JP2012070608A - Magnet-excited rotary electric machine system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine system that can use a less antimagnetic magnet other than rare earths and can control a magnetic flux content.SOLUTION: A rotary electric machine having about magnetic poles of permanent magnets 23 alternating flux barriers 24 for reducing the magnetic field strength of an alternating magnetic flux from an armature coil 16 while transmitting direct magnetic fluxes from the permanent magnets 23 can use a less antimagnetic magnet other than rare earths because of the reduced alternating magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnets 23. A rotary electric machine device has variably magnetizing control magnets in magnetic salient poles spaced from the armature and can change the state of magnetization via a pulse exciting magnetic flux from the armature coil 16 to provide a variable magnetic flux content. The alternating flux barriers 24 comprise alternately laminated nonmagnetic conductive layers and magnetic layers, and are arranged such that the permanent magnets 23 contacts with the magnetic layers.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine system including a generator and a motor having a permanent magnet field.

  A rotating electrical machine (IPM) in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a magnetic body in the vicinity of the rotor surface can be driven in a wide rotational speed range, and is widely used. However, permanent magnets placed near the rotor surface are always exposed to the magnetic flux from the armature coil, and rare earth magnets with a high coercive force are essential. There is a need for a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine apparatus using magnets.

  On the other hand, IPM has a performance limit due to permanent magnet excitation, and further proposes to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the permanent magnet during operation of the rotating electrical machine, aiming at improving controllability and high-speed rotation performance. There is. JP-A-2006-280195, JP-A-2008-048514, JP-A-2008-125201, etc. are examples thereof, and the magnetic field formed by the armature coil is formed by forming the magnetic pole near the rotor surface with a permanent magnet having high and low coercive force. By trying to change the magnetization of the low coercive force magnet. However, the placement of the low coercive force magnet at a position that is always exposed to the strong magnetic field created by the armature coil makes the magnetization state of the low coercive force magnet unstable, and there remains a serious concern about the stability of the system.

JP 2006-280195 A JP 2008-048514 A JP 2008-125201 A

  Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that a rotating electrical machine system that can use a low coercive force magnet other than a rare earth magnet, a rotating electrical machine system that can reinforce torque in a low rotational speed region while utilizing reluctance torque, and a magnetic flux amount. It is to provide a control method.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature, and is surrounded by a permanent magnet arranged so as to contact the magnetic salient poles. Magnetic salient poles adjacent to each other are magnetized differently from each other, the armature has one or more armature coils in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the rotor, and the armature and the rotor A rotating electrical machine apparatus that is opposed to each other and is relatively rotatable, and includes an AC flux barrier configured by alternately laminating conductor layers and magnetic layers, and the AC flux barrier One of the outermost magnetic layers is arranged so as to be in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet.

  In the rotor, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows in a direct current, and the magnetic flux from the armature coil flows in an alternating current. The AC flux barrier reduces the strength of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil to the permanent magnet using these characteristics of the magnetic flux, and allows the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet to pass through the magnetic salient pole. In other words, the AC flux barrier is configured by alternately laminating conductor layers and magnetic layers, and AC flux is difficult to pass by inducing eddy currents in the conductor layer, and AC flux and DC flux along the magnetic layer. Is configured to flow easily. Therefore, some AC magnetic flux whose direction of flow is changed by the eddy currents induced in the conductor layer is induced in the magnetic layer and escapes from the permanent magnet without causing unnecessary eddy currents. Magnetic flux is also induced to flow along the magnetic layer. Of course, the conductor layers are electrically insulated from each other.

  When a conductor is placed on the magnetic pole of a permanent magnet, AC magnetic flux from the armature coil is difficult to flow by inducing eddy current in the conductor, but since the conductor is equivalent to a magnetic air gap, magnetic flux from the permanent magnet also flows. It is difficult to apply a large demagnetizing field to the permanent magnet. The AC flux barrier solves this problem. In the AC flux barrier, the thickness of each conductor layer can be reduced. Therefore, in each conductor layer, the magnetic resistance with respect to the AC magnetic flux and the magnetic resistance with respect to the DC magnetic flux are set to be small, and the AC magnetic flux induced in each magnetic layer is reduced. The alternating magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnet is suppressed by flowing away from the permanent magnet. Since the magnetic layer that is always a magnetic path is in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, the demagnetizing field acting on the permanent magnet is suppressed. According to the present invention, the AC magnetic field intensity from the armature is reduced, and the demagnetizing field to the permanent magnet is suppressed, so that a magnet material having a small coercive force can be adopted for the permanent magnet.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the conductor layer is electrically insulated from the magnetic salient pole formed by laminating conductive magnetic plates. And The magnetic salient pole and the conductor layer, which are formed by laminating conductive magnetic plates, are electrically insulated from each other so that a circulating current does not flow through a path including the conductive magnetic plate and the conductor layer. Conductive magnetic plates include silicon steel plates, permalloy, etc., and the means of electrical insulation can use a ceramic layer that excels in heat conductivity as well as heat dissipation from the conductor layer and a filler that excels in thermal conductivity. .

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the conductor layer in the AC flux barrier is composed of a nonmagnetic conductor, and the nonmagnetic conductor layer of the AC flux barrier has one or more holes. And the hole is provided with a magnetic material. The nonmagnetic conductor layer makes it difficult for AC magnetic flux to flow, but it also acts as a magnetic gap against DC magnetic flux, increasing the magnetic resistance. The present invention has a hole in the nonmagnetic conductor layer, and a magnetic material is arranged in the hole to effectively reduce the magnetic resistance against a direct magnetic flux. The hole portion is constituted by a through hole or a bottomed hole.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the conductor layer in the AC flux barrier is made of a nonmagnetic conductor, and is minimized in each nonmagnetic conductor layer of the AC flux barrier. The thickness is smaller than the thickness of the magnetic layer. The nonmagnetic conductor layer makes it difficult for AC magnetic flux to flow, but it also acts as a magnetic gap against DC magnetic flux, increasing the magnetic resistance. In the present invention, the minimum thickness of the non-magnetic conductor layer is set to be smaller than the thickness of the magnetic layer, and the magnetic resistance against a direct current magnetic flux is set to be small.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, at least a nonmagnetic conductor is disposed between the magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the rotor surface, and the permanent magnet is located at the magnetic salient pole. It is arranged on the side away from the surface facing the armature. The rotor is a rotating electrical machine device that has at least a nonmagnetic conductor between magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the surface, has a large AC magnetic resistance change in the circumferential direction, and can use reluctance torque. In order to improve the torque, there are permanent magnets that magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles in different polarities. Since the permanent magnet is arranged on the side of the magnetic salient pole away from the armature facing surface, the magnetic field intensity from the armature coil is small, and the AC magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet is suppressed by the AC flux barrier. The

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the permanent magnet and the AC flux barrier are arranged between magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. The rotor has a structure having a permanent magnet and an AC flux barrier between magnetic salient poles near the surface. The AC magnetic field strength from the armature coil to the permanent magnet is suppressed by the AC flux barrier, and the AC magnetic resistance is increased by the AC flux barrier along the rotor surface, so that the reluctance torque can be used. .

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the magnetic salient pole in the vicinity of the rotor surface is magnetically divided in the circumferential direction by a non-magnetic region including a gap, and the permanent magnet is The magnetic salient pole is arranged on the side away from the surface facing the armature. The rotor is a rotating electrical machine apparatus that has a non-magnetic region including a gap between magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the surface, and that has a large magnetoresistance change in the circumferential direction and can use reluctance torque. Since the permanent magnet is disposed on the side of the magnetic salient pole away from the surface facing the armature, the magnetic flux from the armature coil is dispersed and the magnetic field strength is weakened. Further, the permanent magnet is added to the permanent magnet by an AC flux barrier. The AC magnetic field strength that is generated is suppressed.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, a part of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor and the magnetic salient pole are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction near the surface of the rotor. The magnetic salient pole is magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate by the permanent magnet and nonmagnetic material. The magnetic salient pole is structured to be magnetically separated from the surrounding magnetic material by a member including at least a permanent magnet, and is substantially periodically embedded in the vicinity of the surface of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor in the circumferential direction. It is characterized by being. In other words, the magnetic salient pole is an island-shaped magnetic pole arranged in a uniform magnetic substrate, and the magnetic flux passing through the armature coil through part of the magnetic substrate located between the magnetic salient poles. Enabling reluctance torque. As a member for magnetically separating the magnetic salient poles from the surrounding magnetic substrate, a nonmagnetic material, a nonmagnetic conductor, or the like is used in addition to the permanent magnet.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the armature coil is wound around one or more magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor. Further, a control magnet is magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and is disposed on a side of the rotor away from the surface facing the armature, and includes at least two magnetic teeth that oppose the magnetic salient pole. A pulsed current is supplied to each of the armature coils wound around the magnetic teeth so as to generate magnetic fluxes in opposite directions in the two magnetic teeth so that the magnetization state of the control magnet is irreversibly changed. The magnetic flux amount that is linked to the armature coil is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnet in accordance with the output so as to optimize the output of the rotating electrical machine device.

  The rotor has a permanent magnet and a control magnet that magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles to different polarities in order to improve torque at low speed. An AC flux barrier is disposed in the vicinity of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet so that the AC magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnet from the armature coil is limited. The position where the control magnet is arranged is away from the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and the leakage magnetic field mainly between adjacent magnetic teeth is attenuated during normal rotational driving, so that no irreversible magnetization change occurs in the control magnet. It is such a position. The control magnet and the permanent magnet are magnetically connected in parallel. By changing the magnetization of the control magnet, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is short-circuited by the control magnet, or the magnetic flux from the control magnet is added to the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet. The amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is controlled. The output to be optimized includes a rotational driving force in the case of an electric motor, a braking force and a recovered energy amount during regenerative braking, and a generated voltage in the case of a generator.

  When the rotor is driven, leakage magnetic flux mainly from between adjacent magnetic teeth is applied to the rotor so that the magnetic flux flows along the magnetic salient pole and the rotor surface. When changing the magnetization state of the control magnet, each armature coil wound around two magnetic teeth including at least the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient pole so that the exciting magnetic flux flows to the inside of the magnetic salient pole. A pulsed current is supplied. The two magnetic teeth are not limited to adjacent magnetic teeth, but are suitable for flowing a pulsed excitation magnetic flux to the control magnet to be changed in magnetization, and the magnetization direction of the control magnet, magnetic It is selected according to the positional relationship between the body salient poles and the magnetic teeth. The rotor is driven by controlling the current supplied to the armature coil according to the position of the armature coil and the rotor, and the magnetization state of the control magnet is changed.

  The permanent magnet and the control magnet are magnetically connected in parallel, but an AC flux barrier is placed near the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet so that AC magnetic flux does not flow easily. Configured to be focused on. The permanent magnet and the control magnet can change the magnetization of only the control magnet by providing a difference in the ease of magnetization change even under the condition that the coercive force and the magnetization direction thickness are substantially equal. Moreover, both permanent magnets and control magnets can be made of a magnet material having a small coercive force other than rare earth magnets.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the ninth aspect, wherein the control magnet includes a magnet element disposed between the magnetic bodies and having a product of a magnetization direction length and a coercive force different from each other. It is characterized in that the magnet elements are connected in parallel to each other. The control magnet is constituted by a configuration in which one or more magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization are connected in parallel, or a magnet in which the product of the easiness of magnetization, that is, the magnetization direction length and the coercive force changes continuously. The distribution mode of the different ease of magnetization in the control magnet is not limited to one magnetic pole cross section, but may be distributed to the entire rotor so as to be reflected as the total amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil. . Magnetomotive force (magnetic potential difference) due to the armature coil is applied almost evenly to the magnet elements constituting the control magnet, and the value obtained by dividing the magnetomotive force by the length of the magnetization direction is the magnetic field strength applied to each magnet element, so the magnetization direction Magnet elements having a small product of length and coercive force are easily magnetized, and the magnetization state of the magnet elements connected in parallel is selectively controlled by a current applied to the armature coil.

  The invention of claim 11 is the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 9, wherein the armature coils other than the armature coil to which the pulsed current is supplied when changing the magnetization state of the control magnet are armature coil units or It is characterized by being short-circuited in units of groups to which the armature coils belong. When there is a magnetic tooth around which a non-energized armature coil is wound in the vicinity of a magnetic tooth around which an armature coil that is supplied with pulsed currents in opposite directions is opposed to the magnetic salient pole May short-circuit the pulsed magnetic flux through the magnetic teeth. The non-energized armature coil is short-circuited at both ends so that the pulsed magnetic flux hardly flows in a short circuit.

  The invention of claim 12 is the rotating electrical machine system according to claim 9, wherein the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet in the pair of the control magnet and the permanent magnet connected in parallel to each other is greater than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet. A magnetic body salient pole that has a control magnet and permanent magnet pair set to, and the amount of magnetic flux that flows through the armature becomes zero due to the change in magnetization of the control magnet and / or magnetic flux that flows through the armature The magnetic salient poles whose directions are reversed are arranged, and the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that change the magnetization of the control magnet and leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side is changed.

  At high speed rotation, the switching frequency of the current supplied to the armature coil becomes high. The present invention includes a state in which the magnetic fluxes from the control magnet and the permanent magnet are added to each other and flow to the armature, and a state in which the magnetic fluxes from the control magnet and the permanent magnet cancel each other and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is substantially zero. At least magnetic salient poles that can be switched by changing the magnetization of the control magnet, and the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that change the magnetization of the control magnet and leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side. It is configured to be changeable. In addition, the magnetic flux amount from the control magnet whose magnetization direction has been reversed together with the two states exceeds the magnetic flux amount from the permanent magnet, including the state where the direction of the magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reversed. The number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions can be changed. As a result, even at high speed rotation, the frequency of the current supplied to the armature coil is suppressed and rotation driving can be facilitated.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the face facing the armature, and the armature has one or more in the vicinity of the face facing the rotor. A magnetic salient pole excitation method for a rotating electrical machine apparatus having an armature coil in a circumferential direction and configured so that the armature and the rotor face each other with a small gap and are relatively rotatable. Each magnetic body salient pole is a combination of an AC flux barrier formed by alternately laminating a conductor layer and a magnetic layer and a permanent magnet whose magnetic pole surface is in contact with the magnetic layer that is one of the outermost layers of the AC flux barrier. The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet passes through the AC flux barrier while suppressing the strength of the AC magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet from the armature coil by the AC flux barrier so that adjacent magnetic salient poles are different from each other. Magnetism characterized by magnetizing It is a salient pole excitation method.

  In the AC flux barrier, AC magnetic flux induces eddy currents in the nonmagnetic conductor layer to change the direction of flow, and part of it is induced in the magnetic layer. If the length of the nonmagnetic conductor layer is approximately the same as that of the permanent magnet portion, the AC magnetic flux and DC magnetic flux induced in the magnetic material layer are quickly opened to the space including the magnetic material and the air gap. Furthermore, if the thickness of each nonmagnetic conductor layer is set small, the amount of magnetic flux induced in the magnetic layer is increased while suppressing heat generation due to eddy current, and the magnetic resistance in the nonmagnetic conductor layer against DC magnetic flux is reduced. . Further, since a magnetic layer that always becomes a magnetic path exists on the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, the demagnetizing field acting on the permanent magnet is suppressed. Therefore, the AC magnetic field intensity from the armature is reduced by the present invention, and the magnetic salient pole can be magnetized without any trouble by the permanent magnet.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and is arranged in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. One or more magnetic teeth and magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor are magnetized with magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction by the permanent magnets formed. A method for controlling the amount of magnetic flux in a rotating electrical machine apparatus having an armature coil wound around the armature, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other through a minute gap and are relatively rotatable. The control magnet is disposed at a portion away from the surface facing the armature and magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and nonmagnetic conductor layers and magnetic layers are alternately laminated. Has an AC flux barrier configured and is one of the outermost layers of the AC flux barrier An AC flux barrier is disposed so that the active material layer is in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, and a pulsed current is supplied to the armature coil wound around the magnetic material tooth facing the magnetic material salient pole to This is a magnetic flux amount control method configured to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the control magnet in contact with the pole, change the magnetization state of the control magnet, and control the magnetic flux amount linked to the armature coil.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and is arranged in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. One or more magnetic teeth and magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor are magnetized with magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction by the permanent magnets formed. A method for controlling the number of magnetic poles of a rotating electrical machine apparatus having an armature coil wound around the armature, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other with a minute gap and are relatively rotatable. The control magnet is disposed at a portion remote from the armature facing surface and magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and the control magnet and permanent magnet pair connected in parallel with each other. The amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet is set to be greater than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet. The magnet has a control magnet and permanent magnet pair, and the direction of the magnetic flux that flows through the armature side and / or the magnetic salient pole where the amount of magnetic flux that flows through the armature side becomes almost zero by changing the magnetization of the control magnet is reversed. A magnetic salient pole is arranged, and a pulsed current is supplied to an armature coil wound around a magnetic tooth facing the magnetic salient pole to change the magnetization state of the control magnet in contact with the magnetic salient pole. The magnetic pole number control method is configured to change irreversibly, change the magnetization state of the control magnet, and control the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side.

  A structure in which one or more cylindrical armatures and a rotor face each other through a gap in the radial direction, a structure in which one or more substantially disk-shaped armatures and a rotor face each other in the axial direction through a gap, There is a structure in which one or more armatures and rotors have conical opposing surfaces. The present invention is applied to the rotating electrical machine system having any of the above structures. Further, the rotating electrical machine is an electric motor if the current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output, and the rotating electrical machine is a generator if the current is output from the armature coil by receiving the rotational force. An optimum magnetic pole configuration exists in an electric motor or a generator, but it is reversible, and the rotating electrical machine system and the magnetic flux amount control method defined in the above claims are applied to both the electric motor and the generator.

  According to the present invention, an AC flux barrier is disposed on permanent magnets that magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles different from each other to reduce the AC magnetic field strength applied from the armature coil to the permanent magnet, thereby reducing the low coercive force magnet. Enable use. In addition, a control magnet is provided inside the magnetic salient pole away from the surface facing the armature, and a pulsed magnetic flux is generated in the armature coil to change the magnetization state of the control magnet. This enhances the magnet torque to increase the generated torque in the low speed range, and functions as a reluctance motor by canceling out the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet and the control magnet in the high speed range. Furthermore, in the present invention, the magnetic pole configuration of the rotor changes the easiness of the flow of pulsed magnetic flux to the permanent magnet and the control magnet, and changes the magnetization state of the control magnet. Permanent magnets and control magnets can be configured by magnet materials.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 1st Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor which follow A-A 'of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. FIG. 3 shows a permanent magnet and an AC flux barrier between magnetic salient poles in a part of the enlarged cross section of FIG. 2. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 2nd Example. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along B-B ′ of the rotating electrical machine illustrated in FIG. 4. The vicinity of the magnetic salient pole is shown in a part of the enlarged cross section of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 3rd Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor which follow C-C 'of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. FIG. 9 shows the vicinity of the magnetic salient pole in a part of the enlarged cross section of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 4th Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor which follow D-D 'of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. (A) is a part of the enlarged cross section of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the normal field, and (b) is a part of the enlarged cross section of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the weak field. Indicates. The flow of the magnetic flux added from an armature coil at the time of the magnetization change of a control magnet in a part of the expanded cross section of an armature and a rotor is shown. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure and various magnetization states of a control magnet. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by the 5th Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor which follow E-E 'of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor which follow F-F 'of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. FIG. 16 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine shown in FIG. 15, and shows the flow of field-weakening magnetic flux. (A) is a part of the enlarged cross section of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the normal field, and (b) is a part of the enlarged cross section of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the weak field. Indicates. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor and armature and the flow of magnetic flux changing the magnetization of the control magnet. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor and armature and the flow of magnetic flux changing the magnetization of the control magnet. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor and armature and the flow of magnetic flux changing the magnetization of the control magnet. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine by a 6th Example. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of a control magnet. The cross section of a rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in a normal field are shown. The cross-sectional view of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the field weakening are shown. Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux at a reduced number of poles. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 7th Example.

  In the following, a rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, with regard to embodiments, principles and actions.

  A first embodiment of a rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The first embodiment is a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine that can employ magnets other than rare earth magnets. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a radial gap structure. A rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a housing 12 via a bearing 13. The armature has a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic teeth 14, and an armature coil 16. The rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 17 and a rotor support 18 and rotates together with the rotating shaft 11. Reference numeral 19 is a heat radiating plate disposed at both ends of the rotor, which is made of aluminum having good heat conduction, and is connected to the nonmagnetic conductor layer in the surface magnetic pole portion 17 through an insulator having good heat conductivity to radiate heat. Making it easy.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along A-A ′ in FIG. 1, and some components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship. In the surface magnetic pole part 17, two AC flux barriers 24 and a permanent magnet 23 are embedded in a uniform magnetic body substantially periodically in the circumferential direction to form a magnetic salient pole, and the adjacent magnetic salient pole is a magnetic substance. They are identified as salient poles 21 and magnetic salient poles 22. In the permanent magnet 23, the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 23 adjacent in the circumferential direction are set to be opposite to each other so that the adjacent magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 are magnetized in different polarities. The arrow attached to the permanent magnet 23 indicates the magnetization direction. The configuration and function of the AC flux barrier 24 (hereinafter abbreviated as AFB 24) will be described with reference to FIG. The magnetic salient pole 21 and the magnetic salient pole 22 are formed by punching and laminating a silicon steel plate with a predetermined type as a structure connected by a narrow saturable magnetic part, and permanently in a slot provided in the silicon steel plate. The block portions of the magnet 23 and the AFB 24 are inserted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 14 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction, and magnetic The armature coil 16 is wound around the body teeth 14. In this embodiment, twelve armature coils are arranged for the eight poles of the rotor and are connected in three phases.

  The purpose of disposing the AFB 24 of this embodiment near the permanent magnet 23 is to reduce the strength of the magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet 23 from the armature coil 16 while allowing the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23 to pass through without any trouble. In the rotor, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows in a DC manner, and the magnetic flux from the armature coil is pulsed and contains a lot of AC components. The AFB 24 uses the characteristics of these magnetic fluxes to reduce the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic flux while allowing the direct magnetic flux to pass therethrough. By reducing the magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnet 23 from the armature coil, it is possible to employ a magnet other than the rare earth having a small coercive force at the position where the rare earth magnet has been conventionally used. Alternatively, a rare-earth magnet thinner than that of the conventional structure can be used to enable a rare-earth magnet. Further, the AFB 24 increases the reluctance torque by increasing the alternating magnetic resistance change along the rotor surface.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of a cross-sectional view of the rotor in the vicinity of the magnetic salient poles to explain the configuration and operating principle of the AFB 24. The permanent magnet 23 has a radial magnetization, and an AFB 24 is disposed in the vicinity of each magnetic pole surface. The AFB 24 is formed by alternately laminating five non-magnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and magnetic layers 37, 38, 39, 3a, 3b. The magnetic layer 37 is in contact with the nonmagnetic conductor layer 35 on the magnetic salient pole side. Reference numeral 36 denotes a through-hole provided in the nonmagnetic conductor layer 31, and a dust core is disposed therein.

  Non-magnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, which are thin copper plates having a thickness of 0.2 millimeters, and magnetic layers 38, 39, 3a, 3b, which are dust cores having a thickness of 1 millimeter. Are integrally formed in a block shape and inserted into a slot provided in the silicon steel plate. The magnetic layer 37 is a part of a silicon steel plate. Reference numeral 3 c denotes a nonmagnetic material disposed at the end of the permanent magnet 23. Although not shown, the surfaces of the nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are covered with a thin ceramic layer as an insulator layer having good thermal conductivity, and the heat sink 19 and the nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33 are covered. , 34, and 35 are connected to each other through an insulator having good thermal conductivity, for example, ceramic. The nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are also electrically insulated from each other. These insulator layers and insulators are arranged so as not to form a closed current circuit between the silicon steel plate constituting the magnetic salient pole and the nonmagnetic conductor layer.

  The nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are magnetically equivalent to air gaps and have a slight resistance when passing magnetic flux, but are made of a copper plate having a thickness of about 0.2 millimeters. Therefore, the magnetic resistance is small, and the nonmagnetic conductor layer 31 has a plurality of through holes in which the dust cores are arranged, so that the magnetic resistance against the DC magnetic flux is small, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23 is easy. The nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 flow along the magnetic layers 37, 38, 39, 3 a, and 3 b having a small magnetic resistance. Furthermore, since the ABF 24 is approximately the same length as the permanent magnet 23, there can be a magnetic flux that passes through the outside of the ABF 24 and reaches the magnetic salient pole. Therefore, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23 easily flows through the magnetic salient pole and the armature, and an excessive demagnetizing field does not act on the permanent magnet 23.

  In the absence of the rotor, the AC magnetic flux from the armature tends to flow in an arc shape so as to bridge the adjacent magnetic teeth 14. Since the ABF 24 is embedded between the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 in the vicinity of the rotor surface, the nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 in the ABF 24 have a direction that hinders the time change of the AC magnetic flux. An eddy current is induced, and the alternating magnetic flux flows around each non-magnetic conductor layer 31, 32, 33, 34, 35. Therefore, the direction in which the alternating magnetic flux from the armature flows is changed by the eddy current induced in each of the nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35. A part of the AC magnetic flux whose direction has been changed flows beyond the nonmagnetic conductor layer, and a part thereof is guided to the outside of the rotor along the magnetic layers 37, 38, 39, 3 a, 3 b and reaches the permanent magnet 23. The amount of magnetic flux that reaches and passes is reduced. The ABF 24 increases the magnetic resistance against the alternating magnetic flux along the rotor surface and increases the magnetic flux along the rotor surface as a whole, so that the reluctance torque for attracting the rotor in the circumferential direction is increased.

  In order to prevent the flow of AC magnetic flux, the same effect can be obtained by arranging the conductor block at the position of the ABF 24. In this case, the conductor block having a large thickness makes the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23 difficult to flow and becomes permanent. An excessive self-demagnetizing field acts on the magnet. According to this embodiment, the strength of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil 16 to the permanent magnet 23 can be suppressed without hindering the flow of DC magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23. A material or a rare earth magnet material having a relatively small thickness can be used.

  The above is a simple model explanation. Actually, the magnetic flux acting on the nonmagnetic conductor layers 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 has a density distribution and the flow of the magnetic flux is not simple, but the gist of the present invention can be fully understood. The magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the ABF 24 and the permanent magnet 23 includes the shape, thickness, conductivity, permeability, number of layers, and frequency of the magnetic field generated by the armature coil 16 of each nonmagnetic conductor layer and each magnetic layer constituting the ABF 24. Depending on various parameters such as components, the parameters are set according to the specifications of the rotating electrical machine.

  In this embodiment, the magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnet 23 by the eddy current induced in the nonmagnetic conductor layer in the AFB 24 is suppressed. In the medium and high speed range, the magnetic field applied by the armature coil 16 to drive the rotor is inevitably a pulsed or alternating magnetic field and can easily satisfy the above conditions. However, at the time of start-up and at a low speed, a sufficiently large eddy current cannot be induced in the nonmagnetic conductor layer in the AFB 24, and an excessive magnetic field strength may be applied to the permanent magnet 23. If there is such a concern, it can be solved by applying a continuous pulse current at a predetermined time interval to the armature coil 16 as a drive current at startup and at low speed. Since the inductance of the armature coil 16 is reduced by the nonmagnetic conductor layer in the AFB 24, a pulsed current at a short time interval can easily flow.

  In a conventional rotating electric machine, it is desirable to dispose a neodymium magnet (NdFeB) that does not easily cause irreversible demagnetization on the surface of the rotor facing the armature. The magnetic field strength applied from the armature coil to the permanent magnet 23 during driving is reduced. In a neodymium magnet (NdFeB), the magnetic field strength required for irreversible magnetization change is about 2400 kA / m (kiloampere / meter), and in an alnico magnet (AlNiCo), the magnetic field strength required for irreversible magnetization change is 240 kA / m. Degree. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 23 is composed of an alnico magnet.

  The configuration of the first embodiment is described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and the permanent magnet 23 is controlled while suppressing the strength of the AC magnetic field applied from the armature coil 16 to the permanent magnet 23 using the AC flux barrier (AFB). Thus, the rotating electrical machine apparatus that can secure the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 has been described focusing on the principle of operation of the AFB. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in the present embodiment operates as an electric motor or a generator, but is the same as a conventional rotating electrical apparatus except for a magnetic pole configuration including a novel AFB, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or a generator is omitted. .

  In the present embodiment, the amount of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is constant, but the phase of the drive current can be advanced to make the field weaker as in the conventional rotating electrical machine apparatus. That is, a current corresponding to the position of the magnetic salient pole and the armature coil 16 is supplied to the armature coil 16 to generate a back electromotive force by self-inductance, thereby suppressing a total induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 16. Thus, rotational driving force can be obtained even in a high-speed rotation range. This is the same as the field-weakening control by supplying a negative d-axis (radial direction in the magnetic salient pole) current as in the conventional rotating electrical machine, and physically weakening the magnetization of the permanent magnet 23. Although not, the result of reducing the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 16 is the same. As described above, the rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in the present embodiment can be used as an electric motor or generator capable of field weakening in the same manner as a conventional rotating electrical machine apparatus.

  A second embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The second embodiment is a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine system that can employ magnets other than rare earth magnets. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure. The magnetic pole structure of the rotor is different from that of the first embodiment, and the explanation will be focused on different points. Reference numeral 41 denotes a surface magnetic pole portion of the rotor.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along B-B ′ in FIG. 4, and some components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship. In the surface magnetic pole part 41, magnetic salient poles magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate by a member including at least a permanent magnet are arranged in the vicinity of the surface of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction. . That is, the magnetic salient pole is an island-shaped magnetic pole disposed in the uniform magnetic substrate 59, and allows reluctance torque by allowing the armature coil to pass through the magnetic path between the magnetic salient poles. Can be generated.

  The adjacent magnetic salient poles are identified as magnetic salient pole 51 and magnetic salient pole 52, and permanent magnets 54 and 55 in contact with magnetic salient pole 51 and permanent magnets 56 and 57 in contact with magnetic salient pole 52 are adjacent. The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, 57 are set so that the magnetic salient poles 51, 52 are magnetized in different polarities. Arrows attached to the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, 57 indicate the magnetization direction. An intermediate magnetic salient pole 53 between the magnetic salient poles 51 and 52 is a part of the magnetic substrate 59. Copper plates 58 are arranged in the vicinity of the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, and 57, respectively, and a specific structure thereof will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 6 further shows an enlarged cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the magnetic salient pole 51, and the configuration of the magnetic salient pole 51 will be described. As shown in the figure, the magnetic salient pole 51 is magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate 59 by permanent magnets 54 and 55, and a copper plate 58 having a thickness of 1 mm disposed on each permanent magnet via a magnetic layer 61. It is configured to be divided into The copper plate 58 is provided with a through hole 62 having a diameter of 1 mm, and a dust core is disposed inside. The through-hole 62 may be a bottomed hole with a small bottom thickness, and in this case, the powder core can be prevented from falling off during assembly. The copper plate 58 and the magnetic layer 61 constitute an AC flux barrier (AFB) in this embodiment. Reference numerals 63 and 64 denote non-magnetic parts disposed at the ends of the permanent magnets 54 and 55, respectively, and the permanent magnets 54 and 55 are disposed so as not to be magnetically short-circuited. The magnetic substrate 59 is made of a silicon steel plate, and the silicon steel plate is punched and laminated with a predetermined mold, and permanent magnets 54 and 55 and a copper plate 58 are inserted into slots provided in the silicon steel plate.

  That is, the magnetic salient pole 51 is magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate 59 by the permanent magnets 54 and 55 and the copper plate 58 which is a nonmagnetic conductor, and the AC magnetic flux generated by the armature coil passes through the AFB including the copper plate 58. It is structured to be difficult. The magnetic salient pole 52 has the same configuration as that of the magnetic salient pole 51. The magnetic salient pole 51 is magnetized to the N pole by the permanent magnets 54 and 55 arranged in the vicinity, and the magnetic salient pole 52 is arranged in the vicinity. The permanent magnets 56 and 57 are different in that they are magnetized to the south pole.

  The magnetic layer 61 is a part of the magnetic substrate 59, and the copper plate 58 and the magnetic layer 61 correspond to the AC flux barrier in the first embodiment, although the number and shape of the layers are different. Since the saturation magnetic flux density of the dust core is about twice the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets 54 and 55, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the through holes 62 provided in the copper plate 58 is set to about half the area of the copper plate 58. The AC magnetic flux applied from the armature coil 16 is blocked by the eddy current induced in the copper plate 58 and flows so as to go around the copper plate 58. Further, the thickness of the magnetic layer 61 is set to about 1 mm, and is set to such an extent that the magnetic layer 61 is almost magnetically saturated by the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 54 or 55, and the AC magnetic flux flowing around the copper plate 58 is applied to the magnetic layer 61. The permanent magnets 54 and 55 are configured to hardly flow through 61. In the AC flux barrier according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the copper plate 58 is sufficiently increased to 1 mm to sufficiently suppress the intensity of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil 16, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet is a magnetic salient pole, magnetic It is configured to flow to the armature side through the body layer 61 and the through hole 62 without hindrance.

  In this embodiment, the eddy current induced in the copper plate 58 effectively increases the AC magnetic resistance along the circumferential direction of the rotor surface to increase the reluctance torque, and the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, 57. Enables the use of magnet torque. Since the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, and 57 suppress the flow of AC magnetic flux by the AFB including the copper plate 58, the influence of the magnetic flux from the armature coil 16 on the magnetization of the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, and 57 is suppressed. The Therefore, permanent magnet materials other than rare earth magnets having a relatively low coercive force can be used for the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, and 57. Furthermore, the magnetic salient poles 51 and 52 are island-like salient poles magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate 59, and an intermediate magnetic salient pole 53 is disposed between the magnetic salient poles 51 and 52. The magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 can flow through the intermediate magnetic salient pole 53. That is, in the present embodiment, the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16 flows through the intermediate magnetic body 53 and the magnetic substrate 59 inside the rotor, and reluctance torque can be generated.

  As described above, the configuration of the second embodiment is shown with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, and the strength of the AC magnetic field applied to the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, and 57 from the armature coil 16 using the AC flux barrier (AFB). The rotating electrical machine apparatus that can secure the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 from the permanent magnets 54, 55, 56, 57 while suppressing the above has been described. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in the present embodiment operates as an electric motor or a generator, but is the same as a conventional rotating electrical apparatus except for a novel rotor configuration, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or a generator is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the diameter of the through hole 62 provided in the copper plate 58 is set to about 1 millimeter, but the setting of the diameter of the through hole 62 is flexible. However, if the diameter of the through hole 62 is set too large, the AC magnetic flux may ooze out through the through hole 62. In consideration of the oozing out of the alternating magnetic flux, the diameter of the through hole 62 is made smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of the copper plate 58 and the magnetic layer 61 and made smaller than the wavelength of the alternating magnetic flux. In this embodiment, the AC flux barrier is arranged on the opposite side of the magnetic salient pole with respect to the permanent magnet. However, the AC flux barrier can be arranged on the magnetic salient pole side, and is arranged so as to be in contact with the two magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnet. It is also possible to do.

  The AC flux barrier (AFB) used in this embodiment is a kind of low-pass filter that allows low-frequency magnetic flux to pass and makes high-frequency magnetic flux difficult to pass. The most suitable configuration for this purpose is to place a conductive magnetic block, such as a soft iron block, at the position of the copper plate 58. However, although the conductive magnetic block has excellent high frequency magnetic flux cutoff characteristics, it has a large electrical resistance and excessive heat generation due to eddy current loss. Furthermore, the high frequency magnetic flux cutoff characteristics are steep, and it is not easy to control the AC magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, the AFB is configured by adopting the copper plate 58 for the above reason, but the AFB can also be configured by adopting a conductive magnetic material having excellent conductivity and uniform magnetic permeability.

  A third embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The third embodiment is a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine system that can employ magnets other than rare earth magnets. FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure. The magnetic pole structure of the rotor is different from that of the first embodiment, and the explanation will be focused on different points. Reference numeral 71 denotes a surface magnetic pole portion of the rotor, reference numeral 72 denotes a permanent magnet, and reference numeral 73 denotes a copper plate. The arrow attached to the permanent magnet 72 indicates the magnetization direction.

  FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line C-C ′ in FIG. 7, and some of the components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship. The surface magnetic pole part 71 is comprised with the magnetic body which has a convex part and a recessed part on the surface alternately by the circumferential direction. Adjacent convex portions are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction as the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82. Number 83 indicates a recess. On the side away from the armature of the magnetic salient pole 81, a copper plate 73 and a permanent magnet 72 are disposed so as to sandwich the magnetic layer 84 therebetween, and the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 are magnetized in different directions. Yes. The copper plate 73 and the magnetic layer 84 constitute an AC flux barrier, and the magnetic layer 84 is formed of a dust core, and the copper plate 73, the magnetic layer 84, and the permanent magnet 72 are configured as an integral block. The magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 are formed by punching and laminating a silicon steel plate with a predetermined mold as a structure connected by a narrow saturable magnetic part, and a copper plate 73 and a magnetic body are formed in a slot provided in the silicon steel plate. A block of layer 84 and permanent magnet 72 is inserted. The arrow in the permanent magnet 72 indicates the magnetization direction. In the recess 83, the magnetic resistance on the surface of the rotor is large, and the reluctance torque is increased. The armature is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  FIG. 9 further shows an enlarged cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the magnetic salient pole 81 to explain the configuration of the AC flux barrier. In the present embodiment, the copper plate 73 and the magnetic layer 84 constitute an AC flux barrier (AFB). The copper plate 73 has a thickness of 1 millimeter, a through hole 91 having a diameter of 1 millimeter is provided, and a dust core is disposed inside the through hole 91. Since the saturation magnetic flux density of the dust core is about twice the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 72, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the through holes 91 provided in the copper plate 73 is set to about half of the area of the copper plate 73. . The AC magnetic flux applied from the armature coil 16 flows around the copper plate 73 by the eddy current induced in the copper plate 73. Further, the thickness of the magnetic layer 84 is set to about 1 millimeter so that the magnetic layer 84 is almost magnetically saturated by the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 72, and the alternating magnetic flux flowing around the copper plate 73 flows through the permanent magnet 72. It is structured to be difficult. In the AC flux barrier according to this embodiment, the thickness of the copper plate 73 is sufficiently large as 1 millimeter to sufficiently suppress the strength of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil 16, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 72 is reduced to the magnetic layer 84, It is configured to flow to the armature side through the through hole 91 and the magnetic salient pole 81 without any trouble. Reference numeral 92 denotes a nonmagnetic material disposed at the end of the permanent magnet 72.

  In this embodiment, the recess 83 between the magnetic salient poles increases the magnetic resistance along the circumferential direction of the rotor surface to increase the reluctance torque, and the permanent magnet 72 enables the use of the magnet torque. Since the permanent magnet 72 is disposed in each of the extensions of the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82, the AC magnetic field strength is suppressed by the AC flux barrier that is far from the armature coil 16 and further disposed on the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet 72. Therefore, the influence of the magnetic flux from the armature coil 16 on the magnetization of the permanent magnet 72 is suppressed. Therefore, a permanent magnet material other than the rare earth magnet having a relatively low coercive force can be used for the permanent magnet 72.

  As described above, the configuration of the third embodiment is shown with reference to FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, and the permanent magnet is suppressed while suppressing the strength of the AC magnetic field applied from the armature coil 16 to the permanent magnet 72 using the AC flux barrier (AFB). The rotating electrical machine apparatus that can secure the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 from 72 has been described. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in the present embodiment operates as an electric motor or a generator, but is the same as a conventional rotating electrical apparatus except for a novel rotor configuration, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or a generator is omitted.

  A fourth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The fourth embodiment is a magnet-excited rotating electrical machine system capable of controlling the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil. The rotating electrical machines of the first to third embodiments can be understood as a reluctance motor having a segment structure in which a permanent magnet is embedded in order to enhance low-speed torque. However, when the rotational speed increases, the back electromotive force increases due to the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet, which limits high-speed rotation. In this embodiment, a control magnet is further provided. By changing the magnetization of the control magnet, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil is reduced in the high-speed rotation region, and the high-speed rotation limit is expanded. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure. The magnetic pole structure of the rotor is different from that of the second embodiment, and the description will be focused on different points. Reference numeral 101 denotes a surface magnetic pole portion of the rotor, and reference numeral 102 denotes a control magnet.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line D-D ′ in FIG. 10, and some of the components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship. The surface magnetic pole portion 101 is configured such that magnetic salient poles magnetically separated from surrounding magnetic materials by a member including at least a permanent magnet are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction near the surface of the rotor. That is, the magnetic salient pole is an island-shaped magnetic pole arranged in the uniform magnetic substrate 11b, and the reluctance torque is obtained by passing the magnetic flux generated from the armature coil through the magnetic path between the magnetic salient poles. Can be generated.

  Adjacent magnetic salient poles are identified as magnetic salient pole 111 and magnetic salient pole 112, and permanent magnets 114 and 115 in contact with magnetic salient pole 111 and permanent magnets 116 and 117 in contact with magnetic salient pole 112 are adjacent. The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117 are set so that the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112 are magnetized to have different polarities. The intermediate magnetic salient pole 113 between the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112 is a part of the magnetic substrate 11b. Copper plates 118 are disposed in the vicinity of the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117, respectively, and a control magnet 119 that is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 111 and a control magnet 11 a that is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 112 are disposed. The arrows attached to the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, 117 and the control magnets 119, 11a indicate the magnetization direction. A more detailed structure of the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112 will be described with reference to FIG.

  12 (a) and 12 (b) are enlarged sectional views in the vicinity of the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112, and explain the configuration of the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112 and the flow of magnetic flux in the field-weakening field. To do. As shown in the figure, the magnetic salient pole 111 is composed of permanent magnets 114 and 115, a copper plate 118 having a thickness of 1 millimeter disposed on the permanent magnets 114 and 115 with a magnetic layer 121 interposed therebetween, and a control magnet 119. It is configured to be magnetically separated from the substrate 11b. The copper plate 118 is provided with a through-hole 122 having a diameter of 1 millimeter, and a dust core is disposed inside. The copper plate 118 and the magnetic layer 121 constitute an AC flux barrier (AFB) in this embodiment. The magnetic salient pole 112 is similarly configured. The magnetic substrate 11b is made of a silicon steel plate, and the silicon steel plate is punched and laminated in a predetermined mold, and permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, 117, control magnets 119, 11a, and a copper plate 118 are inserted into slots provided in the silicon steel plate. Configured. The arrows in the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, 117 and the control magnets 119, 11a indicate the respective magnetization directions.

  The magnetic layer 121 is a part of the magnetic substrate 11b, and the copper plate 118 and the magnetic layer 121 are the same as the AC flux barrier in the second embodiment. Since the saturation magnetic flux density of the dust core is about twice the residual magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets 114 and 115, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the through holes 122 provided in the copper plate 118 is set to about half of the area of the copper plate 118. The AC magnetic flux applied from the armature coil 16 is blocked by the eddy current induced in the copper plate 118 and flows around the copper plate 118. Further, the thickness of the magnetic material layer 121 is set to about 1 millimeter so that the magnetic material layer 121 is almost magnetically saturated by the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 114 or 115, and the AC magnetic flux flowing around the copper plate 118 is applied to the permanent magnet 114. , 115 is difficult to flow. In the AC flux barrier according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the copper plate 118 is sufficiently large as 1 millimeter to sufficiently suppress the intensity of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil 16, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet passes through the magnetic salient pole. It is configured to flow to the armature side without hindrance.

  FIG. 12A shows a normal field state, and FIG. 12B shows a weak field state. In FIG. 12A, the dotted line 123 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117, and the dotted line 124 represents the magnetic flux from the control magnets 119 and 11a. As shown in the figure, the permanent magnets 114 and 115 and the control magnet 119 magnetize the magnetic salient pole 111 to the N pole, and the permanent magnets 116 and 117 and the control magnet 11a make the magnetic salient pole 112 the S pole. When magnetized, the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is increased. When the magnetization direction of the control magnet 119 is the outer diameter direction, the case where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 11a is the inner diameter direction corresponds to the normal field.

  FIG. 12B shows a state in which the magnetization directions of the control magnets 119 and 11a are reversed from the state shown in FIG. The control magnet 119 and the permanent magnets 114 and 115 constitute a closed magnetic circuit, and the control magnet 11a and the permanent magnets 116 and 117 constitute a closed magnetic circuit so that the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced. Reference numeral 125 shows the magnetic flux constituting the closed magnetic path as a representative, and the case of FIG. 12B corresponds to the field weakening state. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic pole area, etc. of the control magnets 119 and 11a and the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117. When the magnetization direction of the control magnet 119 is the inner diameter direction as shown in FIG. 12B, the case where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 11a is the outer diameter direction corresponds to the field weakening.

  FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 11. Using this figure, the flow of exciting magnetic flux applied from the armature coil when the magnetization of the control magnet is changed is shown. explain. In the figure, in order to identify the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient poles 111 and 112 and the armature coil wound around the magnetic teeth, numbers 131, 132 and 133 are assigned to the magnetic teeth. The coils are numbered 134, 135, 136. As shown in FIG. 11, in this embodiment, twelve armature coils are arranged for the eight poles of the rotor and connected in three phases. The armature coils 134, 135, and 136 correspond to U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils, respectively, and are numbered to identify the armature coil 16 for each phase.

  FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of a part of a longitudinal section of a control magnet 119 in which magnet elements 141 and 142 having different thicknesses in the magnetization direction are repeatedly arranged in the axial direction. And the normal field-weakening state. Reference numeral 143 denotes a dust core, and reference numeral 144 denotes a non-magnetic material arranged to reduce the magnetic coupling between the magnet elements 141 and 142. The magnet element 141 is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 111, and the magnet element 142 is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 111 through the dust core 143. Since the dust core 143 has a large specific resistance, a pulsed magnetic flux can easily pass therethrough.

  When a magnetic field is applied between the magnetic salient pole 111 and the intermediate magnetic salient pole 113 by the armature coil 16, the magnetic potential difference between the magnetic salient pole 111 sandwiching the magnet elements 141 and 142 and the magnetic substrate 11b ( In the magnet elements 141 and 142, the magnetic field strength corresponding to the value obtained by dividing the magnetic potential difference by the length is added, and the magnetization of the magnet element whose magnetic field strength exceeds the coercive force is changed. The Therefore, the magnet element 142 having a small thickness is easily magnetized, and the magnet element 141 having a large thickness is hardly magnetized. When the magnetization state of the magnet elements 141 and 142 is changed, a pulsed current is supplied to the armature coil 16, and the induced pulsed magnetic flux hardly passes through the AC flux barrier including the copper plate 118, and the permanent magnets 114 and 115. The magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnet 114 is weak, and the magnetization state of the permanent magnets 114 and 115 is not changed.

  The magnetic pole areas of the magnet elements 141 and 142 are set equal, and the product of the sum of the magnetic pole areas of the permanent magnets 114 and 115 and the residual magnetic flux density is equal to the product of the sum of the magnetic pole areas of the magnet elements 141 and 142 and the residual magnetic flux density. Is set. In FIG. 14A, the magnetization direction of the magnet elements 141 and 142 is the upward direction (outer diameter direction), and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 is maximized. Based on this state, the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 is set to 1.0. 14B and 14D, the magnetization directions of the magnet elements 141 and 142 are opposite to each other, and the magnet elements 141 and 142 constitute a closed magnetic circuit. Therefore, the magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 16 is a permanent magnet. Only the magnetic flux due to 114 and 115 corresponds to 0.5. In FIG. 14C, the magnetization direction of the magnet elements 141 and 142 is the downward direction (inner diameter direction), and the permanent magnets 114 and 115 and the magnet elements 141 and 142 constitute a closed magnetic path. The minimum amount of magnetic flux is 0.0.

  In order to change the magnetization state of the magnet elements 141 and 142 to the field-weakening direction, the armature coil 134 causes the pulsed magnetic fluxes 137 and 138 flowing in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the control magnet 119 to flow through the magnetic salient pole 111. And pulsed currents in opposite directions are supplied to the armature coils 135 and 136. The pulsed magnetic flux 137 is difficult to flow due to induction of eddy current in the copper plate 118, and is concentrated on the control magnet 119 (magnet elements 141, 142) to change the magnetization state. Although the pulsed magnetic flux 138 flows through the control magnet 119 and the adjacent control magnet 11a, the magnetic path is long and the control magnet 119 and the control magnet 11a are included in series, so that the amount of magnetic flux is small, and the magnetization of the control magnet 11a is reduced. It does not lead to change.

  In order to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing toward the armature from the state of FIG. 14A, the armature coil 134, A pulsed magnetic flux 137 is generated by setting a pulsed current to be supplied to 135 and 136. The result is FIG. 14B, in which the magnetic fluxes from the magnet elements 141 and 142 cancel each other, and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil via the magnetic salient poles 141 and 142 is 0.5.

  Further, in order to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side from the state of FIG. 14B, the armature coils 134, 135, and 136 are supplied so as to reverse the magnetization direction of the magnet element 141 having the second smallest magnetization direction thickness. A pulsed magnetic flux 137 is generated by setting a pulsed current. The result is shown in FIG. 14C, and the magnetic flux supplied from the magnet elements 141 and 142 cancels out the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 114 and 115, so that the armature coil is linked with the magnetic salient poles 141 and 142. The amount of magnetic flux to be generated is approximately 0.0.

  In order to change the magnetization state of the magnet elements 141 and 142 to the strong magnetic field direction, the armature coil 134 causes the pulsed magnetic fluxes 137 and 138 flowing in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the control magnet 119 to flow through the magnetic salient pole 111. And pulsed currents in opposite directions are supplied to the armature coils 135 and 136. The pulsed magnetic flux 137 is difficult to flow due to induction of eddy current in the copper plate 118, and is concentrated on the control magnet 119 (magnet elements 141, 142) to change the magnetization state. Although the pulsed magnetic flux 138 flows through the control magnet 119 and the adjacent control magnet 11a, the amount of magnetic flux is small and the magnetization of the control magnet 11a does not change.

  When the amount of magnetic flux linkage with the armature coil is the smallest, the magnetization state of the magnet elements 141 and 142 is as shown in FIG. 14C, and the armature coil and the chain are connected via the magnetic salient poles 141 and 142. The amount of magnetic flux that intersects is approximately 0.0. In order to increase the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil from this state, it is necessary to increase the upward magnetization in the magnet elements 141 and 142. The magnetizing direction of the magnet element 142 is reversed by reversing the magnetizing direction of the magnet element 142 having the smallest magnetization direction thickness and supplying a pulsed current having a magnitude that does not affect the magnetizing direction of the magnet element 141 to the magnets 134, 135, and 136. And This state is shown in FIG. 14D, and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil via the magnetic salient poles 141 and 142 is 0.5.

  Further, in order to increase the amount of magnetic flux linkage with the armature coil, a pulsed current having a magnitude that changes the magnetization direction of the magnet element 141 having the second smallest magnetization direction thickness upward is supplied to the armature coils 134, 135, 136. Thus, the magnetization direction of the magnet element 141 is set to the upward direction. FIG. 14A shows this state, and the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil via the magnetic salient poles 141 and 142 is 1.0.

  The above process is an explanation for changing the magnetization state of the control magnet 119, and the magnetization state of the control magnet 11a is not changed. The magnetization change of the control magnet 11a is changed by the same step as the magnetization change of the control magnet 119 when the magnetic salient pole 112 and the magnetic tooth 131 are opposed to the magnetization change of the control magnet 119.

  In this example, magnet elements having different thicknesses in the magnetization direction are arranged in the axial direction, so that the control magnet is configured. Therefore, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil is different in the axial direction, and the back electromotive force and output torque are also different in the axial direction. Become. However, the magnetic flux from each magnet element tends to be dispersed and averaged in the axial direction, and even if the fluctuation of the flux linkage remains in the axial direction and the back electromotive force fluctuates in the axial direction, Is averaged. Although the output torque fluctuates in the axial direction and may cause vibration, it can be resolved by reducing the arrangement period of each magnet element.

  In this embodiment, the magnet elements having different magnetization direction thicknesses are arranged in the axial direction and connected in parallel to configure the control magnet. However, the configuration in which the magnetization direction length of the control magnet continuously changes and the magnetization direction length is constant A structure in which magnet elements having different magnetic forces are connected in parallel is also possible, and the structure becomes simple. Further, it is of course possible to arrange the magnet elements in the circumferential direction in a range in contact with the magnetic salient pole instead of arranging them in the axial direction.

  In the present embodiment, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil is controlled by irreversibly changing the magnetization state of the magnet elements 141 and 142. In a conventional rotating electric machine, it is desirable to dispose a neodymium magnet (NdFeB) that does not easily cause irreversible demagnetization on the surface of the rotor facing the armature. Since the magnetic flux induced by the armature coil does not easily reach the elements 141 and 142, a magnet material that can be easily changed in magnetization can be used. In the neodymium magnet (NdFeB), the magnetic field strength necessary for magnetization is about 2400 kA / m (kiloampere / meter), and the magnetic field strength necessary for magnetization of the alnico magnet (AlNiCo) is about 240 kA / m. In this embodiment, the magnet elements 141 and 142 are composed of alnico magnets. The AC magnetic flux flowing through the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117 is suppressed by the AC flux barrier including the copper plate 118, and the magnetic layer 121 exists between the copper plate 118 and the permanent magnets 114, 115, 116, and 117. Thus, the self-demagnetizing field is suppressed.

  The current supplied to the armature coil when the rotor is rotated and the magnetization of the control magnet is changed is controlled according to the positional relationship between the magnetic salient pole of the rotor and the armature coil. A configuration is possible in which the coercive force and the magnetization direction thickness of the control magnet are set to be large so that the magnetization state of the control magnet is more stably maintained when the rotor is driven to rotate. In that case, a voltage higher than the power supply voltage is charged in the capacitor prior to the change in magnetization of the control magnet, and the selected armature coil is discharged to supply a large amplitude pulsed current.

  In this way, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is controlled by changing the current supplied to the armature coil 16 according to the position of the rotor and changing the magnetization direction of the magnet elements in the control magnet. The relationship between the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature and the current is set as map data at the design stage. However, at the stage of mass production of rotating electrical machines, there are variations in member dimensions and magnetic characteristics, which may make it difficult to precisely control the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature. In such a case, after assembling the rotating electrical machine, the relationship is checked for each rotating electrical machine and the map data is corrected.

  Furthermore, when magnetic materials are easily affected by temperature and there are concerns about the effects of changes over time, the relationship between the current for magnetization change and the resulting magnetized state of the control magnet is monitored during operation of the rotating electrical machine. Thus, information for correcting the map data can be acquired in a learning manner. Although it is difficult to directly grasp the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is estimated with reference to the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 16.

  For example, the amplitude of the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 16 is substantially proportional to the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 16 and the rotation speed. When the change in the amplitude of the induced voltage is smaller than the target value as a result of applying current to the armature coil so as to change the magnetization of the magnet element in the control magnet, the amplitude of the current under the same condition is increased. When the amount of change in the amplitude of the voltage is larger than the target value, the parameter relating to the current supplied for changing the magnetization is corrected so that the amplitude of the current under the same condition is reduced.

  The configuration of the fourth embodiment has been described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 14, and the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet for changing the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature has been described. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, but the configuration other than that related to the field control is the same as that of a conventional rotating electrical apparatus, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or generator is as follows. Omitted.

  This embodiment is a system for optimizing the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and the control as an electric motor system will be described. When the rotating electrical machine is used as an electric motor, the amount of magnetic flux is controlled to optimally control the rotational force. The magnet element in the control magnet that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole to the same polarity as the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor magnetizes the magnetic salient pole is set as the first magnetization, and the control device has a rotation speed of a predetermined value. When the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature becomes smaller and smaller, the pulse magnet current is supplied to the armature coil via the drive control circuit so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having the first magnetization in the control magnet. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is changed by changing the magnetization state. When the rotational speed is lower than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the control device pulses the armature coil via the drive control circuit so as to increase the number of magnet elements having the first magnetization in the control magnet. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by supplying a current to change the magnetization state of the control magnet.

  A constant voltage power generation system that controls the amount of magnetic flux to be within a predetermined range by controlling the amount of magnetic flux when a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described. The magnet element in the control magnet that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole to the same polarity as the permanent magnet that is arranged in the rotor magnetizes the magnetic salient pole is defined as the first magnetization, and the control device generates power at a predetermined value. When the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature becomes smaller and smaller, the pulse magnet current is supplied to the armature coil via the drive control circuit so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having the first magnetization in the control magnet. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is changed by changing the magnetization state. When the generated voltage is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, the control device pulses the armature coil via the drive control circuit so as to increase the number of magnet elements having the first magnetization in the control magnet. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased by supplying a current to change the magnetization state of the control magnet.

  A fifth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The fifth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine apparatus in which permanent magnets and control magnets are alternately arranged in the axial direction in a magnetic salient pole extension. FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a radial gap structure, and differs from the fourth embodiment in the armature configuration and the magnetic pole structure of the rotor. To do. The armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 fixed to the housing 12, magnetic teeth 154, and an armature coil 156. The rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 157, number 158 indicates a permanent magnet, number 159 indicates a control magnet, number 15a indicates a copper plate, and number 15b indicates a dust core. In the figure, permanent magnets 158 and control magnets 159 are alternately and repeatedly arranged in the axial direction, but both are uniform rod-like permanent magnets, and copper plates 15a alternately arranged in the axial direction on the outer periphery thereof. The dust core 15b effectively functions as a permanent magnet 158 and a control magnet 159. The arrows attached to the permanent magnet 158 and the control magnet 159 indicate the magnetization direction.

  FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line E-E ′ in FIG. 15, and some components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship. The surface magnetic pole portion 157 has a configuration in which magnetic salient poles and nonmagnetic materials are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the nonmagnetic material further includes a nonmagnetic material 163 and copper plates 164 and 165 arranged on both sides thereof. Adjacent magnetic salient poles are identified as numbers 161 and 162. In the inner peripheral portion of the rotor, a copper plate 15a and a permanent magnet 158 are disposed on the extensions of the magnetic salient poles 161 and 162, respectively, so that the magnetic salient poles 161 and 162 are magnetized to have different polarities. The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 158 adjacent to each other are set to be opposite to each other. The arrow attached to the permanent magnet 158 indicates the magnetization direction. FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along F-F ′ in FIG. 15. 17 and FIG. 16 show substantially the same configuration, except that in FIG. 16, the dust core 15b and the control magnet 159 are arranged at the positions where the copper plate 15a and the permanent magnet 158 are arranged. The arrow attached to the control magnet 159 indicates the magnetization direction.

  In this embodiment, the copper plates 164 and 165 and the non-magnetic member 163 are arranged between the magnetic salient poles, and the thickness of the copper plates 164 and 165 and the circumferential thickness of the non-magnetic member 163 are adjusted so that AC magnetism along the rotor surface is achieved. Resistance can be controlled. The non-magnetic material 163 is made of ceramic having excellent heat conduction and is connected to the heat radiating plate 19 to dissipate heat accompanying eddy currents induced in the copper plates 164 and 165.

  The copper plate 15 a disposed on the outer peripheral side of the permanent magnet 158 is configured to sandwich a magnetic material serving as a magnetic path between the permanent magnet 158 and the magnetic pole. Further, a through hole is provided in the copper plate 15a, and a magnetic material is disposed in the through hole 15a. That is, the magnetic material between the copper plate 15a and the copper plate 15a and the permanent magnet 158 has the same purpose as the AC flux barrier described in the third embodiment.

  16 and 17, the armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 fixed to the housing 12, and a plurality of magnetic teeth 154 extending from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 in the radial direction and having a magnetic gap in the circumferential direction. , And an armature coil 156 wound around the magnetic material teeth 154. In this embodiment, 24 armature coils are arranged for the 8 poles of the rotor and are connected in three phases.

  15 to 17, the control magnet 159 and the permanent magnet 158 arranged in the same magnetic salient pole extension have the same magnetization direction, and the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 156 is large. It is said. A field weakening is the case where the magnetization directions of the control magnet 159 and the permanent magnet 158 arranged in the same magnetic salient pole extension are opposite to each other, which is shown in FIG. FIG. 18 shows an enlarged vertical section of the rotor shown in FIG. 15, and further shows the flow of magnetic flux in the case of field weakening. When the magnetization direction of the control magnet 159 is reversed from the case of FIGS. 15, 16, and 17, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 158 and the magnetic flux from the control magnet 159 constitute a closed magnetic circuit. Reference numeral 181 represents a magnetic flux flowing in a closed magnetic circuit as a representative. In this embodiment, the total magnetic pole area of the permanent magnet 158 is set larger than the total magnetic pole area of the control magnet 159, and a slight amount of magnetic flux is linked to the armature coil. Since the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 158 and the control magnet 159 does not flow through most of the magnetic salient poles 161 and 162, the rotor is driven to rotate using reluctance torque.

  19 (a) and 19 (b) are enlarged sectional views showing a part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 16, FIG. 19 (a) shows the normal field, and FIG. b) shows the field weakening state, in which the flow of magnetic flux is explained. In these figures, reference numeral 191 denotes a magnetic layer between the permanent magnet 158 and the copper plate 15a, and reference numeral 192 denotes a through hole provided in the copper plate 15a. The through-hole 192 has a diameter of 1 mm and a dust core, and the thickness of the copper plate 15a and the magnetic layer 191 is 1 mm.

  In FIG. 19A, a dotted line 193 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 158 as a representative. In the figure, the magnetic salient poles 161 and 162 are connected to each other by a narrow magnetic body, but the narrow magnetic body is easily magnetically saturated and can be ignored magnetically. As shown in the figure, the permanent magnet 158 magnetizes the magnetic salient pole 161 to the north pole, magnetizes the magnetic salient pole 162 to the south pole, and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 159 is the same as the permanent magnet 158. The case is a state in which the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is increased.

  FIG. 19B shows the flow of magnetic flux when the magnetization direction of the control magnet 159 is opposite to that of the permanent magnet 158. As shown in FIG. 18, the control magnet 159 and the permanent magnet 158 constitute a closed magnetic path, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced. Reference numeral 194 represents the magnetic flux flowing in a closed magnetic path as a representative, and the magnetic flux 194 from the permanent magnet 158 flows in the axial direction as shown in FIG. 18 to form a closed magnetic circuit with the control magnet 159. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic pole area, etc. of the control magnet 159 and the permanent magnet 158.

  20, 21, and 22 are cross-sectional views showing an enlarged part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 16, and these figures are used to add from the armature coil when the magnetization of the control magnet 159 is changed. The flow of the generated magnetic flux will be described. In these drawings, numbers 201, 202, and 203 are assigned to the magnetic salient poles to identify the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient poles, the armature coils wound around them, and the control magnet. The child coils are assigned numbers 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 20a, 20b, and 20c, and the control magnets are given numbers 20d, 20e, and 20f, respectively.

  In FIG. 20, pulse currents in opposite directions are applied to the armature coils 204, 205, 206 facing the magnetic salient pole 201 and the armature coils 207, 208, 209 facing the magnetic salient pole 202. By supplying the pulsed magnetic flux in the direction of the magnetic salient pole 201, the control magnet 20d, the control magnet 20e, and the magnetic salient pole 202, the magnetization directions of the control magnet 20d and the control magnet 20e can be simultaneously reversed. Since the dust core 15b has a large electric resistance, the pulsed magnetic flux passes without any trouble. There is a magnetic path in which the pulsed magnetic flux flows through the copper plate 15a and the permanent magnet 158. However, since the copper plate 15a is difficult to pass the pulsed magnetic flux, the magnetic flux flowing through the permanent magnet 158 is small. However, since the control magnet 20d and the control magnet 20e are connected in series in this magnetic path, it is necessary to increase the current amplitude supplied to the armature coils 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, and 209. In the present embodiment, a method of changing the magnetization of the control magnet with a small current amplitude is employed, and the steps will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As a first step, as shown in FIG. 20, pulse currents in opposite directions are supplied to the armature coil 205 facing the magnetic salient pole 201 and the armature coil 20b facing the magnetic salient pole 203, A pulsed magnetic flux 20g flows in the direction of the magnetic salient pole 201, the control magnet 20d, the control magnet 20f, and the magnetic salient pole 203 to reverse the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20d. Since the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20f and the direction of the magnetic flux 20g are the same, most of the magnetomotive force is applied to both ends of the control magnet 20d, and the magnetization of the control magnet 20d is changed with a small current amplitude. Since the pulsed magnetic flux 20g does not easily pass through the copper plate 158, it is concentrated in the magnetic path passing through the control magnets 20d and 20f.

  When a pulsed current is supplied to the armature coils 205 and 20b to generate a pulsed magnetic flux 20g, the pulsed magnetic flux 20g is short-circuited through a magnetic tooth around which an armature coil that is not energized is wound. However, there is a possibility that a sufficient pulsed magnetic flux 20g does not flow to the control magnets 20d and 20f. In this embodiment, the armature coils that are not energized when supplying the pulsed current to the armature coils 205 and 20b are configured to be short-circuited. Shorting the armature coil during operation of the rotating electric machine has a great influence on the rotation, so that the short-circuiting of the armature coil is limited to a short time in synchronization with the supply of the pulsed current to the armature coils 205 and 20b. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 21, the second step supplies pulsed currents in opposite directions to the armature coil 205 facing the magnetic salient pole 201 and the armature coil 208 facing the magnetic salient pole 202, A pulsed magnetic flux 211 is passed in the direction of the magnetic salient pole 201, the control magnet 20d, the control magnet 20e, and the magnetic salient pole 202 to reverse the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20e. Since the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20d is the same as the direction of the magnetic flux 211, most magnetomotive force is applied to both ends of the control magnet 20e, and the magnetization of the control magnet 20e is changed with a small current amplitude.

  As shown in FIG. 22, the third step supplies pulsed currents in opposite directions to the armature coil 208 facing the magnetic salient pole 202 and the armature coil 20b facing the magnetic salient pole 203, A pulsed magnetic flux 221 flows in the direction of the magnetic salient pole 203, the control magnet 20f, the control magnet 20e, and the magnetic salient pole 202 to reverse the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20f. Since the magnetization direction of the control magnet 20e and the direction of the magnetic flux 221 are the same, most magnetomotive force is applied to both ends of the control magnet 20f, and the magnetization of the control magnet 20f is changed with a small current amplitude.

  The configuration of the fifth embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. 15 to 22 and has been described with a focus on the step of concentrating the magnetic flux on the control magnet selected for changing the magnetization of the control magnet. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, but the configuration other than that related to the field control is the same as that of a conventional rotating electrical apparatus, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or generator is as follows. Omitted.

  In this embodiment, since the permanent magnet 158 and the control magnet 159 are continuous rod-shaped magnets, the ease of magnetization indicated by the product of the coercive force and the magnetization direction thickness is the same, and the copper plate 15a disposed on the magnetic pole surface of the rod-shaped magnet. , A permanent magnet 158 that is difficult to change the magnetization by making it difficult for the pulsed magnetic flux to pass locally by the dust core 15b, and a control magnet 159 that is easy to change the magnetization. Furthermore, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the coercive force is continuously changed in the axial direction, and the conductivity of the magnetic material disposed on the magnetic pole surface of the magnet is continuously changed. I can do it.

  Further, in this embodiment, the nonmagnetic material having the copper plate on both sides is disposed between the magnetic salient poles, but a configuration in which the copper plate is disposed only on one side surface of the nonmagnetic material is also possible. That is, in FIG. 16, in the case of a rotating electrical machine device in which the rotor often rotates in one clockwise direction, it is possible to configure only the copper plate 164 or the copper plate 165 depending on the driving method of the rotating electrical machine device. .

  A sixth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The sixth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system that facilitates driving at high speed rotation by changing the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side in the rotor. The sixth embodiment has substantially the same structure as the fourth embodiment, and is configured by changing the parameters of the permanent magnet and the control magnet around the magnetic salient pole. The following description will be focused on differences from the fourth embodiment.

  The longitudinal sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the rotating electrical machine according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the armature of the rotating electric machine and the rotor in the sixth embodiment, and some of the components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship. In the rotor, magnetic salient poles magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate 11b by members including permanent magnets are arranged in the vicinity of the surface of the rotor at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

  Magnetic salient poles identified by numbers 231, 232, and 233 are repeated in the order of the magnetic salient pole 231, the magnetic salient pole 232, the magnetic salient pole 233, and the magnetic salient pole 232 in the circumferential direction near the rotor surface. Has been placed. The permanent magnets 234 and 237 in contact with the magnetic body salient pole 231, the permanent magnets 236 and 237 in contact with the magnetic body salient pole 232, and the permanent magnets 238 and 239 in contact with the magnetic body salient pole 233 make the adjacent magnetic body salient poles different from each other. Each magnetization direction is set so as to be magnetized. The intermediate magnetic salient pole 113 between the magnetic salient poles is a part of the magnetic substrate 11b. Copper plates 118 are disposed in the vicinity of the permanent magnets 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, and 239, respectively, and a control magnet 23a that is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 231; a control magnet 23b that is in contact with the magnetic salient pole 232; A control magnet 23c in contact with the pole 233 is disposed. The arrows attached to the permanent magnets 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 and the control magnets 23a, 23b, 23c indicate the magnetization directions. Since the configuration of the copper plate 118 is described in the fourth embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  The magnetic salient poles on the rotor surface shown in FIG. 23 are alternately arranged with N poles and S poles in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnets 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 and the control magnets 23a, 23b, 23c magnetize the magnetic salient pole 231 and the magnetic salient pole 233 to the N pole, and the magnetic salient pole 232 to the S pole. Has been. In this embodiment, the magnetization states of the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c are changed so that the magnetization state of the magnetic salient pole 232 is almost zero, and the magnetic salient pole 233 is magnetized to the S pole. The number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions is changed. The step of changing the magnetization state of the control magnet is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, but the area ratio of the permanent magnet contacting the magnetic salient pole and the magnetic pole surface of the control magnet is different from that of the fourth embodiment. The configuration of 23b and 23c and the relationship with the permanent magnet will be described with reference to FIG.

  24A shows a control magnet 23a in contact with the magnetic salient pole 231, FIG. 24B shows a control magnet 23b in contact with the magnetic salient pole 232, and FIG. 24C shows a control magnet 23c in contact with the magnetic salient pole 233. A vertical section of each section is shown, and the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c are repeatedly arranged in the axial direction. In FIG. 24A, number 247 indicates a non-magnetic material, number 241 indicates a second magnet element, and number 246 indicates a dust core. In FIG. 24B, number 248 indicates a non-magnetic material, number 242 indicates a first magnet element, and number 243 indicates a second magnet element. In FIG. 24C, number 249 indicates a non-magnetic material, number 244 indicates a first magnet element, and number 245 indicates a second magnet element.

  The first magnet element and the second magnet element shown in FIGS. 24A, 24B, and 24C are composed of alnico magnets, and the thickness of the second magnet element is set smaller than the thickness of the first magnet element. Therefore, the second magnet element is more easily changed in magnetization than the first magnet element. The amount of magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet element and the second magnet element to the armature side through the magnetic salient pole is proportional to the length in the axial direction. The relationship between the amount of magnetic flux that flows from the permanent magnet in contact with the magnetic salient pole to the armature side and the amount of magnetic flux that flows from the first magnet element and the second magnet element to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole is as follows: Ratio and residual magnetic flux density.

  In FIG. 24A, the ratio of the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 234 and 235 to the armature side and the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the second magnet element 241 to the armature side is the length of the nonmagnetic material 247 and the second magnet. It is shown to be a ratio with the length of element 241. Similarly, in FIG. 24B, the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 236 and 237 to the armature side, the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet element 242 to the armature side, and flowing from the second magnet element 243 to the armature side. The ratio of the amount of magnetic flux is represented by the ratio of the length of the nonmagnetic material 248, the length of the first magnet element 242, and the length of the second magnet element 243. In FIG. 24C, the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 238 and 239 to the armature side, the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the first magnet element 244 to the armature side, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the second magnet element 245 to the armature side. This ratio is represented by the ratio of the length of the non-magnetic material 249 to the length of the first magnet element 244 and the length of the second magnet element 245.

  24 (a), (b) and (c), the ratio of the lengths of the non-magnetic material, the first magnet element, and the second magnet element is expressed as (non-magnetic material / first magnet element / second magnet element). ), It is (0.75 / 0.0 / 0.25) in FIG. 24 (a), and (−0.5 / −0.25 / −0.25) in FIG. 24 (b). Yes, it is (0.25 / 0.5 / 0.25) in FIG. The sign indicates the magnetization direction, and the case where the magnetic salient pole in contact with the permanent magnet and the control magnet is magnetized to the N pole is positive, and the case where it is magnetized to the S pole is negative. The code | symbol of the term of a nonmagnetic material represents the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet.

  By changing the magnetization states of the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c shown in FIGS. 24A, 24B, and 24C, the number of magnetic poles on which the magnetic flux leaks to the armature side is changed on the rotor surface. Hereinafter, the relationship between the magnetization state of the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c and the number of magnetic poles will be described with reference to FIGS. The magnetized states of the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c are when the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is maximized when the states shown in FIGS. The ratio of the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 232 / magnetic salient pole 233 is + 1.0 / −1.0 / + 1.0. The plus or minus sign indicates the direction in which the magnetic flux flows. This state is shown in FIG. 25, where numeral 251 is a magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 to the armature side, and numeral 252 is flowing from the control magnets 23a, 23b, 23c to the armature side. The magnetic flux is shown as a representative.

  When the magnetizations of the second magnet elements 241, 243, and 245 are reversed from the magnetization states of the control magnets 23a, 23b, and 23c shown in FIGS. 24 (a), (b), and (c), the control magnet 23a (0.75 / 0.0 / −0.25), (−0.5 / −0.25 / 0.25) for the control magnet 23b, and (0.25 / 0. 5 / -0.25). As a result, the ratio of the magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 231 / magnetic salient pole 232 / magnetic salient pole 233 is + 0.5 / −0.5 / + 0.5. This state is shown in FIG. 26, and numeral 261 represents the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnets 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 and the control magnets 23a, 23b, 23c to the armature side. From FIG. 25, the field is weakened.

  When the magnetization direction of the first magnet elements 242 and 244 is further reversed from the state of FIG. 26, the control magnet 23a has (0.75 / 0.0 / −0.25), and the control magnet 23b has (−0. 5 / 0.25 / 0.25) and (0.25 / −0.5 / −0.25) for the control magnet 23c. As a result, the ratio of the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side through the magnetic salient pole 231 / magnetic salient pole 232 / magnetic salient pole 233 is + 0.5 / 0.0 / −0.5. This state is shown in FIG. 27, the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 232 is almost zero, the direction of the magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 233 is reversed, The number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side is reduced from four to two. Reference numeral 271 represents a magnetic flux leaking to the armature side via the magnetic salient poles 231 and 233.

  The configuration of the sixth embodiment is described above with reference to FIGS. 23 to 27, and the magnetic pole configuration for changing the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side and the principle of the change are described. did. The change in magnetization of the control magnet is the same as in the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted. The rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment also operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, and is the same as the conventional rotating electrical apparatus except for the field control and the change in the number of magnetic poles. The description of the operation is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the rotor has eight magnetic salient poles, and the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side is reduced from four to two. did. This facilitates rotational driving by reducing the frequency of the current supplied to the armature coil for high speed rotation. Furthermore, the degree of reduction of the number of magnetic poles can be changed by changing the magnetic pole configuration of the permanent magnet and the control magnet. For example, the amount of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet, the first magnet element, and the second magnet element is represented by (** / ** / **), (0.75 / 0.0 / 0.25), (-0. 5 / -0.25 / -0.25), (0.5 / 0.25 / 0.25), (-0.75 / 0.0 / -0.25) permanent set to each state When magnetic salient poles having a combination of a magnet, a first magnet element, and a second magnet element are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction, the rotor magnetic poles are N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S The number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side can be reduced to 1/3 as N poles, 0, 0, S poles, 0, 0,. .

  A rotating electrical machine system according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The seventh embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system that uses the rotating electrical machine system of the fourth embodiment as a generator / motor system of a hybrid car.

  In the figure, reference numeral 281 denotes the rotating electric machine shown in the fourth embodiment, and the rotating electric machine 281 has a rotating shaft 289 coupled to transmit a rotational force to the engine 282 of the hybrid car. The rotational force is transmitted to the drive shaft 28a via the transmission 283. The control device 284 receives the command 28b from the host control device, drives the rotating electrical machine 281 as an electric motor via the drive circuit 285, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 286. Further, the control device 284 receives the command 28b from the host control device, rectifies the generated power appearing on the lead wire 28c of the armature coil 16 via the rectifier circuit 287, and charges the battery 288. The control device 284 drives the rotating electrical machine 281 as an electric motor through the drive circuit 285 according to the instruction of the command 28b, assists the rotation of the engine 282 or independently drives the rotating shaft 289, and transmits the rotating shaft 289 through the transmission 283 and the driving shaft 28a. Contributes to the driving power of hybrid cars.

  The magnet element in the control magnet that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole to the same polarity as the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor magnetizes the magnetic salient pole is the first magnetization, and the magnet torque is strengthened in the low rotational speed range When it is necessary to increase the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, a pulse current in the direction of increasing the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization is supplied to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 285. When the field is weakened in the high rotation speed region, a pulse current in a direction to reduce the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization is supplied to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 285 to reduce the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature. To do.

  When the hybrid car is driven only by the rotational force of the engine 282, a pulse current in a direction that reduces the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization is minimized via the drive circuit 285 so as to minimize the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature according to the command 28b. This is supplied to the child coil 16 to minimize the drag resistance of the rotating electrical machine 281 during idling. Further, when there is a margin in the rotational force of the engine 282, the generated power appearing on the lead wire 28c of the armature coil 16 is changed to direct current via the rectifier circuit 287 by the command 28b, and the battery 288 is charged. In that case, when the generated voltage is larger than the optimum voltage for charging the battery 288, the control device 284 supplies a pulse current in a direction to reduce the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 285. Thus, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is made small. When the generated voltage is smaller than the optimum voltage for charging the battery 288, the control device 284 supplies a pulse current in a direction to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 285. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the child is increased.

  This embodiment also functions effectively as an energy recovery system when braking a hybrid car. Upon receiving an instruction for regenerative braking through the command 28b, the control device 284 supplies a pulse current in a direction increasing the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization to the armature coil 16 via the drive circuit 285 via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 286. The amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased, and the battery 288 is charged with the generated power. Since the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 16 increases, the electric power that can be taken out is large, and it is temporarily stored in an electric storage system such as an electric double layer capacitor to ensure the braking force and increase the energy recovery. Since the rotating electrical machine 281 is a physique used as a drive motor, it can generate a sufficient braking force as a generator for regenerative braking.

  The present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system used as a generator / motor of a hybrid car, but it is naturally possible to use a rotating electrical machine system in an electric vehicle. In that case, the engine 282 of the hybrid car is removed in the above embodiment, and the electric vehicle is driven only by the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention to constitute an energy recovery system at the time of braking.

  The rotating electrical machine system of the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. These examples show examples of realizing the gist and purpose of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above description, the rotary gap device having a radial gap structure in which the armature and the rotor face each other in the radial direction has been described as an example. A rotating electrical machine apparatus having an axial gap structure facing each other, a double stator having one or more rotors and an armature facing each other in the axial direction or the radial direction, or a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a double rotor structure are also possible. Of course, the rotor magnetic pole configuration, armature configuration, control magnet configuration, etc. in the above embodiments can be combined to form a rotating electrical machine apparatus that realizes the gist of the present invention.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature, and is surrounded by a permanent magnet arranged so as to contact the magnetic salient poles. Magnetic salient poles adjacent to each other are magnetized differently from each other, the armature has one or more armature coils in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the rotor, and the armature and the rotor A non-magnetic conductor layer comprising a non-magnetic conductor layer having one or more holes filled with a magnetic material, wherein the non-magnetic conductor layer and the magnetic material layer are configured to be rotatable relative to each other via And an alternating-current flux barrier configured by alternately laminating and a magnetic material layer, which is one of the outermost layers of the alternating-current flux barrier, is disposed so as to be in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet .

In the rotor, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet flows in a direct current, and the magnetic flux from the armature coil flows in an alternating current. The AC flux barrier reduces the strength of the AC magnetic field from the armature coil to the permanent magnet using these characteristics of the magnetic flux, and allows the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet to pass through the magnetic salient pole. That is, the AC flux barrier is configured by alternately laminating a nonmagnetic conductor layer including a nonmagnetic conductor layer having one or more holes filled with a magnetic material and a magnetic material layer, and the AC magnetic flux is generated by the nonmagnetic conductor layer. It is difficult to pass eddy currents in the interior. However, since the magnetic material is disposed in the hole portion of the nonmagnetic conductor layer, the magnetic resistance against the DC magnetic flux is effectively small. The hole portion is constituted by a through hole or a bottomed hole. Therefore, a part of the alternating magnetic flux whose direction of flow is changed by the eddy current induced in the nonmagnetic conductor layer is induced in the magnetic material layer and escapes from the permanent magnet without generating unnecessary eddy current, and the nonmagnetic conductor layer The direct-current magnetic flux flowing beyond is also induced to flow along the magnetic layer. Naturally, the nonmagnetic conductor layers are electrically insulated from each other.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the nonmagnetic conductor layer is electrically insulated from a magnetic salient pole formed by laminating conductive magnetic plates. It is characterized by. The magnetic salient pole formed by stacking the magnetic plates having conductivity and the nonmagnetic conductor layer are electrically insulated so that the circulating current does not flow through the path including the conductive magnetic plate and the nonmagnetic conductor layer. Composed. Conductive magnetic plates include silicon steel plates, permalloy, etc., and the means of electrical insulation can use a ceramic layer that excels in heat conductivity as well as heat dissipation from the conductor layer and a filler that excels in thermal conductivity. .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, at least a nonmagnetic conductor is disposed between the magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the rotor surface, and the permanent magnet is located at the magnetic salient pole. It is arranged on the side away from the surface facing the armature. The rotor is a rotating electrical machine device that has at least a nonmagnetic conductor between magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the surface, has a large AC magnetic resistance change in the circumferential direction, and can use reluctance torque. In order to improve the torque, there are permanent magnets that magnetize adjacent magnetic salient poles in different polarities. Since the permanent magnet is arranged on the side of the magnetic salient pole away from the armature facing surface, the magnetic field intensity from the armature coil is small, and the AC magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet is suppressed by the AC flux barrier. The

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the permanent magnet and the AC flux barrier are disposed between magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. The rotor has a structure having a permanent magnet and an AC flux barrier between magnetic salient poles near the surface. The AC magnetic field strength from the armature coil to the permanent magnet is suppressed by the AC flux barrier, and the AC magnetic resistance is increased by the AC flux barrier along the rotor surface, so that the reluctance torque can be used. .

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the magnetic salient pole in the vicinity of the rotor surface is magnetically divided in the circumferential direction by a non-magnetic region including a gap, and the permanent magnet is The magnetic salient pole is arranged on the side away from the surface facing the armature. The rotor is a rotating electrical machine apparatus that has a non-magnetic region including a gap between magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the surface, and that has a large magnetoresistance change in the circumferential direction and can use reluctance torque. Since the permanent magnet is disposed on the side of the magnetic salient pole away from the surface facing the armature, the magnetic flux from the armature coil is dispersed and the magnetic field strength is weakened. Further, the permanent magnet is added to the permanent magnet by an AC flux barrier. The AC magnetic field strength that is generated is suppressed.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, a part of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor and the magnetic salient pole are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction near the surface of the rotor. The magnetic salient pole is magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate by the permanent magnet and nonmagnetic material. The magnetic salient pole is structured to be magnetically separated from the surrounding magnetic material by a member including at least a permanent magnet, and is substantially periodically embedded in the vicinity of the surface of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor in the circumferential direction. It is characterized by being. In other words, the magnetic salient pole is an island-shaped magnetic pole arranged in a uniform magnetic substrate, and the magnetic flux passing through the armature coil through part of the magnetic substrate located between the magnetic salient poles. Enabling reluctance torque. As a member for magnetically separating the magnetic salient poles from the surrounding magnetic substrate, a nonmagnetic material, a nonmagnetic conductor, or the like is used in addition to the permanent magnet.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electrical machine system according to the first aspect, the armature coil is wound around one or more magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor. Further, a control magnet is magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and is disposed on a side of the rotor away from the surface facing the armature, and includes at least two magnetic teeth that oppose the magnetic salient pole. A pulsed current is supplied to each of the armature coils wound around the magnetic teeth so as to generate magnetic fluxes in opposite directions in the two magnetic teeth so that the magnetization state of the control magnet is irreversibly changed. The magnetic flux amount that is linked to the armature coil is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnet in accordance with the output so as to optimize the output of the rotating electrical machine device.

An eighth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the seventh aspect , wherein the control magnet has magnet elements disposed between the magnetic bodies and having a product of a magnetization direction length and a coercive force different from each other. It is characterized in that the magnet elements are connected in parallel to each other. The control magnet is constituted by a configuration in which one or more magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization are connected in parallel, or a magnet in which the product of the easiness of magnetization, that is, the magnetization direction length and the coercive force changes continuously. The distribution mode of the different ease of magnetization in the control magnet is not limited to one magnetic pole cross section, but may be distributed to the entire rotor so as to be reflected as the total amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil. . Magnetomotive force (magnetic potential difference) due to the armature coil is applied almost evenly to the magnet elements constituting the control magnet, and the value obtained by dividing the magnetomotive force by the length of the magnetization direction is the magnetic field strength applied to each magnet element, so the magnetization direction Magnet elements having a small product of length and coercive force are easily magnetized, and the magnetization state of the magnet elements connected in parallel is selectively controlled by a current applied to the armature coil.

A ninth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the seventh aspect, wherein the armature coils other than the armature coil to which the pulsed current is supplied when the magnetization state of the control magnet is changed are armature coil units or It is characterized by being short-circuited in units of groups to which the armature coils belong. When there is a magnetic tooth around which a non-energized armature coil is wound in the vicinity of a magnetic tooth around which an armature coil that is supplied with pulsed currents in opposite directions is opposed to the magnetic salient pole May short-circuit the pulsed magnetic flux through the magnetic teeth. The non-energized armature coil is short-circuited at both ends so that the pulsed magnetic flux hardly flows in a short circuit.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is the rotating electrical machine system according to the seventh aspect, wherein the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet in the pair of the control magnet and the permanent magnet connected in parallel to each other is greater than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet. A magnetic body salient pole that has a control magnet and permanent magnet pair set to, and the amount of magnetic flux that flows through the armature becomes zero due to the change in magnetization of the control magnet and / or magnetic flux that flows through the armature The magnetic salient poles whose directions are reversed are arranged, and the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that change the magnetization of the control magnet and leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side is changed.

In the invention of claim 11 , the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and the armature has one or more in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor. having an armature coil in a circumferential direction, a magnetic material salient pole excited method of mutually opposing and relatively rotatable in the rotary electric machine through the small gap between the armature and the rotor, the magnetic body An AC flux barrier configured by alternately laminating a nonmagnetic conductor layer including a nonmagnetic conductor layer having one or more holes filled with a magnetic material layer, and one outermost layer of the AC flux barrier The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet has a combination with a permanent magnet whose magnetic pole surface is in contact with the magnetic layer in the vicinity of each magnetic salient pole and suppresses the strength of the alternating magnetic field applied from the armature coil to the permanent magnet by the alternating current flux barrier. Passes through the AC flux barrier and is adjacent It is a magnetic material salient pole excited wherein the magnetizing a different pole each other magnetic material salient poles.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and is arranged in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. One or more magnetic teeth and magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor are magnetized with magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction by the permanent magnets formed. A method for controlling the amount of magnetic flux in a rotating electrical machine apparatus having an armature coil wound around the armature, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other through a minute gap and are relatively rotatable. The control magnet is disposed at a portion remote from the armature facing surface and in parallel with the permanent magnet, and further includes one or more holes filled with a magnetic material. AC flux of the non-magnetic conductive layer and a magnetic layer formed by laminating alternately including the conductive layer An AC flux barrier is disposed so that the magnetic layer, which is one of the outermost layers of the AC flux barrier, is in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, and is wound around the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient pole. By supplying a pulsed current to the armature coil to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the control magnet in contact with the magnetic salient pole, the magnetization state of the control magnet is changed, and the armature coil is linked to the armature coil. This is a magnetic flux amount control method for controlling the magnetic flux amount to be performed.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and is arranged in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. One or more magnetic teeth and magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor are magnetized with magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction by the permanent magnets formed. A method for controlling the number of magnetic poles of a rotating electrical machine apparatus having an armature coil wound around the armature, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other with a minute gap and are relatively rotatable. The control magnet is disposed at a portion remote from the armature facing surface and magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and the control magnet and permanent magnet pair connected in parallel with each other. The amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet is set to be greater than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet. The magnet has a control magnet and permanent magnet pair, and the direction of the magnetic flux that flows through the armature side and / or the magnetic salient pole where the amount of magnetic flux that flows through the armature side becomes almost zero by changing the magnetization of the control magnet is reversed. An AC flux barrier comprising a non-magnetic conductor layer including a non-magnetic conductor layer having one or more holes filled with a magnetic substance, and a magnetic layer alternately stacked. An AC flux barrier is arranged so that one of the outermost layers of the AC flux barrier is in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, and is wound around a magnetic tooth facing the magnetic salient pole. It is configured to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the control magnet in contact with the magnetic salient pole by supplying a pulsed current to the child coil, and change the magnetization state of the control magnet to reverse the armature side Magnetic salient pole that leaks magnetic flux A number of magnetic poles control method for controlling the number of.

Claims (15)

The rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the armature, and a magnetic pole adjacent in the circumferential direction by a permanent magnet arranged in contact with the magnetic salient pole. The poles are magnetized differently from each other, the armature has at least one armature coil in the circumferential direction on the surface facing the rotor, and the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other through a minute gap; A rotating electrical machine apparatus configured to be relatively rotatable, having an AC flux barrier configured by alternately laminating conductor layers and magnetic layers, and being one outermost layer of the AC flux barrier A rotating electrical machine system characterized in that a magnetic layer is disposed in contact with a magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the conductor layer is electrically insulated from a magnetic salient pole formed by laminating conductive magnetic plates. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the conductor layer in the AC flux barrier is made of a non-magnetic conductor, and the non-magnetic conductor layer of the AC flux barrier has one or more holes. Is a rotating electrical machine system characterized by magnetic material 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the conductor layer in the AC flux barrier is made of a nonmagnetic conductor, and the minimum thickness in each nonmagnetic conductor layer of the AC flux barrier is the thickness of the magnetic layer. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by being made smaller 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein at least a nonmagnetic conductor is disposed between the magnetic salient poles in the vicinity of the rotor surface, and the permanent magnet is disposed on the magnetic salient pole from a surface facing the armature. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by being arranged on a remote side 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet and the AC flux barrier are arranged between magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic salient pole near the rotor surface is magnetically divided in a circumferential direction by a non-magnetic area including a gap, and the permanent magnet is in the magnetic salient pole. Rotating electrical machine system characterized in that it is arranged on the side away from the surface facing the armature 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein a part of the magnetic substrate constituting the rotor and the magnetic salient pole are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction near the surface of the rotor, and the magnetic salient pole. Is magnetically separated from the magnetic substrate by the permanent magnet and nonmagnetic material. 2. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 1, wherein the armature coil is wound around one or more magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor, and a control magnet is provided on the permanent magnet. In parallel with each other and disposed on the side of the rotor away from the surface facing the armature, and within each of the two magnetic teeth including at least the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient poles. A pulse current is supplied to each of the armature coils wound around the magnetic teeth so as to generate a magnetic flux in the reverse direction so that the magnetization state of the control magnet is irreversibly changed. A rotating electrical machine system characterized in that the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnet in accordance with the output so as to optimize the output. 10. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 9, wherein the control magnet includes magnet elements disposed between the magnetic bodies and having different magnetization direction lengths and coercive force products, and the magnet elements are connected in parallel to each other by the magnetic bodies. Rotating electrical machine system characterized by 10. The rotating electrical machine system according to claim 9, wherein the armature coils other than the armature coil to which a pulsed current is supplied when changing the magnetization state of the control magnet are armature coil units or group units to which the armature coils belong. Rotating electrical machinery system characterized by short circuit 10. A rotating electrical machine system according to claim 9, wherein the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet in a pair of the control magnet and permanent magnet connected in parallel to each other is set to be greater than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet; A magnetic body having a permanent magnet pair and whose magnetic flux that flows through the armature side becomes almost zero by changing the magnetization of the control magnet, and / or a magnetic body that reverses the direction of the magnetic flux that flows through the armature side A rotating electrical machine system in which salient poles are arranged and the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that change the magnetization of a control magnet and leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side is changed. The rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction near the surface facing the armature, and the armature has one or more armature coils in the circumferential direction near the surface facing the rotor. A magnetic salient pole excitation method for a rotating electrical machine apparatus, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other with a minute gap and are configured to be relatively rotatable, comprising: a nonmagnetic conductor layer; a magnetic layer; Each armature armature has a combination of an AC flux barrier constructed by alternately laminating and a permanent magnet whose magnetic pole surface is in contact with the outermost magnetic layer of the AC flux barrier. The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet passes through the AC flux barrier while the strength of the AC magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet from the coil is suppressed by the AC flux barrier, and magnetizes adjacent magnetic salient poles to different polarities. Magnetic salient pole excitation method The rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and the rotor is circumferentially arranged by a permanent magnet disposed in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. The armature wound around the magnetic teeth and one or more magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor A magnetic flux amount control method for a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a coil, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other with a minute gap and are relatively rotatable. An AC flux barrier configured by arranging the control magnet at a portion away from the opposing surface of the magnetic layer so as to be magnetically connected in parallel with the permanent magnet, and further laminating nonmagnetic conductor layers and magnetic layers alternately. A magnetic layer that is one of the outermost layers of the AC flux barrier A control magnet that has an AC flux barrier in contact with the magnetic pole surface of the magnet and supplies a pulsed current to the armature coil wound around the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient pole to contact the magnetic salient pole Magnetic flux amount control method configured to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the magnet, change the magnetization state of the control magnet, and control the magnetic flux amount interlinked with the armature coil The rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the armature, and the rotor is circumferentially arranged by a permanent magnet disposed in the magnetic salient pole or between adjacent magnetic salient poles. The armature wound around the magnetic teeth and one or more magnetic teeth arranged in the circumferential direction in the vicinity of the surface facing the rotor A method of controlling the number of magnetic poles of a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a coil, wherein the armature and the rotor are opposed to each other with a minute gap and are relatively rotatable, the control arm having a control magnet, The amount of magnetic flux flowing from the control magnet in a pair of the control magnet and the permanent magnet connected in parallel to each other at a portion away from the facing surface of the magnet and arranged in parallel with the permanent magnet. Control magnet and permanent magnet that are set to be more than the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet Magnetic salient poles that have a pair and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature side becomes almost zero by changing the magnetization of the control magnet and / or magnetic salient poles that reverse the direction of the magnetic flux flowing through the armature side And irreversibly change the magnetization state of the control magnet in contact with the magnetic salient pole by supplying a pulsed current to the armature coil wound around the magnetic tooth facing the magnetic salient pole. The number of magnetic poles is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnet and controlling the number of magnetic salient pole pairs that leak magnetic fluxes in opposite directions to the armature side.

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