JP2014505980A - Method for producing an electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery, comprising:
(A) sulfur,
(B) mixing the carbon of the conductive polymorph, and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which is soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium, And applying the resulting mixture to a flat carrier (D) and optionally drying it.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery, and further to an electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery.

  There are only a few embodiments in which secondary batteries, accumulators or “rechargeable batteries” can store electrical energy after generation and are used (stored) as needed. Due to the markedly better power density, there is a recent trend from aqueous secondary batteries to the development of batteries where charge transport is achieved by lithium ions.

  However, the energy density of conventional lithium ion accumulators with carbon anodes and cathodes based on metal oxides is limited. A new perspective is opened by lithium-sulfur batteries. In a lithium-sulfur battery, sulfur at the sulfur cathode is reduced to S2- ions via polysulfide ions. And when the battery is charged, it is oxidized again.

  However, it has often been observed that sulfur is randomly distributed across the electrodes. This can result in disadvantageous properties. For example, poor contact of sulfur and hence low utilization of electrodes. These disadvantages can result in electrodes having low capacity and / or capacity loss.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium-sulfur battery in which this problem is avoided. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a lithium-sulfur battery that does not have the above disadvantages.

  The object of the present invention is achieved by a method for producing a cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery, and further by an electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery.

In a method for producing a cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery, the method comprises:
(A) sulfur,
(B) mixing the carbon of the conductive polymorph, and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which is soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium, And applying the mixture to a flat carrier (D) and optionally drying it.

Furthermore, in the electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery, the electrode is
(D) at least one flat carrier, and provided thereon,
(A) sulfur,
(B) a mixture of carbon of the conductive polymorph and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides that are soluble or swellable in acidic aqueous media.

1 shows a schematic structure of a disassembled electrochemical cell for testing an electrode of the invention.

  Sulfur (A) is thus known and referred to briefly as sulfur in the context of the present invention.

  In the context of the present invention, carbon (B) in the conductive polymorph is referred to as carbon (B). Carbon (B) can be selected from, for example, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or a mixture of at least two of the aforementioned materials.

In one embodiment of the invention, carbon (B) is carbon black.
The carbon black is selected from, for example, lamp black, furnace black, flame, mu black, thermal black, acetylene black, and industrial black. Carbon black has impurities such as hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons) or oxygen-containing compounds or oxygen-containing groups such as OH groups. In addition, sulfur or iron containing impurities can be present in the carbon black.

  In one variation, carbon (B) is partially oxidized carbon black.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, carbon (B) has carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes (CNT for short), for example single wall carbon nanotubes (SW CNTs) and preferably multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MW CNTs)) are known per se. Methods for its manufacture and some properties are described, for example, in A. Jess et al. In Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2006, 78, 94-100.

  Graphene in the context of the present invention is understood to mean a two-dimensional hexagonal carbon crystal having a structure that is almost ideally or ideally similar to an individual graphite layer.

  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, carbon (B) is selected from graphite, graphene, activated carbon and especially carbon black.

  Carbon (B) may be present, for example, in particles having a diameter in the range of 0.1 to 100 μm, preferably 2 to 20 μm. The particle size is understood to mean the average diameter of the second particles. And it is measured as a volume average.

In one embodiment of the invention, carbon (B) and especially carbon black has a BET surface area in the range of 20 to 1500 m ² / g as measured by ISO 9277.

  In one preferred embodiment of the invention, at least 2, for example 2 or 3, different types of carbon (B) are mixed. Different types of carbon (B) differ, for example, in terms of particle size, or BET surface area, or degree of contamination.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the selected carbon (B) is a combination of carbon black and graphite.

  Further starting materials for the performance of the process according to the invention are at least one saccharide (C) selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligos and polysaccharides. And saccharides are soluble or swellable in acidic aqueous media and are referred to for short as saccharide (C).

  An acidic aqueous medium is understood to mean an aqueous solution having a pH not exceeding 6.9, for example having a pH in the range 1 to 6.9, preferably in the range 3 to 6.5.

  Acetylcellulose, which is soluble in basic aqueous media but is not swellable and not soluble in acidic aqueous media, is not an example of a saccharide (C). Starch is neither swellable nor soluble in acidic aqueous media and is not an example of a saccharide (C) in the context of the present invention.

  “Water-soluble” sugar compounds in the context of the present invention are understood to mean those which form a solution which is clearly clear to the eye in an acidic aqueous medium. “Water-swellable” sugar compounds in the context of the present invention are understood to mean those capable of reversibly absorbing at least 100% of their weight of water at temperatures in the range of 20 to 90 ° C. The

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose and maltose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from monosaccharides, in particular glucose and fructose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from disaccharides, in particular sucrose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from polysaccharides, in particular amylopectin.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is from a partially oxidizing saccharide, in particular from a partially oxidizing monosaccharide or disaccharide, in particular a caramel-like saccharide, for example caramel. Sucrose, caramelized glucose and caramelized fructose).

  The procedure for the performance of the process according to the invention is as follows: firstly sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) are mixed together and the mixture thus obtained is mixed with a flat support ( Apply to D) and then dry it.

  Mixing can be carried out by methods known per se. For example, sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) are ground together, especially with a ball mill, or sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) are By agitating each other with an aqueous suspension. In order to obtain an aqueous paste, water (S) (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) can be kneaded by adding water. The procedure is most preferably to grind sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one sugar (C) with each other, for example in a ball mill, and then suspend them in water or an aqueous composition. In another highly preferred embodiment of the invention, sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) are stirred together in a liquid, such as water or a water / alcohol mixture, and For example, it is ground with a ball mill.

  In one variant of the method according to the invention, the method of mixing selected is the action of ultrasound.

  The resulting mixture is a mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C), including one or more additional components such as water or at least one organic solvent.

  In embodiments where the mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) further comprises water, it is referred to as an aqueous formulation in the context of the present invention. Aqueous formulations can be configured as pastes or inks.

  Aqueous preparations contain at least one organic solvent, for example in the range from 0.1 to 70% by volume, in particular from 5 to 60% by volume, based on water. Suitable organic solvents are, for example, water-soluble alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.

  In other embodiments of the invention, the aqueous formulation does not have any organic solvent.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) has no water or organic solvent. Rather it is a powdery mixture.

  In the context of the present invention, those aqueous preparations having a solids content ranging from 1.1 to 20% by weight are called inks. Aqueous preparations containing a solids content of 20% to 45% by weight, preferably at least 20.1% by weight, are called pastes.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the paste comprises sulfur (A) in the range of 12 to 20% by weight, preferably 13 to 15% by weight, and carbon (B) in the range of 8 to 20% by weight, preferably 8 to 12%. % By mass and 0.1 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by mass of saccharide (C). Here, the mass% numbers are for all pastes. And the sum of the mass percentages of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and sugar (C) is 20 or more, preferably at least 20.1.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the ink comprises sulfur (A) in the range of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3.0 to 3.5% by weight, and carbon (B) in the range of 0.5 to 9%. It has a mass%, preferably 2.5 to 3 mass%, and saccharide (C) 0.1 to 1.0 mass%, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mass%. Here, the mass% numbers are for all inks. And the sum of the weight percentages of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and sugars (C) is in the range of 1.1 to 20.

  Application of a mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one sugar (C) prepared in the first step on a flat support (D) can be carried out, for example, by spraying, atomizing and knife coating, printing, special Can be achieved by screen printing or compression. In the context of the present invention, atomization also includes application with a sprayer, a method often referred to as the “airbrush method” or, for short, a method called “air brushing”.

  If it is desired to apply on the flat carrier (D) a mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one sugar (C) prepared in the first step by spraying, the mixture is formulated as an ink. It is preferable to do.

  If it is desired to apply on the flat support (D) a mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one sugar (C) prepared in the first step by knife coating or screen printing, the mixture Is preferably formulated as a paste.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the flat carrier (D) is a medium that conducts current, such as an output conductor.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flat support (D) is chemically inert with respect to reactions that proceed in the electrochemical cell during standard operations, ie during charging and discharging.

In one embodiment of the invention, the flat support (D) has an internal BET surface area in the range of 20 to 1500 m ² / g. And it is preferably measured as the apparent BET surface area.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the flat support (D) is selected from a metal mesh, such as a steel mesh, in particular a stainless steel mesh, as well as a nickel mesh or a tantalum mesh. The metal mesh may have coarse or fine holes.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the flat support (D) is selected from an organic polymer comprising, for example, a conductive fabric such as a carbon mat, felt or nonwoven, or a metal filament such as a tantalum filament or a nickel filament. Is done.

  A particularly suitable flat carrier (D) is, for example, a metal foil, in particular an aluminum foil. The metal foil can have a thickness in the range of, for example, 4 μm to 200 μm, in particular 20 to 50 μm.

  The optimum flat carrier (D) type can be selected from a wide range. For example, in the form of a continuous ribbon that can be processed by battery manufacturers. In other embodiments, the flat carrier (D) can be configured, for example, in the form of a round, oval or square sheet, in the form of a cube, or in the form of a flat electrode.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) is a flat support (D), for example in the range of pressure 0.1 to 300 bar, temperature. It could be compressed in the range of 0 to 150 ° C. For this purpose it is possible to proceed from a paste or preferably a powder mixture, the layer height of which is adjusted using shims on a flat carrier (D).

  In one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) is applied only to one side of the flat support (D).

  In one embodiment of the invention, the mixture comprising sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) is applied only to one side of a flat support.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of sulfur (A), carbon (B) and at least one saccharide (C) has a layer thickness in the range of 30 to 200 μm, preferably 60 to 120 μm, The layer, applied to the flat carrier (D), is measured after drying.

  Additional drying. For example, it is carried out in a temperature range of 30 to 100 ° C., preferably 40 to 50 °.

  Additional drying can be carried out at standard pressure or under reduced pressure, for example from 1 to 500 mbar.

  Optimal equipment for the drying process includes refrigerators, especially vacuum refrigerators.

In one embodiment of the invention,
(A) sulfur,
(B) conductive polymorphic carbon, and
(C) An aqueous formulation having at least one saccharide is applied to the metal film and dried.

  The flat carrier (D) thus coated can be used as a battery electrode.

  Of course, this makes it possible to carry out further processes, for example connection to the output conductor.

  The flat carrier (D) coated by the method of the present invention exhibits numerous advantages as a battery electrode. Examples include uniform sulfur distribution on the flat support (D), good binding and contact, and high sulfur utilization.

The present invention further comprises (D) having at least one flat carrier provided thereon,
(A) sulfur,
(B) a mixture of carbon of the conductive polymorph and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides that are soluble or swellable in acidic aqueous media.

  Sulfur (A), carbon (B) and sugars (C) are defined above.

  In one embodiment of the invention, carbon (B) is selected from graphite, graphene, carbon black and activated carbon, preferably carbon black.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the inventive electrode has at least 2, for example 2 or 3 different types of carbon (B). Different types of carbon (B) may differ, for example, in terms of particle diameter or BET surface area or extent of contamination.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose and maltose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from monosaccharides, in particular glucose and fructose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from disaccharides, in particular sucrose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is selected from polysaccharides, in particular amylopectin.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the saccharide (C) is from a partially oxidizing saccharide, in particular from a partially oxidizing mono- or disaccharide, in particular, for example, caramelized sucrose, caramelized glucose and It is selected from caramel sugars such as caramel fructose.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the coating of the flat support (D) with sulfur (A), carbon (B) and sugars (C) has a thickness of 30 to 200 μm as measured after drying. The range is preferably 60 to 120 μm. That is, when applied to both sides, the total thickness is 60 to 400 μm, preferably 120 to 240 μm.

  The electrode of the present invention is particularly suitable as a component of a battery containing lithium. The present invention provides the use of an electrode as a component for or for the manufacture of a battery. The present invention further provides a battery comprising at least one inventive electrode.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the inventive electrode is a cathode. And it can be called sulfur cathode or S cathode. In the context of the present invention, an electrode called a cathode is a cathode where a reduction reaction takes place during discharge.

  The electrode of the present invention can have a thickness in the range of, for example, 60 to 230 μm, preferably 90 to 150 μm. They may have, for example, a rod shape. Furthermore, it may be composed of a circular, elliptical, or square column. Furthermore, a flat electrode may be used.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery of the present invention, like the electrode of the present invention, has at least one electrode comprising metallic lithium or a lithium alloy, such as an alloy of lithium containing, for example, tin, silicon and / or aluminum. Have

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery of the present invention has at least one non-aqueous solvent as well as the electrode of the present invention and further electrodes. The non-aqueous solvent is liquid or solid at room temperature and is preferably selected from polymers, cyclic or acyclic ethers, cyclic and acyclic acetals, cyclic or acyclic organic carbonates and ionic liquids.

  Examples of suitable polymers are in particular polyalkylene glycols, preferably poly-C1-C4-alkylene glycols, and in particular polyethylene glycols. These polyethylene glycols can have up to 20 mole percent of one or more C1-C4-alkylene glycols in copolymerized form. The polyalkylene glycol is preferably a polyalkylene glycol doubly covered with methyl or ethyl.

  The molecular weight Mw of suitable polyalkylene glycols and particularly suitable polyethylene glycols may be at least 400 g / mol.

  The molecular weight Mw of suitable polyalkylene glycols, and particularly suitable polyethylene glycols, may be up to 5000000 g / mol, preferably up to 2000000 g / mol.

  Examples of suitable acyclic ethers are, for example, diisopropyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, preferably 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Further suitable acyclic ethers are diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol diethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether.

  Examples of suitable cyclic ethers are tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane.

  Examples of suitable acyclic acetals are, for example, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, 1,1-dimethoxyethane and 1,1-diethoxyethane.

  Examples of suitable cyclic acetals are 1,3-dioxane and especially 1,3-dioxolane.

  Examples of suitable acyclic organic carbonates are dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.

  Examples of suitable cyclic organic carbonates are compounds of general formulas (I) and (II)

Here, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ may be the same or different. And it is selected, for example, from C1-C4-alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl. And R ² and R ³ are preferably not both tert-butyl.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, R ¹ is methyl. R ² and R ³ are each hydrogen. Or, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are each hydrogen.

  The solvent is preferably used in a state known as the anhydrous state. That is, for example, in a state having water in the range of 1 ppm to 0.1% mass that can be measured by Karl Fischer titration.

In one embodiment of the invention, the battery of the invention comprises one or more conductive salts. Lithium salts are preferable. Examples of suitable lithium salts are lithium such as LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiC (C _n F _{2n + 1} SO ₂ ) ₃ , LiN (C _n F _{2n + 1} SO ₂ ) _2. It is an imide. Here, n is 1 to 20. Furthermore, it is a salt of LiN (SO ₂ F) ₂ , Li ₂ SiF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiAlCl ₄ and general formula (C _n F _{2n + 1} SO ₂ ) _m XLi. Where m is determined as follows:
M = 1 when X is selected from oxygen and sulfur, m = 2 when X is selected from nitrogen and phosphorus, and m = 3 when X is selected from carbon and silicon.

Suitable conductive salts are selected from LiC (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ and LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ and are particularly preferably LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ .

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery electrolyte of the present invention may have one or more additives, such as one or more ionic liquids.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the battery of the invention has one or more separators by which the electrodes are mechanically separated. Suitable separators are polymer membranes, especially porous polymer membranes. And the porous polymer membrane is not reactive to metallic lithium, lithium sulfide and lithium polysulfide. In particular, suitable materials for the separator are polyolefins, in particular porous polyethylene in the form of films, and porous polypropylene in the form of films.

  Separators made from polyolefins, especially polyethylene or polypropylene, have a porosity ranging from 35 to 45%. A suitable pore size is, for example, in the range of 30 to 500 nm.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, the separator selected is a separator made from a PET nonwoven filled with inorganic particles. This type of separator may have a porosity ranging from 40 to 55%. A suitable pore size is, for example, in the range of 80 to 750 nm.

  The battery of the invention is notable for its particularly high capacity, high performance and extremely long life even after repeated charging. The battery of the present invention is very suitable for use in automobiles, aircraft, ships or stationary energy storage. Such use forms a further part of the subject matter of the present invention.

General Precautionary Notes Explaining the Invention in the Examples: In the context of the present invention, unless expressly stated, the percentage values are percent by mass.

The following carbon blacks were used:
Carbon black (B.1), available as registered trademark Ketjen, BET surface area: 900 m ² / g (measured with ISO 9277), average particle size: 10 μm
Carbon black (B.2), available as registered trademark Printex, BET surface area: 100 m ² / g (measured with ISO 9277), average particle size: 10 μm

I. Preparation of aqueous formulation 1 Preparation of water-based ink, WT 1.1
In 73.5 g of water-isopropanol mixture (mass ratio: 65:35), a solution of 0.26 g of caramel-like sucrose (C.1) was stirred in a glass bottle. Thereafter, 2.8 g of sulfur flour (A.1), 1 g of carbon black (B.1) and 1 g of carbon black (B.2) were added and stirring was continued. The suspension thus obtained was ground in a ball mill (Pulverisette 6 from Fritsch) for 30 minutes at 300 rpm. Thereafter, the balls were removed to obtain aqueous ink. The water-based ink was hereinafter also referred to as WT1.1 and had a smooth viscosity.

I. 2 Preparation of water-based ink, WT 1.2
In 77.5 g of a water-isopropanol mixture (mass ratio: 65:35), 8.54 g of a 3% by weight aqueous amylopectin solution (C.2) was stirred in a glass bottle. Thereafter, 2.73 g of sulfur flour (A.1), 1 g of carbon black (B.1) and 1 g of carbon black (B.2) were added and stirring was continued. The suspension thus obtained was ground in a ball mill (Pulverisette 6 from Fritsch) for 30 minutes at 300 rpm. Thereafter, the balls were removed to obtain aqueous ink. The water-based ink was hereinafter also referred to as WT1.2 and had a smooth viscosity.

II. Production of electrode of the present invention II. 1. Application of ink WT1.1 of the present invention and manufacture of electrode electr.1 of the present invention

The substrate used was an aluminum foil with a thickness of 30 μm. Thereafter, the ink WT1.1 of the present invention was sprayed onto the aluminum foil with a sprayer on a vacuum table at a temperature of 75 ° C. Nitrogen was then used for spraying. An aluminum foil coated on one side with a coating of 4 mg / cm ² was obtained. The amount of coating was calculated based on the sum of (A.1), (B.1) and (C.1).

  Thereafter, the aluminum foil coated on one side was carefully laminated between two rubber rollers. A low contact pressure was chosen in order for the coating to remain porous.

  This was followed by heat treatment in a drying cabinet. Temperature: 40 ° C.

  As a result, the electrode electr. 1 of the present invention was manufactured.

II. 2 Application of ink WT1.2 of the present invention and manufacture of electrode electr.2 of the present invention

  Example II. 2 in Example II.2, except that the ink WT1.2 of the invention is used instead of the ink WT1.1 of the invention to produce the electrode electr.2 of the invention. 1 was repeated.

III. Electrochemical cell and test of the present invention

  For the electrochemical characterization of the electrodes electr.1 and electr.2 of the present invention, a battery was constructed according to FIG. For this purpose, in addition to the electrodes of the present invention, the following were used:

Anode: Li foil, thickness 50 μm,
Separator: polyethylene film, thickness 15 μm, porous cathode according to Example II.
Electrolyte: 8% by weight LiN (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ , 46% by weight 1,3-dioxolane and 46% by weight 1,2-dimethoxyethane.

FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic configuration diagram of an electrochemical cell for testing an electrode of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, the symbols mean the following:
1, 1 'die 2, 2' nut 3, 3 'sealing ring-double in each case, a second, somewhat smaller sealing ring is not shown here in any case .

4 Spiral spring 5 Output conductor made of nickel 6 Housing

  The electrochemical cell EZ. 1 (based on the electrode electr.1 of the invention) or the electrochemical cell EZ. 2 (based on the electrode electra.2 of the present invention) was obtained.

  The battery of the present invention exhibited an open circuit voltage of 2.6 to 2.9 volts. During the discharge (C / 10), the cell voltage dropped from 2.2 to 2.3 volts (first plateau). And it fell from 2.0 to 2.1 volts (2nd flat area). The cell was discharged to 1.7 V and charged. During the charging operation, the cell raised the Nazi to 2.2 volts. The battery was then charged until it reached 2.5 volts. Then, the discharge operation was started again. The manufactured battery of the present invention achieved over 30 cycles with only a very small loss of capacity.

1, 1 'die 2, 2' nut 3, 3 'sealing ring-double in each case, a second, somewhat smaller sealing ring is not shown here in any case .

4 Spiral spring 5 Output conductor made of nickel 6 Housing

Claims (13)

A method of manufacturing a cathode comprising:
(A) sulfur,
(B) carbon of the conductive polymorph, and (C) a step of mixing at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which is soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium, and A method comprising the steps of applying the resulting mixture to a flat carrier (D) and optionally drying it.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon (B) is selected from graphite, graphene, carbon black and activated carbon.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the saccharide is selected from amylopectin.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the saccharide is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose and maltose.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the saccharide is selected from partially oxidized saccharides. (A) sulfur,
(B) a conductive polymorphic carbon, and (C) an aqueous formulation comprising at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which is soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is applied to a metal film and dried. (D) at least one flat carrier, and provided thereon,
(A) sulfur,
(B) comprising a mixture of carbon of a conductive polymorph, and (C) at least one saccharide selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides that are soluble or swellable in an acidic aqueous medium. Electrode.   The electrode according to claim 7, wherein the carbon (B) is selected from graphite, graphene, carbon black, and activated carbon.   The electrode according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the saccharide is selected from amylopectin.   The electrode according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the saccharide is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose and maltose.   The electrode according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the saccharide is selected from partially oxidized saccharides.   Use of the electrode according to any one of claims 7 to 11 in a battery.   A battery comprising at least one electrode according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

Images