JP2010528003A - 凍結乾燥フォームによる生物活性材料の防腐 - Google Patents
凍結乾燥フォームによる生物活性材料の防腐 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本願は米国仮特許出願第60/930,746号(発明の名称「凍結乾燥フォームによる生物活性材料の防腐(Preservation of Bioactive materials by Freeze Dried Foam)」,発明者Reinhard Vehringら,出願日2007年5月18日)の特典と優先権を主張する。本願は先行出願である米国実用特許出願第10/412,630号(現米国特許第7,135,180号)(発明の名称「凍結乾燥フォームによる生物活性材料の防腐(Preservation of Bioactive materials by Freeze Dried Foam)」,発明者Vu Truong−Le,出願日2003年4月10日)と、同じく先行出願である米国仮出願第60/372,236号(発明の名称「製剤及び製造方法(Formulations and Methods for Preparation)」,発明者Vu Truong−Le,出願日2002年4月11日)の関連出願である。以上の先行出願の全開示内容を本明細書に援用する。
本発明は保存時の生物材料の防腐の分野に関する。特に、本発明は例えば生物活性分子と生存可能な生物材料を保護乾燥フォームマトリックス内でガラス化により防腐する技術に関する。方法及びシステムはウイルス及び細菌生存率の高度の回復を実現する。
本発明は特定システム又は方法に限定されず、当然のことながら種々に適用できると理解すべきである。また、本明細書で使用する用語は単に特定態様の説明を目的としており、限定的でないことも理解すべきである。本明細書と特許請求の範囲で使用する単数形はそうでないことが内容から明白である場合を除き、複数の対象も含む。従って、例えば「表面」と言う場合には2個以上の表面の組合せを含み、「細菌」と言う場合には細菌混合物を含み、他の用語についても同様である。
生物活性材料の防腐用の安定な乾燥フォームの製造方法は一般に、例えば溶液又は懸濁液として生物活性材料とポリオール及び/又はポリマーを併有する製剤を調製する段階と、製剤を減圧して発泡を開始する段階と、フォームを凍結させる段階と、凍結乾燥によりフォームを一次乾燥する段階と、約25℃以下の温度で残留水分10%以下までフォームを二次乾燥する段階を含む。
本発明の製剤は例えばポリオール、ポリマー、発泡剤、界面活性剤、及び/又は緩衝液を含有する溶液又は懸濁液に配合した生物活性材料を含むことができる。当業者に自明の通り、製剤成分は成分に適した方法を使用して順次添加することができる。例えば、ポリマー及び/又は高濃度のポリオールを水溶液に加熱撹拌下に溶解した後に冷却し、生物活性材料と混合することができる。ウイルスや細菌等の生物活性材料を例えば遠心又は濾過により増殖培地から濃縮分離した後に製剤に再懸濁することができる。
例えば生物活性の安定化、製剤の濃化、製剤成分の膜浸透促進、及び/又は凍結乾燥前の製剤の凍結等の効果を提供するために、フォーム発泡、フォーム安定化、凍結、及び/又は乾燥前に本発明の製剤を冷却することができる。
発泡は例えば製剤から放出されるガスのトラップ及び/又は既存懸濁気泡の膨張により得られる。例えば、製剤の上方のガス圧が低下するにつれて溶媒成分の沸点は製剤の温度未満に低下し、その結果、溶媒の迅速な蒸発又は沸騰が生じる。例えば溶媒中に溶存するガスの分圧よりも減圧して脱気により気泡を生じる場合にも製剤中に有意起泡を生じることができる。化学的に気泡形成を誘導することもできる。あるいは、例えばフリットガラス等により容器の底からガスを導入することにより物理的に起泡を誘導することもできる。
構造的に安定化された初期乾燥フォームを二次乾燥することにより、例えばトラップされた溶媒又は分子水和水を除去し、例えば周囲温度で長期間保存時に安定な組成物を提供することができる。二次乾燥は例えば高真空下で中温に数時間〜数日間加温することにより実施することができる。生きた状態を含む生物活性材料の保護用の好ましい態様において、生存率は二次乾燥段階中の例えば室温以下の温度調節に過度に依存することが判明した。
製剤は所望に応じて例えば発泡と乾燥前に容器に充填してもよいし、個別容器に分注してもよい。製剤は例えば安定化フォームに加工するための標準ガラス凍結乾燥バイアルに充填することができる。ガラスバイアルは底をエッチング加工し、気密封止ストッパーを取付けて無菌にすることができる。本発明の生物活性材料は例えば再構成溶液もしくは懸濁液の注射、又は粉砕フォーム粉末粒子の吸入により投与することができる。
本発明の組成物としては生物活性材料とポリオール及び/又はポリマーの乾燥フォーム組成物が挙げられる。組成物は乾燥前に凍結させることにより製造しているため、初期凍結なしに乾燥したフォームとは構造と機能が本質的に異なる。例えば、製剤を単に乾燥する場合と製剤を凍結乾燥する場合とでは、微視的レベルでも相違する。本発明の組成物は例えば本発明の方法により製造することができる。本発明の組成物は例えばポリオールと脂質膜をもつ生物活性材料の製剤を調製し、脂質膜の相転移温度付近の温度まで製剤を冷却し、製剤を減圧してフォームを形成し、フォームを凍結させ、凍結したフォームから水を昇華させて凍結乾燥フォーム組成物を得ることにより製造することができる。フォームを更に乾燥するために二次乾燥条件を利用することができる。本発明の組成物としては例えば水性緩衝液で再構成された乾燥フォームが挙げられる。
本発明の乾燥フォーム組成物の製造用製剤は例えばポリマー、ポリオール、発泡剤、界面活性剤、及び/又は緩衝液を含有することができる。このような製剤は生物活性材料の保存及び投与用の安定な組成物を提供するように本発明の方法により処理することができる。
本実施例は37℃で125日間保存後に蛋白質完全性及び安定性を維持した組成物について記載する。
1)シェルフを15℃まで予備冷却する(凍結乾燥機シェルフに乾燥剤を添加し、コンデンサーを−60℃に設定する);
2)バイアルをセットして30分間平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)約0.7℃/分で33℃まで昇温する;
6)48時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
得られたフォームは含水率約2.2%(w/w)でTg約43℃であった。
B/ハルビンインフルエンザウイルス又はプラセボを使用して本発明の方法に従って以下の製剤を調製した。製剤のpHは水酸化ナトリウム又は水酸化カリウムで調整した。
以下の凍結乾燥/乾燥チャンバー条件を使用して製剤を製造した。
サイクル1:
1)シェルフを25℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)30分間維持する;
5)45℃まで昇温する;
6)1時間維持する;
7)温度を37℃に調整して1時間維持する;
8)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル2:
1)シェルフを30℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)2時間維持する;
5)37℃まで昇温する;
6)16時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル3:
1)シェルフを15℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)37℃まで昇温する;
6)20時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル4:
1)シェルフを12℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)25分間維持する;
5)33℃まで昇温する;
6)24時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル5:
1)シェルフを17℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして10分間平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)37℃まで昇温する;
6)48時間維持する;
7)40℃まで昇温する;
8)48時間維持する;
9)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル6:
1)シェルフを20℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)33℃まで昇温する;
6)72時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル7:
1)シェルフを15℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)25℃まで昇温する;
6)72時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル8:
1)シェルフを7℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)120分間維持する;
5)20℃まで昇温する;
6)72時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル9:
1)シェルフを15℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして30分間平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)60分間維持する;
5)33℃まで昇温する;
6)48時間維持する;
7)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル10:
1)シェルフを15℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして30分間平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)18時間維持する;
5)0.2℃/分で25℃まで昇温する;
7)5時間維持する;
8)0.2℃/分で33℃まで昇温する;
9)19時間維持する;
10)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
サイクル11:
1)シェルフを7℃まで予備冷却する;
2)バイアルをセットして平衡化させる;
3)50mTorrに真空を設定する;
4)3時間維持する;
5)0.2℃/分で15℃まで昇温する;
6)16時間維持する;
7)0.2℃/分で25℃まで昇温する;
8)2時間維持する;
9)0.2℃/分で33℃まで昇温する;
10)27時間維持する;
11)バイアルをストッパーで封止する。
実施例1に示した乾燥サイクルを使用して生きたB/ハルビンインフルエンザウイルスを安定化した。25℃で10カ月間保存後にこれらの製剤で観察された安定性プロファイルを下表にまとめる。
以前の実験において、本発明者らは同一製剤で標準凍結乾燥よりも凍結発泡乾燥のほうがウイルス及び細菌の工程生存率低下が一般に大きいことに注目した。本発明者らはこの相違が発泡凍結工程では標準凍結乾燥工程に比較して凍結前に発泡段階と沸騰予備乾燥段階を含むという工程間の主な相違に起因すると予想した。処理段階、時間、温度及び乾燥度に伴う生存率の工程低下を調査及び特性決定するために実験を行った。
上記のように、凍結発泡防腐工程は二次乾燥段階中に低温を利用することにより改善できる。しかし、その結果、処理時間が長くなり、製造生産性を悪化させる恐れがある。以下の実施例では、本発明の所定の凍結発泡乾燥工程で使用される低温二次乾燥を加速することが可能なシステム要素を同定する。
二次段階の相当時間又は完了まで低温真空乾燥を延長すると、リステリア菌の生存率は増加した。
低温真空二次乾燥を延長し、段階的昇温を使用して乾燥を完了すると、リステリア菌の生存率は増加した。
マトリックスTgよりも低温と高温で乾燥したポリオールマトリックス内でリステリア菌を防腐したが、微生物の生存率に実質的な変化はなかった。
Claims (25)
- 生物活性材料を含有する安定な乾燥フォーム組成物の製造方法であって、
生物活性材料とポリオール又はポリマーを溶媒中に含有する製剤を調製する段階と;
製剤を発泡させてフォームを形成する段階と;
フォームを凍結させる段階と;
凍結したフォームを0℃以下のフォーム温度で昇華により一次乾燥する段階と;
フォームの残留水分を10%以下まで低下させるために十分な時間にわたって25℃以下の温度の環境でフォームを二次乾燥する段階を含む前記方法。 - 生物活性材料がウイルス又は細菌を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生物活性材料がリステリア菌又はインフルエンザ株を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 製剤をウイルス又は細菌の膜相転移温度から2℃以内に維持する段階を更に含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- フォームの厚みが2mm以下である請求項1に記載の方法。
- フォームの残留水分を5%以下まで低下させるために十分な時間にわたってフォームを乾燥する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 二次乾燥温度がフォームのガラス転移温度未満に維持される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 乾燥フォームを平均粒度約0.1um〜約100umの粉末まで粉砕する段階を更に含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- フォームを再構成液又は粉砕粉末として哺乳動物に投与する段階を更に含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 一次乾燥又は二次乾燥が100Torr以下の圧力の凍結乾燥を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 生物活性材料を含有する安定な乾燥フォーム組成物の製造方法であって、
生物活性材料とポリオール又はポリマーを溶媒中に含有する製剤を調製する段階と;
製剤を発泡させてフォームを形成する段階と;
フォームを凍結させる段階と;
フォームが凍結する温度又はフォームのガラス転移温度未満に維持される温度で昇華によりフォームを一次乾燥する段階と;
フォームの残留水分を10%以下まで低下させるために十分な時間にわたって25℃以下の環境でフォームを二次乾燥する段階を含む前記方法。 - 生物活性材料がウイルス又は細菌を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- フォームの発泡前に製剤を生物活性材料の膜転移温度から2℃以内の温度に2分間以上維持する段階を更に含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 生物活性材料がリステリア菌又はインフルエンザ株を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- フォームの厚みが2mm以下である請求項11に記載の方法。
- フォームの残留水分を5%以下まで低下させるために十分な時間にわたってフォームを乾燥する請求項11に記載の方法。
- 生物活性材料を含有する安定な乾燥フォーム組成物の製造用システムであって、
内部温度と内部圧力の制御機能を含む環境制御チャンバーと;
チャンバー内に配置され、生物活性材料とポリオール又はポリマーを溶媒中に含有するフォームを含み;
フォームが厚み2mm以下及び/又は縦横比10以上であり;
フォームを25℃以下の温度で2日間以内に残留水分10%以下まで乾燥することができる前記システム。 - 生物活性材料がウイルス又は細菌を含む請求項17に記載の方法。
- 生物活性材料がリステリア菌又はインフルエンザ株を含む請求項17に記載の方法。
- フォームが厚み1mm以下又は縦横比100以上である請求項17に記載の方法。
- 残留水分10%以下の乾燥フォームマトリックス中に細菌又はウイルスを含む乾燥フォーム組成物であって、
前記マトリックスがポリオール又はポリマーを含有しており、
前記乾燥フォームが生存率低下を0.5log10未満とした細菌又はウイルスの液体製剤から製造されている前記組成物。 - 乾燥フォームが凍結乾燥フォームである請求項21に記載の組成物。
- 乾燥フォームが25℃よりも高温に暴露されていない請求項21に記載の組成物。
- フォームの残留水分が5%以下である請求項21に記載の組成物。
- 生物活性材料がリステリア菌又はインフルエンザ株を含む請求項21に記載の組成物。
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| JP5307801B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
| WO2008143782A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
| US8617576B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
| EP2148923B1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| DK2148923T3 (da) | 2012-12-03 |
| US20100297231A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| ES2393160T3 (es) | 2012-12-19 |
| EP2148923A4 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| KR20100028561A (ko) | 2010-03-12 |
| BRPI0811161A2 (pt) | 2014-10-07 |
| KR101557169B1 (ko) | 2015-10-02 |
| CN101755044B (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
| EP2148923A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
| CN101755044A (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
| JP2013177473A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
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