JP2008536002A - 原油生成物を製造するためのシステム、方法及び触媒 - Google Patents
原油生成物を製造するためのシステム、方法及び触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008536002A JP2008536002A JP2008506575A JP2008506575A JP2008536002A JP 2008536002 A JP2008536002 A JP 2008536002A JP 2008506575 A JP2008506575 A JP 2008506575A JP 2008506575 A JP2008506575 A JP 2008506575A JP 2008536002 A JP2008536002 A JP 2008536002A
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- catalyst
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012685 metal catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZDSWLXAULJYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mo+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O CZDSWLXAULJYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/107—Atmospheric residues having a boiling point of at least about 538 °C
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】原油原料を1種以上の触媒と接触させて原油生成物を含む全生成物を製造する方法。触媒の少なくとも1種は正味(bulk)金属触媒である。原油生成物は25℃、0.101MPaにおいて液体混合物である。原油生成物のMCR含有量は、原油原料のMCR含有量の90%以下である。原油生成物の他の1つ以上の特性を原油原料のそれぞれの特性に比べて10%以上変化できる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、一般には原油原料(crude feed)を処理するためのシステム、方法及び触媒に関する。更に詳しくは、ここで説明する特定の実施態様は、原油原料を、25℃、0.101MPaにおいて液体混合物であって、原油原料のそれぞれの特性と比べて変化した1種以上の特性を有する原油生成物を含む全生成物に転化するためのシステム、方法、及び触媒に関する。
原油を経済的に輸送できないか、或いは従来の設備を用いて処理できないような不適当な特性を1つ以上有する原油(crude)は、普通、“不利な原油”と言われている。
幾つかの実施態様では、本発明は、ミクロ炭素残留物(MCR)含有量(ASTM法D4530で測定)が原油原料1g当たり0.0001g以上である原油原料を1種以上の触媒と接触させて、25℃、0.101MPaにおいて液体混合物である原油生成物を含む全生成物を製造する工程であって、触媒の少なくとも1種は周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物であり、中央値細孔径が110Åを超える細孔サイズ分布を有し、かつ細孔径(ASTM法D4282で測定)が350Å以上の細孔が細孔容積(ASTM法D4282で測定)の10%以下を与える細孔容積を有する該工程、及び原油生成物のMCR含有量が原油原料のMCR含有量に対し90%以下となるように、接触条件を制御する工程を含む原油生成物の製造方法を提供する。
更なる実施態様では原油生成物は、ここで説明した方法及びシステムのいずれかにより得られる。
更なる実施態様では、ここで説明した方法及びシステムのいずれかにより輸送用燃料、加熱用燃料、潤滑剤又は化学薬品が得られる。
本発明の利点は、以下の詳細な説明により、更に添付図面を参照して当業者に明らかになろう。
図1は、接触システムの一実施態様の概略図である。
図2A及び2Bは、2つの接触帯を有する接触システムの一実施態様の概略図である。
図3A及び3Bは、3つの接触帯を有する接触システムの一実施態様の概略図である。
図4は、分離帯と接触システムとを組合わせた一実施態様の概略図である。
図5は、配合帯と接触システムとを組合わせた一実施態様の概略図である。
図6は、分離帯と接触システムと配合帯とを組合わせた一実施態様の概略図である。
前記課題は、ここで説明したシステム、方法及び触媒を用いて対応できる。例えば原油原料のMCR含有量及び/又は窒素含有量に比べてMCR含有量及び/又は窒素含有量の少ない原油生成物は、原油原料を、中央値細孔径が110Åを超える細孔サイズ分布を有し、かつ細孔径が350Å以上の細孔が細孔容積の10%以下を与える細孔容積を有する触媒と接触させて製造される。原油原料の窒素含有量に比べて窒素含有量の少ない原油生成物は、原油原料を未焼成触媒と接触させて製造される。原油原料の有機酸金属塩中の金属含有量に比べて有機酸金属塩中の金属含有量の少ない原油生成物は、原油原料を、第5〜10欄金属及びθ−アルミナを含む触媒と接触させて製造される。原油原料のMCR含有量に比べてMCR含有量の少ない原油生成物は、原油原料を正味(bulk)金属触媒と接触させて製造される。
“ASTM”とは、American Standard Testing and Materialsを言う。
“API比重”とは、15.5℃(60°F)でのAPI比重を言う。API比重はASTM法D6822で測定する。
原油原料及び原油生成物の水素原子%及び炭素%は、ASTM法D5291で測定する。
“バインダー”とは、小粒子と組合わせて、これより大きい物質(例えばブロック又はペレット)を形成する基質を言う。
“正味金属触媒”とは、少なくとも1種の金属を含む触媒を言い、担体又は支持体を必要としない。
“第X欄金属”とは、周期表第X欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第X欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物を言う。ここで第X欄は周期表の欄番号(例えば1〜12)に相当する。例えば“第6欄金属”とは、周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物を言う。
“原油原料/全生成物混合物”とは、処理中、触媒を接触させる混合物を言う。
“蒸留物”とは、0.101MPaにおいて204℃(400°F)〜343℃(650°F)の沸点範囲分布を有する炭化水素を言う。蒸留物含有量はASTM法D5307で測定する。
“LHSV”とは、触媒の全容積当たり液体供給原料の容積割合(速度)を言い、時間(h_1)で表す。触媒の全容積は、ここで説明した接触帯中の全ての触媒の容積を合計して算出する。
“周期表”とは、International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)で2003年11月に規定された周期表を言う。
“ナフサ”とは、0.101MPaにおいて38℃(100°F)〜200℃(392°F)の沸点範囲分布を有する炭化水素を言う。ナフサ含有量は、ASTM法D5307で測定する。
“Ni/V/Fe含有量”とは、ニッケル、バナジウム、鉄、又はそれらの組合わせの含有量を言う。Ni/V/Fe含有量はASTM法D5708で測定する。
“Nm3/m3 ”とは、原油原料1m3当たりガスの標準m3を言う。
“非凝縮性ガス”とは、STPにおいてガスである成分及び/又は成分の混合物を言う。
平均細孔径=(40,000×合計細孔容積cm3/g)/(表面積m2/g)
“SCFB”とは、原油原料1バレル当たりガスの標準立方フィートを言う。
触媒の“表面積”は、ASTM法D3663で測定する。
“VGO”とは、沸点範囲分布が0.101MPaにおいて343℃(650°F)〜538℃(1000°F)の炭化水素を言う。VGO含有量はASTM法D5307で測定する。
“粘度”とは、37.8℃(100°F)での動粘度を言う。粘度はASTM法D445で測定する。
原油は、炭化水素含有配合物から製造及び/又は乾留(retort)し、次いで安定化してよい。原油は、一般に固体、半固体、及び/又は液体である。原油は生原油(crude oil)を含有してよい。安定化法としては、限定されるものではないが、原油から非凝縮性ガス、水、塩、固体又はそれらの組合わせを除去して、安定化原油を形成する方法が挙げられる。このような安定化は、多くの場合、製造及び/又は乾留場所又はその近辺で行ってよい。
図2及び図3は、2つ又は3つの接触帯を有する接触システム100の実施態様の概略図である。図2A、2Bにおいて、接触システム100は上流接触帯102及び下流接触帯114を有する。図3A、3Bでは、接触帯102、114、116を有する。図2A、3Aでは、接触帯102、114、116は一反応器中で別々の接触帯として示す。原油原料は原油原料導管104経由で上流接触帯102に入る。
特定の実施態様では原油生成物における有機酸金属塩中のアルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属の含有量は、原油原料における有機酸金属塩中のアルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属の含有量は、原油生成物1g当たり約1×10−7〜約5×10−5g、約5×10−7〜約1×10−5g、又は約1×10−6〜約5×10−6gの範囲である。
幾つかの実施態様では原油生成物は、ナフサを原油生成物1g当たり0.001g以上又は0.01g以上含有してよい。他の実施態様では原油生成物は、ナフサを原油生成物1g当たり0.6g以下又は0.8g以下の含有量で含有してよい。
特定の実施態様では原油生成物のVGO含有量は、原油生成物1g当たり約0.00001〜約0.8g、約0.001〜約0.5g、約0.005〜約0.4g、又は約0.01〜約0.3gの範囲である。
担持触媒は、一般に公知の触媒製造法を用いて製造される。触媒製造法の例は、Gabrielov等のUSP 6,218,333、Gabrielov等のUSP 6,290,841、Boon等のUSP 5,744,025、及びBhan等の米国特許出願公告No.2003/0111391に記載されている。
幾つかの実施態様では金属溶液は、鉱酸及び/又は有機酸を用いてpH3以下の所望のpHに調節してよい。鉱酸としては、限定されるものではないが、燐酸、硝酸、硫酸又はそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
第一触媒、第二触媒、第三触媒、第四触媒及び第五触媒の他の実施態様は、特にここで説明したように、作る、及び/又は使用してよい。
ここで説明した触媒は、原油原料/全生成物混合物の安定性を維持しながら、及び/又は触媒の寿命を維持しながら、MCR含有量低下、及び/又は高温高圧での粘度低下を容易にする可能性が或る。
Demokos等の米国特許出願公告No.US2004/0182749に記載されるようにして正味金属触媒を製造した。5リットルオートクレーブ(Modimex実験用オートクレーブ)中で撹拌しながら(800rpm)、水(2250g)にジモリブデン酸アンモニウム(256.1g;ジモリブデン酸アンモニウム1g当たりモリブデンを0.565g含有)及び炭酸ニッケル(220.5g)を加えた。これら金属化合物を添加後、オートクレーブを閉じ、加圧下で約80℃に加熱した。
固体を1.3mmのダイプレートで押出し、次に300℃で1時間熱処理した。得られた正味金属触媒は、触媒1g当たり三酸化モリブデンを0.53g、酸化ニッケルを0.27g及び酸化珪素を0.20g含有していた。
中央にサーモウエルを配置した管状反応器にサーモカップルを備えて触媒床中の温度を測定した。触媒床は、反応器のサーモウエルと内壁間の空間に触媒及び炭化珪素(20−グリッド、Stanford Materials、カナダのAliso Viejo)を充填して形成した。このような炭化珪素は、ここで説明した処理条件下では触媒特性があっても、低いと考えられる。全ての触媒を炭化珪素と等容量で混合してから、この混合物を反応器の接触帯部に入れた。反応器への原油原料流は、反応器の塔頂から塔底までである。炭化珪素は塔底支持体として役立たせるため、反応器の塔底に配置した。塔底触媒/炭化珪素混合物(36cm3)を、前記炭化珪素の頂部に配置して塔底接触帯を形成した。ここで塔底触媒は、例1に記載のようにして製造した。
例2は、原油原料と1種以上の触媒との制御された接触条件での接触により、原油生成物を含む全生成物が製造されることを示す。触媒の少なくとも1種は、第5〜10欄金属触媒を0.3g以上含有すると共に、バインダーを含有する。原油生成物は、原油原料に比べてMCRが低く、Ni/V/Fe含有量が少なく、硫黄含有量が少なく、窒素含有量が少なく、C5アスファルテンが少なく、また酸素含有量も少なかった。
本願で述べた正味金属触媒及び/又は他の触媒(原油原料100g当たり触媒0.0001〜約5g又は約0.02〜約4g)は、幾つかの実施態様では原油原料でスラリー化し、以下の条件下で反応させてよい。温度=約85〜約425℃(約185〜約797°F)の範囲、圧力=約0.5〜10MPa、及び水素源対原油原料比=約16〜約1600Nm3/m3所定時間。原油生成物を製造するのに充分な時間反応させた後、原油生成物は、濾過器及び/又は遠心器のような分離装置を用いて触媒及び/又は残留原油原料から分離される。原油生成物は、TAN、鉄、ニッケル、及び/又はバナジウム含有量が変化し、また原油原料に比べてMCR含有量が減少し、原油原料に比べてC5アスファルテン含有量が減少する可能性がある。
101 原油原料供給部
102 上流接触帯
104 原油供給導管
106 ガス導管
108 下流分離帯
112 原油生成物導管
114 下流接触帯
116 追加の下流接触帯
120 上流分離帯
122 原油導管
124 分離帯
126 追加の原油原料導管
130 配合帯
132 流れ導管
134 ブレンド導管
140 配合帯
148 接触システム
Claims (15)
- ミクロ炭素残留物(MCR)含有量(ASTM法D4530で測定)が原油原料1g当たり0.0001g以上である原油原料を1種以上の触媒と接触させて、25℃、0.101MPaにおいて液体混合物である原油生成物を含む全生成物を製造する工程であって、触媒の少なくとも1種は、周期表第6〜10欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第6〜10欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物を触媒1g当たり0.3g以上と、バインダーとを含む第6〜10欄金属触媒である該工程、及び
原油生成物のMCR含有量が原油原料のMCR含有量に対し90%以下になるように、温度、圧力、原油原料流又はそれらの組合わせからなる接触条件を制御する工程、
を含む原油生成物の製造方法。 - 第6〜10欄金属触媒が、周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第6欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第6〜10欄金属触媒が、周期表第7〜10欄の1種以上の金属及び/又は周期表第7〜10欄の1種以上の金属の1種以上の化合物を含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- バインダーが、シリカ、アルミナ、シリカ/アルミナ、二酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム、又はそれらの混合物を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第6〜10欄金属触媒が非晶質である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原油生成物のMCR含有量が原油原料のMCR含有量に対し80%以下、50%以下、30%以下、又は10%以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原油原料が、MCRを原油原料1g当たり0.0001〜0.5g、0.005〜0.1g、又は0.01〜0.05g含有する請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原油生成物が、MCRを原油生成物1g当たり0.00001〜0.1g、0.0001〜0.05g、又は0.001〜0.005g含有する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原油原料がC5アスファルテンも含有し、原油生成物のC5アスファルテン含有量(ASTM法D2007で測定)が、原油原料のC5アスファルテン含有量に対し90%以下、80%以下、70%以下、50%以下、30%以下、又は10%以下である請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 接触が水素源の存在下で行なわれ、かつ水素源流れの接触条件が原油生成物を製造するため、制御される請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 接触条件が、50〜500℃の範囲の温度、1〜20MPaの範囲の全圧、0.05h−1以上の時間当たり液体の空間速度、及び0.1〜100,000Nm3/m3の範囲のガス状水素源対原油原料比を含む請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 1種以上の触媒が、100Å以上の中央値細孔径を有する第一追加触媒を更に含有する請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 1種以上の触媒が、180Å以上の中央値細孔径を有する第二追加触媒を更に含有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 原油生成物を、原油原料と同じか又は異なる原油と配合して、ブレンドを形成する工程を更に含む請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 原油生成物又はブレンドを処理して輸送用燃料、加熱用燃料、潤滑剤、又は化学薬品を製造する工程を更に含む請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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- 2006-04-07 US US11/399,843 patent/US20060234876A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-04-07 CN CNA2006800146948A patent/CN101166807A/zh active Pending
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- 2006-04-07 JP JP2008506575A patent/JP2008536002A/ja not_active Abandoned
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| WO2006110659A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
| BRPI0609411A2 (pt) | 2011-10-11 |
| EP1885822A2 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| CA2604011A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
| NL2000052A1 (nl) | 2006-10-12 |
| US20060234876A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
| CN101166807A (zh) | 2008-04-23 |
| WO2006110659A3 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| NL2000052C2 (nl) | 2007-07-27 |
| KR20070120595A (ko) | 2007-12-24 |
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