JP2013047268A - 環状抗微生物ペプチド - Google Patents
環状抗微生物ペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013047268A JP2013047268A JP2012252220A JP2012252220A JP2013047268A JP 2013047268 A JP2013047268 A JP 2013047268A JP 2012252220 A JP2012252220 A JP 2012252220A JP 2012252220 A JP2012252220 A JP 2012252220A JP 2013047268 A JP2013047268 A JP 2013047268A
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- peptide
- spp
- peptides
- amino acids
- acid
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Abstract
【解決手段】 本発明は環状陽イオン性ペプチド及び該ペプチドの微生物感染の治療への使用に関する。
【選択図】 なし
Description
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
ここで、lとmは0から10までの整数で両方が0ではなく、nは1から10までの整数、XとYは疎水性アミノ酸及び/または陽イオン性アミノ酸グループから選択されており(XとYが同一ないしは異なる場合がありうる)、当該ペプチドは環状化され、医薬品として使用するためのものである。
X及び/又はYは、ここで例示されたD及び/又はLアミノ酸により定義された疎水性又は陽イオン性アミノ酸の光学異性体であってもよい。好ましくは、X及び/又はYはDアミノ酸である。
本発明の好ましい態様では、式Iのペプチドは、少なくとも90%、例としては97-99%、例えば95%又は100%のLアミノ酸より構成される。
より好ましい形態においては、XとYは同一である。XとYが同一であり、かつリジン又はアルギニンであるのが更に好ましい。
式Iのペプチドにおいて、lは1であり、nも1であり、そしてmは4と9の間、例えば3,4,5,6,7,8又は9であってもよい。
式Iのペプチドにおいて、lとmは0と7の間の整数であり、nは1と10の間の整数であってもよい。
式Iのペプチドにおいて、XとYは同一であり、lは0、mは1、そしてnは3,4,5,6,7,8,9又は10であってもよい。
式Iのペプチドにおいて、XとYは同一であり、lは1、mは2、そしてnは1,2,3又は4であってもよい。
発明の更なる態様では、式IIに従ったアミノ酸を含むペプチドである。
(X)n (II)
ここで、Xとnはこれまで説明してきた通りである。Xはリジン、アルギニン又はオルニチンであることが好ましく、nは3から15までの整数であることが好ましい。
本発明のそれに替わりうる実施態様では、Xはリジンである。
本発明のさらにそれに替わりうる実施態様では、Xはオルニチンである。
K-K-K-K-K-K-K
R-R-R-R-R-R-R
K-K-K-K-K-K-K
R-R-R-R-R-R-R
O-O-O-O-O-O-O
DR-DR-DR-DR-DR-DR-DR
DO-DO-DO-DO-DO-DO-DO
DK-DK-DK-DK-DK-DK-DK
本発明のペプチドを含む溶媒や希釈剤には酸溶液、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-(2-メルカプトプロピオニル)グリシン、2-n-ノニル-1,3-ジオキソランやエチルアルコールが含まれうる。溶媒/希釈剤は酸性溶媒が望ましく、例えば酢酸、クエン酸、ホウ酸、乳酸、プロピオン酸、リン酸、安息香酸、酪酸、リンゴ酸、マロン酸、シュウ酸、コハク酸や酒石酸である。
実施例1
7アミノ酸のポリリジンペプチドの環状化は1等量の保護済みのペプチドを1等量のHATUとDMF(ジメチルホルムアミド)中にて100mg/mlになるように溶解することによって行った。pHを上げるために、2.5等量のDIEA(ジイソプロピルエチルアミン)を加え、反応の進行はHPLCにて追跡した。反応完了時、ペプチドは水によって沈殿させ、水でさらに洗浄した。該ペプチドは乾燥させ、環状ペプチドの最終産物を産生するためにフッ化水素酸にて脱保護した。イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにて凍結乾燥前にフッ化水素酸溶媒を酢酸にて置換した。
7アミノ酸のポリアルギニンペプチドの環状化は1等量の保護済みのペプチドを5等量のNaHCO3(炭酸水素ナトリウム)とDMFに溶解した2等量のPyBOPと28.5mg/mlにて化合することによって行った。反応はTLCにて追跡し、反応完了時、ペプチドは水によって沈殿させ、水でさらに洗浄した。該ペプチドは乾燥させ、環状ペプチドの最終産物を産生するためにフッ化水素酸にて脱保護した。イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにて凍結乾燥前にフッ化水素酸溶媒を酢酸にて置換した。
7アミノ酸のポリアルギニンペプチドの環状化:
溶液1: 57mgのHBTU(分子量=379.3、0.15mmole)又は57mgのHATU (分子量=380.3、0.15mmole)と60mlの0.92mg/ml NMM (n-メチルモルフォリン、分子量=101.2、0.55mole)を2.86mlのDMFに溶解したもの
溶液2: 288mgのH-[Arg(pbf)]7-OH(分子量=2877.6、0.1mmole)(7アミノ酸ポリアルギニンペプチド)を0.71mlのDMFに溶解したもの
(*HATUを用いたカップリングは5時間後に完了した。NMMの量はH-[Arg(pbf)]7-OH中のTFA超過分に依存する。)
本環状ペプチドは少なくとも95%光学異性体として純度の高いものが合成され、これは97と99%の間で変動する傾向にあった。これらのペプチドはこの方法によって合成される度に最低95%光学異性体として純度の高いものであった。
関連する菌株の環状ペプチドに対する感受性はClinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI; 以前のNCCLS) Approved Standardsを使って決定した。菌類の感受性は“Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Test of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard M38-P”を用いて試験し、酵母の感受性は“Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Test of yeasts; Approved Standard-Second Edition M27-A”を用いて試験した。
関連するバクテリア株の環状ペプチドに対する感受性はClinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI; 以前のNCCLS) Approved Standardsを使って決定した。バクテリア類の感受性は“Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Anaerobically; Approved Standard ? Seven Edition M7-A7”を用いて試験した。
評価対象のペプチドは希望の濃度でNunc社の96穴プレート内で3穴ずつ分収し、1:1の連続希釈液(100ml)を作成した。100mlの洗浄し(50mlのHBSSにて3回洗浄)保存しておいた赤血球細胞(RBC)(1x108 RBC/ml)を試験穴に加え、37℃で3時間保温した。保温後、さらに100mlのHBSSを全ての穴に加え、プレートごと4℃で一晩保管した。100mlの上清を分取し、新規のマイクロタイタープレートに移し、Sunrise plate reader (Tascam社)にて450/620nmの波長吸光度を測定した。緩衝液のみ、緩衝液とRBC、水とRBCの対象穴(4穴分ずつ)もまた保温した。データはプロットし、Graph Pad (Prism software社)を用いて統計解析を行った。
環状ペプチドの配列
分析したペプチドの配列は以下の通りである:
ペプチド1: Cyclic-K-K-K-K-K-K-K
ペプチド2: Cyclic-R-R-R-R-R-R-R
ペプチド3: Cyclic-K-K-K-K-K-K-K-G
ペプチド4: Cyclic-R-R-R-R-R-R-R-G
ペプチド5: Cyclic-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-G
ペプチド6: Cyclic-DR-DR-DR-DR-DR-DR-DR-G
ペプチド7: Cyclic-DO-DO-DO-DO-DO-DO-DO-G
ペプチド8: Cyclic-DK-DK-DK-DK-DK-DK-DK-G
接頭語“D-“はペプチド合成に使用されたアミノ酸のD-アイソマーを示す。”O“は非天然アミノ酸であるオルニチンを表す。
3, 5, 9, 11, 13又は15のアルギニン又はリジンから構成されている環状ペプチドは合成され、その活性も測定された(データは示さず)。
E..ColiとStaphylococcus aureusの培養にペプチド1を暴露したところ、37℃で16時間増殖させた後のMICは両バクテリアとも1mMであった(表2)。全体として、ペプチド1はE..ColiとStaphylococcus aureusともこの濃度で増殖を抑制する。
本実験はペプチド2で同様に行われた。ペプチド2のE.coliに対するMICは0.1mMであり、S.aureusに対するMICは1.0mMであった。このことから該ペプチドのバクテリア増殖に対する有意な影響が示される。
ペプチド1及び2に対しサイズで対応する線形ペプチドはペプチド1及び2よりもそれぞれ有意に低い活性しか示さなかった。
T.rubrumのペプチド1−8に対する感受性を試験した。ペプチド1は培養したT.rubrumに対して0.1mMのMICを示した。ペプチド2は培養したT.rubrumに対して0.25mMのMICを示した。
ペプチド1及び2に対しサイズで対応する線形ペプチドはペプチド1及び2よりもそれぞれ有意に低い活性しか示さなかった。
ペプチド3−8は一つのグリシン残基を環状ペプチドリングに導入している。それ故、ペプチド3−8はペプチド1,2の7アミノ酸に比べ、8アミノ酸長である。ペプチド3−6は全てT.rubrumに対する抗菌類活性を示した(それぞれMIC(mM) 4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0)。ペプチド7−8は最高評価濃度(4mM)でもT.rubrumに対する抗菌類活性を示さなかった。
ペプチド3−6は抗菌類活性を示したが、非陽イオンアミノ酸であるグリシンの導入により、有意に抗菌類活性が減少した。例を挙げると、この現象はペプチド4(グリシン添加型;MIC=2.0mM)(表2)と比したペプチド2の活性(グリシン不添加型;MIC=0.2mM)で認められる。このデータは、7及び8アミノ酸長の環状ペプチド両方に抗菌類活性は存在するが、陽イオン性の低下したペプチドではT.rubrumに対する抗菌類活性は減少することを示している。
T.interdigitaleのペプチド2−8に対する感受性を評価した。ペプチド2−8のT.interdigitaleに対する抗菌類活性を表2に示す。ペプチド2,4及び6がT.interdigitaleに対し活性を有している。
C.neoformansのペプチド4及び6−8に対する感受性を”Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard ? Second Edition M27-A”を用いて評価した。
表2は陽イオン性環状ペプチド4及び6−8が病原性酵母であるC.neoformansに対し抗菌類活性を有している (それぞれMICs=1.0mM, 0.5mM, 2.0mMそして0.5mM)ことを示している。
選択された60に渡る微生物病原体に対するペプチド2の抗微生物活性を表3に示す。確認できるように、最大の抗微生物活性(すなわち最小MIC)は一貫して菌類、特に皮膚糸状菌、Scopulariopsis brevicaulis,、Malassezia furfur、非白色Candida sppやバクテリアであるE.coliに対して認められる。
全てL体及び全てD体の環状陽イオンペプチドの阻害効果の比較を表2に示す。ペプチド4及び6はアルギニン(7アミノ酸)とグリシン(1アミノ酸)を含む全てL体及び全てD体の対応する環状カチオンペプチドである。T.rubrumに対する抗菌類活性は全てD体の種類についての方が全てL体の種類についてよりも大きい(それぞれMIC=1.0と2.0mM)。T.interdigitaleに対する抗菌類活性は全てD体の種類についての方が全てL体の種類についてよりも大きい(それぞれMIC=0.25と0.5mM)。酵母であるC.neofarmansに対する抗菌類活性は全てD体の種類についての方が全てL体の種類についてよりも大きい(それぞれMIC=0.5と1.0mM)。このことより本ペプチドでは全てD体の種類についての方が全てL体の種類についてよりも高活性であることが示される。
ペプチド3と8はリジン(7アミノ酸)とグリシン(1アミノ酸)を含む全てL体及び全てD体の対応する環状カチオンペプチドである。T.rubrumに対する抗菌類活性は全てL体の種類についての方が全てD体の種類についてよりも大きい(それぞれMIC=4.0と>4.0mM)。どちらのペプチドもT.interdigitaleに対する抗菌類活性は示していない(両ペプチドともMIC>4.0mM)。
環状ペプチドの溶血活性(表4)は抗菌類活性を示す濃度以上の濃度ではごく僅かである。
ペプチド2,9及び10では抗菌類活性を示す濃度と同程度の濃度では幹細胞毒性は認められない。
(1)式Iのアミノ酸を含んでなる環状ペプチド又はその変異体であって、
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
ここでl及びmは、共に0である場合を除いた0から10までの整数であり、nは1から10までの整数であり、
XとYは陽イオンアミノ酸よりなるグループから選択されるアミノ酸であり、両者は同一であっても、異なっていてもよく、医薬としての使用のための変異体。
(2)2から50のアミノ酸を含んでなる(1)に記載のペプチド。
(3)3から15のアミノ酸を含んでなる(2)に記載のペプチド。
(4)5から13のアミノ酸を含んでなる(3)に記載のペプチド。
(5)X及び/又はYがアルギニン、リジン又はオルニチンである(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のペプチド。
(6)X及びYが同一であり、かつ、アルギニン又はリジンである(5)に記載のペプチド。
(7)X及びYが同一であり、かつ、アルギニンである(6)に記載のペプチド。
(8)X及び/又はYがD型アミノ酸である(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載のペプチド。
(9)X及び/又はYがL型アミノ酸である(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載のペプチド。
(10)l及びmが0と7の間の整数であり、かつ、nが1と10の間の整数である(1)
〜(9)のいずれかに記載のペプチド。
(11)ペプチドがR−R−R−R−R−R−Rである(1)〜(10)のいずれかに記載のペプチド。
(12)式Iのペプチドを、該ペプチドの2つの末端アミノ酸残基間でペプチド結合を形成しうるカップリング剤と該ペプチドを反応させることにより、環状化することを含む、(1)〜(11)のいずれかに記載のペプチドの調製方法。
(13)カップリング剤がHATU−O−(7−アザベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルォロホスフェートである(12)に記載の方法。
(14)(12)又は(13)の方法によって取得される環状ペプチド。
(15)(1)から(11)のいずれかに記載のペプチドの薬剤上有効な用量と薬剤としての条件を満たしうるキャリア、賦形剤又は希釈剤からなる組成物。
(16)式Iのアミノ酸を含んでなる環状ペプチド又はその変異体の使用であって、
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
(ここでl及びmは、共に0である場合を除いた0から10までの整数であり、nは1から10までの整数であり、XとYは陽イオンアミノ酸よりなるグループから選択されるアミノ酸であり、両者は同一であっても、異なっていてもよい)、
微生物感染の治療のための医薬の製造における使用。
(17)感染が菌類感染である(16)に記載の使用。
(18)菌類感染がCandida spp., Epidermophyton spp., Exophiala spp., Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp., Tinea spp., Aspergillus spp., Blastomyces spp., Blastoschizomyces spp., Coccidioides spp., Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma spp., Paracoccidiomyces spp., Sporotrix spp., Absidia spp., Cladophialophora spp., Fonsecaea spp., Phialophora spp., Lacazia spp., Arthrographis spp., Acremonium spp., Actinomadura spp., Apophysomyces spp., Emmonsia spp., Basidiobolus spp., Beauveria spp., Chrysosporium spp., Conidiobolus spp., Cunninghamella spp., Fusarium spp., Geotrichum spp., Graphium spp., Leptosphaeria spp., Malassezia spp., Mucor spp., Neotestudina spp., Nocardiopsis spp., Paecilomyces spp., Phoma spp., Piedraia spp., Pneumocystis spp., Pseudallescheria spp., Pyrenochaeta spp., Rhizomucor spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Saccharomyces spp., Scedosporium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Sporobolomyces spp., Syncephalastrum spp., Trichoderma spp., Trichosporon spp., Ulocladium spp.,Ustilago spp., Verticillium spp., Wangiella spp.属の菌類由来の病原菌類により引き起こされる(16)に記載の使用。
(19)菌類感染が皮膚糸状菌による感染である(17)に記載の使用。
(20)皮膚糸状菌感染が白癬感染である(19)に記載の使用。
(21)皮膚糸状菌感染が、Trichophyton, Epidermophyton又はMicrosporum属の皮膚糸状菌によって引き起こされる(19)に記載の使用。
(22)皮膚糸状菌が、Trichophyton spp.である(21)に記載の使用。
(23)皮膚糸状菌が、Trichophyton interdigitaleである(22)に記載の使用。
(24)皮膚糸状菌が、Trichophyton rubrumである(22)に記載の使用。
(25)菌類感染が、爪甲真菌症である(17)〜(24)のいずれかに記載の使用。
(26)式Iのアミノ酸を含んでなる環状ペプチド又はその変異体の使用であって、
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
(ここでl及びmは、共に0である場合を除いた0から10までの整数であり、nは1から10までの整数であり、XとYは陽イオンアミノ酸よりなるグループから選択されたアミノ酸であり、両者は同一であっても、異なっていてもよい)
創傷治療のための医薬の製造における使用。
(27)式Iのアミノ酸を含んでなる環状ペプチド又はその変異体の、薬剤上有効な用量を対象に投与することを含む該対象における微生物感染の治療又は予防方法であって、
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
(ここでl及びmは、共に0である場合を除いた0から10までの整数であり、nは1から10までの整数であり、XとYは陽イオンアミノ酸よりなるグループから選択されたアミノ酸であり、両者は同一であっても、異なっていてもよい)、治療又は予防方法。
(28)微生物感染が、菌類感染である(27)に記載の方法。
(29)薬剤上有効な用量のペプチド又はペプチド変異体が局所的に投与される(27)又は(28)に記載の方法。
(30)薬剤上有効な用量のペプチド又はペプチド変異体が局所的に対象の皮膚又は爪に投与される(29)に記載の方法。
Claims (1)
- 式Iのアミノ酸を含んでなる環状ペプチド又はその変異体の使用であって、
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
ここでl及びmは、共に0である場合を除いた0から10までの整数であり、nは1から10までの整数であり、XとYは陽イオンアミノ酸よりなるグループから選択されるアミノ酸であり、両者は同一であっても、異なっていてもよく、微生物感染の治療のための医薬の製造における使用。
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| WO2013096823A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Cationic peptides and use of such peptides for inhibiting exotoxin production |
| KR101502797B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-03-17 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 신규한 양친매성 고리형 펩티드, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 안정한 자기조립 나노전달체 |
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