JP2008011752A - Hydroponic apparatus and method for root vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a nourishing liquid cultivation apparatus and a nourishing liquid cultivation method for root vegetables capable of improving the yield per unit area as compared with conventional soil cultivation without the need for replanting young seedlings.
SOLUTION: A nutrient solution 2 is disposed at the bottom of a cultivation container 1 having a required depth and opened at the top, and a material having water absorption from the nutrient solution 2 toward the upper opening of the cultivation container 1. After arranging the culture medium 3 consisting of the above, the seedling is planted at a predetermined position near the upper opening of the culture medium 3, and the nutrient solution 2 is circulated in a state where the lower part is covered with the light shielding member 4 from the root part of the seedling, The roots rooted from the roots of the seedlings are extended into the inside of the medium 3, and the tuberous roots C generated from the roots are grown in the space S between the mediums 3 and 3 and the nutrient solution 2 at the bottom.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a nourishing liquid cultivation apparatus and a nourishing liquid cultivation method for root vegetables that can improve the yield even in limited land such as rooftop greening and home gardening.

  In recent years, with the introduction of NFT cultivation and rock wool cultivation originating in Europe, interest in solution cultivation has increased in Japan, and many crops, especially horticultural crops, have been developed by nutrient solution (solution or hydroponics) cultivation. The almost annual cultivation is possible (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2). Moreover, this hydroponics is also utilized for production of seed potatoes such as potatoes (see Patent Document 3, etc.).

  On the other hand, as a part of global warming countermeasures, root vegetables such as sweet potatoes (sweet potato, Satsuma potato) with strong carbon dioxide assimilation are attracting attention. As a countermeasure against heat island, hydroponics is studied on the rooftop of a building or at home. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 1 etc.)

According to this study, after harvesting sweet potato seedlings with a seedling growth period of about 60 days from germination to adult seedlings in the same manner as before, they were temporarily planted on a seedbed mainly composed of sand for about 20 to 25 days. Then, the seedlings whose roots have been extended to 30 to 40 cm are dug up, and as shown in FIG. It has been reported that tuberous roots can be grown in the space S above the nutrient solution layer. In addition, the code | symbol 1 in a figure is a cultivation container, 2 is a nutrient solution (layer), 5 is a cover member, A is a leaf stalk of sweet potato, B is a sweet potato root, C is a sweet potato tuberous root.
JP-A-9-56283 JP 2005-198563 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-284864 Tsutomu Kamiwada, “Study on hydroponic cultivation of sweet potatoes”, Journal of Japan Society for Biological Environmental Regulation, 1990, 28, p. 135-140

  By the way, the above-mentioned hydroponics method for root vegetables requires the seedling to be seeded from the nursery at an appropriate stage where a plurality of leaves have been deployed, and to replant the seedling in the medium, as in conventional soil cultivation. There is. However, this seedling and planting work is time-consuming, and depending on the type of root vegetable, the yield may be affected by the timing (timing) of the seedling, which makes it difficult to determine the seedling time. It was.

  In particular, in the case of sweet potatoes, the number of tuberous roots that can be produced from a single seedling is determined at the time of planting (replanting) depending on the seedling growing method and growth state, and the tuberous roots are in water (nourishing liquid). It is known that it does not grow when immersed.

  The present invention has been made in order to address the above-described problems, and does not require replanting of young seedlings, and it is possible to nourish root vegetables that can improve the yield per unit area compared to conventional soil cultivation. It aims at providing a liquid culture apparatus and a hydroponics method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is an apparatus for cultivating root vegetables with a nutrient solution flowing in a cultivation container, having a required depth and having its upper part opened. The nutrient solution is composed of a cultivation container, a nutrient solution layer disposed at the bottom of the cultivation container, a circulation device that circulates the nutrient solution while adding a predetermined nutrient to the nutrient solution, and a material that absorbs water. A medium disposed from the layer toward the upper opening of the cultivation container, and a light-shielding member that covers the upper opening of the cultivation container, and seedlings are planted at predetermined positions in the vicinity of the upper opening of the medium. The lower part is covered with the light shielding member.

  The invention according to claim 2 is a method for cultivating root vegetables using a cultivation apparatus through which a nutrient solution flows, wherein the nutrient solution is provided at the bottom of a cultivation container having a required depth and having an open top. After arranging a layer and arranging a medium made of a material having water absorption from the nutrient solution toward the upper opening of the cultivation container, a seedling is planted at a predetermined position near the upper opening of the medium, and the root of the seedling By circulating the nutrient solution in a state where the lower part is covered with a light-shielding member, the roots rooted from the root part are extended into the culture medium, and in the space between the culture medium and the bottom nutrient solution layer. And growing tuberous roots arising from the roots.

  The present invention, in nutrient solution cultivation of root vegetables, a medium composed of a material having water absorption is arranged from the nutrient solution layer at the bottom of the cultivation container to the opening at the top of the container, and before budding planted on the upper side of this medium By supplying the seedlings with nutrient solution sucked up through the inside of the medium, the intended purpose is to be achieved.

  That is, according to the invention described in claim 1, since the culture medium made of a material having water absorption is arranged from the nutrient solution layer arranged at the bottom of the cultivation container toward the opening at the top of the container, The nutrient solution is sucked up through the inside of the medium, and this nutrient solution can be supplied to seedlings planted near the upper opening of the medium.

  In addition, since the cultivation container has a required depth, a space in which the root roots of root vegetables can grow is formed between the culture medium and the nutrient solution layer. Since the upper part is open, it is possible to easily check and harvest the growth of root vegetables (tuberous roots) grown in the space only by removing the light shielding member covering the opening.

  In addition, covering the upper opening of the cultivation container with a light shielding member has an advantage of suppressing the evaporation of moisture in the container and preventing the growth of green algae and other plants on the medium. Therefore, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for root vegetables of the present invention is less frequently used with agricultural chemicals and chemicals than conventional soil cultivation, and can produce crops that are safe for the human body such as agricultural chemical-free vegetables. It becomes possible.

  Next, according to the nourishing liquid cultivation method according to claim 2, the seedling planted at a predetermined position near the upper opening of the medium is germinated (rooting) using the nourishing liquid sucked up through the inside of the medium. ) And extending the fine roots called water-absorbing roots (nutrient absorption roots) from the root part into the medium, and from the stem part located outside the light-shielding member, Leaf stems develop. In addition, the root that is separated from the water-absorbing root and extends into the space between the culture medium and the nutrient solution layer at the bottom forms a tuberous root forming part that becomes the root of the tuberous root, and eventually a tuberous root (root vegetable) is formed at this site. It will be.

  Therefore, according to the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, it is possible to directly cultivate root vegetables from seedlings without the need to separately raise young seedlings in a nursery or the like or to replant seedlings.

  In addition, the cultivation method of the present invention does not depend on the harvesting time (timing) of the young seedlings, and can appropriately harvest tubers having an appropriate size simply by removing the light shielding member. Therefore, the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention can realize cost reduction and stable supply of root vegetables.

  The hydroponics method of the present invention can be applied to roots such as yams, yams, ginenjo and other potatoes, taros, potatoes, shrimp and other potatoes, and potatoes. It is suitable for the cultivation of sweet potatoes where new tuberous roots appear. In the case of sweet potatoes, compared to conventional soil cultivation, the lifespan and the yield per unit area can be dramatically improved.

  As described above, according to the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus for root vegetables of the present invention, the nutrient solution sucked up through the inside of the medium can be supplied to the seedlings before germination planted on the upper side of the medium. At the same time, the growth degree of the tuberous root grown in the space between the culture medium and the nutrient solution layer can be easily confirmed and harvested.

  In addition, according to the hydroponics method of root vegetables of the present invention, there is no need to replant seedlings, root vegetables can be directly cultivated from seedlings, and harvest per unit area compared to conventional soil cultivation The amount can be improved.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a root vegetable nourishing culture apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, in this figure, illustration of the nutrient solution circulation system which consists of a pipe, a pump, etc. which reflux a nutrient solution is abbreviate | omitted.

  This embodiment shows the example in the case of cultivating sweet potato, and this nutrient solution cultivation apparatus is the nutrient solution stored in the cultivation container 1 which has a required depth, and the bottom part 1b of this cultivation container 1. (Nutrient solution layer) 2, culture media 3 and 3 arranged from the nutrient solution 2 toward the upper opening 1 a of the cultivation container 1, and a light shielding member (light shielding film) 4 that covers the opening 1 a of the cultivation container 1. It is configured as a subject.

  The cultivation container 1 is formed from a resin material having water resistance and light resistance, and its depth (height) is sufficient to form tuberous roots under these culture media 3 even after the culture media 3 and 3 are arranged. It is designed so that a simple space S can be formed.

  In addition, the culture media 3 and 3 are made of a (porous) material having a water absorption property and a roughness that allows roots to enter the inside, such as a porous member having rock wool slabs or open cells. It is a substantially plate-like member, and is placed in the cultivation container 1 such that its lower end is supported in the nutrient solution 2 and its upper end is supported in the vicinity of the opening 1 a of the cultivation container 1.

  Now, in the hydroponic cultivation of sweet potato using this cultivation apparatus, first, the roots of seedlings are inserted and planted in the vicinity of the upper ends of the culture media 3, 3, and the light shielding member 4 is covered so as to cover the root part and the opening of the cultivation container 1. Is disposed. In this case, the seedlings to be planted are not seedlings having grown roots and leaf stems as used in normal soil cultivation or conventional hydroponics, but seeded seedlings before the roots and stems germinate.

  The sweet potato seedlings planted in the medium 3 are fed with the nutrient solution 2 sucked up through the inside of the medium 3 and the roots and stems germinate, and the roots (fine roots) B extend into the medium 3. At the same time, on the outside of the light shielding member 4, a large number of leaf stems A develop as the vine extends.

  In addition, the fine roots are differentiated into a water-absorbing root (nutrient-absorbing root) that extends inside the culture medium 3 and reaches the nutrient solution two layers as it grows, and a root that produces tuberous roots. Projecting into the space S between 3 and the nutrient solution 2 layer, tuberous root C is produced.

  With the above configuration, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus in the present embodiment can cultivate sweet potatoes directly from the seedlings without separately raising seedlings in a nursery or the like or replanting the seedlings.

  Moreover, the nourishing solution cultivation method of the sweet potato in this embodiment can perform easily the confirmation and harvest of the growth degree of the tuberous root which grew in the space S only by removing the light-shielding member 4 which covers the cultivation container 1 opening. In this cultivation method, new tuberous roots appear in the roots from which the tuberous roots have been removed, so that it is possible to dramatically improve the lifespan of sweet potato seedlings and the yield per unit area.

(Example)
Next, the result of the cultivation experiment performed using this cultivation apparatus and cultivation method is demonstrated.
Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus using a plurality of cultivation containers of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a (a) top view, (b) a side view showing the structure of one cultivation container, (c) FIG.

  The nutrient solution cultivation apparatus in this example is installed on the roof of a building, and a plurality of cultivation containers 1 are connected by piping (13), and the nutrient solution 2 circulates in these using a pump 14. It is comprised so that it may do. In addition, the code | symbols 11 and 12 in a figure are the water storage tank which stores a nutrient solution, and 13a, 13b, 13c is a water absorption piping, drainage piping, and pumping piping, respectively.

  In addition, as root vegetables to be cultivated in this example, sweet potato (variety: Elegant summer) is selected, and the nutrient solution (culture solution) having the composition shown in [Table 1] below is circulated for 170 days (early June). -Mid-November) Cultivation was carried out. When the nutrient solution is insufficient due to evaporation, tap water is automatically added to the water tank.

(Table 1) Fertilizer component concentration in 1L of nutrient solution Ammonia nitrogen: 22.5mg
Nitrate nitrogen: 233mg
Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ): 120 mg
Potash (K ₂ O): 405 mg
Bitter (MgO): 60mg
Manganese (MnO): 1.5mg
Boron (B ₂ O ₃ ): 1.5 mg
Sulfur (SO ₄ ): 70.5 mg
Lime (CaO): 230mg
Iron (Fe): 2.7mg

As a result of this cultivation experiment, an average yield of 1.4 kg of sweet potato tuber per strain was obtained (planting area of one strain: 0.25 m ² ). This yield was equivalent to 5600 kg / 10a when converted per unit area, and a yield almost twice the average yield (2880 kg / 10a) in conventional soil cultivation was obtained.

From this cultivation experiment,
1) One tuberous root grows larger than soil cultivation.
1) Even when a tuberous root is removed in the middle of cultivation, a new tuberous root appears in the root, so that the harvest period of sweet potato and the yield per unit area can be increased.
2) By raising the temperature, especially the temperature of the rhizosphere, it is possible to perform a second cropping.
3) If the entire device is covered with a vinyl tunnel and the flowering is controlled, almost year-round planned cultivation is possible.
4) It is possible to produce safe and safe crops for the human body without using agricultural chemicals.
5) Since there is no influence by soil, sweet potatoes with uniform quality (shape) can be produced.
We were able to confirm the merits such as.

It is a schematic block diagram of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus for root vegetables in the embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus using two or more cultivation containers of this invention. It is the (a) top view, (b) side view, and (c) sectional view which show the structure of one cultivation container. It is a figure explaining the conventional hydroponic cultivation method of a sweet potato.

Explanation of symbols

1 Cultivation container 2 Nutrient solution (layer)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Medium 4 Light-shielding member 5 Lid member 11,12 Water tank 13 Piping 14 Pump A Leaf stem B Root C Tuberous root S Space

Claims (2)

An apparatus for cultivating root vegetables with nutrient solution flowing in a cultivation container,
A cultivation container having a required depth and an upper portion thereof opened,
A nutrient solution layer disposed at the bottom of the cultivation container;
A circulation device for circulating the nutrient solution while adding predetermined nutrients to the nutrient solution;
A medium composed of a material having water absorption, and a medium disposed from the nutrient solution layer toward the upper opening of the cultivation container,
A light shielding member covering the upper opening of the cultivation container,
A nutrient solution cultivation apparatus for root vegetables, wherein seedlings are planted at a predetermined position in the vicinity of the upper opening of the medium, and the lower part of the seedling is covered with the light-shielding member. A method for cultivating root vegetables using a cultivation apparatus through which a nutrient solution flows,
A nutrient solution layer is disposed at the bottom of the cultivation container having the required depth and the upper part thereof being opened, and a medium made of a material having water absorption properties is disposed from the nutrient solution toward the upper opening of the cultivation container. Then, seedlings are planted at a predetermined position near the upper opening of the medium, and the root rooted from the root part is circulated by circulating the nutrient solution in a state where the lower part is covered with a light shielding member from the root part of the seedling. A method for cultivating root vegetables, wherein the root roots are grown in the space between the medium and the nutrient solution layer at the bottom.

Images