JP2018162171A - Durability improver for concrete and concrete - Google Patents
Durability improver for concrete and concrete Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018162171A JP2018162171A JP2017058698A JP2017058698A JP2018162171A JP 2018162171 A JP2018162171 A JP 2018162171A JP 2017058698 A JP2017058698 A JP 2017058698A JP 2017058698 A JP2017058698 A JP 2017058698A JP 2018162171 A JP2018162171 A JP 2018162171A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- GJTDJAPHKDIQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O GJTDJAPHKDIQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O AAJBNRZDTJPMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 slump Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOWFTCIROIVKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;dinitrite Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HOWFTCIROIVKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dinitrite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】本発明は、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下、特に表面の劣化(ひび割れや剥離)を抑制でき、かつ収縮低減効果の高いコンクリート用耐久性改善剤等を提供する。【解決手段】本発明のコンクリート用耐久性改善剤は、少なくとも、膨張材、パラフィン、および亜硝酸塩からなるものであり、好ましくは、前記膨張材は粉体であり、前記亜硝酸塩は水溶液であり、前記パラフィンは水に分散した固形パラフィンの分散液である。また、本発明のコンクリートは、前記コンクリート用耐久性改善剤を含むものである。【選択図】図1The present invention relates to a durability improving agent for concrete, which can suppress a decrease in freezing and thawing resistance of concrete, in particular, surface deterioration (cracking and peeling), and has a high shrinkage reducing effect, even if it contains an expansion material. I will provide a. The durability improving agent for concrete according to the present invention comprises at least an expansion material, paraffin, and nitrite. Preferably, the expansion material is a powder, and the nitrite is an aqueous solution. The paraffin is a dispersion of solid paraffin dispersed in water. Moreover, the concrete of this invention contains the said durability improvement agent for concrete. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制でき、かつ収縮低減効果の高いコンクリート用耐久性改善剤等に関する。なお、本明細書において、コンクリートにはモルタルも含まれる。 The present invention relates to a durability improving agent for concrete and the like that can suppress a decrease in freeze-thaw resistance of concrete and has a high shrinkage reduction effect even if it contains an expansion material. In the present specification, concrete includes mortar.
従来、コンクリート用膨張材(以下「膨張材」という。)は、生石灰系とカルシウムサルホアルミネート系の2種類があり、それぞれ、水和により生成した消石灰やエトリンガイトの膨張によって、コンクリートの乾燥収縮や自己収縮を減らして、ひび割れを抑制する効果がある。しかし、一方で、膨張材を添加したコンクリートは、凍結融解抵抗性が低下して、表面の劣化が増大する例が報告されている(非特許文献1、2)。
Conventionally, there are two types of expansion materials for concrete (hereinafter referred to as “expansion materials”), quick lime and calcium sulfoaluminate, which are caused by the expansion of slaked lime and ettringite produced by hydration, respectively. It has the effect of reducing self-shrinkage and suppressing cracking. However, on the other hand, there are reports of examples in which the concrete to which the expansion material is added has a decrease in freeze-thaw resistance and an increase in surface degradation (
この凍結融解抵抗性の低下を避けるためには、膨張材の添加量を減らさざるを得ないが、それでは、目標とする収縮低減効果を得ることは難しい。コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性が特に要求される寒冷地では、コンクリートのひび割れを抑制する手段として、膨張材を選択する余地が狭まるため、特に構造物などの拘束されたコンクリートのひび割れの低減が不十分になり易い。その結果、ひび割れが発生したコンクリートは、ひび割れに起因して凍害による劣化がさらに進むという悪循環に陥るおそれがある。 In order to avoid this decrease in freezing and thawing resistance, the amount of expansion material added must be reduced, but it is difficult to obtain the target shrinkage reduction effect. In cold regions where freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is particularly required, there is not enough reduction of cracks in constrained concrete, such as structures, because there is less room for selecting expansion materials as a means of suppressing concrete cracks. It is easy to become. As a result, the cracked concrete may fall into a vicious circle in which deterioration due to frost damage further proceeds due to the crack.
そこで、本発明は、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下、特に表面の劣化(ひび割れや剥離)を抑制でき、かつ収縮低減効果の高いコンクリート用耐久性改善剤等を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention provides a durability improving agent for concrete, which can suppress a decrease in freeze-thaw resistance of concrete, in particular, deterioration of the surface (cracking or peeling), and has a high shrinkage reduction effect even if it contains an expansion material. The purpose is to provide.
本発明者は、前記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、少なくとも、膨張材、パラフィン、および亜硝酸塩からなる混和剤は、前記目的を達成できることを見い出し、本発明を完成した。すなわち、本発明は、以下の構成を有するコンクリート用耐久性改善剤等である。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has found that at least an admixture comprising an expanding material, paraffin, and nitrite can achieve the above object, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is a durability improving agent for concrete having the following configuration.
[1]少なくとも、膨張材、パラフィン、および亜硝酸塩からなる、コンクリート用耐久性改善剤。
[2]前記膨張材は粉体であり、前記亜硝酸塩は水溶液であり、前記パラフィンは水に分散した固形パラフィンの分散液である、前記[1]に記載のコンクリート用耐久性改善剤。
[3]前記[1]または[2]に記載のコンクリート用耐久性改善剤を含む、コンクリート。
[1] A concrete durability improver comprising at least an expansion material, paraffin, and nitrite.
[2] The concrete durability improver according to [1], wherein the expansion material is powder, the nitrite is an aqueous solution, and the paraffin is a dispersion of solid paraffin dispersed in water.
[3] Concrete including the durability improving agent for concrete according to [1] or [2].
本発明のコンクリート用耐久性改善剤は、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制でき、かつ収縮低減効果が高い。 The durability improving agent for concrete according to the present invention can suppress a decrease in freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete and has a high shrinkage reduction effect even if it contains an expansion material.
本発明は、前記のとおり、少なくとも、膨張材、パラフィン、および亜硝酸塩からなるコンクリート用耐久性改善剤等である。以下、コンクリート用耐久性改善剤と、該改善剤を含むコンクリートについて詳細に説明する。 As described above, the present invention is a durability improving agent for concrete comprising at least an expansion material, paraffin, and nitrite. Hereinafter, the durability improving agent for concrete and concrete containing the improving agent will be described in detail.
1.コンクリート用耐久性改善剤
(1)膨張材
本発明で用いる膨張材は、石灰系やカルシウムサルホアルミネート系の膨張材が挙げられる。これらの市販品として、石灰系は太平洋エクスパン(登録商標、太平洋マテリアル社製)等があり、カルシウムサルホアルミネート系はデンカCSA(デンカ社製)等がある。
コンクリート中の膨張材の単位量は、好ましくは10〜50kg/m3、より好ましくは15〜45kg/m3、さらに好ましくは20〜40kg/m3である。該単位量が10kg/m3未満では、膨張量が少ないためコンクリートの収縮が大きくなるおそれがあり、50kg/m3を超えるとコンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性が低下し、表面の劣化が増大するおそれがある。
また、膨張材のブレーン比表面積の下限は、好ましくは2000cm2/g、より好ましくは3000cm2/gであり、その上限は、好ましくは6000cm2/gである。ブレーン比表面積の下限値が2000cm2/g未満では、コンクリート中で膨張材がポップアウトして強度が低下するおそれがあり、6000cm2/gを超えるとコスト高になる。
1. Durability improving agent for concrete (1) Expanding material Examples of the expanding material used in the present invention include lime-based and calcium sulfoaluminate-based expanding materials. As these commercial products, there are Pacific Expans (registered trademark, manufactured by Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd.) and the like for lime series, and Denka CSA (Denka Co., Ltd.) and the like for calcium sulfoaluminate series.
The unit amount of the expansion material in the concrete is preferably 10 to 50 kg / m 3 , more preferably 15 to 45 kg / m 3 , and still more preferably 20 to 40 kg / m 3 . If the unit amount is less than 10 kg / m 3 , the shrinkage of the concrete may increase due to the small expansion amount. If the unit amount exceeds 50 kg / m 3 , the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete may decrease and surface deterioration may increase. There is.
The lower limit of the Blaine specific surface area of the expanding material is preferably 2000 cm 2 / g, more preferably 3000 cm 2 / g, the upper limit is preferably 6000 cm 2 / g. Is less than the lower limit value of 2000 cm 2 / g in Blaine specific surface area, there is a risk that the expansion member in the concrete decreases the strength pops out, high cost exceeds 6000 cm 2 / g.
(2)パラフィン
本発明で用いるパラフィンは、固形パラフィン、流動パラフィン、および塩素化パラフィンから選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。これらの中でも、固形パラフィンが水に分散したパラフィン分散液は、コンクリートへの添加や、コンクリート中の分散が容易なため好ましい。パラフィンの粒径は、凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制する観点から、好ましくは5μm以下、より好ましくは3μm以下、さらに好ましくは1μm以下である。
パラフィン分散液中のパラフィンの含有率は固形分換算で、好ましくは10〜50質量%、より好ましくは15〜45質量%、さらに好ましくは20〜40質量%である。
また、コンクリート中のパラフィンの配合量は固形分換算で、コンクリート中のセメント100質量部に対し、好ましくは0.05〜5.0質量部、より好ましくは0.1〜3.5質量部、さらに好ましくは0.15〜2.5質量部、特に好ましくは0.2〜2.0質量部である。パラフィンの配合量がコンクリート中のセメント100質量部に対し0.05質量部未満では、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性が低下し、特に表面の劣化が大きくなるおそれがあり、5.0質量部を超えても、凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制する効果は飽和し、またコスト高になる。
(2) Paraffin The paraffin used in the present invention includes at least one selected from solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, and chlorinated paraffin. Among these, a paraffin dispersion liquid in which solid paraffin is dispersed in water is preferable because it can be easily added to concrete or dispersed in concrete. The particle size of paraffin is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less, and even more preferably 1 μm or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in freeze-thaw resistance.
The content of paraffin in the paraffin dispersion is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 45% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 40% by mass in terms of solid content.
Moreover, the compounding quantity of the paraffin in concrete is a solid content conversion, Preferably it is 0.05-5.0 mass part with respect to 100 mass parts of cement in concrete, More preferably, 0.1-3.5 mass part, More preferably, it is 0.15-2.5 mass part, Most preferably, it is 0.2-2.0 mass part. If the blending amount of paraffin is less than 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement in the concrete, the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete is lowered, and particularly the surface deterioration may be increased, exceeding 5.0 parts by mass. However, the effect of suppressing the decrease in freeze-thaw resistance is saturated and the cost is increased.
(3)亜硝酸塩
本発明で用いる亜硝酸塩は、亜硝酸カルシウム、亜硝酸リチウム、亜硝酸ナトリウム、亜硝酸カリウム、亜硝酸マグネシウム、亜硝酸バリウム、亜硝酸ベリリウム、亜硝酸亜鉛、および亜硝酸ストロンチウムから選ばれる1種以上が挙げられ、これらの中でも、入手の容易性やコストの観点から、好ましくは、亜硝酸カルシウム、または亜硝酸リチウムであり、より好ましくは亜硝酸カルシウムである。本発明において亜硝酸塩は、コンクリートへの添加の利便性から、好ましくは水に溶解して用いる。亜硝酸塩水溶液中の亜硝酸塩の濃度は、好ましくは10〜60質量%、より好ましくは15〜55質量%、さらに好ましくは20〜50質量%である。
また、コンクリート中の前記亜硝酸塩の配合量は、コンクリート中のセメント100質量部に対し、好ましくは0.05〜5.0質量部、より好ましくは0.1〜3.5質量部、さらに好ましくは0.15〜2.5質量部、特に好ましくは0.2〜2.0質量部である。亜硝酸塩の配合量がコンクリート中のセメント100質量部に対し0.05質量部未満では、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性が低下し、特に表面の劣化が大きくなるおそれがあり、5.0質量部を超えても、凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制する効果は飽和し、またコスト高になる。
(3) Nitrite The nitrite used in the present invention is selected from calcium nitrite, lithium nitrite, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, magnesium nitrite, barium nitrite, beryllium nitrite, zinc nitrite, and strontium nitrite. Among these, from the viewpoint of availability and cost, calcium nitrite or lithium nitrite is preferable, and calcium nitrite is more preferable. In the present invention, nitrite is preferably dissolved in water for convenience of addition to concrete. The concentration of nitrite in the aqueous nitrite solution is preferably 10 to 60% by mass, more preferably 15 to 55% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 50% by mass.
Moreover, the blending amount of the nitrite in the concrete is preferably 0.05 to 5.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 3.5 parts by mass, further preferably 100 parts by mass of the cement in the concrete. Is 0.15 to 2.5 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.2 to 2.0 parts by mass. When the blending amount of nitrite is less than 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement in concrete, the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is lowered, and particularly there is a risk that surface deterioration will be large. Even if it exceeds, the effect of suppressing the decrease in freeze-thaw resistance is saturated and the cost is increased.
2.コンクリート用耐久性改善剤を含むコンクリート
(1)コンクリートの構成材料
該コンクリートに用いるセメントは、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、エコセメント、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカセメント、および、前記各種セメントに、高炉スラグ粉末、フライアッシュ、珪石粉末、シリカフューム、または石灰石粉末等を混合してなるセメントから選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。
また、該コンクリートに用いる骨材は、通常のコンクリートに用いる骨材が使用でき、例えば、川砂、海砂、砕砂、人工細骨材、スラグ細骨材、再生骨材、珪砂、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石、人工粗骨材、スラグ粗骨材、および再生粗骨材から選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。
該コンクリートに用いる減水剤は、リグニン系減水剤、ナフタレンスルホン酸系減水剤、メラミン系減水剤、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤、AE減水剤、高性能減水剤、および高性能AE減水剤から選ばれる1種以上が挙げられる。
また、該コンクリートに用いる水は、水道水等が使用できる。
なお、これらの材料以外にも、必要に応じて、収縮低減剤、空気量調整剤、凝結遅延剤、強度促進材、再乳化粉末樹脂、発泡剤、起泡剤、防水剤、防錆剤、増粘剤、保水剤、顔料、繊維、撥水剤、および白華防止剤等を使用することができる。
2. Concrete containing durability improving agent for concrete (1) Constituent material of concrete The cement used in the concrete is ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-strength Portland cement, low heat Portland cement, medium heat Portland cement, eco-cement, Examples include blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, silica cement, and one or more selected from cements obtained by mixing blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, silica stone powder, silica fume, limestone powder, and the like with the various cements.
In addition, the aggregate used for the concrete can be an aggregate used for ordinary concrete, for example, river sand, sea sand, crushed sand, artificial fine aggregate, slag fine aggregate, recycled aggregate, quartz sand, river gravel, land One or more types selected from gravel, crushed stone, artificial coarse aggregate, slag coarse aggregate, and recycled coarse aggregate are included.
The water reducing agent used in the concrete is selected from a lignin water reducing agent, a naphthalene sulfonic acid water reducing agent, a melamine water reducing agent, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent, and a high performance AE water reducing agent. 1 type or more is mentioned.
Moreover, tap water etc. can be used for the water used for this concrete.
In addition to these materials, if necessary, shrinkage reducing agent, air amount adjusting agent, setting retarder, strength promoter, re-emulsifying powder resin, foaming agent, foaming agent, waterproofing agent, rust prevention agent, Thickeners, water retention agents, pigments, fibers, water repellents, whitening prevention agents and the like can be used.
(2)コンクリートの配合
本発明のコンクリートの配合において、
(i)水/(セメント+膨張材)の質量比は、好ましくは0.25〜0.65、より好ましくは0.27〜0.63である。ただし、本発明において、水/(セメント+膨張材)における水の量とは、混練水と、パラフィン分散液および亜硝酸塩水溶液に含まれる水の合計の量である。
(ii)単位セメント量は、好ましくは200〜650kg/m3、より好ましくは250〜600kg/m3である。
(iii)細骨材率は、好ましくは35〜60%、より好ましくは40〜56%である。
(iv)空気量は、好ましくは1.0〜6.0%、より好ましくは1.5〜5.5%である。
(v)減水剤は、セメントと膨張材の合計100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.1〜2.0質量部、より好ましくは0.3〜1.8質量部、さらに好ましくは0.5〜1.5質量部である。
前記配合を満たす本発明のコンクリートは、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下、特に表面の劣化を抑制でき、かつ収縮低減効果が高くひび割れの発生を防止することができる。
(2) Mixing of concrete In the mixing of concrete of the present invention,
(i) The mass ratio of water / (cement + expansion material) is preferably 0.25 to 0.65, more preferably 0.27 to 0.63. However, in the present invention, the amount of water in water / (cement + expansion material) is the total amount of water contained in the kneaded water, the paraffin dispersion, and the nitrite aqueous solution.
(ii) The unit cement amount is preferably 200 to 650 kg / m 3 , more preferably 250 to 600 kg / m 3 .
(iii) The fine aggregate ratio is preferably 35 to 60%, more preferably 40 to 56%.
(iv) The amount of air is preferably 1.0 to 6.0%, more preferably 1.5 to 5.5%.
(v) The water reducing agent is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 1.8 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0. 5 to 1.5 parts by mass.
The concrete of the present invention satisfying the above-mentioned composition can suppress deterioration of freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete, in particular, deterioration of the surface even if it contains an expansion material, and has a high shrinkage reduction effect and can prevent occurrence of cracks. .
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
[使用材料]
(1)普通ポルトランドセメント(略号:C)
密度:3.16g/cm3(太平洋セメント社製)
(2)膨張材(略号:E)
石灰系膨張材(商品名「太平洋ハイパーエクスパンK」、登録商標、太平洋マテリアル社製)
(3)パラフィン(略号:P)
粒径0.2〜1μmの固形パラフィンが水に分散した分散液である。ただし、固形分濃度は40質量%である。
(4)亜硝酸塩(略号:N)
濃度40質量%の亜硝酸カルシウム水溶液である。
(5)細骨材(略号:S)
砕砂、表乾密度:2.62g/cm3(茨城県桜川産)
(6)粗骨材(略号:G)
砕石2005、表乾密度:2.64g/cm3(茨城県桜川産)
(7)減水剤(略号:SP)
商品名「マスターポリヒード15L」(BASFジャパン社製)
(8)水(略号:W)
水道水
(9)空気量調整剤A(略号:AA)
商品名「マイクロエア404」(BASFジャパン社製)
(10)空気量調整剤B(略号:AB)
商品名「マイクロエア303」(BASFジャパン社製)
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Materials used]
(1) Ordinary Portland cement (abbreviation: C)
Density: 3.16 g / cm 3 (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement)
(2) Expansion material (abbreviation: E)
Lime-based expansion material (trade name "Pacific Hyper Expan K", registered trademark, Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd.)
(3) Paraffin (abbreviation: P)
This is a dispersion in which solid paraffin having a particle size of 0.2 to 1 μm is dispersed in water. However, the solid content concentration is 40% by mass.
(4) Nitrite (abbreviation: N)
This is a calcium nitrite aqueous solution having a concentration of 40% by mass.
(5) Fine aggregate (abbreviation: S)
Crushed sand, surface dry density: 2.62 g / cm 3 (from Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture)
(6) Coarse aggregate (abbreviation: G)
Crushed stone 2005, surface dry density: 2.64 g / cm 3 (from Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture)
(7) water reducing agent (abbreviation: S P)
Product name "Master Polyheed 15L" (BASF Japan)
(8) Water (abbreviation: W)
Tap water (9) Air volume regulator A (abbreviation: A A )
Product name "Micro Air 404" (BASF Japan)
(10) Air amount adjusting agent B (abbreviation: A B )
Product name "Micro Air 303" (manufactured by BASF Japan)
1.コンクリートの作製
20℃、相対湿度が80%の恒温室内において、容量が0.055m3のパン型ミキサを用いて、前記材料を表1に示す配合に従い混練してコンクリートを作製した。
具体的には、実施例1〜4では、普通ポルトランドセメント、細骨材、粗骨材、および膨張材をミキサに投入して、30秒間空練りした後、水、パラフィン分散液、亜硝酸カルシウム水溶液、減水剤、および空気量調整剤をミキサに投入して、90秒間混練してコンクリートを作製した。
また、比較例1〜4では、前記実施例のコンクリートの作製において、パラフィン分散液および亜硝酸カルシウム水溶液を添加しなかったこと以外は、前記実施例と同様にしてコンクリートを作製した。
また、参考例1、2では、膨張材、パラフィン分散液および亜硝酸カルシウム水溶液を添加しなかったこと以外は、前記実施例と同様にしてコンクリートを作製した。
1. Preparation of Concrete In a constant temperature room at 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%, a concrete was prepared by kneading the materials according to the formulation shown in Table 1 using a pan mixer having a capacity of 0.055 m 3 .
Specifically, in Examples 1 to 4, normal Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and expanded material were put into a mixer, kneaded for 30 seconds, then water, paraffin dispersion, calcium nitrite An aqueous solution, a water reducing agent, and an air amount adjusting agent were put into a mixer and kneaded for 90 seconds to produce concrete.
Moreover, in Comparative Examples 1-4, concrete was produced like the said Example except not having added paraffin dispersion liquid and calcium nitrite aqueous solution in preparation of the concrete of the said Example.
In Reference Examples 1 and 2, concrete was produced in the same manner as in the above Example, except that the expansion material, paraffin dispersion and calcium nitrite aqueous solution were not added.
2.スランプ、スランプフロー、空気量、および圧縮強度の測定
コンクリートのスランプ、スランプフロー、並びに、空気量および材齢28日における圧縮強度は、それぞれ、JIS A 1101「コンクリートのスランプ試験方法」、JIS A 1150「コンクリートのスランプフロー試験方法」、およびJIS A 5308「レディーミクストコンクリート」に準拠して測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
2. Measurement of Slump, Slump Flow, Air Volume, and Compressive Strength Concrete slump, slump flow, and air volume and compressive strength at 28 days of age are JIS A 1101 “Concrete Slump Test Method” and JIS A 1150, respectively. It was measured in accordance with “Concrete slump flow test method” and JIS A 5308 “Ready mixed concrete”. The results are shown in Table 1.
3.凍結融解抵抗性の評価
(i)実施例1と3および比較例1と3
「JIS A 6202 附属書B(膨張コンクリートの拘束膨張及び収縮試験方法)A法」に準拠して供試体を作成し、JIS A 1148「コンクリートの凍結融解試験方法」に準拠して、相対動弾性係と質量減少率を測定し、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性を評価した。
(ii)実施例2と4、比較例2と4および参考例1と2
JIS A 1148「コンクリートの凍結融解試験方法」に準拠して、相対動弾性係と質量減少率を測定して、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性を評価した。
図1に凍結融解サイクル数と相対動弾性係数の関係を示し、図2に凍結融解サイクル数と質量減少率の関係を示す。
3. Evaluation of resistance to freezing and thawing (i) Examples 1 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3
Specimens were prepared in accordance with “JIS A 6202 Annex B (Constrained Expansion and Shrinkage Test Method for Expanded Concrete) A Method”, and relative dynamic elasticity in accordance with JIS A 1148 “Concrete Freeze-Thaw Test Method”. The coefficient and mass reduction rate were measured, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete was evaluated.
(Ii) Examples 2 and 4, Comparative Examples 2 and 4, and Reference Examples 1 and 2
In accordance with JIS A 1148 “Concrete Freezing and Thawing Test Method”, the relative dynamic elasticity and mass reduction rate were measured to evaluate the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete.
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the relative dynamic elastic modulus, and FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the mass reduction rate.
4.評価の結果
図1、2に示すように相対動弾性係数の低下や質量減少率の増加は、比較例や参考例に比べ実施例はいずれも小さい。また、相対動弾性係数を300サイクルまで測定した際に、コンクリートの表面劣化(ひび割れや剥離等)の発生状況を観察したところ、すべての実施例において表面劣化は認められなかった。したがって、実施例のコンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性は高いことが分かる。
以上から、本発明のコンクリート用耐久性改善剤は、スランプ、空気量、および圧縮強度等のコンクリートの物性に悪影響を与えることはなく、膨張材を含んでいても、コンクリートの凍結融解抵抗性の低下を抑制することができる。
4). As a result of the evaluation, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the decrease in the relative dynamic elastic modulus and the increase in the mass reduction rate are smaller in the examples than in the comparative example and the reference example. In addition, when the relative dynamic elastic modulus was measured up to 300 cycles, the occurrence of surface deterioration (cracking, peeling, etc.) of the concrete was observed, and no surface deterioration was observed in all examples. Therefore, it turns out that the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete of an Example is high.
From the above, the durability improving agent for concrete of the present invention does not adversely affect the physical properties of the concrete such as slump, air content, and compressive strength, and even if it contains an expansion material, the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete. The decrease can be suppressed.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022076851A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-20 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | Frost damage resistant admixture, frost damage resistant concrete, and method of producing frost damage resistant concrete |
| JP2023149522A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-13 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | lightweight concrete |
| JP2023149565A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-13 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Admixtures for cement and hydraulic compositions containing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022076851A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-20 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | Frost damage resistant admixture, frost damage resistant concrete, and method of producing frost damage resistant concrete |
| JP7527178B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2024-08-02 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | Frost-resistant admixture, frost-resistant concrete, and method for producing frost-resistant concrete |
| JP2023149522A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-13 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | lightweight concrete |
| JP2023149565A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-13 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Admixtures for cement and hydraulic compositions containing the same |
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