JP2013521628A - 改善されたポリマー膜、その製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
改善されたポリマー膜、その製造方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013521628A JP2013521628A JP2012556625A JP2012556625A JP2013521628A JP 2013521628 A JP2013521628 A JP 2013521628A JP 2012556625 A JP2012556625 A JP 2012556625A JP 2012556625 A JP2012556625 A JP 2012556625A JP 2013521628 A JP2013521628 A JP 2013521628A
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000441 polyisocyanide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PGOMVYSURVZIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(nitroso)methane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)N=O PGOMVYSURVZIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、改善されたポリマー膜、その製造方法及びその電気化学反応器、例えば、燃料電池に用いる使用に関する。
a)ポリマーPP、特にポリベンゾイミダゾール(PBI)、
b)可撓性成分B)、特にポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末(PTFE)、及び
c)分散剤C)、特にスルホン化ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、例えば、水性分散液の形のNafion(登録商標)ポリマー
を含む。
アルコールアルコキシレート、例えば、Degressal(登録商標)SD23、
ナフタレンスルホン酸縮合物、特にそのナトリウム塩、例えば、Tamol(登録商標)NN890、
ゲルベアルコールエトキシレート、例えば、Lutensol(登録商標)XP50、
アセチレングリコールベースの製品、例えば、Dynol(登録商標)604、
アセチレンジオールベースの、非イオン性双性界面活性剤、例えば、Surfynol(登録商標)104、
顔料親和基を有する高分子量ブロックコポリマー、例えば、Byk(登録商標)190−193、
顔料親和基を有する有機変性ポリマー、例えば、Tego(登録商標)750W/760W、
シロキサン含有双性界面活性剤、例えば、Tego(登録商標)Twin4000、
シリカ含有、シリコンフリーの有機ポリマー、例えば、Tego(登録商標)Foamex830及び
任意にアルコールとブレンドされたフルオロ界面活性剤、例えば、イソプロピルアルコール及び水、例えば、Zonyl(登録商標)FSAである。
a)30〜50質量部のポリマーPP
b)30〜50質量部の可撓性成分B)
c)5〜15質量部の分散剤C。
d)10〜20質量部の、好ましくはアルコールの、特にn−プロパノールの湿潤性改良剤が含有されている。
1.ポリマーPPを好ましくは60μm未満の粒子径まで微粉砕する工程
2.工程1で得られた粉末を可撓性成分B及び分散剤Cと共に液相、好ましくは水相又はアルコール相中に分散させて、任意にこれを所望の粘度に調整する工程
によって製造される。
I.ガスケットエッジSを有する本発明のポリマー膜、
II.ガスケット本体
を含み、その際、
III.膜が層Sの周囲でガスケット本体に埋込まれ且つ圧縮される、
燃料電池用の膜電極接合体(MEA)も提供する。
主鎖にC−O結合を有するポリマー、例えば、ポリアセタール、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリエーテル、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリエピクロロヒドリン、ポリテトラヒドロフラン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエステル、特にポリヒドロキシ酢酸、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリヒドロキシベンゾエート、ポリヒドロキシプロピオン酸、ポリピバロラクトン、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリマロン酸、ポリカーボネート;主鎖にC−S結合を有するポリマー、例えば、ポリスルフィドエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン;
主鎖にC−N結合を有するポリマー、例えば、ポリイミン、ポリイソシアニド、ポリエーテルイミン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアニリン、ポリアラミド、ポリアミド、ポリヒドラジド、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、ポリアゾール、ポリアゾールエーテルケトン、ポリアジン;
液晶ポリマー、特に熱可塑性樹脂、液晶ポリエステル、例えば、Vectra(商標)、及び
無機ポリマー、例えば、ポリシラン、ポリカルボシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリケイ酸、ポリシリケート、シリコン、ポリホスファゼン及びポリチアジルが挙げられる。
Arは同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい四価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar1は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar2は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価又は三価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar3は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい三価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar4は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい三価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar5は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい四価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar6は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar7は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar8は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい三価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar9は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価又は三価又は四価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar10は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価又は三価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Ar11は同じ又は異なり且つそれぞれ単環式又は多環式であってよい二価の芳香族基又は芳香族複素環基であり、
Xは同じ又は異なり且つ酸素、硫黄、又は水素原子を有するアミノ基、炭素数1〜20の基、好ましくは分枝鎖状又は非分枝鎖状のアルキル基又はアルコキシ基、又は更なるラジカルとしてアリール基であり、
Rは同じ又は異なり且つ水素、アルキル基又は芳香族基であり、且つ式(XX)中のアルキル基又は芳香族基であるが、但し、式(XX)中のRは水素ではないことを条件とし、そしてn、mはそれぞれ10以上、好ましくは100以上の整数である)
の繰り返しアゾール単位を含む。
によって表される。
に対応するスルホン基を結合させる繰り返し単位を有するポリマーが挙げられる。これらのポリマーとしては特に1,2−フェニレン、1,3−フェニレン、1,4−フェニレン、4,4’−ビフェニル、ピリジン、キノリン、ナフタレン、フェナントレンが挙げられる。
(登録商標)Victrex 200 P、(登録商標)Victrex 720 P、(登録商標)Ultrason E、(登録商標)Ultrason S、(登録商標)Mindel、(登録商標)Radel A、(登録商標)Radel R、(登録商標)Victrex HTA、(登録商標)Astrel及び(登録商標)Udel。
− 電気化学的性能は、エッジ強化による影響を受けない、
− 強化エッジは、促進された実験施設内の貯蔵試験において未強化膜よりも安定である、
− 強化膜はガスケット圧縮の条件下で流動しない、
− 電池は(技術的な目的のために)気密である。
本発明のエッジ強化MEAは以下のように製造された:
実施例
1.印刷ペーストの製造
最初に10gのスルホン化テトラフルオロエチレンポリマー(Nafion(登録商標))の10%水溶液を、ビーカーに装入する。室温で、2gのn−プロパノールを磁気撹拌機で撹拌しながら添加し、この混合物を更に5分間撹拌した。5gの篩い分けされたPBI粉末(250メッシュ)を量り入れて、混合物を更に5分間撹拌した。この後、5gのテフロン粉末(平均粒径1μm)を添加した。混合物を室温で更に30分間撹拌した。その後、ペーストは約1000mPasの粘度を有していた。
その後、ペーストをガスケットエッジの形でUltrasonS(登録商標)(BASF)フィルム上に印刷した。使用されるスクリーンサイズは32×120WPWであった。このペーストを室温で空気の下で乾燥させた。乾燥した印刷層の高さは約65μmであった。
印刷ペーストで被覆された2つのフィルムを、CeltecP膜の上面及び下面を覆うように工具を用いて配置した。ホットプレスを用いて、膜への積層転写を80℃及び3000N/cm2で1分間かけて行った。印刷ペーストは部分的に膜に浸透し、PBI粉末は酸を吸収し、そして膜のエッジ領域はこうして強化された。積層転写は、工具で圧力を加えた時のみ行った。従って、事実上の強化領域を工具の形状によって固定することが可能であった。こうして製造された膜は、強化されたガスケット領域において150μmの厚さを有していた。未強化の活性領域は400μmの厚さを有していた。
2つのガス拡散電極(アノード及びカソード)を、位置合わせ及び加圧の工具を用いて膜を覆うように配置した。ガス拡散電極は、強化エッジと約1〜2mm重なった。強化膜エッジの外部領域は覆われないままであった。圧縮されていない状態のMEA厚さは1100μmであった。圧縮は、スペーサ(シム)によって規定された規定の厚さまで140℃で30秒間行った。この圧力は、MEAがシムの高さ(500μm)まで完全に圧縮されるように選択された。これは柔軟に且つ弾力的にMEAを変形させた。この弾性要素は、圧力が除かれた後に再びMEAに厚さを獲得させた。この厚さは約900μmであった。強化膜エッジの厚さは125μmであった。
こうして製造されたMEAをオーブン内にて160℃で1時間半焼成し、次いで燃料電池内に組み込んだ。電流/電圧特性は、標準MEAと比較して性能において全く相違がなかった。図1は対応する特性を示し、これは次の条件の下で記録した:
T:160℃
供給されたガス:水素、空気
Claims (13)
- 層Sを有するポリマーPMをベースとしたイオン伝導膜であって、前記層SはポリマーPPの粉末をベースとし且つ像様に該膜に適用されてその上に付着した、イオン伝導膜。
- 前記層Sが膜と併せてガスケットエッジとして適しており且つ機械的な補強をもたらす、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 膜及び層Sから構成されたガスケットエッジ内のポリマー含有率がガスケットエッジの外部よりも高い、請求項2に記載のイオン伝導膜。
- 膜のベースとして使用されるポリマーPMが粉末のポリマーPPと同一である、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 粉末が少なくとも部分的に膜表面に存在するだけではなく膜自体にも存在する、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- ポリマーPP及び/又はPMがポリベンゾイミダゾール(PBI)をベースとする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の膜。
- 本質的に
a)ポリマーPP、特にポリベンゾイミダゾール、特に粉末を基準として30〜50質量部の程度までのポリベンゾイミダゾール、
b)可撓性成分、特にポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末、及び
c)分散剤、特にスルホン化ポリテトラフルオロエチレン
を含む、請求項1に記載の膜に使用される粉末。 - ポリマーPPの粉末を膜フィルムに適用し且つこれを圧縮することを含む、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の膜の製造方法。
- 膜フィルムを酸ドープした、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 粉末を分散液又はペーストの形で適用する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 粉末のペースト又は分散液が1〜1000mPasの粘度を有する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも、
I.請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載のポリマー膜、
II.ガスケット本体
を含み、その際、
III.膜が層Sの周囲でガスケット本体に埋込まれ且つ圧縮された、
燃料電池用の膜電極接合体(MEA)。 - 請求項12に記載の少なくとも1つの膜電極接合体を含む電気化学反応器。
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| EP10155581 | 2010-03-05 | ||
| EP10155581.1 | 2010-03-05 | ||
| PCT/IB2011/050922 WO2011107967A2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-03-04 | Improved polymer membranes, processes for production thereof and use thereof |
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| EP (1) | EP2543101A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2013521628A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20130038826A (ja) |
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| JPWO2016056430A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-10 | 2017-05-18 | 日本ゴア株式会社 | 燃料電池用電解質膜 |
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| US9095845B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-08-04 | Basf Se | Catalyst support material comprising polyazole salt, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom |
| EP2843743B1 (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2018-03-28 | Basf Se | Membrane electrode units for high temperature fuel cells with improved stability |
| CN103944079B (zh) * | 2014-04-18 | 2016-04-13 | 象山一山工业设计有限公司 | 公变箱 |
| CN112259757B (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-05-17 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | 一种膜电极密封填充剂及其制备方法 |
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| KR20130038826A (ko) | 2013-04-18 |
| EP2543101A4 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| WO2011107967A3 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
| CN102782919A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| EP2543101A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| WO2011107967A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
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