JP2019000770A - Agricultural product screening equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

To screen agricultural products, which have irregular sizes at a harvest time, into many kinds of products according to the sizes thereof.SOLUTION: A screening roller pairs 21, 22, of which one pair is formed by two rollers 23, 24, are rotatably installed onto a fulcrum 18, and the screening roller pairs 21, 22 form a screening space 25 which is gradually widened from one end toward the other end thereof. A V-belt 25, which is an endless transportation band material, is bridged between pulleys 43, 44 which are rotors installed onto the fulcrum 18, and the V-belt 25 is provided with plural feed plates 47. The two rollers 23, 24 are rotationally driven in mutually opposite directions, and the feed plate 47 is so driven as to be transported along the screening roller pairs 21, 22 from one end toward the other end thereof. By dropping agricultural products from the screening space 25, the agricultural products are screened according to the sizes thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural product sorting apparatus for sorting agricultural products such as root vegetables according to their sizes.

  Agricultural products including root vegetables such as konnyaku potatoes and potatoes harvested from the field are not uniform in size or size at the time of harvest. Therefore, in order to store agricultural products or ship them to consumers, agricultural products may be sorted into a plurality of types according to size.

  For example, potatoes are increased from seed pods like potatoes, and when seed pods are planted in the field in spring, underground stems grow from there, and pups (grooms) grow in autumn. The child's two-year-old pups are stored after harvesting, planted in the field in the next spring, harvested in the fall, and grown into two-year pups. Furthermore, there are cases in which a live child is planted and shipped for several years, and it takes at least two years from the relative planting to shipping. In order to plant seedlings in a field, a planting machine is used, and the planting machine can freely change the planting interval according to the size of the cocoon. For this reason, when planting relatives and pups of cocoons, it is necessary to prepare the sizes of the cocoons to be put in the planting machine in advance, and the harvested cocoons are selected according to the size.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a sorting device for sorting agricultural products such as root vegetables and leaf vegetables according to weight while being conveyed. This sorting device includes a conveyor for transporting agricultural products, and a plurality of metering discharge devices that measure the weight of agricultural products and discharge agricultural products of a predetermined weight to a collection box.

  Patent Document 2 describes an agricultural product sorting apparatus for sorting agricultural products such as potatoes according to weight. This sorting apparatus has a sorting unit that sorts only potatoes sent from a supply conveyor that are larger than a predetermined size, a belt that conveys large ones, and a discharge belt that discharges small ones. The sorting unit has two rotating shafts each provided with a plurality of sorting disks. Each sorting disk is attached to the rotating shaft so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and an elastic member is provided between the sorting disks. Is arranged. When the sorting disk is moved by the sorting axis, all the sorting spaces between the respective sorting disks can be adjusted to a uniform width.

JP 2013-188691 A JP 2012-187494 A

  As described in Patent Document 1, in order to measure the weight of the agricultural product while feeding it, a pressure sensor for weighing is necessary, and the sorting device is inevitably complicated. In addition, as described in Patent Document 2, if the size of the agricultural product is sorted into two types, that is, a size larger than a predetermined size and a size smaller than that, it cannot be sorted into a plurality according to the size. .

  In order to sort according to the size while conveying the basket, a sorting apparatus has been developed which has a plurality of inclined rollers and sorts the basket while feeding the basket along its own weight. In this sorting device, two rollers form a pair, and the distance between the rollers of the paired two rollers is gradually increased from the upper end portion toward the lower end portion.

  However, in order to feed the inclined rollers with their own weight, it is necessary to increase the number of roller pairs in order to increase the sorting processing capability, and an increase in the width of the sorting device is inevitable. In addition, in order to sort agricultural products with large variations in size at the time of harvest, such as cocoons, it is necessary to lengthen the rollers. If the roller is lengthened, the angle of inclination of the roller cannot be reduced in order to transport the straw with its own weight, so the step between the upstream side and the downstream side of the roller must be increased, and the harvested straw This makes it impossible to easily perform the operation of loading into the sorting device.

  An object of the present invention is to make it possible to select a wide variety of agricultural products whose sizes at the time of harvesting are not uniform according to the size.

  The agricultural product sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes a support base provided with a vertical frame member and horizontal frame members provided at both ends of the vertical frame member, and a pair of two rollers, and both ends are connected to the horizontal frame member. A pair of sorting rollers that are rotatably mounted and form a sorting gap that gradually widens from one end to the other end, and are stretched over rotating bodies that are rotatably mounted at both ends of the support base, An endless transport strip extending along the sorting roller pair, a plurality of feed plates provided at intervals in the transport strip, and in contact with agricultural products on the sorting roller pair, and the sorting roller pair A roller driving mechanism that rotationally drives the produce disposed above the sorting gap in a lifting direction, and the feed plate in contact with the produce is moved from one end to the other end along the sorting roller pair. Transport belt Anda transport drive mechanism for driving the, by dropping the agricultural downwardly in response to the sorting gap, sorting a plurality of types in accordance with agricultural size.

  The sorting roller pair is composed of two rollers, and a sorting gap gradually widening from one end to the other end is formed in the sorting roller pair, and the sorting roller pair is driven to rotate in the direction of lifting the produce. A plurality of feed plates provided on the endless transport strip are driven from one end of the sorting roller to the other end by the transport strip, and the agricultural product placed on the sorting gap is fed to the other end by the feed plate. It is conveyed toward. Agricultural products having a size smaller than the width of the sorting gap fall from the sorting gap. Thereby, according to a fall position, agricultural products are sorted into plurality according to size.

  Agricultural products placed on the pair of rotationally driven sorting rollers are transported by a feed plate provided on the transport belt, so that the agricultural products are not subjected to a large transport resistance force from the sorting rollers, and the transport force is reduced. It is transported and sorted without increasing the size. Since the size is sorted by the pair of sorting rollers and the agricultural products are conveyed by the transport belt material, the length of the pair of sorting rollers can be increased, and the agricultural products can be sorted or separated into various types according to the size. it can.

It is the perspective view which looked at the sorting device of agricultural products which is one embodiment from the upper part. It is the perspective view which looked at the sorting apparatus of agricultural products of Drawing 1 from the lower side. It is a front view of FIG. It is a top view of FIG. It is a front view which shows the selection apparatus of the state which removed the support stand. (A) is a top view of FIG. 5, (B) is a top view which shows a selection roller pair. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the one end part of FIG. 6 (A). It is an expansion perspective view which shows the other end part of FIG. (A) is a left side view of FIG. 6 (A), and (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 9B-9B in FIG. 6 (B).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the agricultural product sorting apparatus 10 is a quadrilateral main body frame comprising two vertical frame members 11, 12 and horizontal frame members 13, 14 provided at both ends thereof. 15 is provided. Support columns 16 are attached to the four corners of the main body frame 15, and the support columns 16 protrude downward from the main body frame 15. Each column 16 is provided with a caster 17. By adjusting the position of the caster 17 with respect to the column 16 in the vertical direction, the height of the main body frame 15 can be adjusted. Thus, the support base 18 is comprised by the support | pillar 16 in which the caster 17 was provided, and the main body flame | frame 15, and the support base 18 can run on a base | substrate. The support base 18 is fixed at a predetermined position by a stopper provided on the caster 17.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of bars are provided between the support beam 19a attached to the support column 16 on one end side of the main body frame 15 and the support beam 19b attached to the support column 16 on the other end side. A pedestal 20 made of material is provided, and a plurality of collection boxes B for collecting agricultural products whose sizes are selected are arranged on the pedestal 20 as shown in FIG. As the base 20, a plate material may be used instead of the bar. If the protruding length of the caster 17 on the other end side from the support column 16 is shorter than the protruding length of the caster 17 on the other end side than the protruding length of the caster 17 on the one end side of the main body frame 15, the other end side of the main body frame 15 The other end of the main body frame 15 can be inclined downward.

  This sorting device 10 can be applied to sort the size of a post-harvest cocoon such as a relative of a cocoon, a 2-year-old born, a 3-year born, etc. into a plurality of sizes. The harvested cocoons are not uniform in size and are mixed from large to small. By arranging six collection boxes B, the baskets are sorted into six types according to the size.

  Inside the main body frame 15, as shown in FIG. 4, two pairs of sorting rollers 21 and 22 are horizontally arranged. Each sorting roller pair 21, 22 is paired with two rollers, a first roller 23 and a second roller 24, whose both ends are rotatably attached to the horizontal frame members 13, 14. A total of four rollers 23 and 24 are provided on the main body frame 15, and all the rollers 23 and 24 have the same outer diameter.

  5 shows the sorting apparatus 10 with the main body frame 15 and the column 16 shown in FIG. 5 removed, FIG. 6 (A) is a plan view of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 (B) is FIG. It is a top view which shows the selection roller pair 21 and 22 shown by A).

  As shown in FIG. 6, a sorting gap 25 is formed between the first roller 23 and the second roller 24. The first roller 23 extends parallel to the vertical frame members 11 and 12, the second roller 24 is inclined with respect to the first roller 23 in the width direction of the support base 18, and the sorting gap 25 is formed by the sorting roller. The pair 21 and 22 of the main body frame 15 are gradually widened from one end side, that is, the horizontal frame member 13 side, to the other end side, that is, the horizontal frame member 14 side.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a bearing 26 is provided at one end of each of the rollers 23 and 24, and the bearing 26 is attached to the horizontal frame member 13. A bearing 27 is provided at the other end of each of the rollers 23 and 24, and the bearing 27 is attached to the horizontal frame member 14. The bearings 27 of the rollers 24 can be adjusted and moved in the width direction relative to the horizontal frame member 14, and the inclination angle of each roller 24 with respect to the rollers 23 is adjusted by moving the bearings 27 of the rollers 24. When the inclination angle is adjusted, the gap size of the sorting gap 25 is changed. By making the other end of at least one of the two rollers 23 and 24 adjustable and movable in the width direction, the interval of the sorting gap 25 can be changed.

  FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view showing one end of FIG. 6A, that is, an agricultural product carrying-in end, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view showing the other end of FIG. 6A. FIG. 9A is a left side view of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal frame member 13 is provided with a gear box 28 by a lid member attached to the horizontal frame member 13. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 9A, the lateral frame member 13 constituting the gear box 28 is attached with a bearing 26 and a driven sprocket 31 is attached axially outside the bearing 26. . Further, an idle sprocket 32 is attached to the horizontal frame member 13. A roller drive motor 33 is attached to the horizontal frame member 13, and a drive-side sprocket 34 attached to the main shaft of the roller drive motor 33, and each driven-side sprocket 31 and idle sprocket 32 are endless chains. 35 meanders and is stretched. Thus, the roller drive motor 33, the driven sprocket 31, the drive sprocket 34, and the like constitute the roller drive mechanism 36 that rotationally drives the rollers 23 and 24.

  The rollers 23 and 24 constituting each sorting roller pair 21 and 22 are rotationally driven by a roller drive motor 33 through a chain 35 in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. That is, the rollers 23 and 24 of the pair of selection rollers are rotated in opposite directions and have a size larger than the width of the selection gap 25, and are disposed in the selection gap 25 so that the rollers 23, 24 It is rotationally driven in the direction in which it is pushed up, that is, in the direction in which it is lifted by the heel in contact with the top. Thereby, the contact friction with respect to the rollers 23 and 24 is reduced. In FIG. 9B, a size larger than the width of the sorting gap 25 and in contact with the rollers 23 and 24, and a size smaller than the width of the sorting gap 25 and from the sorting gap 25. A heel P falling downward is indicated by a two-dot chain line.

  Instead of the chain 35 in the roller drive mechanism 36, a belt may be used. In that case, a pulley is used instead of each sprocket.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a supply plate 37 is attached to one end of the main body frame 15, and the harvested straw is supplied onto the supply plate 37. As shown in FIG. 7, a rotation shaft 38 is disposed on one end portion side of the main body frame 15, and as illustrated in FIG. 8, a rotation shaft 39 is disposed on the other end portion side. The rotating shaft 38 is rotatably supported by a bracket 41 attached to the main body frame 15, and the rotating shaft 39 is rotatably supported by a bracket 42 attached to the main body frame 15. The rotating shaft 38 is provided with a pulley 43 as a rotating body, and the rotating shaft 39 is provided with a pulley 44 as a rotating body. In this manner, pulleys 43 and 44 are rotatably disposed at both ends of the support base 18, respectively, and a V-belt 45 as an endless transport belt member is stretched over both pulleys 43 and 44.

  The V-belt 45 is located above the center in the width direction of the two pairs of sorting rollers 21 and 22, and the V-belt 45 has a large number of horizontally extending in the width direction of the main body frame 15 with a certain interval. A support bar 46 is attached. Both ends of each support rod 46 are located above the sorting gap 25 between the two pairs of sorting rollers 21 and 22, and feed plates 47 made of rubber, resin, or the like are provided at both ends. ing. Thus, the feed plate 47 provided on the V-belt 45 via the support rod 46 is provided at a position in contact with the flange P at the position of the sorting gap 25 of the sorting roller pair 21, 22. The front end portion of the feed plate 47 is narrower than the base end portion and enters the sorting gap 25. When the feed plate 47 is provided on one V-belt 45 via the support rod 46, the feed plates 47 provided at both ends of the support rod 46 serve as the positions of the two sorting gaps 25, and 2 The eaves P can be transported along the sorting gap 25 in the row.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the driven sprocket 51 is attached to the end of the rotary shaft 39, and an endless chain 53 is spanned between the drive side sprocket of the transport drive motor 52 and the driven side sprocket 51. ing. The conveyance drive motor 52 is attached to a base plate 54 fixed to the main body frame 15. A conveyance drive mechanism 55 for driving the V-belt 45 serving as a conveyance band is configured by the conveyance drive motor 52 and the chain 53. The lower part of the stepless V-belt 45 by the conveyance drive motor 52, that is, the lower part between the pulleys 43 and 44, is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. The frame 15 moves from one end, that is, the carry-in end toward the other end, and the upper portion of the V-belt 45 moves in the reverse direction as indicated by an arrow R.

  The leading end of the feed plate 47 located at the lower portion of the V belt 45 is close to the sorting roller pair 21 and 22. The basket P is located between the feed plates 47 adjacent to each other in the transport direction, is guided by the sorting gap 25, and is transported by the feed plate 47 from the upstream side to the downstream side of the main body frame 15. At this time, the rollers 23 and 24 are rotated in directions opposite to each other, and are rotationally driven in the direction of pushing up, that is, in the direction of lifting, the ridge P disposed in the selection gap 25 and contacting the rollers 23 and 24. Therefore, a large conveyance resistance is not applied to the feed plate 47 and the V belt 45. Thereby, the bag P can be smoothly conveyed with a low driving force without excessively increasing the driving force of the V belt 45.

  In the sorting gap 25, the gap gap gradually increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the sorting roller pair 21, 22. Therefore, the cocoons that are supplied to the supply plate 37 and are not uniform in size are first dropped from the sorting gap 25 toward the downstream side from the upstream side of the sorting roller pair 21, 22, and the collection box B To be recovered. Thus, the soot is sorted into a plurality of sizes according to the gap interval of the sorting gap 25 and collected in the collection box B. In FIG. 4, a plurality of ridges P having different sizes are simply shown in a circular shape. In FIG. 3, the bags P sorted according to the size are collected in the respective collection boxes B.

  Thus, since the sorting roller pair 21 and 22 are inclined and the soot is not conveyed by its own weight, the size is sorted by the sorting roller pair 21 and 22, and the soot is conveyed by the V belt 45. The length of the sorting roller pair 21 and 22 can be increased. Thereby, according to the magnitude | size, a cocoon can be sorted into many types by a slight difference in size.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of vertical bars 56 are attached to the vertical frame member 11, and a plurality of vertical bars 57 are attached to the vertical frame member 12 so as to face each vertical bar 56. Yes. As shown in FIG. 8, a rotating shaft 58 is mounted between the vertical bars 56 and 57, and as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, the disk 59 provided on the rotating shaft 58 is a V-belt 45. Is in contact with the lower surface of the upper portion of. The plurality of discs 59 prevent the V belt 45 from being bent in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, an engagement member 61 is attached to each support bar 46 in accordance with the position of the V-belt 45, and a guide rail 62 is provided at the center in the width direction of the main body frame 15. It is attached. The guide rail 62 engages with the engaging member 61 to prevent the V belt 45 from shifting in the width direction of the main body frame 15 and to prevent the lower part of the V belt 45 from bending downward. .

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, the guide bar 63 is in contact with the upper surface of both ends of the support bar 46 in the lower part of the V-belt 45, and the guide bar 63 is a vertical bar 56. , 57 are attached to a horizontal beam member 60 fixed between them. The guide bar 63 prevents the support bar 46, the V belt 45, and the feed plate 47 from being displaced upward when the bag is conveyed by the feed plate 47. Further, guide bar members 64 are in contact with the lower surfaces of both ends of the support bar 46 in the upper part of the V belt 45, and the guide bar member 64 is attached to the horizontal beam member 60 via a member (not shown). Yes. This guide bar 64 prevents the upper part of the V belt 45 from bending downward and prevents the support bar 46 from tilting.

  A chain can be used in place of the V-belt 45 as the transport belt member. In that case, it replaces with the pulleys 43 and 44 and a sprocket is used as a rotary body. A sorting device including only one pair of sorting rollers may be used. In this case, the feed plate 47 is directly attached to the V belt 45. As shown in the figure, when feed plates 47 are provided at both ends of the support rod 46 and the feed plate 47 is provided on the V belt 45 via the support rod 46, the two V belts 45 extend along the two rows of sorting gaps 25. Can transport the firewood.

  Since the size is sorted by the pair of sorting rollers 21 and 22 and the agricultural products are conveyed by the V-belt 45, the length of the pair of sorting rollers 21 and 22 can be increased, and according to the size like a basket. When sorting into many types, it is possible to sort or sort the straw into many types according to the size.

  Next, a procedure for selecting the bag P into a plurality of sizes according to the size will be described. The cocoons P that have been harvested and have different sizes are put on the supply plate 37. FIG. 4 shows a state in which a large number of baskets P having different sizes are inserted. When the roller drive motor 33 is driven, the rollers 23 and 24 are rotationally driven in the direction indicated by the arrows in FIG. Further, when the transport driving motor 52 is driven, the V belt 45 is transported in the directions indicated by arrows F and R in FIG.

  The basket P put on the supply plate 37 is manually fed into the sorting gap 25 on the carry-in end side of the sorting roller pair 21, 22, that is, one end side of the main body frame 15. The fed P is guided onto the sorting roller pairs 21 and 22 by the feeding plate 47 and conveyed to the downstream side of the sorting roller pairs 21 and 22 by the feeding plate 47. At this time, since the rollers 23 and 24 are rotationally driven, the feed plate 47 can smoothly convey the kite P without receiving a large resistance force from the kite P. The bag is conveyed only by the conveying force of the V belt 45.

  Since the width dimension of the sorting gap 25 gradually increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the sorting roller pair 21 and 22, the kite P having a size smaller than the width of the sorting gap 25 falls downward due to its own weight. Then, as shown in FIG. Thereby, the basket P is selected and collected into a plurality of types according to the size.

  In this way, when planting the pupae such as the offspring selected according to the size with the planting machine, the planting interval is set according to the size.

  FIG. 3 shows a state in which large cocoons are sequentially collected from the collection box B on the left side to the collection box B on the right side, and the harvested cocoons are sorted and collected into six types according to the size. Has been. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of partition plates 65 are provided on the lower surface of the main body frame 15 in order to guide the bag P dropped by its own weight to the collection box B. Each partition plate 65 is attached to the main body frame 15 so that its position can be adjusted. For example, in the case of sorting the ridges P into four types according to the size, the number and position of the partition plates 65 are changed.

  A horizontal bar 66 is attached to the upper end of the vertical bar 56, and a horizontal bar 66 is also attached to the upper end of the vertical bar 57. A cover made of a transparent material (not shown) is mounted on both horizontal bars 66.

  As described above, the case where this agricultural product sorting apparatus 10 is used for sorting straws has been described. However, this sorting apparatus 10 is not limited to straws, and is used for root vegetables such as potatoes and other agricultural products. It can also be used for size selection.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, as each of the rollers 23, 24, a pair of sorting rollers provided with a sorting gap 25 that increases toward the other end, even though the outer diameter gradually decreases from one end to the other end. can do. Further, the number of sorting roller pairs is not limited to two pairs, and may be one pair or three or more pairs.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Sorting device 11, 12 Vertical frame member 13, 14 Horizontal frame member 15 Main body frame 16 Support column 17 Caster 18 Support base 20 Base 21, 22 Sorting roller pair 23, 24 Roller 25 Sorting gap 26, 27 Bearing 33 Roller drive motor 35 Chain 36 Roller drive mechanism 37 Supply plates 38, 39 Rotating shafts 43, 44 Pulley 45 V belt 46 Support rod 47 Feed plate 52 Conveyance drive motor 53 Chain 55 Conveyance drive mechanisms 56, 57 Vertical bar 58 Rotating shaft 59 Disc 62 Guide rail 63, 64 Guide bar 65 Partition plate

Claims (4)

A support base comprising a vertical frame member and horizontal frame members provided at both ends of the vertical frame member;
A pair of two rollers, both ends of which are rotatably attached to the horizontal frame member, and a pair of sorting rollers that form a sorting gap that gradually widens from one end to the other end;
An endless transport strip that is stretched over a rotating body that is rotatably mounted on both ends of the support base, and extends along the sorting roller pair;
A plurality of feed plates that are provided at intervals in the transport band material and that contact the produce on the pair of sorting rollers;
A roller driving mechanism that rotationally drives the produce disposed on the sorting gap of the sorting roller pair in the direction of lifting;
A transport driving mechanism that drives the transport belt material so that the feed plate in contact with the agricultural product is moved from one end portion toward the other end portion along the sorting roller pair;
An agricultural product sorting apparatus for sorting agricultural products into a plurality of types according to size by dropping agricultural products downward according to the sorting gap.   2. The agricultural product sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the sorting roller pairs are mounted on a horizontal frame member, a plurality of support bars extending in the width direction are attached to the transport belt member, and the produce on each sorting roller pair. A sorting apparatus for agricultural products, in which the feed plate that is in contact with is attached to the support bar.   3. The agricultural product sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of partition plates for guiding the agricultural products toward a collection box disposed below the sorting roller pair are provided on the support base.   The agricultural product sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one other end portion of the two rollers constituting the sorting roller pair is adjustable and movable in the width direction. An agricultural product sorting apparatus that changes the sorting gap by moving an end portion.

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