JP2009095895A - Method and apparatus for forming meshing guide surface of toothed member - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and an apparatus capable of efficiently forming a meshing guide surface without increasing an apparatus cost and an apparatus installation space.
The hub sleeve and the rotary tool 94 are rotated continuously and synchronously with each other with the rotary tool 94 positioned at a predetermined angle and position with respect to the hub sleeve held by the tool rotating device 12. While rotating, the rotary tool 94 is cut into the hub sleeve. The rotary tool 94 has one cutting tool 98, and the cutting tool 98 cuts the corner of the spline at one time of one rotation. However, at the remaining time, the cutting tool detaches from the spline and reaches the cutting position where the rotary tool 94 is cut into the spline. The spline to be cut next can be moved to the position to be cut by the rotation of the hub sleeve while being kept in the position. By rotating the hub sleeve a set number of times and cutting the set amount of the rotary tool 94, a meshing guide surface is formed at one corner of each end of the plurality of splines.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention has a plurality of teeth formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of an inner peripheral surface and an outer peripheral surface, such as spline members and gears, and is engaged and disengaged by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. The present invention relates to a meshing guide surface forming method and a forming apparatus for two toothed members that can be switched to each other, and in particular, to an improvement in forming efficiency.

  For example, chamfering is performed on the corner portion defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the toothed member, or a meshing guide surface for guiding the meshing of the two toothed members is formed. The chamfering of the corner portion of the tooth is performed using a grindstone as described in Patent Document 1 below, for example. The grindstone is provided so as to be able to rotate around an axis that is three-dimensionally intersecting with the rotation axis of the gear at right angles, and to be able to swing in a direction substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the gear, and in contact with the gear teeth. By rotating the grindstone and the gear, the grindstone grinds each corner of all teeth and chamfers while swinging following the tooth profile. In the case of chamfering, since the amount of tooth cutting is small, the tooth can be ground by a set amount by swinging the grindstone following the tooth profile.

  On the other hand, the meshing guide surface is a surface that guides the meshing when the two gears move relative to each other in the axial direction and meshes the teeth with each other. It is necessary to have two planes that generate one ridge line extending substantially in the radial direction at the substantially central portion of the side surface, and the amount of cutting is larger than when chamfering the corner of the tooth as described above, and the same method It cannot be formed. Therefore, conventionally, a meshing guide surface is formed on each of the plurality of teeth of the toothed member by a combination of intermittent rotation of the toothed member and cutting and detachment of the rotating tool into the toothed member. Yes.

  For example, a hub sleeve that constitutes a manual transmission of a vehicle is an inner spline member, and when the mesh guide surface is formed on each of the splines that are a plurality of teeth formed at equal angular intervals on the inner peripheral surface thereof, The meshing guide surfaces are formed one by one by an end mill that is rotated around a rotation axis that is inclined with respect to the side surface of each other. While the rotation of the hub sleeve is stopped, an end mill is fed in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the end mill while cutting a corner defined by the side surface and the tooth surface of the tooth with the tip of the end mill. The meat at the corner is cut to form one meshing guide surface. Next, the end mill is retracted in the direction parallel to the rotation axis and is detached from the hub sleeve. After the separation, the hub sleeve is indexed and rotated by one tooth to move the adjacent spline to the machining position. The end mill is again fed to form a meshing guide surface on the next tooth. In the hub sleeve, the meshing guide surfaces are formed at both end portions of the spline in the axial direction of the hub sleeve, and at both corners in the circumferential direction of the hub sleeve, and are formed at four locations for one spline. Therefore, if an engagement guide surface is formed at one of the two corners at one end in the axial direction for all the splines, the end mill is moved in the diametric direction of the hub sleeve, or the direction relative to the splines. Is changed to form a meshing guide surface at the other corner. This meshing guide surface is also formed one spline at a time by intermittent rotation of the hub sleeve and cutting and detachment of the end mill with respect to the hub sleeve. If the meshing guide surface is formed at the other corner of all the splines, the hub sleeve is turned over, and the two corners at the other end in the axial direction of the spline are each set at two corners at one end. A meshing guide surface is formed in the same manner as the part.

In this way, if the meshing guide surface is formed by intermittent rotation of the hub sleeve and the cutting and detaching of the end mill, it takes time to process. Particularly, when a plurality of meshing guide surfaces are formed for one spline, the processing time is increased. When the mesh guide surface forming device forms a hub sleeve production line together with another hub sleeve processing device, it becomes a bottleneck of the line and lowers the production efficiency of the entire line. Therefore, conventionally, there are at least two meshing guide surface forming devices, or a plurality of multiples of 2 depending on the production amount, and four meshing devices are arranged in each spline according to the machining time by other hub sleeve machining devices. A hub sleeve in which a guide surface is formed is obtained.
JP-A-5-269621

However, if at least two meshing guide surface forming devices are provided as described above, or a plurality of units that are multiples of 2 depending on the production amount, the device cost increases, and a large space is required for installation of the device.
This problem is not limited to the case where two meshing guide surfaces are formed at each of both end portions of the plurality of teeth of the toothed member, but when the meshing guide surface is formed only at one end portion in the axial direction of the teeth. Also occurs in the same way.
The present invention has been made against the background of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to obtain a method and an apparatus capable of efficiently forming a meshing guide surface without causing an increase in apparatus cost and apparatus installation space. And

The above-described problem has two teeth that are formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, and can be switched between an engagement state and a disengagement state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. A method of forming a meshing guide surface that guides the meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth of the toothed member. While rotating a member and a rotary tool provided with one or more cutting blades continuously around each center line of the toothed member and the rotary tool and in synchronization with each other, This is solved by a method of forming a meshing guide surface by cutting away the corner defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the toothed member by relatively moving the rotary tool.
Two toothed members that are switched between a meshing state and a disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction are used in transmissions, clutches, and the like, and are often used particularly in vehicle manual transmissions.
Examples of the toothed member include a spline member and a gear. The gear may be, for example, a cylindrical gear or a bevel gear, and may immediately be a gear or a helical gear.

  Further, the above-mentioned problem has a plurality of teeth formed at equal angular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, and is switched between the meshing state and the disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. (A) at least a device for forming a meshing guide surface for guiding meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth of the two toothed members; A toothed member rotating device that holds one toothed member and continuously rotates the toothed member around the centerline of the toothed member; and (b) a rotation provided with one or more cutting blades. A tool rotating device that continuously rotates the tool around the center line of the rotating tool, and (c) the toothed member and the rotating tool by relatively moving the toothed member rotating device and the tool rotating device. A relative movement device for relatively moving, and (d) a toothed member A rotation control unit that causes one or more cutting blades to cut off corners defined by tooth surfaces and side surfaces of at least one toothed member by synchronously controlling rotation of the rolling device and the tool rotating device. And (e) by controlling the relative movement device, this is solved by providing a device that includes a relative movement control unit that cuts corners by a plurality of times of cutting.

The cutting blade is swiveled around the rotation axis of the rotary tool. However, the cutting blade is provided in a part in the circumferential direction of the rotary tool. Cutting is performed at the time of interference, but cutting is not performed when the cutting blade is away from the teeth, while the rotary tool remains at the cutting position for cutting the corner with respect to the toothed member. In this state (without retreating), the tooth to be cut next can be moved to the cutting position by the rotation of the toothed member. Accordingly, if the toothed member and the rotary tool are rotated continuously and synchronously so that the teeth to be cut during the non-machining period of the rotary tool are changed, the rotary tool is removed from the toothed member. Each corner portion of the plurality of teeth can be sequentially cut without being separated. Each time the toothed member is rotated once, the corner is cut by an amount determined by the relative movement amount of the toothed member and the rotary tool (feed amount per one rotation of the toothed member). By the rotation of the rotation, a set amount of the corner portion of the tooth is cut off to form the meshing guide surface. Whether the rotary tool has one or a plurality of cutting tools, or one or a plurality of rotary tools, the rotation speed of the toothed member and the rotary tool, the number and arrangement of the cutting tools included in the rotary tool, the number of the rotary tools With this selection, part of the corners are cut off for all or part of the teeth during one rotation of the toothed member, and the meshing guide surface for all or part of the teeth is obtained by a plurality of rotations of the toothed member. The engagement guide surface can be formed in various manners such as being formed.
In any case, according to the method of the present invention, the meshing guide surface can be formed while continuously rotating and relatively moving the toothed member and the rotary tool. The meshing guide surface can be formed in a shorter time than when the meshing guide surface is formed one by one by repeating intermittent rotation and cutting and detachment of the rotary tool. Therefore, even when the meshing guide surface forming device constitutes a toothed member production line together with other toothed member processing devices, it is only necessary to provide a smaller number (for example, one) of meshing guide surface forming devices than in the prior art. The production efficiency can be improved while suppressing an increase in apparatus installation space.

  The apparatus according to the present invention is suitable for carrying out the method according to the present invention, and the same effect as the method according to the present invention can be obtained.

Aspects of the Invention

  In the following, the invention that is claimed to be claimable in the present application (hereinafter referred to as “claimable invention”. The claimable invention is at least the “present invention” to the invention described in the claims. Some aspects of the present invention, including subordinate concept inventions of the present invention, superordinate concepts of the present invention, or inventions of different concepts) will be illustrated and described. As with the claims, each aspect is divided into sections, each section is numbered, and is described in a form that cites the numbers of other sections as necessary. This is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the claimable invention, and is not intended to limit the combinations of the constituent elements constituting the claimable invention to those described in the following sections. In other words, the claimable invention should be construed in consideration of the description accompanying each section, the description of the embodiments, the prior art, and the like. The added aspect and the aspect in which the constituent elements are deleted from the aspect of each item can be an aspect of the claimable invention.

  In the following paragraphs, (1) corresponds to claim 1, (2) corresponds to claim 2, (3) corresponds to claim 3, (6) corresponds to claim 4, (10) corresponds to claim 5, (11) corresponds to claim 6, and (12) corresponds to claim 7.

(1) Two teeth that have a plurality of teeth formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, and are switched between an engaged state and a disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. A method of forming a meshing guide surface for guiding meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth of the toothed member,
While rotating at least one toothed member and a rotary tool provided with one or more cutting blades continuously and synchronously with each other around respective centerlines of the toothed member and the rotary tool, The toothed member that forms the meshing guide surface by cutting away the corner defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the toothed member by relatively moving the toothed member and the rotary tool. A meshing guide surface forming method.
(2) The rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotational speed of the rotary tool are the same for all teeth in the relative positions of each of the plurality of teeth of the toothed member and each of the one or more cutting blades. The method for forming the meshing guide surface of the toothed member according to the item (1), wherein the selection is performed so that cutting is performed in a state.
If the rotational speeds of the toothed member and the rotary tool are selected so as to satisfy the conditions in this section, the effect that the meshing guide surfaces of the plurality of teeth of the toothed member are formed in the same shape and size can be obtained. However, when it is allowed that the shape of the meshing guide surface is slightly different among the plurality of teeth, it is not indispensable that the rotational speeds of the toothed member and the rotary tool satisfy the conditions in this section.
According to the meshing guide surface forming method of this section, for example, even when the meshing guide surface is formed for different teeth by each of the plurality of cutting tools, or when different stages of machining are performed on the same tooth, all Each of the teeth has a meshing guide surface having the same shape and size.
(3) The rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotational speed of the rotary tool are selected such that adjacent teeth are sequentially cut by one or a plurality of adjacent cutting blades in the order of arrangement. The method for forming a meshing guide surface of the toothed member according to (1) or (2).
It is simplest to select the rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotary tool so as to satisfy the requirements of this section. Further, since the method of the present invention continuously rotates both the toothed member and the rotary tool, the meshing guide surface is inevitably a curved surface, but the rotational tool is compared with the rotational speed of the toothed member. A meshing guide surface closer to a flat surface is obtained as the rotational speed is increased. For that purpose, it is desirable to make the peripheral speed of the tooth accompanying the rotation of the toothed member smaller than the peripheral speed of the cutting blade accompanying the rotation of the rotary tool. From this point of view, it is effective to reduce the number of cutting tools and increase the turning radius of the cutting tool. On the other hand, in order to efficiently form the meshing guide surface, it is effective to increase the number of cutting blades.
However, it is not essential to select the rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotary tool so as to satisfy the requirements of this section. For example, when the number of teeth is an odd number, every other cutting tool is used. It is also possible to sequentially cut the teeth. Further, in the circumferential direction, a rotary tool having a region in which a plurality of cutting blades are intensively provided with a relatively small relative phase and a region in which no cutting blade is provided is used. After a tooth has been cut several times in succession, it may be moved to the position where the next tooth is cut while the region where the cutting blade is not provided passes through the vicinity of the toothed member. Is possible.
(4) One of the teeth of the toothed member and the cutting tool of the rotary tool is an even number, and the other is an odd number. The meshing guide of the toothed member according to any one of (1) to (3) Surface forming method.
When a rotary tool having one cutting blade is used, and one cutting blade sequentially cuts adjacent ones of a plurality of teeth, a substantial difference occurs regardless of whether the number of teeth is even or odd. However, for example, in the case where every other tooth of a plurality of teeth is cut by one cutting blade, if the number of teeth is an odd number, one cutting blade is provided each time the toothed member is rotated once. The tooth to be cut will change. When cutting a toothed member having an odd number of teeth with a rotary tool having two cutting blades, or cutting a toothed member having an even number of teeth with a rotating tool having three cutting blades The same applies to the case where adjacent teeth are sequentially cut by adjacent cutting blades.
(5) The method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the number of teeth is a multiple of the number of cutting tools.
In the method of this section, when adjacent ones of a plurality of teeth are sequentially cut by adjacent ones of the plurality of cutting tools, cutting is performed for one tooth even if the toothed member is rotated once. The cutting tool to be used does not change.
(6) The direction of the relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool is a direction substantially perpendicular to the line of intersection between the tooth surface and the side surface, according to any one of (1) to (5) Method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member.
Even when the intersection line between the tooth surface and the side surface is a curve, the direction of relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool can be perpendicular to the intersection line at one point on the intersection line. It cannot be perpendicular to any part of. The above-mentioned “substantially perpendicular direction” includes this case, but is not limited to this. For example, the rotating tool and the toothed member avoid the interference with each other in the portion other than the blade and the tooth. The case where the relative movement direction of the toothed member and the rotary tool is intentionally tilted from the state is also included. Therefore, it can be rephrased as “a direction in which the relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool is closer to a direction perpendicular to the direction parallel to the line of intersection between the tooth surface and the side surface”.
In the case of the method of this section, the meshing guide surface is formed by a continuous cutting surface by one cutting blade, and there is an advantage that a smooth meshing guide surface can be obtained.
(7) The direction of the relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool is a direction substantially parallel to a line of intersection between a tooth surface and a side surface, according to any one of (1) to (5) A method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member.
In the case of this section, the explanation about the above section (6) is also applicable, and `` The direction of relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool is parallel to the direction perpendicular to the line of intersection between the tooth surface and the side surface. It can be rephrased as “close direction”.
In the case of the method of this section, the meshing guide surface may be formed as a set of a plurality of cutting marks formed by intermittent cutting with a cutting blade.
(8) The method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the toothed member is an internal toothed member.
If the toothed member is a spline member, the internal toothed member is an inner spline member, and if it is a gear, it is an internal gear.
(9) The method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the toothed member is an externally toothed member.
If the toothed member is a spline member, the external toothed member is an outer spline member, and if it is a gear, it is an external gear.
(10) Any one of the items (1) to (9), wherein a plurality of the rotary tools are used, and each of the rotary tools performs cutting in parallel at a plurality of positions separated in the circumferential direction of the toothed member. A method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member according to claim 1.
The cutting on the same side of each tooth may be performed in parallel at a plurality of positions separated in the circumferential direction, or the cutting on the opposite side of each tooth may be performed in parallel. In the former case, one meshing guide surface is formed by total cutting at a plurality of positions. In either case, the meshing guide surface is efficiently formed by performing cutting simultaneously with a plurality of rotary tools.
As described above, in the case of the method of the present invention, the meshing guide surface inevitably becomes a curved surface, but the meshing guide becomes closer to a plane as the rotational speed of the rotary tool is larger than the rotational speed of the toothed member. A surface is obtained. Therefore, reducing the number of cutting blades in the rotary tool and performing cutting in parallel at a plurality of positions is effective in efficiently forming a meshing guide surface close to a flat surface.
(11) A plurality of the rotary tools are used, and cutting is performed in parallel at two positions of the toothed member separated from each other in the diametrical direction by each of the rotary tools. A method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member according to any one of the above.
According to the method of this section, when the toothed member is an internal toothed member, it is possible to easily increase the turning radius of the cutting blade while avoiding interference between the rotating tools. Further, when this item is subordinate to the above item (6), if the toothed member is cut at the two diametrically spaced positions on the opposite sides of the tooth, the two rotary tools It is possible to use a relative movement device that relatively moves each of the toothed members and the toothed member.
(12) Two teeth having a plurality of teeth formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface and being switched between the meshing state and the disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction An apparatus for forming a meshing guide surface for guiding meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth of the toothed member,
A toothed member rotating device that holds the at least one toothed member and continuously rotates the toothed member around the center line of the toothed member;
A tool rotating device for continuously rotating a rotary tool having one or more cutting blades around a center line of the rotary tool;
A relative movement device for relatively moving the toothed member and the rotating tool by relatively moving the toothed member rotating device and the tool rotating device;
By synchronously controlling the rotation of the toothed member rotating device and the tool rotating device, the angle defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the at least one toothed member on the one or more cutting blades. A rotation control unit for excising the part;
An engagement guide surface forming device for a toothed member, comprising: a relative movement control unit that controls the relative movement device so as to cut off the corner portion by cutting a plurality of times.
The apparatus of this section is suitable for carrying out the method for forming the meshing guide surface of the toothed member of the section (1). The features described in the items (2) to (11) are also applicable to the meshing guide surface forming device of this item.

  Several embodiments of the claimable invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition to the following examples, the claimable invention can be practiced in various modifications based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, including the aspects described in the above [Aspect of the Invention] section. .

  1 and 2 show a meshing guide surface forming apparatus as an embodiment of the claimable invention. In this meshing guide surface forming apparatus, the meshing guide surface forming method as one embodiment of the claimable invention is carried out. The meshing guide surface forming apparatus includes a toothed member rotating device 10 that rotates a toothed member, a tool rotating device 12, a tool rotating device moving device 14, and a control device 16. The toothed member rotating device 10 is provided on the base 18 and includes a holding unit 20 and a holding unit rotation driving device 22. The holding unit 20 is configured by, for example, a chuck such as a collet chuck or a three-claw chuck, and holds and releases the toothed member. The holding unit rotation driving device 22 uses the toothed member rotating motor 24 as a drive source, and rotates the holding unit 20 at an arbitrary angle in both forward and reverse directions around a single axis, for example, a vertical axis.

  The tool rotation device moving device 14 moves the tool rotation device 12 in one plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the holding unit 20, here two directions orthogonal to each other in a horizontal plane, and in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the holding unit 20. While being moved, it is rotated around an axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of the holding portion 20. One of the two directions, which is a plane including the rotation axis of the holding portion 20, which is vertical in the present embodiment and parallel to the plane extending in the left-right direction in FIG. 1, is the X-axis direction and the other. The direction perpendicular to the vertical plane, in FIG. 1, the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the Y-axis direction, the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the holding unit 20 and perpendicular to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is the Z-axis. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tool rotating device moving device 14 has an X-axis direction moving device 30 for moving the tool rotating device 12 in each of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, as shown in FIGS. A Y-axis direction moving device 32, a Z-axis direction moving device 34, and a tool rotating device rotating device 36 for rotating around an axis parallel to the Y-axis direction are included.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the X-axis direction moving device 30 includes an X-axis slide 40 and an X-axis slide drive device 42. The X-axis slide drive device 42 includes an X-axis movement motor 44 as a drive source and a feed screw mechanism 48 including a ball screw 46 and a nut 47, and the ball screw 46 is rotated by the X-axis movement motor 44. The X-axis slide 40 is moved to an arbitrary position in the X-axis direction while being guided by a pair of guide rails 50 provided on the base 18 and constituting a guide device.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the Y-axis direction moving device 32 is provided on the X-axis slide 40 and includes a Y-axis slide 54 and a Y-axis slide drive device 56. The Y-axis slide driving device 56 is configured in the same manner as the X-axis slide moving device 42, includes a Y-axis moving motor 58, and a feed screw mechanism 62 including a ball screw 60 and a nut 61. While being guided by a pair of guide rails 64 constituting the guide device, it is moved to an arbitrary position in the Y-axis direction. The Z-axis direction moving device 34 is provided on the Y-axis slide 54 and includes a Z-axis slide 66 and a Z-axis slide drive device 68. The Z-axis slide drive device 68 is configured in the same manner as the X-axis slide drive device 42, includes a Z-axis movement motor 70, and a feed screw mechanism 74 including a ball screw 72 and a nut (not shown). The Z-axis slide 66 is moved to an arbitrary position in the Z-axis direction while being guided by the pair of guide rails 76 constituting the structure.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tool rotating device rotating device 36 is provided on the Z-axis slide 66 and includes a rotating plate 80 and a rotating plate driving device 82. The rotating plate 80 is held by the Z-axis slide 66 so as to be rotatable about a rotating axis parallel to the Y-axis direction. It can be rotated at an arbitrary angle in both reverse directions. The tool rotating device 12 includes an apparatus main body 86, a rotation shaft (not shown) rotatably held around the one axis by the apparatus main body 86, and a tool rotation motor 88 for rotating the rotation shaft. On the board 80, the rotation axis of the rotation axis is provided in a posture orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rotation board 80. The tool rotating device 12 is an axis that three-dimensionally intersects with the rotation axis of the holding portion 20 of the toothed member rotating device 10 by the rotation of the rotating plate 80. In this embodiment, the tool rotating device 12 rotates around a horizontal axis. The rotary tool is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the rotation axis. Of the two directions orthogonal to each other in one plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the holding unit 20, the plane including the rotation axis of the rotary tool, and in this embodiment, the direction parallel to the vertical plane is the X-axis direction. The direction perpendicular to the plane is the Y-axis direction.

  The rotary tool 94 is detachably held by the rotary shaft of the tool rotating device 12 and is continuously rotated about its own center line, which is an axis perpendicular to the rotary axis of the rotary plate 80. As shown in FIG. 3, the rotary tool 94 includes a tool main body 96 and a cutting tool 98 as a cutting blade held by the tool main body 96. The tool body 96 has a circular cross-sectional shape, and a fitting hole 100 is formed at the tip of the tool body 96 so as to penetrate in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool body 96. As shown in FIG. 4, the fitting hole 100 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, the shank 102 of the cutting tool 98 is fitted together with the wedge member 104, and the female screw hole 106 formed in the tool body 96 in the radial direction. The male screw member 108 is screwed to the wedge member 104, and the leading end thereof is brought into contact with the wedge member 104. Thereby, the shank 102 is pressed against two mutually perpendicular side surfaces of the fitting hole 100 by the effect of the inclined surfaces 110 and 112 provided on the shank 102 and the wedge member 104, respectively, and the cutting tool 98 is moved to the tool body 96. It is firmly fixed in a posture perpendicular to the axis of In this state where the cutting tool 98 is held by the tool main body 96, the blade portion 114 is protruded from the tool main body 96 and turned around the rotation axis of the rotary tool 94.

  The control device 16 is mainly composed of a computer, and controls various actuators constituting the meshing guide surface forming device such as the motors 24, 44, 58, 70, 84, and 88 through a drive circuit. These motors 24 and the like are constituted by servo motors with an encoder, which is a kind of electric rotary motor. The servo motor is an electric motor capable of accurately controlling the rotation angle, and can also control the rotation speed. A step motor may be used instead of the servo motor. As will be described below, the toothed member and the rotary tool 94 are rotated in synchronization with each other, and the cutting of the toothed member of the rotary tool 94 into the teeth is performed in accordance with the rotational speed of the toothed member. Therefore, for the rotation and cutting, it is necessary that the drive source be capable of speed control like a servo motor, but the X axis and Y axis directions with respect to the toothed member of the rotary tool 94 are required. The positioning of the rotary tool 94 and the adjustment (rotation) of the direction of the rotation axis of the rotary tool 94 do not require synchronization, so it is not indispensable to use a servo motor as a drive source. For example, a hydraulic cylinder such as a hydraulic cylinder is used In addition, using a stopper, for example, the piston or the X-axis slide 40, the Y-axis slide 54, and the turntable 80 may be positioned by abutting against the stopper to adjust the direction. There. Alternatively, the operator may rotate the screw or worm by hand, move and rotate the X-axis slide 40 or the like, and position and adjust the direction. In this case, it is desirable to provide a locking device so that the screw or worm does not rotate after positioning or adjusting the orientation.

  With this meshing guide surface forming device, for example, meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed on the plurality of splines 122 of the hub sleeve 120 shown in FIG. The hub sleeve 120 is a kind of inner spline member that is an internally toothed member, and constitutes a manual transmission of an automobile. The splines 122, which are a kind of teeth, are formed at equiangular intervals on the inner peripheral surface of the hub sleeve 120, but the hub sleeve 120 has a portion where the splines 122 are not provided. The number of splines 122 when the splines 122 are assumed to be formed at all the equiangular portions of the inner peripheral surface of the hub sleeve 120 may be even or odd. In any case, the number of splines 122 is a multiple of the number of cutting tools 98 of the rotary tool 94.

  The hub sleeve 120 is selectively meshed with external gears respectively disposed on both sides in the axial direction by movement in the axial direction. Each of these external gears is integrally provided with an outer spline portion, and the spline 122 is engaged with or engaged with the spline of the outer spline portion of one of the external gears by the axial movement of the hub sleeve 120. The hub sleeve 120 and the external gear are switched between the meshing state and the disengaged state. Therefore, each of the plurality of splines 122 of the hub sleeve 120 is formed with two meshing guide surfaces 124 at each of both end portions separated in the width direction (direction parallel to the center line of the hub sleeve 120). As shown in FIG. 6 at one end of the spline 122, the two meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed by cutting away two corners 130 defined by the pair of tooth surfaces 126 and side surfaces 128 of the spline 122. The These meshing guide surfaces 124 are opposite to each other around the center line of the hub sleeve 120.

  When the meshing guide surface 124 is formed, the hub sleeve 120 is held by the holding portion 20 of the toothed member rotating device 10 so that the center line thereof is vertical and concentric with the rotation axis of the holding portion 20. The attached member rotating device 10 is continuously rotated around its own center line. Further, the rotating plate 80 of the tool rotating device rotating device 36 is rotated, and the direction of the rotation axis of the rotating tool 94 held by the tool rotating device 12 is adjusted. The tool rotation axis is adjusted in a direction perpendicular to the meshing guide surface 124 that is scheduled to be formed on one of the two corners 130 of the spline 122. Further, the tool rotating device 12 is moved by the moving devices 30 and 32 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and is positioned at predetermined positions with respect to the hub sleeve 120 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

  In this state, the control device 16 controls the toothed member rotating motor 24, the Z-axis moving motor 70, and the tool rotating motor 88, so that the hub sleeve 120 and the rotating tool 94 are continuous around their respective center lines. The tool rotating device 12 is fed in a direction in which the rotating tool 94 cuts into the corner portion 130 in the Z-axis direction. The blade portion 114 of the cutting tool 98 held by the rotary tool 94 is turned around the rotation axis of the rotary tool 94, and the corner portion 130 is cut at a position where the turning locus interferes with the spline 122. In this case, the spline 122 is pulled out and no cutting is performed. Therefore, even if the rotary tool 94 is not retracted from the hub sleeve 120 by being retracted in the Z-axis direction, the state in which the corner portion 130 of the spline 122 remains at the cutting position for cutting and does not interfere with the spline 122 is obtained. As a result, the rotation of the hub sleeve 120 while the cutting tool 98 is swung in the non-cutting region moves the spline 122 where the corner portion 130 is to be cut next to the cutting position where the corner portion 130 is cut by the cutting tool 98. Can be made.

  In this embodiment, the rotational speed of the hub sleeve 120 and the rotational speed of the rotary tool 94 are selected so that the adjacent splines 122 are sequentially cut by the cutting tool 98 in the arrangement order thereof. The turning radius of the blade 114 of the cutting tool 98 and the number of the splines 122 of the hub sleeve 120 (the hub) so that the condition that the hub sleeve 120 rotates by one spline while the blade 114 is detached from the hub sleeve 120 is satisfied. The sleeve 120 has a part where the spline 122 is not provided. However, the spline 122 is assumed when the spline 122 is formed at all the equiangular parts of the inner peripheral surface of the hub sleeve 120. The rotational speeds of the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 are set based on the number of In the present embodiment, the hub sleeve 120 held by the toothed member rotating device 10 and the rotary tool 94 held by the tool rotating device 12 are in a state where their relative rotational phases are set to a set phase. You can start rotation at the same time. The set relative rotational phase is a relative rotational phase in which the spline 122 where the corner portion 130 is to be cut next is at the cutting position and the corner portion 130 is cut by the bite 98 when turning in the cutting region of the cutting tool 98. After the start of rotation, the rotational speeds of the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 are increased to the selected rotational speed at a speed ratio in which the relative rotational phase between the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 is maintained at the set phase. When the cutting tool 98 is cut into the corner portion 130, the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 are rotated at a set relative rotational phase and a constant rotational speed, respectively. Further, according to the rotational speed of the hub sleeve 120, the moving speed of the rotary tool 94 in the Z-axis direction, that is, the amount of cut into the corner 130 during one rotation of the hub sleeve 120 is set. As a result, one corner of the spline 122 is cut for each rotation of the rotary tool 94, and each corner 130 of all the splines 122 is partially cut by one rotation of the hub sleeve 120. The The rotary tool 94 has its rotational axis perpendicular to the meshing guide surface 124 and is moved toward the hub sleeve 120 in the Z-axis direction, so that the tooth surface 126 and the side surface 128 of the spline 122 intersect. The corner portion 130 is cut by being moved in a direction perpendicular to the line. The cutting direction of the corner portion 130 by the cutting tool 98 may be a direction in which the corner portion 130 is scraped from below or a direction in which the corner portion 130 is scraped from above.

  The corner portion 130 is cut out in a plurality of times. Finally, if the feeding of the rotary tool 94 in the Z-axis direction is stopped and the hub sleeve 120 is rotated one or more times, all the corner portions 130 are set to the set amount. The meshing guide surface 124 is formed by cutting. When the meshing guide surface 124 is formed, the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 are rotated at a set relative rotational phase and a constant rotational speed, respectively, and the relative positions of each of the plurality of splines 122 and the cutting tool 98 are all set. Cutting is performed in the same state with respect to the spline 122. There is a portion where the spline 122 is not provided on the inner peripheral surface of the hub sleeve 120. When this portion reaches the cutting position, the cutting tool 98 passes through the hub sleeve 120 without cutting.

  Since the hub sleeve 120 is continuously rotated and the corner portion 130 is rotated during cutting by the blade portion 114, the meshing guide surface 124 is curved, but the rotation speed of the hub sleeve 120 (the rotation of the corner portion 130). Since the rotational speed of the rotary tool 94 (the turning speed of the cutting tool 98) is extremely high as compared with the (speed), the bending is very slight, and the meshing guide surface 124 that can be considered as a substantially flat surface is obtained.

  After the meshing guide surface 124 is formed, the rotary tool 94 is retracted in the Z-axis direction and separated from the hub sleeve 120, and the rotation of the rotary tool 94 and the hub sleeve 120 is stopped. Thereafter, the rotary tool 94 is moved to positions separated in the diameter direction of the hub sleeve 120 by the Y-axis direction moving device 32 without changing the direction of the rotation axis. Then, the other corner portion 130 is formed in the same manner as when the meshing guide surface 124 is formed with respect to one corner portion 130. While the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 are continuously rotated in synchronization with each other, the rotary tool 94 is fed in the Z-axis direction and cut into the corner portion 130, and the other one end portion of all the splines 122 is turned on. A meshing guide surface 124 is formed at the corner 130. The rotational speeds of the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 and the moving speed of the rotary tool 94 in the Z-axis direction are the same as when the meshing guide surface 124 is formed on one corner 130, and the other corner 130 is cut. Is performed in the same manner as the cutting of one corner 130. However, the relative rotational phase between the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 can be changed as necessary. Further, the cutting direction of the corner portion 130 by the cutting tool 98 changes. If the cutting direction of one corner 130 is the direction of scraping from below, the cutting direction of the other corner 130 is changed to the direction of scraping from above.

  As a result of the above-described cutting process, two meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed at one end of each spline 122 so as to be opposite to each other with respect to the circumferential direction of the hub sleeve 120, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). It is formed symmetrically. As a result, a flat portion perpendicular to the axis of the hub sleeve 120 remains on the original side of the spline 122, but meshes without leaving the above-described flat portion on the tip side, which meshes with the spline of the outer spline portion. A guide surface 124 is formed, and as shown in FIG. 6C, the ridge line that is the intersection line of the two meshing guide surfaces 124 is the central side in the axial direction of the hub sleeve 120 toward the tip surface 132 side of the spline 122. It is inclined to approach the direction. Thus, when the two meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed symmetrically with respect to the ridgeline, when the spline 122 of the hub sleeve 120 is meshed with a spline having the same meshing guide surface of the outer spline portion, The meshing is guided well and the maximum relative rotation angle when meshing between the hub sleeve 120 and the outer spline portion can be small.

  If the two meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed at one end of each spline 122 of the hub sleeve 120, the holding posture of the hub sleeve 120 by the holding portion 20 is reversed upside down, and the other end of each spline 122 is Two meshing guide surfaces 124 are formed for the part. The mesh guide surfaces 124 are formed in the same manner as the mesh guide surfaces 124 for one end. The hub sleeve 120 is reversed by, for example, an operator. An inversion device may be provided to automatically invert the hub sleeve 120.

  In addition to the hub sleeve 120, for example, an outer spline member, an outer spline portion provided integrally with an external gear, and a plurality of splines are equiangular on both the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface. A meshing guide surface can be formed for the splines of the inner and outer spline members formed at intervals.

  As is apparent from the above description, in the present embodiment, the Z-axis direction moving device 34 constitutes a relative moving device for moving the toothed member and the rotary tool 94 relative to each other, and the control device 16 is used for rotating the toothed member. The rotation of the motor 24 and the tool rotating motor 88 is controlled synchronously, and the portion that rotates the hub sleeve 120 and the rotating tool 94 in synchronization constitutes a rotation control unit, controls the Z-axis moving motor 70, and controls the Z-axis. A portion that controls the direction moving device 34 to cut the cutting tool 98 into the spline 122 by a set amount constitutes a relative movement control unit.

  The relative rotation phase between the hub sleeve 120 and the rotary tool 94 is not indispensable from the start of rotation, but after the start of rotation until the rotary tool 94 starts cutting into the corner portion 130. You may make it match | combine with the set relative rotational phase.

Another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As schematically shown in FIG. 7, the meshing guide surface forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of splines 150 in each of the outer spline members 152 in which even-numbered splines 150 are formed at equal angular intervals on the outer peripheral surface. This is an apparatus for forming a meshing guide surface in parallel by two rotary tools 154. Each of these rotary tools 154, like the rotary tool 94, holds one cutting tool 156 as a cutting blade and can be rotated around each center line by the tool main body 158 of the tool rotating device. They are held at a distance in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and each is rotated by a dedicated tool rotation motor (not shown). The two rotary tools 154 are provided in parallel to each other, and the distance between them is meshed simultaneously in parallel for each of the two splines 150 that are separated in the diameter direction among the even-numbered splines 150 of the outer spline member 152. It is the distance that forms the guide surface. The other structure of this meshing guide surface forming apparatus is the same as that of the meshing guide surface forming apparatus of the said Example.

  Even when the mesh guide surface is formed on the spline 150 of the outer spline member 152 by the mesh guide surface forming device, as in the case of forming the mesh guide surface 124 on the spline 122 of the hub sleeve 120 serving as the inner spline member, the outer guide line is formed. The spline member 152 is rotatably held around the vertical axis by the toothed member rotating device, and the tool rotating device is moved and rotated by the X-axis and Y-axis moving devices and the tool rotating device rotating device. The two rotary tools 154 are positioned with respect to the outer spline member 152 in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and each rotary axis is adjusted to a posture that is perpendicular to the engagement guide surface that is scheduled to be formed. .

  In that state, while the two rotary tools 154 and the outer spline member 152 are rotated continuously and in synchronization with each other, the tool rotating device is sent in the Z-axis direction, and the two rotary tools 154 are respectively Cut into the corner of the spline 150. The two rotary tools 154 are rotated in the opposite directions and at the same speed, and the cutting is performed in parallel at two positions of the outer spline member 152 that are diametrically separated from each other. The relative positions of each of the two rotary tools 154 with the cutting tools 156 are the same for all the splines 150. Then, one of the two corners at one end of the spline 150 is cut by one of the two rotary tools 154, and the other corner is cut by the other rotary tool 154 to form an engagement guide surface. Is done. This cutting is also performed in parallel at two positions separated in the circumferential direction of the outer spline member 152 by each of the two rotary tools 154. The outer spline member 152 is rotated a set number of times and When the rotary tool 154 is cut into the outer spline member 152 by a set amount, meshing guide surfaces are formed simultaneously at two corners of each end of all the splines 150.

In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, also about an inner spline member, similarly to an outer spline member, by the meshing guide surface formation apparatus provided with two rotary tools, it cuts simultaneously in two places separated in the diameter direction, and a spline. The meshing guide surface may be formed at the same time for the two corners of one end of the.
In addition, a position adjusting device that adjusts the distance between the two rotary tools is provided, and the meshing guide surface forming device is divided into two splines separated in the diameter direction of a plurality of types of outer spline members having different diameters by the two rotary tools. It is good also as a general purpose meshing guide surface formation apparatus which forms a meshing guide surface simultaneously. According to this meshing guide surface forming device, it is possible to simultaneously form a meshing guide surface for two splines separated in the diameter direction of a plurality of types of inner spline members having different diameters. A forming device is obtained.

  For the toothed member having the odd number of teeth, the meshing guide surface can be formed in parallel with the plurality of teeth by the meshing guide surface forming device having a plurality of rotary tools. For example, in a meshing guide surface forming apparatus having two rotary tools, the rotary tools are provided such that the direction of the rotation axis and the position of the cutting tool can be independently adjusted, and two corners at one end of the tooth are provided. Among the parts, it is perpendicular to the meshing guide surface that is scheduled to be formed at a different corner, and is adjusted to a relative position where the cutting of the meshing guide surface is finished simultaneously by feeding in the common Z-axis direction, and processing is performed. Make it.

  The rotary tool may be provided with a plurality of cutting blades concentrated on a partial region in the circumferential direction. For example, the rotary tool 180 schematically shown in FIG. 8 includes three cutting tools 182 each serving as a cutting blade. These tools 182 are integrally provided with a shank 184 and are fixed to the tool body 186 in the same manner as the tool 98 is fixed to the tool body 96. The blade portions 188 of the three cutting tools 182 are provided at equiangular intervals in a partial region of the circumference centered on a point on the rotation axis of the rotary tool 180, and the blade edges are positioned on the same circumference. In addition, the position is different in the direction parallel to the rotation axis, and the upstream cutting tool 182 is provided so that the position of the cutting blade is higher, that is, the toothed member side.

  Therefore, when the rotary tool 180 is rotated and cut into the corner of the tooth, the upstream cutting tool 182 further cuts the portion cut by the downstream cutting tool 182 in the rotation direction, and the three cutting tools 182 are cut. Thus, one corner is continuously cut three times. The amount of movement of the rotary tool 180 relative to the toothed member in the cutting direction is three times that in the case where the meshing guide surface is formed by the rotary tool provided with one cutting tool, and the amount and angle are three times that of the toothed member. The portion can be cut off, and the meshing guide surface can be formed quickly. The toothed member and the rotary tool 180 are rotated continuously and synchronously, and the region where the three cutting tools 182 of the rotary tool 180 are not provided passes through the vicinity of the toothed member, The tooth whose part is to be cut is moved to the cutting position.

  In addition, when forming two meshing guide surfaces at one end of the teeth, the meshing guide surfaces may be formed asymmetrically in the circumferential direction. The direction with respect to the corner | angular part of a rotary tool at the time of cutting two corner | angular parts of the one end part of a tooth | gear is set for every corner | angular part, and the meshing guide surface of a predetermined inclination is formed.

  In addition, the meshing guide surface may be formed only on one of both end portions of the tooth that are separated in the axial direction of the toothed member, or may be formed on only one at least one end portion. The meshing guide surface is formed so as to reach from one of the pair of tooth surfaces of the teeth to the other.

Furthermore, you may provide a some rotary tool so that cutting may be performed in parallel in two positions 90 degree apart in the circumferential direction of the toothed member.
Further, when a cutting tool is used as the cutting blade, the blade portion may be constituted by a throw-away tip.

  Further, the meshing guide surface may be formed by relatively moving the toothed member and the rotary tool in a direction substantially parallel to the line of intersection with the side surface of the tooth surface. The meshing guide surface can be formed by, for example, a meshing guide surface forming device having the same configuration as the meshing guide surface forming device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. At the time of forming the meshing guide surface in this meshing guide surface forming device, the rotary tool is adjusted such that the direction of the rotational axis is perpendicular to the meshing guide surface scheduled to be formed at the corners, and X Positioned at predetermined positions in the axial direction and the Z-axis direction, the relative movement control unit controls the Y-axis direction moving device, feeds the rotary tool at a predetermined speed in the Y-axis direction, and feeds it in the direction of the teeth. Thus, the control unit is configured to cut off the corners.

It is a front view which cuts off a part and shows the meshing guide surface forming apparatus which is one Example of the claimable invention. It is a side view which shows the meshing guide surface formation apparatus shown in FIG. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the rotary tool used for formation of the meshing guide surface by the meshing guide surface formation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the part to which the cutting tool was fixed. It is a figure which cut | disconnects and shows the part fixed to the tool main body of the cutting tool in the rotary tool shown in FIG. 3 in the cut surface parallel to an axis. It is a perspective view which shows the hub sleeve by which a meshing guide surface is formed by the meshing guide surface formation apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a view showing a mesh guide surface formed on the spline of the hub sleeve by the mesh guide surface forming device shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 6 (a) is a front view, FIG. 6 (b) is a plan view, and FIG. c) is a side view. It is a figure which shows schematically the meshing guide surface formation apparatus which is another Example. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the rotary tool which is another Example in the part to which the cutting tool was fixed.

Explanation of symbols

  10: Toothed member rotating device 12: Tool rotating device 14: Tool rotating device moving device 16: Control device 94: Rotary tool 98: Tool 120: Hub sleeve 122: Spline 124: Engagement guide surface 126: Tooth surface 128: Side surface 130 : Corner portion 150: Spline 152: Outer spline member 154: Rotating tool 156: Tool 180: Rotating tool 182: Tool

Claims (7)

Two toothed members having a plurality of teeth formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, and being switched between an engaged state and a disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. A method of forming a meshing guide surface that guides the meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth,
While rotating at least one toothed member and a rotary tool provided with one or more cutting blades continuously and synchronously with each other around respective centerlines of the toothed member and the rotary tool, The toothed member and the rotary tool are moved relative to each other to cut away the corner defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the toothed member to form the meshing guide surface. A method for forming a meshing guide surface of a toothed member.   The rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotational speed of the rotary tool are cut with the relative positions of each of the plurality of teeth of the toothed member and each of the one or more cutting tools being the same for all teeth. The method for forming a meshing guide surface for a toothed member according to claim 1, wherein the selection is performed such that   The rotational speed of the toothed member and the rotational speed of the rotary tool are selected so that adjacent teeth are sequentially cut by one or a plurality of adjacent cutting blades in the order of arrangement. Or the meshing guide surface formation method of the toothed member of 2.   The meshing guide for the toothed member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a direction of the relative movement between the toothed member and the rotary tool is a direction substantially perpendicular to a line of intersection between the tooth surface and the side surface. Surface forming method.   The toothed member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of the rotating tools are used, and cutting is performed in parallel at a plurality of positions separated in a circumferential direction of the toothed member by each of the rotating tools. The meshing guide surface forming method.   The toothing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of the rotating tools are used, and each of the rotating tools performs cutting in parallel at two positions of the toothed member that are diametrically spaced from each other. A method for forming a meshing guide surface of a member. Two toothed members having a plurality of teeth formed at equiangular intervals on at least one of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface, and being switched between an engaged state and a disengaged state by being moved relative to each other in the axial direction. An apparatus for forming a meshing guide surface for guiding meshing of the teeth of the two toothed members at the time of transition from the disengaged state to the meshed state on the side surface of at least one tooth,
A toothed member rotating device that holds the at least one toothed member and continuously rotates the toothed member around the center line of the toothed member;
A tool rotating device for continuously rotating a rotary tool having one or more cutting blades around a center line of the rotary tool;
A relative movement device for relatively moving the toothed member and the rotating tool by relatively moving the toothed member rotating device and the tool rotating device;
By synchronously controlling the rotation of the toothed member rotating device and the tool rotating device, the angle defined by the tooth surface and the side surface of each tooth of the at least one toothed member on the one or more cutting blades. A rotation control unit for excising the part;
An engagement guide surface forming device for a toothed member, comprising: a relative movement control unit that controls the relative movement device so as to cut off the corner portion by cutting a plurality of times.

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