater is lower than the honeycomb of the adjacent downstream part.
Multistage c, characterized by being larger than the opening ratio of the heater
A honeycomb heater is provided. Further according to the invention
For example, a plurality of honeycombs made of a conductive honeycomb structure
Many heaters are arranged along the exhaust gas flow direction.
A step honeycomb heater, wherein the honeycomb heater comprises:
A slit parallel to the penetration axis direction is provided as a resistance adjustment mechanism.
And among the plurality of honeycomb heaters,
The resistance and / or heat capacity of the honeycomb heater at the uppermost part
By adjusting the amount, the most upstream honeycomb heater
Of input power / heat capacity of the downstream honeycomb
Heater input power / heat capacity value should be greater than
Multi-stage honeycomb heater is provided.
It is. Furthermore, according to the present invention, a conductive honeycomb
Multiple honeycomb heaters consisting of structures
With a multi-stage honeycomb heater arranged along the road direction
Then, the honeycomb structure converts the powdery raw material into a honeycomb shape.
Extruded and sintered, the plurality of honeycombs
Of the heaters at least in the uppermost stream
By adjusting the resistance and / or heat capacity of the
The value of input power / heat capacity of the upstream honeycomb heater is
Power input / heat capacity of adjacent honeycomb heater
Multi-stage, characterized by being larger than the value of
A honeycomb heater is provided.
【０００７】本発明において、最上流部のハニカムヒー
ターの投入電力／熱容量の値が、隣接する下流部のハニ
カムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値よりも大きくなる
ようにするための抵抗の調節手法としては、本発明を構
成する複数個のハニカムヒーターを電気的に直列に連結
し、少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒータの抵抗を、隣
接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗よりも大きくす
る方法や、複数個のハニカムヒーターを電気的に並列に
連結し、少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒータの抵抗
を、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗よりも小
さくする方法が好適なものとして挙げられる。なお、こ
の場合の抵抗調節は、ハニカム構造体の貫通軸方向に平
行なスリットを設けることにより行うのが好ましい。
又、本発明では、複数個のハニカムヒーターは、電気的
に直列及び／又は並列に連結されていることが好まし
い。In the present invention, as a method of adjusting the resistance so that the value of the input power / heat capacity of the honeycomb heater in the most upstream portion becomes larger than the value of the input power / heat capacity of the adjacent honeycomb heater. A plurality of honeycomb heaters constituting the present invention are electrically connected in series, and at least the resistance of the most upstream honeycomb heater is made larger than the resistance of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater. The preferred method is to electrically connect the honeycomb heaters in parallel with each other so that the resistance of at least the most upstream honeycomb heater is smaller than the resistance of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater. Note that the resistance adjustment in this case is preferably performed by providing a slit parallel to the through-axis direction of the honeycomb structure.
In the present invention, the plurality of honeycomb heaters are preferably electrically connected in series and / or in parallel.
【０００８】また、同様の目的を達成するために、最上
流部のハニカムヒーターの熱容量を、隣接する下流部の
ハニカムヒーターの熱容量よりも小さくする手法として
は、最上流部のハニカムヒーターの開孔率を、隣接する
下流部のハニカムヒーターの開孔率よりも大きくする方
法や、最上流部のハニカムヒーターの体積を、隣接する
下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小さくする方法
が好ましい。In order to achieve the same object, the heat capacity of the most upstream honeycomb heater is made smaller than the heat capacity of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater. It is preferable to make the ratio larger than the opening ratio of the honeycomb heater in the adjacent downstream portion, or to make the volume of the honeycomb heater in the most upstream portion smaller than the volume of the honeycomb heater in the adjacent downstream portion.
【０００９】更に、本発明では、ハニカム構造体が触媒
を担持したものであることが好ましく、また、ハニカム
構造体が、粉末原料をハニカム状に押出成形し、焼結さ
せたものであれば一層好ましい。なお、本発明において
ハニカム構造体とは、隔壁により仕切られた多数の貫通
孔を有する一体構造をいい、例えば貫通孔の断面形状
（セル形状）は、円形、多角形、コルゲート形等の任意
な形状が使用できる。Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the honeycomb structure supports a catalyst. Further, if the honeycomb structure is formed by extruding a powdery material into a honeycomb shape and sintering the material, preferable. In the present invention, the honeycomb structure refers to an integrated structure having a large number of through-holes partitioned by partition walls. For example, the cross-sectional shape (cell shape) of the through-hole may be any shape such as a circle, a polygon, and a corrugated shape. Shapes can be used.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明の多段ハニカムヒーターは上記のように
構成され、上流部に配置されたハニカムヒーターの投入
電力／熱容量の値が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒータ
ーの投入電力／熱容量の値よりも大きくなるように調節
されているので、上流部のハニカムヒーターの方が下流
部のハニカムヒーターより昇温速度が速い。したがっ
て、エンジン作動時の排ガスによる上流部の冷却を低減
できるとともに、熱移動によって生じる下流部の過剰な
加熱を抑制でき、ヒーター全体をはぼ均一に触媒作用温
度まで到達させることができる。また、上流部をより速
く昇温させることによって、上流部で発生した触媒反応
熱を、下流部の加熱に積極的に活用できる。The multistage honeycomb heater of the present invention is configured as described above, and the value of the input power / heat capacity of the honeycomb heater arranged at the upstream portion is larger than the value of the input power / heat capacity of the adjacent honeycomb heater at the downstream portion. Since the temperature is adjusted to be larger, the upstream heater has a higher temperature rising speed than the downstream honeycomb heater. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cooling of the upstream portion due to the exhaust gas during the operation of the engine, to suppress the excessive heating of the downstream portion caused by the heat transfer, and to make the entire heater almost uniformly reach the catalysis temperature. Further, by raising the temperature of the upstream portion more quickly, the heat of catalytic reaction generated in the upstream portion can be positively utilized for heating the downstream portion.
【００１１】以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。本
発明において、投入電力／熱容量の値を調節する手法の
１つとして、まず、電気的に直列及び／又は並列に連結
された複数個のハニカムヒーターの抵抗を変えて、ヒー
ターにかかる印加電圧を調節する方法がある。この方法
は、ヒーターの体積を変えることなく、抵抗のみを調節
することで投入電力／熱容量の値を調節することも可能
である。なお、直列に連結した場合は、抵抗が比較的大
きくでき、低電流型になり、システムの電力ロスが小さ
くなる点で並列に連結した場合より好ましい。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, as one method of adjusting the value of the input power / heat capacity, first, the resistance of a plurality of honeycomb heaters electrically connected in series and / or in parallel is changed, and the voltage applied to the heaters is changed. There is a way to adjust. In this method, the value of the input power / heat capacity can be adjusted by adjusting only the resistance without changing the volume of the heater. The connection in series is more preferable than the connection in parallel in that the resistance can be relatively large, the current can be reduced, and the power loss of the system can be reduced.
【００１２】ハニカムヒーターの抵抗は、開孔率、ハニ
カムヒーターの厚み、材質、気孔率等に関係するので、
これらを適宜調節することによっても所望の抵抗を得る
ことができるが、比較的簡易な工程で作製できるものと
して、ハニカムヒーターの貫通軸方向に平行なスリット
を設ける方法が好ましい。この場合、例えば、大きな抵
抗を得たいときは、スリットの本数を増加し、ハニカム
構造体内部を通過する電流路を長くすることで抵抗を増
すことができる。The resistance of the honeycomb heater is related to the porosity, the thickness, the material, the porosity, etc. of the honeycomb heater.
A desired resistance can be obtained by appropriately adjusting these, but a method in which a slit parallel to the through-axis direction of the honeycomb heater is preferably provided as a device that can be manufactured by a relatively simple process. In this case, for example, when it is desired to obtain a large resistance, the resistance can be increased by increasing the number of slits and lengthening the current path passing through the inside of the honeycomb structure.
【００１３】抵抗のみを調節することで投入電力／熱容
量の値を調節する手法について、２段ヒーターの例で説
明すると、上流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容
量の値が、下流部のハニカムヒーターのそれよりも大き
くなるようにするには、直列連結の場合は上流部の抵抗
を下流部の抵抗よりも大きくし、並列連結の場合は逆に
上流部の抵抗を下流部の抵抗よりも小さくする必要があ
る。上流部と下流部の抵抗比は、どちらの場合も１．２
〜５倍が好ましい。抵抗比が１．２倍未満では、コール
ドスタート時の上流部のヒーターの冷却を低減できず、
一方、５倍を超えると、スリット本数が増加し、浄化性
能が低下する。更に好ましい抵抗比は１．５〜２．５倍
であり、抵抗比がこの範囲にあるときは、コールドスタ
ート時、上流部のハニカムヒーターも下流部のハニカム
ヒーターも共に比較的に均一な温度を示す。A method of adjusting the value of the input power / heat capacity by adjusting only the resistance will be described with an example of a two-stage heater. The value of the input power / heat capacity of the upstream honeycomb heater is adjusted to the value of the downstream honeycomb heater. In the case of series connection, the resistance of the upstream part is made larger than the resistance of the downstream part, and in the case of parallel connection, the resistance of the upstream part is made smaller than the resistance of the downstream part. There is a need to. The resistance ratio between the upstream part and the downstream part is 1.2 in both cases.
~ 5 times is preferred. If the resistance ratio is less than 1.2 times, the cooling of the upstream heater during cold start cannot be reduced,
On the other hand, when it exceeds 5 times, the number of slits increases and the purification performance decreases. More preferably, the resistance ratio is 1.5 to 2.5 times. When the resistance ratio is in this range, at the time of cold start, both the upstream honeycomb heater and the downstream honeycomb heater have relatively uniform temperatures. Show.
【００１４】また、本発明において、投入電力／熱容量
の値を調節する別の手法としては、熱容量を変化させる
手法がある。この手法では、ヒーターの抵抗を変えるこ
となく、熱容量のみを調節して投入電力／熱容量の値を
調節することも可能である。熱容量の調節手法には、主
として、ヒーターの体積、開孔率（リブ厚、セル数）の
調節が好適なものとして挙げられるが、その他、材質、
気孔率、ウオッシュコート厚の調節を行ってもよく、ま
たこれら全部を調節することも可能である。In the present invention, as another method of adjusting the value of the input power / heat capacity, there is a method of changing the heat capacity. In this method, it is also possible to adjust only the heat capacity without changing the resistance of the heater to adjust the value of the input power / heat capacity. As a method for adjusting the heat capacity, adjustment of the volume and the porosity (rib thickness, the number of cells) of the heater is mainly mentioned as a preferable method.
The porosity and washcoat thickness may be adjusted, or all of them may be adjusted.
【００１５】熱容量のみを調節して投入電力／熱容量の
値を調節する手法について、２段型ヒーターを例に説明
すると、上流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量
の値が、下流部のハニカムヒーターのそれよりも大きく
なるようにするには、上流部の熱容量を、下流部の熱容
量よりも小さくする必要がある。したがって。例えば、
開孔率によって熱容量を調節する場合は、上流部のハニ
カムヒータの開孔率が下流部のハニカムヒーターの開孔
率よりも大きくなるようにし、また、体積によって熱容
量を調節する場合は、上流部のハニカムヒータの体積が
下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小さくなるよう
にする。A method of adjusting the input power / heat capacity value by adjusting only the heat capacity will be described by taking a two-stage heater as an example. The input power / heat capacity value of the upstream honeycomb heater is changed to the downstream honeycomb heater value. In order to make the heat capacity larger than that of the above, it is necessary to make the heat capacity of the upstream portion smaller than the heat capacity of the downstream portion. Therefore. For example,
When the heat capacity is adjusted by the opening ratio, the opening ratio of the honeycomb heater in the upstream portion is set to be larger than the opening ratio of the honeycomb heater in the downstream portion. Is made smaller than the volume of the downstream honeycomb heater.
【００１６】上流部と下流部の熱容量比は、１．２〜５
倍が好ましい。熱容量比が１．２倍未満では、コールド
スタート時の上流部のヒーターの冷却を低減できず、一
方、５倍を超えると、上流部のハニカムヒーターの体積
が小さくなり過ぎる、開孔率が大きくなり過ぎる等が原
因で浄化性能が低下する。更に好ましい熱容量比は１．
５〜２．５倍であり、熱容量比がこの範囲にあるとき
は、コールドスタート時、上流部のハニカムヒーターも
下流部のハニカムヒーターも共に比較的に均一な温度を
示す。The heat capacity ratio between the upstream part and the downstream part is 1.2 to 5
Double is preferred. When the heat capacity ratio is less than 1.2 times, the cooling of the upstream heater at the time of cold start cannot be reduced. On the other hand, when the heat capacity ratio exceeds 5 times, the volume of the upstream honeycomb heater becomes too small, and the opening ratio becomes large. Purification performance is reduced due to over-implantation or the like. A more preferable heat capacity ratio is 1.
When the heat capacity ratio is within this range, both the upstream and downstream honeycomb heaters exhibit a relatively uniform temperature at the time of cold start.
【００１７】以上の抵抗及び／又は熱容量の調節によ
る、投入電力／熱容量の値を調節手法の総括として、２
段ヒーターの場合は、上流部のハニカムヒーターと、下
流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値の比が
１．２〜５倍であることが好ましく、１．５〜２．５倍
であれば更に好ましい。１．２倍未満では、コールドス
タート時の上流部のヒーターの冷却を低減できず、一
方、５倍を超えると、浄化性能が低下する。また、３段
以上の多段ヒーターの場合は、最上流部のハニカムヒー
ターと、これに隣接する下流部（２段目）のハニカムヒ
ーターの投入電力／熱容量の値の比が、上記関係になる
ことが必須であるが、３段目以降のハニカムヒーターに
関しても、多段ヒーター全体の温度が均一になるように
投入電力／熱容量の値を調節する。By adjusting the resistance and / or heat capacity as described above, the value of the input power / heat capacity can be summarized as 2
In the case of a step heater, the ratio of the input power / heat capacity value of the upstream honeycomb heater and the downstream honeycomb heater is preferably 1.2 to 5 times, and may be 1.5 to 2.5 times. Is more preferred. If it is less than 1.2 times, the cooling of the upstream heater at the time of cold start cannot be reduced, while if it exceeds 5 times, the purification performance decreases. In the case of a multi-stage heater having three or more stages, the ratio of the input power / heat capacity value of the honeycomb heater at the most upstream portion and the honeycomb heater at the downstream portion (second stage) adjacent thereto has the above relationship. Is necessary, but also for the third and subsequent honeycomb heaters, the value of the input power / heat capacity is adjusted so that the temperature of the entire multistage heater becomes uniform.
【００１８】なお、本発明において、投入電力(kw)／熱
容量(J/ ℃) の値はハニカムヒーター昇温速度を示すも
のであり、それは最上流部のヒーターについて、１０〜
４００( ℃/sec) であることが好ましい。この値が１０
( ℃/sec) 未満では浄化能が低下し、一方、４００( ℃
/sec) を超えると電力が大きくなり、システムの電力ロ
スが大きい。更に好ましい範囲は１５〜１００( ℃/se
c) である。In the present invention, the value of input power (kw) / heat capacity (J / ° C.) indicates the rate of temperature rise of the honeycomb heater.
It is preferably 400 (° C./sec). This value is 10
(° C / sec), the purification ability is reduced, while 400 (° C / sec)
/ sec), the power becomes large and the power loss of the system becomes large. A more preferred range is 15 to 100 (° C./se
c).
【００１９】本発明で用いるハニカム構造体の構成材料
としては、、通電により発熱する材料からなるものであ
れば制限はなく、金属質でもセラミックス質でもよい
が、機械的強度を考慮すると、金属質のものが好まし
い。金属質の場合、例えば、ステンレス鋼やＦｅ−Ｃｒ
−Ａｌ、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ−Ａｌ、Ｆｅ−Ｎｉ、Ｗ−Ｃ
ｏ、Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ等の組成を有する材料からなるものが挙
げられる。上記のうち、Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ａｌ、Ｆｅ−Ｃ
ｒ、Ｆｅ−Ａｌが耐熱性、耐酸化性、耐食性に優れ、か
つ安価で好ましい。The constituent material of the honeycomb structure used in the present invention is not limited as long as it is made of a material that generates heat when energized, and may be metallic or ceramic. Are preferred. In the case of metal, for example, stainless steel or Fe-Cr
-Al, Fe-Cr, Fe-Al, Fe-Ni, WC
o, those made of a material having a composition such as Ni-Cr. Of the above, Fe-Cr-Al, Fe-C
r, Fe-Al is excellent in heat resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and is inexpensive and preferable.
【００２０】更に、金属質の場合、フォイルタイプに形
成したものも、粉末原料をハニカム状に押出成形し、焼
結して作製したものも用いることができるが、後者のハ
ニカム構造体の方が、工程が簡略で低コスト化が図れる
点で好ましい。また、このように、いわゆる粉末冶金及
び押出成形法を用いて作製したヒーターは、テレスコー
プ現象が生じず、均一な発熱ができる点でも好ましいも
のである。また、ハニカム構造体は、多孔質であっても
非多孔質であってもよいが、触媒を担持する場合には、
多孔質のハニカム構造体が触媒層との密着性が強く熱膨
張差による触媒の剥離が生ずることがほとんどないこと
から好ましい。Further, in the case of metallic materials, those formed into a foil type and those formed by extruding a powdery raw material into a honeycomb shape and sintering can be used, but the latter honeycomb structure is more preferable. This is preferable in that the process is simple and cost can be reduced. In addition, the heater manufactured using the so-called powder metallurgy and the extrusion molding method is preferable in that a telescope phenomenon does not occur and uniform heat generation is possible. Also, the honeycomb structure may be porous or non-porous, but when carrying a catalyst,
The porous honeycomb structure is preferable because the adhesion to the catalyst layer is strong and the catalyst is hardly peeled off due to a difference in thermal expansion.
【００２１】次に、本発明のハニカム構造体のうち、金
属質ハニカム構造体の製造方法の例を説明する。まず、
所望の組成となるように、例えばＦｅ粉末、Ａｌ粉末、
Ｃｒ粉末、又はこれらの合金粉末などにより金属粉末原
料を調製する。次いで、このように調製された金属粉末
原料と、メチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール等の
有機バインダー、水を混合した後、この混合物を所望の
ハニカム形状に押出成形する。なお、金属粉末原料と有
機バインダー、水の混合に際し、水を添加する前に金属
粉末にオレイン酸等の酸化防止剤を混合するか、あるい
は予め酸化されない処理を施した金属粉末を使用するこ
とが好ましい。Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a metallic honeycomb structure among the honeycomb structures of the present invention will be described. First,
For example, Fe powder, Al powder,
A metal powder raw material is prepared from a Cr powder or an alloy powder thereof. Next, after mixing the thus prepared metal powder raw material, an organic binder such as methyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and water, the mixture is extruded into a desired honeycomb shape. In addition, when mixing the metal powder raw material with the organic binder and water, it is possible to mix an antioxidant such as oleic acid into the metal powder before adding water, or to use a metal powder that has been subjected to a treatment that is not oxidized in advance. preferable.
【００２２】続いて、押出成形されたハニカム成形体
を、非酸化雰囲気下１０００〜１４００℃で焼成する。
ここで、水素を含む非酸化雰囲気下において焼成を行な
うと、有機バインダーがＦｅ等を触媒にして分解除去さ
れるので、良好な焼結体を得ることができ好ましい。焼
成温度が１０００℃未満の場合、成形体が焼結せず、焼
成温度が１４００℃を超えると得られる焼結体が変形す
るため好ましくない。Subsequently, the extruded honeycomb formed body is fired at 1000 to 1400 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
Here, when calcination is carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing hydrogen, the organic binder is decomposed and removed using Fe or the like as a catalyst, so that a favorable sintered body can be obtained, which is preferable. If the sintering temperature is lower than 1000 ° C., the compact is not sintered, and if the sintering temperature is higher than 1400 ° C., the obtained sintered body is undesirably deformed.
【００２３】なお、望ましくは、次いで、得られた焼結
体の隔壁及び気孔の表面を耐熱性金属酸化物で被覆す
る。この耐熱性金属酸化物による被覆方法としては、下
記の方法が好ましいものとして挙げられる。 金属ハニカム構造体を酸化雰囲気中７００〜１１００
℃で熱処理する。 Ａｌ等を焼結体の隔壁及び気孔の表面にメッキ（例え
ば気相メッキ）し、酸化雰囲気中７００〜１１００℃で
熱処理する。 Ａｌ等の金属溶湯中に浸漬し、酸化雰囲気中７００〜
１１００℃で熱処理する。 アルミナゾル等を用い焼結体の隔壁及び気孔の表面に
被覆し、酸化雰囲気中７００〜１１００℃で熱処理す
る。 なお、熱処理温度は、耐熱性、耐酸化性の点で９００〜
１１００℃とすることが好ましい。Preferably, the surfaces of the partition walls and pores of the obtained sintered body are coated with a heat-resistant metal oxide. As a method of coating with the heat-resistant metal oxide, the following method is preferred. 700-1100 metal oxidation honeycomb structure in oxidizing atmosphere
Heat treatment at ℃. Al and the like are plated (for example, vapor phase plating) on the surfaces of the partition walls and pores of the sintered body, and heat-treated at 700 to 1100 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. Dipped in a molten metal such as Al
Heat treatment at 1100 ° C. The surface of the partition walls and pores of the sintered body is coated with alumina sol or the like, and heat-treated at 700 to 1100 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. The heat treatment temperature is 900 to 900 in terms of heat resistance and oxidation resistance.
Preferably, the temperature is 1100 ° C.
【００２４】次いで、得られたハニカム構造体につい
て、抵抗調節機構を設けることが、比較的均一な昇温特
性を得られることから好ましく、抵抗調節機構として
は、貫通軸方向に平行なスリットが、簡易な工程で設け
られるので好ましい。上記のようにして得られた金属ハ
ニカム構造体は、通常その外周部の隔壁または内部に、
ろう付け、溶接などの手段によって電極を設け、ハニカ
ムヒーターが製作される。この金属質ハニカム構造体
は、全体としてその抵抗値が０．００１Ω〜０．５Ωの
範囲となるように形成することが好ましい。Next, it is preferable to provide a resistance adjusting mechanism for the obtained honeycomb structure because a relatively uniform heating property can be obtained. As the resistance adjusting mechanism, a slit parallel to the through-axis direction is preferable. It is preferable because it is provided in a simple process. The metal honeycomb structure obtained as described above usually has a partition or an inner peripheral portion thereof,
Electrodes are provided by means such as brazing and welding, and a honeycomb heater is manufactured. The metallic honeycomb structure is preferably formed so that the resistance value as a whole is in the range of 0.001Ω to 0.5Ω.
【００２５】また、上記の金属質ハニカム構造体の表面
にさらに触媒を担持させることにより、排気ガスの浄化
反応（酸化反応熱等）による温度上昇が期待できるた
め、ヒーターとしてより好ましいものとなる。金属質ハ
ニカム構造体の表面に担持する触媒は、大きな表面積を
有する担体に触媒活性物質を担持させたものである。こ
こで、大きな表面積を有する担体としては、例えばγ−
Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 系、ＴｉＯ2 系、ＳｉＯ2 −Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 系な
どやγ−Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 にさらにＣｅＯ2 等の希土類成分を
含むもの、またペロブスカイト系のものが代表的なもの
として挙げられる。触媒活性物質としては、例えばＰ
ｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ等の貴金属、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ等
の卑金属などを挙げることができる。上記のうち、γ−
Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 系にＰｔ、Ｐｄを１０〜１００g/ft3 担持し
たものが好ましい。Further, by supporting a catalyst on the surface of the metallic honeycomb structure, a rise in temperature due to a purification reaction of exhaust gas (heat of oxidation reaction, etc.) can be expected, which is more preferable as a heater. The catalyst supported on the surface of the metallic honeycomb structure is obtained by supporting a catalytically active substance on a carrier having a large surface area. Here, as a carrier having a large surface area, for example, γ-
Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 and the like, γ-Al 2 O 3 further containing a rare earth component such as CeO 2 , and perovskite are typical examples. Can be Examples of the catalytically active substance include P
Noble metals such as t, Pd, and Rh, and base metals such as Cu, Ni, Cr, and Co can be used. Of the above, γ-
It is preferable that Pt and Pd are supported on the Al 2 O 3 system in an amount of 10 to 100 g / ft 3 .
【００２６】本発明におけるハニカム構造体のハニカム
形状としては特に限定はされないが、具体的には、例え
ば６〜１５００セル／インチ2 （０．９〜２３３セル／
cm2）の範囲のセル密度を有するように形成することが
好ましい。また、隔壁の厚さ（リブ厚）は５０〜２００
０μm の範囲が好ましい。また、上記したようにハニカ
ム構造体は多孔質であっても非多孔質もよくその気孔率
は制限されないが、０〜５０％、好ましくは２５％未満
の範囲とすることが強度特性、耐酸化性、耐食性の面か
ら望ましい。なお、触媒を担持する場合には、触媒層と
の密着性の点から５％以上の気孔率を有することが好ま
しい。The honeycomb shape of the honeycomb structure of the present invention is not particularly limited, but specifically, for example, 6 to 1500 cells / inch 2 (0.9 to 233 cells /
It is preferable to form the cell so as to have a cell density in the range of cm 2 ). The thickness (rib thickness) of the partition is 50 to 200.
A range of 0 μm is preferred. Further, as described above, the honeycomb structure may be porous or non-porous, and the porosity thereof is not limited. However, it is preferable that the porosity is in the range of 0 to 50%, and preferably less than 25%. It is desirable from the viewpoint of properties and corrosion resistance. When a catalyst is supported, it is preferable to have a porosity of 5% or more from the viewpoint of adhesion to the catalyst layer.
【００２７】本発明の多段ハニカムヒーターは、このよ
うなハニカムヒーターが、複数個、電気的に直列及び／
又は並列に連結されたものであり、通電のための少なく
とも２個の電極が、任意のハニカムに構造体に接続され
る。また、ハニカムヒーター間は導電性の材料で連結さ
れ、一般に、缶体内に絶縁物を介在して保持される。な
お、場合によっては、一方の電極を缶体と接合し、アー
スとして用いることもできる。In the multi-stage honeycomb heater of the present invention, a plurality of such honeycomb heaters are electrically connected in series and / or
Alternatively, at least two electrodes for energization are connected to a structure of an arbitrary honeycomb. The honeycomb heaters are connected by a conductive material, and are generally held in a can body with an insulator interposed therebetween. In some cases, one electrode may be joined to the can body and used as ground.
【００２８】次に、本発明の多段ハニカムヒーターの効
果を好適に発揮させるための投入電力／熱容量の値の調
節・設定について実際の使用態様とともに説明する。本
発明の多段ハニカムヒーターは、一般に、エンジン作動
前に加熱を開始するいわゆるプレヒートと、エンジン作
動と実質的に同時に加熱を開始するいわゆるポストヒー
トの両方に用いることができる。Next, a description will be given of the adjustment and setting of the value of the input power / heat capacity for suitably exhibiting the effect of the multi-stage honeycomb heater of the present invention, together with the actual use mode. The multi-stage honeycomb heater of the present invention can be generally used for both so-called preheating in which heating is started before operation of the engine and so-called post-heating in which heating is started substantially simultaneously with operation of the engine.
【００２９】プレヒートの場合、エンジン作動前まで
は、各ヒーターにかかる投入電力／熱容量の値に対応し
て、到達温度が決まる。したがって、少なくとも最上流
部のハニカムヒーターの、好ましくは多段ハニカムヒー
ター全体の到達温度が、一般に触媒の作用温度（例えば
３００℃）になるように投入電力／熱容量の値を調節す
る。エンジン作動時には、通常ヒーターは通電しないの
で、排ガスによって上流側より冷却され、ヒーターの温
度が低下することになるが、エンジン作動後３０秒間
は、上流側に配置されたハニカムヒーターが触媒の作用
温度以上の温度を保てるように、更に好ましくは下流側
に配置されたハニカムヒーターも、その間、触媒の作用
温度以上の温度を保てるように、予めプレヒートしてお
く。In the case of preheating, the attained temperature is determined before the operation of the engine in accordance with the value of the input power / heat capacity applied to each heater. Therefore, the value of the input power / heat capacity is adjusted so that at least the ultimate temperature of the most upstream honeycomb heater, preferably the entire multistage honeycomb heater reaches the operating temperature of the catalyst (for example, 300 ° C.). During operation of the engine, the heater is normally not energized, so the exhaust gas is cooled from the upstream side by the exhaust gas, and the temperature of the heater decreases. However, for 30 seconds after the operation of the engine, the honeycomb heater arranged on the upstream side operates at the operating temperature of the catalyst. In order to maintain the above temperature, the honeycomb heater, which is more preferably arranged downstream, is also preheated in advance so as to maintain the temperature equal to or higher than the operating temperature of the catalyst.
【００３０】このプレヒートにより、上流側のハニカム
ヒーター上の触媒は、コールドスタート時に発生する多
量のＨＣやＣＯを好適に除去し、その反応熱で下流側の
ハニカムヒーターが更に加熱される。なお、プレヒート
に引き続き、エンジン作動後にヒーターを加熱してもよ
く、この場合、少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒーター
が、更に好ましくは多段ハニカムヒーター全体が、触媒
の作用温度を超えるようにヒーターに通電してもよい。By this preheating, the catalyst on the upstream honeycomb heater suitably removes a large amount of HC and CO generated at the time of cold start, and the downstream honeycomb heater is further heated by the reaction heat. After the preheating, the heater may be heated after the operation of the engine.In this case, at least the most upstream honeycomb heater, more preferably the entire multi-stage honeycomb heater, is energized so that the operating temperature of the catalyst exceeds the operating temperature of the catalyst. You may.
【００３１】一方、ポストヒートの場合は、実質的にエ
ンジンの作動と同時に通電するので、ヒーターが触媒作
用温度に到達するまでに時間がかかる。したがって、エ
ンジン作動後３０秒、更に好ましくは１山加速前の２０
秒までに、最上流部のハニカムヒーターが触媒作用温度
に到達するように、投入電力／熱容量の値を調節する。
また、最上流部のハニカムヒーターは、排ガスにより冷
却されるが、最上流部のハニカムヒーターの温度が、隣
接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの温度よりも、１００
℃を超えて低くならないように、最上流部と隣接する下
流部の投入電力／熱容量の値を調節する。さらには、最
上流部のハニカムヒーター温度が隣接する下流部のハニ
カムヒーター温度と同一か、あるいは最上流部のハニカ
ムヒーター温度が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーター
温度よりも高い方が浄化能の点で好ましい。また、浄化
能の点で最も好ましい例は、エンジン作動後２０秒まで
に、多段ハニカムヒーター全体が触媒作用温度に到達す
るように投入電力／熱容量の値を調節することである。On the other hand, in the case of post-heating, since electricity is supplied substantially simultaneously with the operation of the engine, it takes time for the heater to reach the catalytic action temperature. Therefore, 30 seconds after the operation of the engine, more preferably 20 seconds before the acceleration of one mountain.
By the second, the value of the input power / heat capacity is adjusted so that the honeycomb heater at the uppermost stream reaches the catalytic action temperature.
Further, the honeycomb heater at the most upstream portion is cooled by the exhaust gas. However, the temperature of the honeycomb heater at the most upstream portion is lower than the temperature of the honeycomb heater at the adjacent downstream portion by 100%.
Adjust the value of the input power / heat capacity of the most upstream part and the downstream part adjacent thereto so as not to become lower than 0 ° C. Furthermore, the purifying ability is higher when the honeycomb heater temperature at the uppermost stream is the same as the honeycomb heater temperature at the adjacent downstream section or when the honeycomb heater temperature at the uppermost stream is higher than the honeycomb heater temperature at the adjacent downstream section. Is preferred. The most preferable example in terms of purification performance is to adjust the value of input power / heat capacity so that the entire multi-stage honeycomb heater reaches the catalytic action temperature by 20 seconds after the operation of the engine.
【００３２】[0032]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて更に詳しく
説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限られるもので
はない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
【００３３】〔多段ハニカムヒーターの調製〕平均粒径
４４μｍ以下のＦｅ粉末、Ｃｒ−３０重量％Ａｌ粉末、
Ｆ−５０重量％Ａｌ粉末、Ｆｅ−２０重量％Ｂ粉末、及
びＹ2 Ｏ3 粉末をＦｅ−１２Ｃｒ−１０Ａｌ−０．０５
Ｂ−０．５Ｙ2 Ｏ3 という組成になるように添加・混合
した。更に、この混合物１００ｇあたり、有機バインダ
ーとしてメチルセルロース４ｇ、酸化防止剤としてオレ
イン酸１ｇを添加して押出用坏土を調製し、直径３．６
６インチ（９３cm）のハニカム成形体を押出成形により
得た。得られたハニカム成形体を、９０℃で１６時間乾
燥し、次いで、水素雰囲気下、１３２５℃の最高温度で
２時間保持して焼結した後、図１に示すように、貫通孔
の軸方向にスリット１２を形成した。スリット形成後、
γ−Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ・ＣｅＯ2 （γ−Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 ／ＣｅＯ2
＝７０／３０）からなるウォッシュコート材を被覆し、
ＰｔとＲｈをＰｔ／Ｒｈ比で５：１、総担持量４０g/ft
3 になるように含浸担時させ、触媒を形成した。この触
媒を担持したハニカム構造体に、電極としてボルトを溶
接し、外周部を絶縁材を介して缶体に保持して、表１に
示す実施例１〜９及び比較例の多段ヒーターを得た。な
お、多段ヒーターの総体積は全て０．３ｌとし、実施例
９のみ３段ヒーターで、他は全て２段ヒーターとした。[Preparation of Multistage Honeycomb Heater] Fe powder having an average particle diameter of 44 μm or less, Cr-30 wt% Al powder,
F-50 wt% Al powder, Fe-20 wt% B powder, and Y 2 O 3 powder were converted to Fe-12Cr-10Al-0.05.
It was added and mixed to obtain a composition of B-0.5Y 2 O 3. Further, per 100 g of this mixture, 4 g of methylcellulose as an organic binder and 1 g of oleic acid as an antioxidant were added to prepare a kneaded material for extrusion, with a diameter of 3.6.
A 6-inch (93 cm) honeycomb formed body was obtained by extrusion molding. The obtained honeycomb formed body was dried at 90 ° C. for 16 hours, and then sintered at a maximum temperature of 1325 ° C. for 2 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere, and then sintered as shown in FIG. The slit 12 was formed on the substrate. After slit formation,
γ-Al 2 O 3 .CeO 2 (γ-Al 2 O 3 / CeO 2
= 70/30)
Pt and Rh in a Pt / Rh ratio of 5: 1, total carrying amount 40 g / ft
The catalyst was formed by impregnation so as to obtain a catalyst of 3 . A bolt was welded as an electrode to the honeycomb structure supporting the catalyst, and the outer peripheral portion was held in a can body via an insulating material to obtain multi-stage heaters of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples shown in Table 1. . The total volume of the multi-stage heaters was all 0.3 l, Example 9 was a three-stage heater, and all others were two-stage heaters.
【００３４】[0034]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３５】〔ＦＴＰ試験〕排気量２４００ｃｃの試験
車を用い、床下位置に上記実施例１〜９及び比較例の多
段ハニカムヒーターを配置した。なお、多段ハニカムヒ
ーターの下流側は、フランジを介して市販の３元触媒
（直径３．６６インチ、長さ１７７ｍｍ、体積１．２
ｌ）を配置し、ハニカムヒーターの前方には、二次空気
導入孔を設けた。また、１２Ｖのバッテリーを２個直列
にして、２４Ｖの電圧を多段ハニカムヒーターに印加で
きるようにした。このような条件の下、ＦＴＰ(Federal
Test Prdedure) に準じて、Bag エミッションを測定し
た。なお、多段ハニカムヒーターには、エンジン作動と
実質的に同時に通電を開始し、最上流部のハニカムヒー
ターの中心温度が３００℃になるように、オン−オフ制
御で６０秒間通電した。また、二次空気はエンジンを作
動と同時に２００ｌ／ｍｉｎで導入し、４０秒後に停止
した。得られた結果を表２に示す。また、実施例１と比
較例の多段ハニカムヒーターの温度分布をそれぞれ図２
（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す。[FTP Test] Using a test vehicle with a displacement of 2400 cc, the multi-stage honeycomb heaters of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example were placed under the floor. The downstream side of the multi-stage honeycomb heater is provided with a commercially available three-way catalyst (diameter 3.66 inches, length 177 mm, volume 1.2) through a flange.
1) was arranged, and a secondary air introduction hole was provided in front of the honeycomb heater. In addition, two 12 V batteries were connected in series so that a voltage of 24 V could be applied to the multi-stage honeycomb heater. Under these conditions, FTP (Federal
Bag emission was measured according to Test Prdedure). The multi-stage honeycomb heater was energized substantially simultaneously with the operation of the engine, and was energized for 60 seconds by on-off control so that the center temperature of the honeycomb heater at the uppermost stream became 300 ° C. Secondary air was introduced at 200 l / min simultaneously with the operation of the engine, and stopped after 40 seconds. Table 2 shows the obtained results. FIG. 2 shows the temperature distributions of the multi-stage honeycomb heaters of Example 1 and Comparative Example.
(A) and (b) show.
【００３６】[0036]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３７】上記、試験結果より次のことがわかる。 (1) 上流部と下流部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱
容量の値が同じである比較例の多段ヒーターよりも、本
発明に係る実施例の多段ハニカムヒーターの方が優れた
浄化能を示す。 (2) 特に、最上流部のハニカムヒーターにおける投入電
力／熱容量の値と、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーター
における投入電力／熱容量の値の比が１．５〜２．５の
範囲にある実施例１〜４、７〜９の多段ハニカムヒータ
ーが、エミッション低減に最も効果がある。 (3) 投入電力／熱容量の値の調節法としては、熱容量は
一定で抵抗のみを調節する方法や、抵抗は一定でハニカ
ムヒーターの体積、開孔率を調節する方法、あるいはそ
れらを組み合わせた方法があるが、いずれの方法を採用
しても比較例に対してエミッション低減に効果がある。The following can be understood from the above test results. (1) The multi-stage honeycomb heater of the embodiment according to the present invention exhibits better purification performance than the multi-stage heater of the comparative example in which the values of the input power / heat capacity of the upstream and downstream honeycomb heaters are the same. (2) In particular, an embodiment in which the ratio of the input power / heat capacity value of the honeycomb heater at the most upstream portion to the input power / heat capacity value of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5. Multi-stage honeycomb heaters 1 to 4 and 7 to 9 are most effective in reducing emissions. (3) As a method of adjusting the input power / heat capacity value, a method in which only the resistance is adjusted while the heat capacity is constant, a method in which the resistance and the volume of the honeycomb heater are adjusted and the opening ratio, or a method in which these are combined However, any of the methods is effective in reducing the emission compared to the comparative example.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の多段ハニ
カムヒーターは、上流部のハニカムヒーターの方が下流
部のハニカムヒーターより昇温速度が速いので、エンジ
ン作動時の排ガスによる上流部の冷却及び下流部への熱
移動が生じても、上流部と下流部のヒーターに温度分布
を生じることなく比較的均一に昇温させることができ、
したがって、ヒータ上に触媒を担時させた場合、ヒータ
ー全体をはぼ均一に触媒作用温度まで到達させることが
できる。また、上流部のハニカムヒータを下流部のヒー
ターより速く昇温させることによって、上流部で発生し
た触媒反応熱を、下流部の加熱に積極的に活用できる。As described above, in the multi-stage honeycomb heater of the present invention, since the upstream heater has a higher temperature rising speed than the downstream honeycomb heater, the upstream portion is cooled by the exhaust gas during the operation of the engine. And even if heat transfer to the downstream portion occurs, it is possible to raise the temperature relatively uniformly without generating a temperature distribution in the upstream and downstream heaters,
Therefore, when the catalyst is supported on the heater, the entire heater can be almost uniformly brought to the catalysis temperature. Further, by raising the temperature of the upstream honeycomb heater faster than that of the downstream heater, the catalytic reaction heat generated in the upstream portion can be positively utilized for heating the downstream portion.
【図１】ハニカム構造体のスリット形成状態の一例を示
す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slit formation state of a honeycomb structure.
【図２】実施例１と比較例の多段ハニカムヒーターの温
度分布を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing temperature distributions of a multi-stage honeycomb heater of Example 1 and a comparative example.
１２ スリット 12 slits
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｈ０５Ｂ 3/12 Ｈ０５Ｂ 3/12 Ｂ (56)参考文献 特開 平５−202739（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平５−171928（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特表 平５−509037（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F01N 3/20 - 3/28 B01J 35/02 F01N 9/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI H05B 3/12 H05B 3/12 B (56) References JP-A-5-202739 (JP, A) JP-A-5-171928 ( JP, A) Special Table Hei 5-509037 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F01N 3/20-3/28 B01J 35/02 F01N 9/00
Claims (36)
のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って配置さ
れてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該複数個のハ
ニカムヒーターが電気的に並列に連結され、かつ少なく
とも最上流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗が、隣接する下
流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗よりも小さいことを特徴
とする多段ハニカムヒーター。1. A multi-stage honeycomb heater in which a plurality of honeycomb heaters each having a conductive honeycomb structure are arranged along a flow direction of exhaust gas, wherein the plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected in parallel. Linked and less
And the resistance of the honeycomb heater at the uppermost stream
A multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by having a resistance smaller than that of a honeycomb heater in a flow section .
ある請求項１記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。2. A multi Danha two cam heater according to claim 1 Symbol mounting honeycomb structure is obtained by supporting the catalyst.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの熱容量よりも
小さい請求項１又は２に記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。3. A heat capacity of the honeycomb heater of the most upstream section, multistage honeycomb heater according to a small claim 1 or 2 than the thermal capacity of the honeycomb heater of the downstream portion adjacent.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの開孔率よりも
大きい請求項１又は２に記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。4. A porosity of the honeycomb heater of the most upstream section, multistage honeycomb heater according to claim 1 or 2 larger than the porosity of the honeycomb heater of the downstream portion adjacent.
隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小さい
請求項１又は２に記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。5. The volume of the most upstream honeycomb heater is:
The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the volume of the honeycomb heater is smaller than the volume of the adjacent honeycomb heater.
て、貫通軸方向に平行なスリットを有している請求項１
ないし５のいずれかに記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。6. The honeycomb heater according to claim 1, wherein the resistance adjusting mechanism has a slit parallel to a through-axis direction.
6. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to any one of items 5 to 5 .
状に押出成形し、焼結させたものである請求項１ないし
６のいずれかに記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。7. The honeycomb structure according to claim 1, wherein the raw material powder is extruded into a honeycomb shape and sintered.
6. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to any one of 6 .
る運転方法であって、エンジン作動前に該多段ハニカム
ヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、少なくとも最上流部
のハニカムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達させ
ることを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方法。8. An operating method using the multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage honeycomb heater is energized and heated before the engine is operated, and at least the temperature of the most upstream honeycomb heater is set to the operating temperature of the catalyst. The operation method of the multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized in that it reaches to.
る運転方法であって、エンジン作動と実質的に同時に該
多段ハニカムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、エンジ
ン作動後３０秒以内に、少なくとも最上流部のハニカム
ヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達させることを特
徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方法。9. The operating method using the multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage honeycomb heater is energized and heated substantially at the same time as the operation of the engine. A method of operating a multi-stage honeycomb heater, wherein the temperature of a honeycomb heater in an upstream portion is made to reach an operating temperature of a catalyst.
個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って配置
されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該複数個の
ハニカムヒーターのうち、少なくとも最上流部のハニカ
ムヒーターの開孔率が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒー
ターの開孔率よりも大きいことを特徴とする多段ハニカ
ムヒーター。 10. A plurality of conductive honeycomb structures
Honeycomb heaters are arranged along the flow path of exhaust gas
A multi-stage honeycomb heater comprising:
Among the honeycomb heaters, at least the most upstream honeycomb
The opening rate of the heaters is
Multi-stage honeycomb that is larger than the porosity of the
Heater.
直列及び／又は並列に連結されている請求項１０記載の
多段ハニカムヒーター。 11. A plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected to each other.
The method according to claim 10, wherein the elements are connected in series and / or in parallel.
Multi-stage honeycomb heater.
である請求項１０又は１１記載の多段ハニカムヒータ
ー。 12. A honeycomb structure carrying a catalyst.
The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 10 or 11, wherein
-
直列に連結され、かつ、少なくとも最上流部のハニカム
ヒーターの抵抗が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーター
の抵抗よりも大きい請求項１０ないし１２のいずれかに
記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。 13. A plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected.
Honeycomb connected in series and at least the most upstream part
Honeycomb heater in the downstream area adjacent to the heater resistance
13. The method according to claim 10, which is larger than the resistance of
The described multi-stage honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの熱容量よりも
小さい請求項１０ないし１２のいずれかに記載の多段ハ
ニカムヒーター。 14. The heat capacity of the most upstream honeycomb heater.
Is smaller than the heat capacity of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater.
A multi-stage c according to any one of claims 10 to 12, which is small.
Honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小
さい請求項１０ないし１２のいずれかに記載の多段ハニ
カムヒーター。 15. The volume of the most upstream honeycomb heater.
Is smaller than the volume of the adjacent honeycomb heater.
A multi-stage honey according to any one of claims 10 to 12.
Cam heater.
して、貫通軸方向に平行なスリットを有している請求項
１０ないし１５のいずれかに記載の多段ハニカムヒータ
ー。 16. A honeycomb heater comprising : a resistance adjusting mechanism;
And having a slit parallel to the through-axis direction.
A multi-stage honeycomb heater according to any one of 10 to 15,
-
ム状に押出成形し、焼結させたものである請求項１０な
いし１６のいずれかに記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。 17. A honeycomb structure, comprising :
11. The product is extruded into a rubber shape and sintered.
The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to any one of the chairs 16,
用いる運転方法であ って、エンジン作動前に該多段ハニ
カムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、少なくとも最上
流部のハニカムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達
させることを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方
法。 18. A multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 10,
What operating method der employed, multistage Hani before engine operation
Energize the cam heater to heat it and at least
The temperature of the honeycomb heater at the upstream reaches the operating temperature of the catalyst
How to operate a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by
Law.
用いる運転方法であって、エンジン作動と実質的に同時
に該多段ハニカムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、エ
ンジン作動後３０秒以内に、少なくとも最上流部のハニ
カムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達させること
を特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方法。 19. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 10,
The operating method used, which is substantially simultaneous with engine operation
The multi-stage honeycomb heater is energized to heat it,
Within 30 seconds after engine operation, at least
To bring the cam heater temperature to the operating temperature of the catalyst
A method for operating a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by the following.
個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って配置
されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該ハニカム
ヒーターが、抵抗調節機構として、貫通軸方向に平行な
スリットを有しており、該複数個のハニカムヒーターの
うち、少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗及
び／又は熱容量を調節することにより、最上流部のハニ
カムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値が、隣接する下流
部のハニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値よりも大
きくなるようにしたことを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒー
ター。 20. A plurality of conductive honeycomb structures
Honeycomb heaters are arranged along the flow path of exhaust gas
A multi-stage honeycomb heater comprising:
The heater is a resistance adjustment mechanism that is parallel to the penetration axis direction.
Having a slit, the plurality of honeycomb heaters
Among them, at least the resistance of the honeycomb heater at the uppermost stream
And / or heat capacity can be adjusted so that the most upstream
The input power / heat capacity value of the cam heater is
Greater than the input power / heat capacity of the honeycomb heaters
Multi-stage honeycomb heater
Tar.
直列及び／又は並列に連結されている請求項２０記載の
多段ハニカムヒーター。 21. A method in which a plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected.
21. The method according to claim 20, which is connected in series and / or in parallel.
Multi-stage honeycomb heater.
である請求項２０又は２１記載の多段ハニカムヒータ
ー。 22. A honeycomb structure having a catalyst supported thereon.
22. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 20, wherein
-
直列に連結され、かつ、少なくとも最上流部のハニカム
ヒーターの抵抗が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーター
の抵抗よりも大きい請求項２０ないし２２のいずれかに
記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。 23. A method in which a plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected.
Honeycomb connected in series and at least the most upstream part
Honeycomb heater in the downstream area adjacent to the heater resistance
23. The method according to claim 20, which is larger than the resistance of
The described multi-stage honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの熱容量よりも
小さい請求項２０ないし２２のいずれかに記載の多段ハ
ニカムヒーター。 24. Heat capacity of the most upstream honeycomb heater
Is smaller than the heat capacity of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater.
23. The multistage c according to claim 20, which is small.
Honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小
さい請求項２０ないし２２のいずれかに記載の 多段ハニ
カムヒーター。 25. Volume of the most upstream honeycomb heater
Is smaller than the volume of the adjacent honeycomb heater.
A multi-stage honey according to any one of claims 20 to 22.
Cam heater.
ム状に押出成形し、焼結させたものである請求項２０な
いし２５のいずれかに記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。 26. A honeycomb structure, comprising :
21. An extruded and sintered body.
26. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to any one of the chairs 25.
用いる運転方法であって、エンジン作動前に該多段ハニ
カムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、少なくとも最上
流部のハニカムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達
させることを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方
法。 27. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 20,
Operating method to be used, wherein the multi-stage
Energize the cam heater to heat it and at least
The temperature of the honeycomb heater at the upstream reaches the operating temperature of the catalyst
How to operate a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by
Law.
用いる運転方法であって、エンジン作動と実質的に同時
に該多段ハニカムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、エ
ンジン作動後３０秒以内に、少なくとも最上流部のハニ
カムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達させること
を特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方法。 28. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 20,
The operating method used, which is substantially simultaneous with engine operation
The multi-stage honeycomb heater is energized to heat it,
Within 30 seconds after engine operation, at least
To bring the cam heater temperature to the operating temperature of the catalyst
A method for operating a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by the following.
個のハニカムヒーターが排ガスの流路方向に沿って配置
されてなる多段ハニカムヒーターであって、該ハニカム
構造体が、粉末原料をハニカム状に押出成形し、焼結さ
せたものであり、該複数個のハニカムヒーターのうち、
少なくとも最上流部のハニカムヒーターの抵抗及び／又
は熱容量を調節することにより、最上流部のハニカムヒ
ーターの投入電力／熱容量の値が、隣接する下流部のハ
ニカムヒーターの投入電力／熱容量の値よりも大きくな
るようにしたことを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーター。 29. A plurality of conductive honeycomb structures
Honeycomb heaters are arranged along the flow path of exhaust gas
A multi-stage honeycomb heater comprising:
The structure is formed by extruding the powdered material into a honeycomb shape,
And among the plurality of honeycomb heaters,
The resistance of at least the most upstream honeycomb heater and / or
By adjusting the heat capacity, the most upstream honeycomb
The input power / heat capacity value of the
It is larger than the input power / heat capacity value of the honeycomb heater.
A multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized in that:
直列及び／又は並列に連結されている請求項２９記載の
多段ハニカムヒーター。 30. A plurality of honeycomb heaters electrically
30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the elements are connected in series and / or in parallel.
Multi-stage honeycomb heater.
である請求項２９又は３０記載の多段ハニカムヒータ
ー。 31. A honeycomb structure carrying a catalyst.
31. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 29, wherein
-
直列に連結され、かつ、少なくとも最上流部のハニカム
ヒーターの抵抗が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーター
の抵抗よりも大きい請求項２９ないし３１のいずれかに
記載の多段ハニカムヒーター。 32. A plurality of honeycomb heaters are electrically connected.
Honeycomb connected in series and at least the most upstream part
Honeycomb heater in the downstream area adjacent to the heater resistance
32. The method according to claim 29, wherein the resistance is larger than
The described multi-stage honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部 のハニカムヒーターの熱容量よりも
小さい請求項２９ないし３１のいずれかに記載の多段ハ
ニカムヒーター。 33. Heat capacity of the most upstream honeycomb heater
Is smaller than the heat capacity of the adjacent downstream honeycomb heater.
32. The multi-stage c according to any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein
Honeycomb heater.
が、隣接する下流部のハニカムヒーターの体積よりも小
さい請求項２９ないし３１のいずれかに記載の多段ハニ
カムヒーター。 34. Volume of the most upstream honeycomb heater
Is smaller than the volume of the adjacent honeycomb heater.
A multi-stage honey according to any one of claims 29 to 31.
Cam heater.
用いる運転方法であって、エンジン作動前に該多段ハニ
カムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、少なくとも最上
流部のハニカムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達
させることを特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方
法。 35. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 29,
Operating method to be used, wherein the multi-stage
Energize the cam heater to heat it and at least
The temperature of the honeycomb heater at the upstream reaches the operating temperature of the catalyst
How to operate a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by
Law.
用いる運転方法であって、エンジン作動と実質的に同時
に該多段ハニカムヒーターに通電してこれを加熱し、エ
ンジン作動後３０秒以内に、少なくとも最上流部のハニ
カムヒーター温度を触媒の作用温度まで到達させること
を特徴とする多段ハニカムヒーターの運転方法。 36. The multi-stage honeycomb heater according to claim 29,
The operating method used, which is substantially simultaneous with engine operation
The multi-stage honeycomb heater is energized to heat it,
Within 30 seconds after engine operation, at least
To bring the cam heater temperature to the operating temperature of the catalyst
A method for operating a multi-stage honeycomb heater characterized by the following.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4202061A JP3058991B2 (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1992-07-29 | Multi-stage honeycomb heater and method of operating the same |
| US08/091,917 US5465573A (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1993-07-16 | Multi-stage honeycomb heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4202061A JP3058991B2 (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1992-07-29 | Multi-stage honeycomb heater and method of operating the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0650135A JPH0650135A (en) | 1994-02-22 |
| JP3058991B2 true JP3058991B2 (en) | 2000-07-04 |
Family
ID=16451299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4202061A Expired - Fee Related JP3058991B2 (en) | 1992-07-29 | 1992-07-29 | Multi-stage honeycomb heater and method of operating the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3058991B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3393078B2 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 2003-04-07 | 鬼怒川ゴム工業株式会社 | Liquid filled type vibration damping device and method of manufacturing the same |
| MX2018010593A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2019-08-12 | Watlow Electric Mfg | Thermal storage device for use in a fluid flow system. |
| JP7042671B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-03-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Conductive honeycomb structure |
-
1992
- 1992-07-29 JP JP4202061A patent/JP3058991B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0650135A (en) | 1994-02-22 |
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