JP2746460B2 - Additive for heavy oil / water emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a heavy oil / water emulsion fuel additive having excellent emulsifiability, transport / storage stability, and flammability.

[Conventional technology]

Bitumen, petroleum heavy oil, and petroleum alfalt produced in Canada, the Soviet Union, China, the United States, Indonesia, Venezuela, etc. are viscous substances having a viscosity of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of cp. Since these are difficult to transport and handle at room temperature, they are currently not widely used as fuels. However, due to its enormous reserves, the above bitumen, petroleum heavy oil, and petroleum asphalt are expected to be used as fuel.

It is already known that, when water and an appropriate additive are mixed with the heavy oil and stirred with a mechanical force such as a line mixer, an emulsion fuel which is easy to handle and has good combustibility can be produced. Many studies have been made on such heavy oil / water emulsion fuels with regard to the production method and additives thereof. For example, JP-A-61-247757 and JP-A-63-54498.
JP-A-1-185934, JP-A-1-203498, JP-A-1-247492, JP-A-1-249892, JP-A-1-313592
And JP-A-1-313593, JP-A-1-313594, and JP-A-1-313595.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, although the conventional heavy oil / water emulsion fuel additive has a reasonable effect, it cannot be said that the emulsifying performance at the time of production and the stability to withstand transport and storage for a certain period of time are not sufficient. Was desired.

The present invention is an additive for forming a heavy oil / water emulsion fuel which has a low viscosity even at room temperature, has a particle size necessary and sufficient for combustion, and does not cause coarsening or thickening even after a long period of time. The aim is to develop agents.

[Means for solving the problem]

According to the present invention, the general formula: (Wherein, R ₁ is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ₂ is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, M is a monovalent or divalent metal atom, NH ₄ , an organic amine, and n is 1 Or an additive for heavy oil / water emulsion fuel, which comprises an α-sulfofatty acid ester salt represented by the formula (1) or a derivative thereof as an essential component.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned α-sulfofatty acid ester salt or α-sulfofatty acid derivative is used as an additive when an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing the heavy oil or the like with water, so that the emulsifying property during the production can be improved. And a low-viscosity emulsion fuel exhibiting excellent performance during transport and storage while suppressing emulsification destruction due to coalescence of particles.

The α-sulfofatty acid ester salt or the derivative preferably used in the present invention is represented by R _{1 in the} above general formula.
Contains 6 to 22, especially 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
When R ₁ is less than 6, the emulsion has insufficient emulsifying performance, and when R ₁ exceeds 22, the solubility in water tends to be poor. Further, R ₂ has 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, depending on the preparation conditions of the emulsion.

M is an alkali metal such as Na or K, an alkaline earth metal such as Ca or Mg, ammonium, monoethanolamine or the like. Preferred counter cations are Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH ₄ and alkanol ammonium.

Examples of the α-sulfofatty acid ester derivative include an acid amide compound.

Specific examples of additives suitable for use in the present invention are as follows.

α-sulforauric acid methyl sodium salt α-sulforauric acid methyl magnesium salt α-sulfolauric acid methyl calcium salt α-sulfolauric acid methyl ammonium salt α-sulfococo fatty acid methyl sodium salt α-sulfostearic acid methyl sodium salt α-sulfo Isopropyl stearate sodium salt α-sulfo-tallow fatty acid methyl sodium salt α-sulfomyristate octyl sodium salt α-sulfomyristate octyl magnesium salt α-sulfolaurate octyl sodium salt α-sulfostearate lauryl sodium salt α-sulfophosphate fatty acid octyl Sodium salt α-sulfo tallow fatty acid lauryl sodium salt When manufacturing an emulsion fuel, the amount of the additive used varies depending on the type of oil and the like.
It is 2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight.

The additives according to the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, it can be used in combination with other conventionally known additives, and the effect becomes more remarkable when used in combination. Other additives include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and the like, but nonionic surfactants are preferred. Further, a water-soluble polymer or the like can be further used in combination with these additives.

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include the following.

(A) an alkylene oxide adduct of a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as phenol, cresol, butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol, dinonylphenol, styrenated phenol, styrenated nonylphenol, paracumylphenol, and bisphenol A; Alkylene oxide adducts of formalin condensates of compounds having an aromatic hydroxyl group such as phenol, alkylphenol, styrenated phenol, and styrenated nonylphenol; (c) lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, glycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolpropane;
Alkylene oxide adducts of linear or branched aliphatic monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having 2 or more carbon atoms such as pentaerythritol and sorbitol; (d) one or more of laurylamine, stearylamine, stearylamide, ethylenediamine and the like Alkylene oxide adducts of amines or amides having one active hydrogen, (e) alkylene oxide adducts of polyethyleneimine, and the like.

When the anionic activator in the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used in combination with other additives, the total amount used is 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the emulsion. It is preferable to use, for example, a nonionic activator in a weight ratio of 2:98 to 75:25, more preferably 10:90 to 40:60, with respect to the anionic activator. The ratio of heavy oil to water that forms the emulsion is 60:40 to 8 by weight
It is 5:15. Preferably it is 65:35 to 75:25. It is preferable that heavy oil and water form an o / w emulsion, since low-viscosity water becomes a continuous phase and the viscosity is significantly reduced.

Various heavy oil types such as bitumen, petroleum heavy oil, petroleum asphalt, and tar are used as the heavy oil of the mixed fuel component.

As a stirring means for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, a general stirring method is sufficient, but a high-shear type stirring device such as a line mixer or a homomixer is particularly preferable.

By using the α-sulfofatty acid ester salt or α-sulfofatty acid derivative which is the additive of the present invention,
Emulsifiability during the production of heavy oil / water emulsion fuel,
It is possible to produce an emulsion fuel which is superior in transport / storage stability and flammability to the conventional one.

The heavy oil / water emulsion fuel of the present invention has a low viscosity and is excellent in long-term transport / storage stability, and thus is useful as an efficient boiler fuel in the field of electric power and general industry.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

After weighing 292 g of heavy oil, water and a predetermined amount of additives to a total of 400 g each, heating the mixture to 70 ° C., and mixing and stirring using a homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), the emulsion fuel was mixed. Prepared.

Next, the fluidity and stationary stability of this emulsion fuel were evaluated. The properties of the additives are shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 4.

 Table 1 shows the properties of the heavy oil used.

(1) Evaluation of fluidity After the viscosity of the emulsion reaches a certain temperature after preparation,
It was measured at 30 ° C. using a Brookfield viscometer.

：: Very good fluidity ：: Good fluidity △: Insufficient fluidity ×: Poor fluidity (2) Evaluation of standing stability 200 g of the above emulsion was placed in a sealed polyethylene container having an inner diameter of 6 cm and 250 ml at 30 ° C. After storage for one month, the above (1) was evaluated.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] (1) a general formula: (Wherein, R ₁ is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ₂ is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, M is a monovalent or divalent metal atom, NH ₄ , an organic amine, and n is 1 Or an additive for heavy oil / water emulsion fuel, characterized by containing an α-sulfofatty acid ester salt represented by the formula (1) or a derivative thereof as an essential component.