JP2007538144A - Lubricant mixture with low Brookfield viscosity - Google Patents

Abstract

  Lubricant mixtures and finished gear oils comprising lubricant base oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes, petroleum derived base oils, and pour point depressants are provided. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffin functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffins Having a weight percent ratio of functional molecule to multicycloparaffinic functional molecule. The petroleum derived base oil comprises greater than 90 weight percent saturated hydrocarbons and less than 300 ppm sulfur and is preferably selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof. These lubricant mixtures have a surprisingly low Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C.

Description

[Related applications]
This application is a continuation-in-part of US application Ser. Nos. 10 / 847,996 and 10 / 847,997, both of which were filed on May 19, 2004 and are generally described herein. Cited in and incorporated by reference.

  The present invention is directed to lubricant mixtures and finished gear oils containing these lubricant mixtures, the lubricant mixture comprising a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depression. Contains agents. The present invention is also directed to a method of manufacturing the same. These lubricant mixtures have good low temperature properties including a surprisingly low Brookfield viscosity.

  There is a need for high performance automotive and industrial lubricants. Therefore, lubricant manufacturers must provide finished lubricants that exhibit high performance characteristics. As an example, high quality gear oils have very stringent low temperature performance specifications specified by Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. Depending on the application in which the gear oils are used, they may also need to exhibit a specific viscosity higher than about 3 cSt at 100 ° C.

  Finished lubricants, including gear oils, consist of two general components: one or more lubricant base oils and additives. Lubricant base oil is a major component in these finished lubricants and contributes significantly to the properties of the finished lubricant. By varying the mixture of individual lubricant base oils and individual additives, a wide variety of finished lubricants can be produced using a few lubricant base oils. As an example, for gear oils, the Brookfield viscosity is typically adjusted by adding a pour point depressant to the base oil. The specific viscosity at 100 ° C. is controlled by mixing together one or more base oils having different viscosities. In order to produce high performance finished lubricants, lubricant manufacturers are looking for higher quality lubricant base oil mixture feedstocks.

  The source of growth for these high quality lubricant base oil mixture feedstocks is synthetic lubricants. Synthetic lubricants can be made from highly paraffinic waxes. Synthetic lubricants include Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oils, and attention has recently been focused on Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricants in the search for high performance lubricants. Although Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oils are desirable in terms of their biodegradability and undesirable impurities such as low amounts of sulfur, Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricants generally do not exhibit all of the desirable performance characteristics. Although it is well known in the art to improve performance characteristics through the use of additives, these additives are generally expensive and can significantly increase the cost of the lubricant base oil. Furthermore, the addition of additives may not be sufficient to achieve the desired performance characteristics.

  The production of synthetic lubricants is well known in the art, and numerous developmental attempts have been made in producing synthetic lubricants with high performance characteristics. As an example, WO 99/41332 and WO 02/070636 are directed to synthetic lubricant compositions used as automatic transmission fluids and methods for producing these synthetic lubricant base stocks. US patent application 10/301391, filed November 20, 2002 and assigned to US Chevron Company, includes a low viscosity Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil fraction and a higher viscosity conventional petroleum derived base oil fraction. It relates to a lubricant base oil mixture. US patent application 10 / 301,392, filed December 23, 2003 and assigned to US Chevron Company, includes a Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil and a petroleum derived base oil having high monocycloparaffins and low multicycloparaffins. Disclosed is a finished lubricant comprising a mixture with a further base oil selected from the group.

  Despite research into synthetic lubricants, there remains a need for synthetic lubricants including synthetic lubricants including Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oils that exhibit high performance including good low temperature properties.

  The lubricant mixture of the present invention comprising a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant has a good low Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C. It has been discovered that it exhibits low temperature properties.

  In one aspect, the invention relates to a lubricant mixture. The lubricant mixture of the present invention comprises about 10 to about 80 weight percent of a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax based on the total lubricant mixture, about 20 to about 20 based on the total lubricant mixture. About 90 weight percent petroleum derived base oil and about 0.01-12 weight percent pour point depressant based on total lubricant mixture, viscosity greater than about 3 cSt at 100 ° C. and 100,000 cP at −40 ° C. Has a lower Brookfield viscosity. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a viscosity between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C., and the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax is (I) less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, (ii) more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecule, and (iii) greater than 15 monocycloparaffin functional molecule versus multicycloparaffin functional molecule Having a weight percent ratio of The petroleum derived base oil is selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof.

  In another aspect, the invention relates to a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, from about 10 to about 80 weight percent based on the total lubricant mixture, from about 20 to about 20 based on the total lubricant mixture. A lubricant comprising about 90 weight percent, a petroleum derived base oil comprising more than 90 weight percent saturated hydrocarbons and less than 300 ppm sulfur, and about 0.01 to 12 weight percent pour point depressant based on the total lubricant mixture. Agent mixture. The lubricant mixture has a viscosity of about 3 cSt or greater at 100 ° C. and a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 cP at −40 ° C. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a viscosity between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C., and the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax is (I) less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, (ii) more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecule, and (iii) greater than 15 monocycloparaffin functional molecule versus multicycloparaffin functional molecule Having a weight percent ratio of

  The present invention also relates to a finished lubricant comprising a lubricant mixture provided herein having an excellent low Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C. In one embodiment, the finished lubricant is a gear oil that includes at least one additive in addition to the lubricant mixture and the pour point depressant.

  In another aspect, the present invention is a lubricating oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax having a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C. and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, 5 The lubricating oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax having a weight percent ratio of cycloparaffinic functional molecules greater than weight percent and monocycloparaffinic functional molecules to multicycloparaffinic functional molecules greater than 15 A petroleum-derived base oil selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof, and a pour point depression. And mixed with a lubricant having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 cP at -40 ° C. Wherein the isolating object, a method for producing a lubricant mixture.

Detailed Description of the Invention
The finished lubricant, including gear oil, includes at least one lubricant base oil and at least one additive. The lubricant base oil is the most important component of the finished lubricant and generally constitutes more than 70% by weight of the finished lubricant. Finished lubricants must meet the standards for their intended use as defined by the relevant governing body. The finished lubricant according to the invention is intended for use as a gear oil. High quality gear oils have very stringent low temperature performance specifications specified by Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C.

  The lubricant mixture according to the present invention comprises at least one lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant. These lubricant mixtures have a viscosity of about 3 cSt or higher at 100 ° C. and good low temperature properties. Specifically, the lubricant mixture exhibits a Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. of less than 100,000 cP. In some embodiments, the lubricant mixture is less than 90,000 cP at −40 ° C., more preferably less than 60,000 cP, more preferably less than 50,000 cP, even more preferably less than 35,000 cP, More preferably exhibits a Brookfield viscosity below 25,000 cP and even more preferably below 15,000 cP. Accordingly, the lubricant mixture of the present invention exhibits an exceptional Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C. Thus, the lubricant mixture of the present invention can be used to produce high quality gear oils.

  Examples of suitable high paraffinic waxes include Fischer-Tropsch derived wax, coarse wax, deoiled coarse wax, refined waxy bottom oil, waxy lubricant raffinate, n-paraffin wax, linear alpha olefin (NAO) wax , Waxes produced by chemical plant processes, deoiled petroleum derived waxes, microcrystalline waxes, and mixtures thereof.

  The lubricant base oil fraction derived from the high paraffinic wax of the lubricant mixture has a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffinic functionality. Having a weight percent ratio of sex molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules.

  In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax contains more than 10 weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules. In another preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax comprises less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, greater than 10 weight percent monocycloparaffinic functional molecules, and 0 . Containing a weight percent of multicycloparaffinic functional molecules lower than 1. In yet another preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules greater than 50. In another preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax comprises less than 0.10 weight percent aromatics, more preferably less than 0.05 weight percent aromatics. .

  The lubricant base oil fraction derived from the highly paraffinic wax of the present invention is produced from the highly paraffinic wax by a process involving hydroisomerization. Preferably, the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized under conditions of about 600 ° F. to 750 ° F. using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve containing a noble metal hydrogenation component.

  In a preferred embodiment, the high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived wax and provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction. The lubricant base oil fraction is produced from a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude waxy fraction by a process involving hydroisomerization. Because of this situation, the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture provides a product stream by performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, from which the paraffin-based high wax feed Is produced by hydroisomerizing the highly paraffinic wax feed, isolating the isomerized oil, and optionally hydrofinishing the isomerized oil. From the method, a weight percent ratio of less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffinic functional molecules to multicycloparaffinic functional molecules. A Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction having is isolated. The lubricant base oil fractions of the preferred embodiments listed above can also be isolated from this process. Preferably, the high paraffinic wax feed is hydroisomerized under conditions of about 600 ° F. to 750 ° F. using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve containing a noble metal hydrogenation component. An example of a method for producing the Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil fraction is described in US application Ser. No. 10 / 744,870 filed on Dec. 23, 2003, the entirety of which is incorporated herein. Cited and incorporated. An example embodiment of a Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil fraction having high monocycloparaffins and low multicycloparaffins is described in US application Ser. No. 10 / 744,389 filed on Dec. 23, 2003. The entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

  In accordance with the present invention, it is desirable that the lubricant mixture and the blended finished lubricant comprise a lubricant base oil derived from a paraffinic high wax containing a high weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules, which is This is because paraffin imparts additive solubility and elastomer compatibility. Paraffin having a very high weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules (ie, high weight percent monocycloparaffin functional molecules and very low weight percent multicycloparaffin functional molecules) Lubricant mixtures and finished lubricants containing lubricant base oils derived from high system waxes are also desirable, as multicycloparaffin functional molecules reduce oxidative stability, lower viscosity index, and Noak volatility It is because it increases. A model of the effects of multicycloparaffin functional molecules is described in J. Am. Synthetic Lubrication 19-1, April 2002, pages 3-18, V.R. J. et al. Gatto et al., “Physical Properties of Hydrocracking Base Oils and Polyalphaolefins and Influence of Chemical Structure on Antioxidant Response”.

  Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the lubricant mixture and finished lubricant according to the present invention comprises a very low weight percent aromatic functional molecule, a high weight percent cycloparaffin functional molecule, and a monocycloparaffin functional molecule versus multicycloparaffin. Lubricant groups derived from high paraffinic waxes with a high weight percent ratio of functional molecules (ie, high weight percent monocycloparaffin functional molecules and very low weight percent multicycloparaffin functional molecules) Contains oil.

The lubricant base oil derived from the paraffinic high wax used in the lubricant mixture and finished lubricant is greater than 95% by weight as measured by ASTM (American Materials Testing Institute) D2549-02 elution column chromatography. Contains many saturated hydrocarbons. The olefin is present in an amount less than that detectable by long duration ¹³ C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Preferably, the aromatic functional molecule is present in an amount of less than 0.3 weight percent by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) -UV (ultraviolet) and modified to measure low amounts of aromatic compounds. 99. In a preferred embodiment, at least the aromatic functional molecule is present in an amount less than 0.10 weight percent, preferably less than 0.05 weight percent, more preferably less than 0.01 weight percent. Sulfur is present in an amount less than 25 ppm, more preferably less than 1 ppm as measured by ultraviolet fluorescence according to ASTM D5453-00.

  The petroleum derived base oil fraction of the lubricant mixture contains greater than 90 weight percent saturated hydrocarbons and less than 300 ppm sulfur. Preferably, the petroleum derived base oil fraction is selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof. The petroleum derived base oil fraction can be a heavy neutral base oil, an intermediate neutral base oil, or a mixture thereof.

  The lubricant mixture of the present invention comprises about 10 to 80 weight percent of a lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax, about 20 to 90 weight percent of a petroleum derived base oil, and about 0.01 to 12 weight Contains percent pour point depressant. Preferably, the lubricant mixture of the present invention comprises about 20 to 80 weight percent of a lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax, about 20 to 75 weight percent of a petroleum derived base oil, and about 0.05. Contains 10 weight percent pour point depressant. The gear oil of the present invention comprises one additive in addition to the lubricant mixture and the pour point depressant. Accordingly, the gear oil comprises (a) about 49 to about 99.9% by weight of a lubricant mixture according to the present invention, and (b) about 0.1 to about 51% by weight of at least one pour point depressant. Of additives.

Definitions The following terms are used throughout the specification and have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.

  The term “derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process” or “Fischer-Tropsch induction” means that the product, fraction or feed originates from a stage by the Fischer-Tropsch process, ie is produced at that stage. Means that.

  The term “derived from petroleum” or “petroleum-derived” originates from residual fuel in which the product, fraction or feed is an overhead vapor stream from a crude oil distillation and a non-evaporable residue. Means. The petroleum derivative source can be from gas field condensed oil.

  By paraffinic high wax is meant a wax having a high content, generally greater than 40% by weight, preferably greater than 50% by weight, more preferably greater than 75% by weight n-paraffins. Preferably, the high paraffinic wax used in the present invention also has a very low amount of combined nitrogen and sulfur, generally less than 25 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm combined nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of high paraffin waxes that can be used in the present invention include coarse wax, deoiled coarse wax, refined waxy base oil, waxy lubricant raffinate, n-paraffin wax, linear alpha olefin (NAO) wax, chemical Included are waxes produced by the plant process, deoiled petroleum derived wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and mixtures thereof. The pour point of high paraffinic waxes useful in the present invention is higher than 50 ° C, preferably higher than 60 ° C.

  The term “derived from a high paraffinic wax” means that the product, fraction or feed originates from a certain stage from a high paraffinic wax, ie was produced at that stage. To do.

  Aromatic means any hydrocarbon-based compound containing at least one group of atoms sharing a continuous cloud of delocalized electrons, where the number of delocalized electrons in the atomic group is 4n + 2 This corresponds to the solution to the Hückel rule (for example, n = 1 for 6 electrons). Representative examples include, but are not limited to, benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, and the like.

  A cycloparaffin-functional molecule means any molecule that is a monocyclic or fused polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group or that contains the aforementioned groups as one or more substituents. The cycloparaffin group may be optionally substituted with one or more, preferably 1 to 3 substituents. Representative examples are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, decahydronaphthalene, octahydropentalene, (pentadecan-6-yl) cyclohexane, 3,7,10-tricyclohexylpentadecane, decahydro-1- ( Including, but not limited to, pentadecan-6-yl) naphthalene, and the like.

  The monocycloparaffin functional molecule is substituted with any molecule that is a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of 3-7 ring carbons, or a single monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of 3-7 ring carbons. Means any molecule. The cycloparaffin group may be optionally substituted with one or more, preferably 1 to 3 substituents. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, (pentadecan-6-yl) cyclohexane, and the like.

  A multicycloparaffin functional molecule is any molecule that is a polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon fused ring group of two or more fused rings, one or more polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon fused ring groups of two or more fused rings It means any molecule substituted or any molecule substituted with 2 or more monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 7 ring carbons. The polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon condensed ring group preferably comprises two condensed rings. The cycloparaffin group may be optionally substituted with one or more, preferably 1 to 3 substituents. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, decahydronaphthalene, octahydropentalene, 3,7,10-tricyclohexylpentadecane, decahydro-1- (pentadecan-6-yl) naphthalene, and the like.

  Brookfield Viscosity: ASTM D2983-03 is used to measure the low shear rate viscosity of automotive fluid lubricants at low temperatures. Low temperature low shear rate viscosities of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic fluids are often specified by Brookfield viscosity. The standard for GM2003DEXRON® III automatic transmission fluid requires a maximum Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. of 20,000 cP. The Ford MERCON® V standard requires a Brookfield viscosity between 5,000 and 13,000 cP. Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Class SAE (Automotive Engineers Association) J306 for 75W gear lubricants has a low temperature viscosity standard where the maximum temperature for a viscosity of 150,000 cP is −40 ° C. The lubricant mixture of the present invention is less than 100,000 cP, preferably less than 60,000 cP, preferably less than 50,000 cP, more preferably less than 35,000 cP, even more preferably less than 25,000 cP, More preferably has a Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. lower than 15,000 cP.

  The lubricant mixtures and finished gear oils containing these lubricant mixtures have good kinematic viscosity, low Noack volatility, high oxidative stability, and low pour point in addition to very low Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. Desirable properties including cloud point.

  Kinematic viscosity is a measurement of the flow resistance of a fluid under gravity. The correct operation of a number of lubricant base oils, finished lubricants made from them, and equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the fluid used. Kinematic viscosity is measured according to ASTM D445-01. The results are reported in centistokes (cSt). The lubricant mixture of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity of about 3.0 cSt or greater at 100 ° C. In one embodiment, the lubricant mixture has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of greater than or equal to about 3.0 cSt and less than about 5.0 cSt. In another embodiment, the lubricant mixture has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of greater than or equal to about 5.0 cSt and less than about 7.0 cSt.

  The lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax can have a kinematic viscosity that varies within this range at 100 ° C. Preferably, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and 12.0 cSt. In one embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2.0 cSt and 3.0 cSt. In another embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. between about 3.0 cSt and 6.0 cSt.

  The viscosity index (VI) is an experimental unnamed number that shows the effect of temperature change on the kinematic viscosity of the oil. Liquids change viscosity with temperature and become less viscous when heated, but the higher the VI of an oil, the lower the tendency to change viscosity with temperature. High VI lubricants are needed when relatively constant viscosities are required at widely varying temperatures. For example, in automobiles, engine oil must flow freely enough to allow cold start, but must be sufficiently viscous after warm-up to provide complete lubrication. VI can be measured as described in ASTM D2270-93. Preferably, the lubricant mixture of the present invention has a viscosity index greater than 120.

The “viscosity index coefficient” of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is an experimental number derived from the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax. It is. The viscosity index coefficient is given by the following formula:
Viscosity index coefficient = 28 × ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) +95
Is calculated by The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax can have a viscosity index greater than the viscosity index coefficient.

  The pour point is a measurement of the temperature at which a lubricant base oil sample begins to flow under carefully controlled conditions. The pour point can be measured as described in ASTM D5950-02. The results are reported in degrees Celsius. Many commercial lubricant base oils have specifications for pour points. If the lubricant base oils have a low pour point, they are also likely to have other good low temperature properties such as low cloud point, low low temperature filter or point, and low temperature cranking viscosity. The cloud point is a supplementary measurement for the pour point and is expressed as the temperature at which the lubricant base oil sample begins to appear cloudy under carefully specified conditions. The cloud point can be measured by, for example, ASTM D5773-95. A lubricant base oil having a pour point and cloud point spread below about 35 ° C. is desirable. If the pour point / cloud point spread is higher, the lubricant base oil needs to be processed to a very low pour point in order to meet the cloud point specification. The pour point and cloud point spread of the lubricant mixtures and mixed finished lubricants of the present invention is generally below about 35 ° C, preferably below about 25 ° C, more preferably below about 10 ° C.

  Noack volatility is the weight percent lost when heating the oil at 250 ° C. and below atmospheric pressure at 20 mm Hg (2.67 kPa; 26.7 mbar) with ASTM D5800 drawing a constant flow of air through the test crucible for 60 minutes. Defined as the mass of oil expressed. A more convenient method for calculating Noack volatility, related to ASTM D5800, is by using the thermogravimetric analyzer test (TGA) according to ASTM D6375. Unless otherwise stated, TGA Noak volatility is used throughout this disclosure. Engine oil noack volatility, as measured by TGA Noak and similar methods, has been found to be related to oil consumption in passenger car engines. The stringent requirement for low volatility is an important aspect of several recent engine oil standards such as, for example, ACEA A-3 and B-3 in Europe and ILSAC GF-3 in North America. Lubricant base oil fractions derived from the highly paraffinic wax of the present invention can have a Noack volatility of less than 50% by weight.

The “Noak Volatility Coefficient” of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax is an experimental value derived from the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax. Is a number. The Noack volatility coefficient is:
Noack volatility coefficient = 1000 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) ^−2.7
Is calculated by Preferably, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a Noack volatility lower than the Noack volatility coefficient calculated by the above formula.

The Oxidator BN test using an L-4 catalyst is a test for measuring oxidation resistance using a dount type oxygen absorber (Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1936, 28, 26, RW Dornte). "Oxidation of white oil"). Typically, the situation is a single atmosphere consisting of 340 ° F. pure oxygen and the time to absorb 1000 ml of O ₂ with 100 g of oil is reported. In the Oxidator BN test using the L-4 catalyst, 0.8 ml of catalyst per 100 g of oil is used. The catalyst is a mixture of soluble metal naphthenates in kerosene that simulates the average metal analysis of the crankcase oil used. The mixture of soluble metal naphthenates simulates the average metal analysis of the crankcase oil used. The amount of metal in the catalyst is as follows. Copper = 6,927 ppm, iron = 4,083 ppm, lead = 80,208 ppm, manganese = 350 ppm, tin = 3,565 ppm. The additive package is 80 mmol zinc bispolypropylenephenyldithiophosphate per 100 g oil, or about 1.1 grams OLOA® 260. The Oxidator BN test with L-4 catalyst measures the finished lubricant response in the simulated application. High values, i.e. long times of adsorbing 1 liter of oxygen, indicate good stability. OLOA (R) is an abbreviation for Oronite Lubricant Additive (R), a registered trademark of Chevron Texaco Oronite Company.

  In general, the results of the Oxidator BN test with L-4 catalyst should be longer than about 7 hours. Preferably, the value of Oxidator BN using L-4 will be longer than about 10 hours. The Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction of the lubricant mixture of the present invention has a result much longer than 10 hours. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction of the lubricant mixture of the present invention has an Oxidator BN test result using an L-4 catalyst longer than 25 hours.

High Paraffinic Wax The high paraffinic wax used to produce the lubricant base oil fraction of the present invention can be any wax having a high content of n-paraffins. Preferably, the paraffinic high wax comprises more than 40% by weight, preferably more than 50% by weight, more preferably more than 75% by weight n-paraffins. Preferably, the high paraffinic wax used in the present invention also has a very low amount of combined nitrogen and sulfur, generally less than 25 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm combined nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of high paraffin waxes that can be used in the present invention include coarse wax, deoiled coarse wax, refined waxy base oil, waxy lubricant raffinate, n-paraffin wax, NAO (linear alpha olefin) wax, chemical Included are waxes produced by the plant process, deoiled petroleum derived wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, and mixtures thereof. The pour point of high paraffinic waxes useful in the present invention is higher than 50 ° C, preferably higher than 60 ° C.

  These paraffinic high waxes have a high weight percent of cycloparaffin functional molecules and a very high weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules (ie, high weight percent monocycloparaffins). It has been discovered that it can be processed to provide a lubricant base oil fraction having functional molecules and very low weight percent multicycloparaffin functional molecules). These lubricant base oil fractions can be used to provide a lubricant mixture that exhibits very good Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C. Therefore, high quality gear oil can be produced using these lubricant base oil fractions. In a preferred embodiment, the high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived wax and provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

Method for Providing Oil Fraction The lubricant mixture according to the present invention comprises at least one lubricant base oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from the highly paraffinic wax of the present invention is produced from a highly paraffinic wax by a process involving hydroisomerization. Preferably, the highly paraffinic wax is hydroisomerized under conditions of about 600 ° F. to 750 ° F. using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve containing a noble metal hydrogenation component. The product from the hydroisomerization is rectified to have a kinematic viscosity between 100 and 20 cSt at 100 ° C. and less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, greater than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functionality. And one or more fractions having a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecule to multicycloparaffin functional molecule greater than 15. The lubricant base oil fraction is used to provide a lubricant mixture having a kinematic viscosity of greater than about 3 cSt at 100 ° C. and a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 cP at −40 ° C.

  In a preferred embodiment, the high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived wax and provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

  These lubricant base oil fractions are produced by a process characterized by providing a highly paraffinic wax and then hydroisomerizing the paraffinic high wax to provide an isomerized oil. The process involves rectifying the isomerized oil obtained from the hydroisomerization process and having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt, preferably between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt at 100 ° C. It can further include providing the above fractions. A lubricant base oil fraction having the properties described above is obtained.

  In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction according to the present invention is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction. Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction used in lubricant mixtures exhibiting very good Brookfield viscosity is the hydroisomerization of the waxy fraction of the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude oil following the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process Manufactured by.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis In Fischer-Tropsch chemistry, synthesis gas is converted to liquid hydrocarbons by contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst under reactive conditions. Typically, methane and optionally heavier hydrocarbons (ethane and heavier) can be passed through a conventional syngas generator to provide syngas. In general, synthesis gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and may contain small amounts of carbon dioxide and / or water. The presence of sulfur, nitrogen, halogen, selenium, phosphorus, and arsenic contaminants in the synthesis gas is undesirable. For this reason, and depending on the quality of the synthesis gas, it is preferable to remove sulfur and other contaminants from the feed prior to Fischer-Tropsch chemistry. Means for removing these contaminants are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a ZnO guard bed is preferred for removing sulfur impurities. Means for removing other contaminants are well known to those skilled in the art. It would also be desirable to purify the syngas before the Fischer-Tropsch reactor to remove the carbon dioxide produced during the syngas reaction and any additional sulfur compounds that have not yet been removed. This can be accomplished, for example, by contacting the synthesis gas with a weakly alkaline solution (eg, an aqueous potassium carbonate solution) in a packed tower.

In the Fischer-Tropsch process, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons are formed when a synthesis gas containing a mixture of H ₂ and CO is contacted with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst under appropriate temperature and pressure reactive conditions. . Fischer-Tropsch reactions are typically about 300-700 ° F. (149-371 ° C.), preferably about 400-550 ° F. (204-228 ° C.), about 10-600 psia (0.7-41 bar). ), Preferably at a pressure of about 30 to 300 psia (2 to 21 bar) and a catalyst space velocity of about 100 to 10,000 cc / g / hr, preferably about 300 to 3,000 cc / g / hr. Examples of conditions for conducting Fischer-Tropsch type reactions are well known to those skilled in the art.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products are mostly in the C _{5 to} C ₁₀₀₊ range, but can vary from C ₁ to C ₂₀₀₊ . The reaction can be carried out in various types of reactors, for example fixed bed reactors containing one or more catalyst beds, slurry reactors, fluidized bed reactors, or combinations of different types of reactors. I can do it. Such reaction methods and reactors are well known and documented in the literature.

  The preferred slurry-Fischer-Tropsch process for the practice of the present invention utilizes excellent heat (and mass) transfer characteristics for the highly exothermic synthesis reaction, so when using a cobalt catalyst, High molecular weight paraffinic hydrocarbons can be produced. In the slurry process, the synthesis gas containing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is in a granular Fischer-Tropsch type dispersed and suspended in a slurry liquid containing the hydrocarbon product of the synthesis reaction that is liquid under the reaction conditions. Bubbling as a third phase through a slurry containing a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst. The molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide can vary widely from about 0.5 to about 4, but more typically in the range of about 0.7 to about 2.75, preferably about 0.7 to about 2.5. A particularly preferred Fischer-Tropsch process is taught in EP0609079, which is also hereby fully incorporated by reference for all purposes.

In general, Fischer-Tropsch catalysts contain a Group VIII transition metal on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may also contain a noble metal promoter and / or a crystalline molecular sieve. Suitable Fischer-Tropsch catalysts include one or more of Fe, Ni, Co, Ru and Re, with cobalt being preferred. A preferred Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprises an effective amount of cobalt and Re, Ru, Fe, Ni, Th, Zr, on a suitable inorganic support material, preferably one containing one or more refractory metal oxides. 1 type or more of Hf, U, Mg, and La is included. Generally, the amount of cobalt present in the catalyst is between about 1 weight percent and about 50 weight percent of the total catalyst composition. The catalyst may _{also, ThO 2, La 2 O 3} , basic oxide promoters such as MgO and TiO _2, promoters such as ZrO _2, noble metals (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh , Os, Ir), Coin metals (Cu, Ag, Au) and other transition metals such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Re can also be included. Suitable support materials include alumina, silica, magnesia and titania or mixtures thereof. Preferred supports for cobalt-containing catalysts include titania. Useful catalysts and their preparation are known and described in US Pat. No. 4,568,663, which is intended to be illustrative but not limiting regarding catalyst selection.

Some catalysts have been found to provide a relatively low chain growth potential to suppress, and the reaction product has a relatively high proportion of low molecular weight (C _2-8 ) olefins and a relatively low proportion of Includes high molecular weight (C ₃₀₊ ) wax. Some other catalysts have been shown to provide a relatively high chain growth potential, the reaction product having a relatively low proportion of low molecular weight (C _2-8 ) olefins and a relatively high proportion of high Includes molecular weight (C ₃₀₊ ) wax. Such catalysts are well known to those skilled in the art and can be easily obtained and / or produced.

The product from the Fischer-Tropsch process contains mainly paraffin. The products from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction generally include a light reaction product and a waxy reaction product. The light reaction product (ie, the condensate fraction) is a hydrocarbon boiling below about 700 ° F. (eg, tail gas through middle distillate fuel), mostly C ₅ -C ₂₀ Includes hydrocarbons that decrease in amount to about _{C30 in the} range. The waxy reaction product (ie, wax fraction) is a hydrocarbon boiling above about 600 ° F. (eg, vacuum gas oil through heavy paraffin), mostly in the C ₂₀₊ range. Includes hydrocarbons whose amount is reduced to ₁₀ . Both the light reaction product and the waxy product are substantially paraffinic. The waxy product generally contains more than 70% by weight linear paraffins and often more than 80% by weight linear paraffins. The light reaction product comprises paraffinic products with a significant proportion of alcohols and olefins. In some cases, the light reaction product may contain as much as 50% by weight and more alcohol and olefin. It is the waxy reaction product (i.e., the wax) used as a feed to the process for providing the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture and mixed finished lubricants of the present invention. Fraction).

  Fischer-Tropsch wax useful in the present invention has a weight ratio of products having 60 or more carbon atoms to products having 30 or more carbon atoms that is less than 0.18. The weight ratio of the product having 60 or more carbon atoms to the product having 30 or more carbon atoms is measured as follows. 1) Determine boiling point distribution of Fischer-Tropsch wax by simulated distillation using ASTM D6352, 2) Use boiling point of n-paraffin published in Table 1 of ASTM D6352-98 to determine the boiling point 3) sum the weight percent of products having 30 or more carbon atoms, 4) sum the weight percent of products having 60 or more carbon atoms, and 5) products having 60 or more carbon atoms. Is divided by the total weight percent of products having 30 or more carbon atoms. Another aspect of the present invention uses a low Fischer-Tropsch wax where the weight ratio of the product having 60 or more carbons to the product having 30 or more carbons is lower than 0.15, preferably 0.10.

  The Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture is produced from the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude waxy fraction by a process involving hydroisomerization. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil is produced by the method described in US application Ser. No. 10 / 744,870 filed on Dec. 23, 2003, the entire application is incorporated herein by reference. Cited and incorporated. The Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture and blended finished lubricant of the present invention can be manufactured at a location different from where the components of the lubricant mixture are received and mixed.

High wax of hydroisomerization said paraffinic receives the process comprising hydroisomerization to provide a lubricant base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture according to the invention.

  Hydroisomerization is intended to improve the cold flow characteristics of the lubricant base oil fraction by selectively adding branching to the molecular structure. Hydroisomerization would ideally achieve high conversion levels from Fischer-Tropsch wax to non-waxy isoparaffins while minimizing conversion by cracking. Preferably, the hydroisomerization conditions in the present invention are about 10% and 50% by weight conversion of compounds boiling above about 700 ° F. to compounds boiling below about 700 ° F. in the wax feed. And preferably between 15% and 45% by weight.

  According to the present invention, hydroisomerization is performed using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve. A hydroisomerization catalyst useful in the present invention comprises a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve and optionally a catalytically active metal hydride component on a refractory oxide support. As used herein, the phrase “intermediate pore size” means an effective pore size in the range of about 3.9 to about 7.1 mm when the porous inorganic oxide is in a calcined shape. The shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieves used in the practice of the present invention are generally 1-D 10-, 11- or 12-ring molecular sieves. Preferred molecular sieves of the present invention are of the type 1-D 10-ring, whereas 10- (or 11- or 12-) ring molecular sieves are 10 (or 11 or 12) tetrahedral coordinations linked by oxygen. It has an atom (T atom). In 1-D molecular sieves, the 10-ring (or larger) holes are parallel to each other and not connected. However, it should be noted that 1-D 10-ring molecular sieves that meet the broader definition of the intermediate pore size molecular sieve but include cross pores with 8-membered rings can also be included within the definition of the molecular sieve of the present invention. . 1-D, 2-D and 3-D are classified into channels in the zeolite in 1984, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) ASI (American National Standards Institute) series, F.C. R. Rodrigues, L. D. Rollman and C.I. Edited by Naccach, Zeolites, Science and Technology (Zeolite Science and Technology). M.M. Although described by Barrer, the classification is incorporated by reference in its entirety (see especially page 75).

  Preferred shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieves used for hydroisomerization, such as SAPO-11, SAPO-31 and SAPO-41, are based on aluminum phosphate. SAPO-11 and SAPO-31 are more preferred, and SAPO-11 is most preferred. SM-3 is a particularly preferred shape selective intermediate pore size SAPO, which has a crystalline structure that falls within the crystalline structure of the SAPO-11 molecular sieve. The manufacture of SM-3 and its unique properties are described in US Pat. Nos. 4,943,424 and 5,158,665. Also preferred shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieves used for hydroisomerization are zeolites such as ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, ZSM-57, SSZ-32, offretite, and ferrierite. It is. SSZ-32 and ZSM-23 are more preferred.

  Preferred intermediate pore size molecular sieves are characterized by a selected amorphous diameter of the channel, a selected crystallite size (corresponding to a selected channel length), and a selected acidity. The desired amorphous diameter of the molecular sieve channel has a maximum amorphous diameter of 7.1 angstroms or less and a minimum amorphous diameter of 3.9 angstroms or more, and is in the range of about 3.9 to about 7.1 angstroms. . Preferably, the maximum amorphous diameter is 7.1 angstroms or less and the minimum amorphous diameter is 4.0 angstroms or more. Most preferably, the maximum amorphous diameter is not more than 6.5 angstroms and the minimum amorphous diameter is not less than 4.0 angstroms. The amorphous diameter of the channel of the molecular sieve is Ch. Baerlocher, W.M. M.M. Meier, and D.M. H. Olson, 2001, 5th revised edition, “Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types”, Elsevier, pp. 10-15, which is incorporated herein by reference. Incorporate.

Particularly preferred intermediate pore size molecular sieves useful in the present methods are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 5,135,638 and 5,282,958, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In US Pat. No. 5,282,958, such an intermediate pore size molecular sieve has pores having a crystallite size of about 0.5 microns or less and a minimum diameter of at least about 4.8 inches and a maximum diameter of about 7.1 inches. The catalyst, when placed in a tubular reactor, converts at least 50% of hexadecane at 370 ° C., 1200 psig pressure, 160 ml / min hydrogen flow, and 1 ml / hr feed rate. Have sufficient acidity. The catalyst also has an isomerization selectivity of 40 percent or more when used under conditions that result in 96% conversion of linear hexadecane (n-C ₁₆ ) to other species. Measured. 100 × (wt% of branched C ₁₆ in product) / (wt% of branched C ₁₆ in product + C ₁₃₋ wt% in product)}.

  Such particularly preferred molecular sieves can be further characterized by pores or channels having an amorphous diameter in the range of about 4.0 to about 7.1 mm, preferably in the range of 4.0 to 6.5 mm. The amorphous diameter of the channel of the molecular sieve is Ch. Baerlocher, W.M. M.M. Meier, and D.M. H. Olson, 2001, 5th revised edition, “Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types”, Elsevier, pp. 10-15, which is incorporated herein by reference. Incorporate.

If the amorphous diameter of a molecular sieve channel is not known, the effective pore size of the molecular sieve can be measured using standard adsorption techniques and known hydrocarbonaceous compounds of kinetic minimum diameter. Breck's Zeolite Molecular Sieves (Zeolite Molecular Sieve), 1974 Edition (especially Chapter 8); Anderson et al. See Catalysis 58, 114 (1979); and US Pat. No. 4,440,871, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. Standard techniques are used when performing adsorption measurements to determine pore size. If at least 95% of the equilibrium adsorption value is not reached in less than about 10 minutes on the molecular sieve, it is convenient to consider that a particular molecule has been excluded (p / p _o = 0 at 25 ° C. .5). Intermediate pore size molecular sieves typically entrap molecules having a dynamic diameter of 5.3 to 6.5 Angstroms with little interference.

  The hydroisomerization catalyst useful in the present invention comprises a catalytically active metal hydride. The presence of a catalytically active metal hydride results in an improvement in the product, in particular an improvement in VI (viscosity index) and stability. Typical catalytically active metal hydrides include chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, cobalt, tungsten, zinc, platinum, and palladium. Platinum and palladium metal are particularly preferred, but platinum is most particularly preferred. When using platinum and / or palladium, the total amount of active hydrogenation metal is typically in the range of 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the total catalyst, usually 0.1 to 2 weight percent, and 10 weight percent. Should not exceed.

  The refractory oxide support can be selected from oxide supports conventionally used in catalysts, including silica, alumina, silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, and combinations thereof.

  Conditions for hydroisomerization include less than about 0.3 wt.% Aromatics, more than 5 wt.% Cycloparaffin functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffin functional molecules versus multicycloparaffin functional molecules. Is adjusted to achieve a lubricant base oil fraction having a weight percent ratio of Preferably, the conditions include less than about 0.3 wt.% Aromatics, greater than 10 wt.% Cycloparaffinic functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffin functional molecules versus multicycloparaffin functional molecules. A lubricant base oil fraction having a weight percent ratio is provided. In other preferred embodiments, the conditions include less than about 0.3 wt.% Aromatics, greater than 10 weight percent monocycloparaffin functional molecules, and less than 0.1 weight percent multicycloparaffin functional molecules. A lubricant base oil fraction comprising

The conditions for hydroisomerization depend on the nature of the feed used, the catalyst used, whether the catalyst is sulfurized, the desired yield, and the desired properties of the lubricant base oil. Conditions under which the hydroisomerization process of the present invention can be conducted include from about 500 ° F to about 775 ° F (260 ° C to about 413 ° C), preferably from 600 ° F to about 750 ° F (315 ° C to about 399 ° C). ° C), more preferably from about 600 ° F to about 700 ° F (315 ° C to about 371 ° C), and a pressure of about 15 to 3000 psig, preferably 100 to 2500 psig. In this context, hydroisomerization pressure refers to the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydroisomerization reactor, which is substantially the same (or nearly the same) as the total pressure. The liquid space velocity during contact is generally from about 0.1 to 20 hr ⁻¹ , preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 hr ⁻¹ . The ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon is within the range of about 1.0 to about 50 moles of H ₂ per mole of hydrocarbon, more preferably about 10 to about 20 moles of H ₂ per mole of hydrocarbon. . Suitable conditions for performing hydroisomerization are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,282,958 and 5,135,638, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

  During the hydroisomerization process, hydrogen is typically present in the reaction zone at a hydrogen to feed ratio of about 0.5 to 30 MSCF / bbl (1000 standard cubic feet per barrel), preferably about 1 to about 10 MSCF / bbl. To do. Hydrogen can be separated from the product and recycled to the reaction zone.

High wax feed having a paraffin to hydrotreating hydroisomerization process can be hydrotreated prior to hydroisomerization. Hydrotreating refers to a catalytic process usually performed in the presence of free hydrogen, the main purpose of which is various metal pollutants such as arsenic, aluminum and cobalt; heteroatoms such as sulfur and nitrogen; oxidation Or removing aromatics from the feedstock. In general, in hydroprocessing operations, the decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules, i.e., splitting relatively large hydrocarbon molecules into relatively small hydrocarbon molecules, is minimized and the hydrocarbons are fully or partially hydrogenated.

  Catalysts used to perform hydroprocessing operations are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,347,121 and 4,810,357, for a general description of typical catalysts used in hydroprocessing, hydrocracking, and each of those processes. The contents of those patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Suitable catalysts include noble metals from Group VIIIA (according to International Genuine and Applied Chemistry Union 1975 regulations) such as platinum or palladium on alumina or siliceous substrates, and nickel molybdenum on alumina or siliceous substrates. Or includes group VIII and group VIB such as nickel tin. U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,207 describes suitable noble metal catalysts and mild conditions. Other suitable catalysts are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,157,294 and 3,904,513. Hydrogenated non-noble metals such as nickel and molybdenum are usually present in the final catalyst composition as oxides, but sulfide compounds are readily formed in reduced form or from the specific metals involved. In some cases it is used in sulfurized form. Preferred non-noble metal catalyst compositions are greater than about 5 weight percent, preferably about 5 to about 40 weight percent molybdenum and / or tungsten, and at least about 0.5, generally measured as the corresponding oxide. Contains from about 1 to about 15 weight percent nickel and / or cobalt. A catalyst containing a noble metal such as platinum contains more than 0.01 percent metal, preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 percent metal. A combination of noble metals such as a mixture of platinum and palladium can also be used.

  Typical hydroprocessing conditions vary over a wide range. Generally, the overall LHSV (liquid hourly space velocity) is about 0.25 to 2.0, preferably about 0.5 to 1.5. The hydrogen partial pressure is greater than 200 psia and preferably varies from about 500 psia to about 2000 psia. The hydrogen recycle rate is typically greater than 50 SCF / Bbl, preferably between 1000 SCF / Bbl and 5000 SCF / Bbl. The temperature in the reactor varies from about 300 ° F to about 750 ° F (about 150 ° C to about 400 ° C), preferably 450 ° F to 725 ° F (230 ° C to 385 ° C).

Hydrofinishing method hydrofinishing process is hydrotreating the can be used as a step following hydroisomerization to provide a lubricant base oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic wax. The hydrofinishing method is intended to improve the oxidative stability, UV (ultraviolet) stability, and appearance of lubricant base oil products by removing traces of aromatics, olefins, colored objects, and solvents. is doing. As used in this disclosure, the term UV (ultraviolet) stability refers to the stability of a lubricant base oil or finished lubricant when exposed to ultraviolet light and oxygen. Instability is indicated when a visible precipitate is formed, usually visible as agglomerates or cloudiness, or a darker color appears when exposed to ultraviolet light and air. A general description of the hydrofinishing process can be found in US Pat. Nos. 3,852,207 and 4,673,487.

The lubricant base oil fraction of the present invention can be hydrofinished to improve product quality and stability. During hydrofinishing, the overall liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) is about 0.25 to 2.0 hr ⁻¹ , preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 hr ⁻¹ . The hydrogen partial pressure is greater than 200 psia and preferably varies from about 500 psia to about 2000 psia. The hydrogen recycle rate is typically greater than 50 SCF / Bbl, preferably between 1000 SCF / Bbl and 5000 SCF / Bbl. The temperature varies from about 300 ° F. to about 750 ° F., preferably 450 ° F. to 600 ° F.

  Suitable hydrofinishing catalysts are noble metals from Group VIIIA (according to International Genuine and Applied Chemistry Union 1975 rules), such as platinum or palladium on alumina or siliceous substrates, and on alumina or siliceous substrates. Includes unsulfurized Group VIIIA and VIB such as nickel-molybdenum or nickel-tin. U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,207 describes suitable noble metal catalysts and mild conditions. Other suitable catalysts are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,157,294 and 3,904,513. Non-noble metal (eg, nickel molybdenum and / or tungsten) catalysts are at least about 0.5, typically from about 1 to about 15 weight percent, measured as molybdenum and / or tungsten, and the corresponding oxide. Of nickel and / or cobalt. Noble metal catalysts (such as platinum) contain greater than 0.01 percent metal, preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 percent metal. A combination of noble metals such as a mixture of platinum and palladium can also be used.

  Clay processing to remove impurities is a selective final processing step to provide a lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax.

The method of providing a fractional distillation lubricant base oil fraction can optionally include rectifying a high paraffinic wax feed prior to hydroisomerization. Further, the method of providing a lubricant base oil fraction can include rectifying the isomerized oil obtained from the hydroisomerization process to provide a plurality of lubricant base oil fractions. Fractional distillation of paraffinic high wax feed or isomerized oil into fractions is generally accomplished by atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation, or a combination of atmospheric and vacuum distillation. Atmospheric distillation typically has an initial boiling point higher than about 600 ° F. to about 750 ° F. (about 315 ° C. to about 399 ° C.) for relatively light distillate fractions such as naphtha and middle distillates. It is used to separate from the bottom fraction it has. At relatively high temperatures, pyrolysis of hydrocarbons can occur resulting in equipment fouling and reducing the yield of relatively heavy fractions. Vacuum distillation is typically used to separate relatively high boiling materials such as lubricant base oil fractions into different boiling range fractions. By rectifying the lubricant base oil into fractions with different boiling ranges, it is typically possible for a lubricant base oil production plant to produce more than one grade or viscosity of lubricant base oil.

  According to the present invention, a lubricant base oil fraction having the properties described herein can be obtained by rectifying the isomerized oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. Accordingly, the isomerized oil can be rectified to provide one or more fractions having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt, and preferably at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt.

  The lubricant mixture of the present invention can comprise one or more fractions obtained by fractional distillation from isomerized oil and having the properties described herein.

Solvent dewaxing The process for producing a lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax can also include a solvent dewaxing step following the hydroisomerization process. Solvent dewaxing can optionally be used to remove small amounts of residual waxy molecules from the lubricant base oil after hydroisomerization. 1960, New York's McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Solvent dewaxing, such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, or toluene, as discussed in the publication, Chemical Technology of Petroleum by Petroleum Chemicals, Petroleum, 3rd Edition, by William Gruse and Donald Stevens This is done by dissolving the lubricant base oil in a suitable solvent or by precipitating wax molecules. Solvent dewaxing is also described in US Pat. Nos. 4,477,333, 3,773,650 and 3,775,288.

Lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax The lubricant mixture according to the present invention is a lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax synthesized as described herein. Including fractions. In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction according to the present invention is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

  Lubricant base oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes have viscosities between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C., preferably between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt at 100 ° C. Lubricant base oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic waxes can change kinematic viscosity. In one embodiment, a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity between about 2 cSt and 3 cSt at 100 ° C. In other embodiments, a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C.

Preferably, the viscosity index of a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is given by the following formula:
Viscosity index coefficient = 28 × ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) +95
Higher than the viscosity index coefficient calculated by

Despite the relatively low kinematic viscosities of lubricant base oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes, the Noack volatility of these lubricant base oil fractions is similar to that of petroleum-derived oils of similar kinematic viscosity. Much lower than that of Group I and Group II base oils. Preferably, the Noack volatility of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax is given by the following formula:
Noack volatility coefficient = 1000 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) ^−2.7
Lower than the Noack volatility coefficient calculated by The lubricant base oil fraction preferably has a Noack volatility of less than 50% by weight in the case of a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

  Lubricant base oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes contain very low amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Lubricant base oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes contain less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, more than 5 weight percent cycloparaffin functional molecules, and greater than 15 monocycloparaffin functionality. It has a weight percent ratio of molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules.

  In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax contains more than 10 weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules. In other preferred embodiments, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from the highly paraffinic wax comprises less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics, greater than 10 weight percent monocycloparaffin functional molecules, and Contains a weight percent of multicycloparaffinic functional molecules lower than one. In yet another preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax has a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules greater than 50. In other preferred embodiments, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax contains less than 0.10 weight percent aromatics, more preferably less than 0.05 weight percent aromatics.

The lubricant base oil fraction derived from the high paraffinic wax used in the lubricant mixture and the finished lubricant is 95 weights as determined by ASTM (American Materials Testing Institute) D2549-02 elution column chromatography. Contains more than% saturated hydrocarbons. The olefin is present in an amount less than that detectable by long duration ¹³ C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Preferably, the aromatic functional molecule is present in an amount of less than 0.3 weight percent by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) -UV (ultraviolet) and modified to measure low amounts of aromatic compounds. 99. In a preferred embodiment, at least the aromatic functional molecule is present in an amount less than 0.10 weight percent, preferably less than 0.05 weight percent, more preferably less than 0.01 weight percent. Sulfur is present in an amount less than 25 ppm, more preferably less than 1 ppm as measured by ultraviolet fluorescence according to ASTM D5453-00.

Aromatic compound measurement by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) -UV (ultraviolet):
The method used to measure low amounts of aromatic functional molecules in the lubricant base oil fraction is a Hewletttlet coupled to a HP1050 diode array ultraviolet and visible wavelength detector connected to an HP chemistry device. The Packard 1050 series fourth gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system is utilized. Identification of the individual aromatics in the highly saturated lubricant base oil was based on their UV spectral type and their elution time. The amino column used in this analysis distinguishes aromatic molecules based largely on their ring number (or more precisely, the number of double bonds). Thus, a single aromatic ring-containing molecule will elute first, followed by polycyclic aromatic compounds in order of increasing number of double bonds per molecule. For aromatic compounds with similar double bond properties, those with only alkyl substitution on the ring will elute faster than those with cycloparaffin substitution.

  The unambiguous identification of various base oil aromatic hydrocarbons from their UV absorption spectra indicates that their peak electron transfer, relative to pure model compound analogs, is the amount of alkyl and cycloparaffin substitution on the ring system. It is somewhat complicated by the fact that everything is redshifted to a degree that depends on. It is well known that these deep color shifts are caused by alkyl group delocalization of π electrons in aromatic rings. Since few unsubstituted aromatic compounds boil in the range of lubricants, some red shift was expected and observed for all of the main aromatic groups identified.

  The quantification of the eluted aromatic compound is done by integrating the wavelength-generated chromatograms optimized for each general class of compounds over the appropriate retention time window region for the aromatic compound. It was. Retention time window region limits for each aromatic species manually evaluate the individual absorption spectra of the eluting compounds at different times and based on their qualitative similarity to the absorption spectra of the model compounds, Decide by assigning to a species. With only a few exceptions, only five aromatic compounds were observed in highly saturated API (American Petroleum Institute) Group II and III lubricant base oils.

HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) -UV (ultraviolet) calibration:
HPLC-UV is used to identify these types of aromatic compounds even in very low amounts. Multi-ring aromatic compounds typically absorb 10 to 200 times more strongly than monocyclic aromatic compounds. Alkyl substitution also affected absorption by about 20%. Therefore, it is important to use HPLC to separate and identify various types of aromatic compounds and to know how efficiently they absorb.

  Five aromatic compounds have been identified. All of the aromatic species were analyzed for baseline, except for a small overlap between the most highly retained alkyl-cycloalkyl-1-ring aromatics and the least retained alkyl naphthalene. . The integration limit for co-eluting 1-ring and 2-ring aromatics at 272 nm was caused by the vertical drop method. The wavelength-dependent response coefficient for each common aromatic species was first determined by plotting a Bayer's law plot from a pure model compound mixture based on the spectral peak absorption closest to the substituted aromatic analog. .

  For example, the alkyl-cyclohexylbenzene molecule in the base oil shows a distinct peak absorption at 272 nm, which corresponds to the same (forbidden) transition that the unsubstituted tetralin model compound exhibits at 268 nm. Assume that the concentration of alkyl-cycloalkyl-1-ring aromatics in the base oil sample is approximately equal to the molar absorptivity response coefficient at 268 nm of tetralin calculated from Beer's law plot at 272 nm. Calculated by The weight percent concentration of the aromatic compound was calculated by assuming that the average molecular weight for each aromatic species was approximately equal to the average molecular weight for all base oil samples.

  This calibration method was further improved by isolating the 1-ring aromatics directly from the lubricant base oil by comprehensive HPLC chromatography. Direct calibration for these aromatic compounds eliminated the assumptions and uncertainties associated with model compounds. As expected, the isolated aromatic sample had a lower response factor than the model compound because it was more highly substituted.

  More specifically, to accurately calibrate the HPLC-UV method, the substituted benzene aromatics were separated from most of the lubricant base oil using a Waters semi-separation HPLC system. A 10 gram sample was diluted 1: 1 in n-hexane and 5 cm x 22.4 mm ID (inner diameter) from Rainin Instruments, Emeryville, Calif. Using n-hexane as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 18 mls / min. A safety-covered amino-bonded silica column was injected onto two 25 cm x 22.4 mm ID columns of 8-12 micron amino-bonded silica particles. The column eluent was rectified based on the detector response from a dual wavelength UV detector tuned to 265 nm and 295 nm. Saturated fractions were collected until the 265 nm absorption showed a change of 0.01 absorbance units indicating the onset of monocyclic aromatic compound elution. Monocyclic aromatic fractions were collected until the absorption ratio between 265 nm and 295 nm decreased to 2.0 indicating the onset of bicyclic aromatic compound elution. Purification and separation of the monocyclic aromatics fraction was performed by rechromatographing the monoaromatic fraction from the “tailed” saturated fraction produced by over-injecting the HPLC column.

  This purified aromatic “standard” showed that alkyl substitution reduced the molar extinction response coefficient by about 20% with respect to unsubstituted tetralin.

Confirmation of aromatic compounds by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance):
The weight percent of aromatic functional molecules in the purified monoaromatic standard was confirmed by long duration carbon 13 NMR analysis. NMR was easier to calibrate than HPLC UV because it simply measures aromatic carbon and the response does not depend on the species of aromatic compound being analyzed. Knowing that 95-99% of the aromatics in highly saturated lubricant base oils are monocyclic aromatics, the NMR results were converted from% aromatic carbon to% aromatic molecules (HPLC- Should be consistent with UV and D2007).

  Accurate measurement of aromatic compounds down to 0.2% aromatic molecules required high power, long duration, and good baseline analysis.

  More specifically, to provide a minimum carbon sensitivity of 500: 1 (according to ASTM Code E386) in order to accurately measure all molecules having a low amount of at least one aromatic functional group by NMR. The standard D5292-99 method was modified. A 15-hour continuous test by 400-500 MHz NMR using a 10-12 mm Narorac probe was used. AcornPC integration software was used to clarify the shape of the baseline and to integrate continuously. The carrier frequency was changed once during the test to avoid spurious signals so as not to form an image of the aliphatic peak in the aromatic region. By taking the spectrum on either side of the carrier spectrum, the resolution was significantly improved.

Measurement of olefin weight percent:
The weight percent of olefin was measured by proton NMR (PROTON NMR) as described in the following steps, ad.
a) Prepare a solution of 5-10 wt% test hydrocarbons in deuterated chloroform.
b) Acquire a normal proton spectrum of at least 12 ppm spectral width and accurately reference the chemical shift (ppm) axis. The equipment used must have a sufficient increment to acquire the signal without overloading the receiver / ADC (analog to digital converter). If a 30 degree pulse is applied, the instrument must have a minimum signal digitization operating range of 65,000. Preferably, the operating range will be 260,000 or more.
c) Measure the integrated intensity between 6.0-4.5 ppm (olefin), 2.2-1.9 ppm (allyl compound), and 1.9-0.5 ppm (saturated hydrocarbon).
d) Using the molecular weight of the test substance measured according to ASTM D2502 or ASTM D2503, calculate:
1) Average molecular formula of saturated hydrocarbons,
2) Average molecular formula of olefin,
3) Total integrated intensity (= sum of all integrated intensity),
4) Integrated intensity per sample hydrogen (= total integrated intensity / number of hydrogens in the equation)
5) Number of olefinic hydrogens (= olefin integral strength / integral strength per hydrogen),
6) Number of double bonds (= olefin hydrogen x hydrogen in olefin formula / 2), and 7)% by weight of olefin by PROTON NMR = 100 x number of double bonds x (number of hydrogen in typical olefin molecule) / (typical Number of hydrogens in a test substance molecule).

  The calculation of olefin weight percent by PROTON NMR described in step d) works best when the resulting olefin weight percent is less than about 15 weight percent. The olefin must be a “conventional” olefin, ie, a dispersion mixture of olefins having hydrogen bonded to double bond carbon, such as alpha, vinylidene, cis, trans, and trisubstituted. These olefin types will have a detectable integral ratio of allyl compound to olefin between 1 and about 2.5. If this ratio exceeds about 3, it indicates that a higher percentage of tri- or tetra-substituted olefin is present and that different assumptions must be made to calculate the number of double bonds in the sample.

Cycloparaffin distribution by FIMS (Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry) Paraffin is considered more desirable because it is more stable to oxidation than cycloparaffin. Monocycloparaffins are believed to be more stable to oxidation than multicycloparaffins. However, if the weight percent of all molecules having at least one cycloparaffinic functionality is very low in oil, the additive solubility is low and the elastomer compatibility is poor. An example of an oil having these properties is Fischer-Tropsch oil (GTL oil) having less than about 5% cycloparaffins. In order to improve these properties in the finished product, expensive co-solvents such as esters must often be added. Preferably, oil fractions derived from high paraffinic waxes and used as dielectric fluids have high oxidative stability, low volatility, good miscibility with other oils, good additive solubility, and In order to have good elastomer compatibility, it contains a high weight percent monocycloparaffin functional molecule and a low weight percent multicycloparaffin functional molecule.

The lubricant base oils of the present invention have been characterized by FIMS into alkanes and molecules with different numbers of unsaturations. The distribution of molecules in the oil fraction was measured by field ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS). FIMS spectra were obtained on a Micromass VG 70VSE mass spectrometer. Samples were introduced into the spectrophotometer via a solid probe, preferably by placing a small amount (about 0.1 mg) of the base oil to be tested into a glass capillary. The capillary was placed at the tip of a mass spectrometer solid probe, and the probe was heated from about 40 ° C. to 500 ° C. at a rate of 50 ° C./min while operating under a vacuum of about 10 ⁻⁶ Torr. . The mass spectrometer was scanned from m / z (mass / charge number) 40 to m / z 1000 at a rate of 5 seconds per decade. The resulting mass spectra were combined to create one “averaged” spectrum. Each spectrum was ¹³ C corrected using a software package from PC-MassSpec.

  The response factor for all compound types was assumed to be 1.0 so that weight percent was measured from area percent. The resulting mass spectra were combined to create one “averaged” spectrum. The output from the FIMS analysis is the average of alkanes, 1-unsaturated, 2-unsaturated, 3-unsaturated, 4-unsaturated, 5-unsaturated, and 6-unsaturated in the test sample. Weight percent.

  Molecules with different numbers of unsaturations may consist of cycloparaffins, olefins, and aromatics. If aromatics are present in significant amounts in the lubricant base oil, they will likely be identified as 4-unsaturated in the FIMS analysis. If olefins are present in significant amounts in the lubricant base oil, they will probably be identified as 1-unsaturated in the FIMS analysis. Sum of 1-unsaturated, 2-unsaturated, 3-unsaturated, 4-unsaturated, 5-unsaturated and 6-unsaturated from FIMS analysis, olefin weight by negative proton NMR The percent, and the weight percent of aromatics by minus HPLC-UV, is the total weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules in the lubricant base oil of the present invention. The sum of 2-unsaturated, 3-unsaturated, 4-unsaturated, 5-unsaturated, and 6-unsaturated from FIMS analysis, weight percent aromatics by minus HPLC-UV is: It is the weight percent of multicycloparaffin functional molecules in the base oil of the present invention. Note that if the aromatic content was not measured, it was assumed that it was less than 0.1% by weight and was not included in the calculation of the total weight percent of the cycloparaffinic functional molecules.

  In one aspect, a lubricant base oil derived from a highly paraffinic wax has a weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules of greater than 10, preferably greater than 15, and more preferably greater than 20. They have a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecule to multicycloparaffin functional molecule of greater than 15, preferably greater than 50, more preferably greater than 100. In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil derived from a highly paraffinic wax has a weight percentage of monocycloparaffin functional molecules greater than 10 and a weight percentage of multicycloparaffin functional molecules less than 0.1, Or even without multicycloparaffin functional molecules. In this embodiment, a lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax may have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and about 20 cSt, preferably between about 2 cSt and about 12 cSt.

  In another embodiment of a lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax, the relationship between the weight percent of all molecules having at least one cycloparaffinic functionality and the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant base oil of the present invention. There is. That is, the higher the kinematic viscosity expressed in cSt at 100 ° C., the higher the amount of cycloparaffin functional molecules obtained. In a preferred embodiment, the lubricant base oil derived from a highly paraffinic wax has a weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules greater than 3 times the kinematic viscosity expressed in cSt, preferably greater than 15, more preferably 20 And the weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecule to multicycloparaffin functional molecule is greater than 15, preferably greater than 50, more preferably greater than 100. A lubricant base oil derived from a high paraffinic wax has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and about 20 cSt, preferably between about 2 cSt and about 12 cSt. Examples of these base oils can have a kinematic viscosity between about 2 cSt and about 3.3 cSt at 100 ° C. and a weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules that are high but less than 10 weight percent.

  The modified ASTM D 5292-99 and HPLC-UV test methods used to measure low aromatics and the FIMS test method used to characterize saturated hydrocarbons were published on March 16, 1999 in Houston. Submitted by the American Chemical Industry Research Institute (AIChE) 1999 Spring National Conference. C. Kramer et al., “Effects of Group II and III Base Oil Compositions on Viscosity Index and Oxidative Stability”, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

  Although high paraffinic wax feeds are essentially free of olefins, base oil processing techniques can introduce olefins for “cracking” reactions, especially at high temperatures. In the presence of heat or ultraviolet light, olefins can polymerize to form higher molecular weight products, which can color the base oil or cause precipitation. In general, olefins can be removed during the process of the invention by hydrofinishing or by clay treatment.

  Properties of typical Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oils suitable for use in the present lubricant mixture are summarized in Table II in the Examples.

  Of the heterogeneous saturated hydrocarbons found in lubricant base oils, paraffins have traditionally been considered more desirable because they are more stable to oxidation than cycloparaffins (naphthenes). However, when the amount of aromatics in the base oil is less than 1% by weight, the most effective way to further improve oxidative stability is to increase the viscosity index of the base oil. Lubricant base oils derived from high paraffinic waxes, including Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oils, typically contain less than 1% aromatics. Thanks to the very low amount of aromatic compounds and multi-cyclic cycloparaffins in the lubricant base oils derived from the high paraffinic waxes of the present invention, their high oxidative stability is the same as that of conventional lubricant base oils. Far beyond oxidative stability. In addition, Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oils are generally classified as API Group III base oils and have a low sulfur content of less than 5 ppm, a saturated hydrocarbon content of greater than 95%, a high viscosity index of greater than 120, and excellent low temperature flow. Has characteristics.

Petroleum-derived base oil fraction The lubricant mixture according to the invention also comprises a petroleum-derived base oil fraction. The petroleum derived base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture of the present invention contains more than 90% by weight saturated hydrocarbons and less than 300 ppm sulfur. Petroleum derived base oils are often referred to as neutral oils. In general, neutral oils are classified as heavy, medium, and light. The heavy neutral base oil has a normal boiling range of about 900 ° F. to about 1000 ° F., a pour point of about −7 ° C. or less, and a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of about 8 cSt to about 20 cSt. The intermediate neutral base oil has a normal boiling point range of about 800 ° F. to about 900 ° F., an intermediate pour point of heavy and light neutral oil, and a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of about 5 cSt to about 8 cSt. The light neutral base oil has a normal boiling point range of about 700 ° F. to about 800 ° F., a pour point of about −15 ° C. and below, and a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of about 4 cSt to about 5 cSt. The petroleum derived base oil fraction used in the lubricant mixture of the present invention can be a heavy neutral base oil, an intermediate neutral base oil, or a mixture thereof.

  Preferably, the petroleum derived base oil fraction is selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof. In accordance with the present invention, it has been unexpectedly discovered that lubricant mixtures using petroleum derived Group II base oils have substantially lower Brookfield viscosities than mixtures using Group I base oils. It is expected that lubricant mixtures using petroleum derived Group III base oils will also exhibit substantially lower Brookfield viscosities than mixtures using Group I base oils.

  Standards for lubricant base oils are defined in the API Interchange Guidelines (1509, API publication) as follows using sulfur content, saturated hydrocarbon content, and viscosity index.

  Factory equipment that manufactures Group I base oils typically uses solvents to extract relatively low viscosity index (VI) components to increase the VI of the crude oil to the desired specification. These solvents are typically phenol or furfural. Solvent extraction yields a product having less than 90% saturated hydrocarbons and more than 300 ppm sulfur. The majority of lubricant production in the world is in Group I category.

  Factory equipment that manufactures Group II base oils typically uses a hydrotreating process such as hydrocracking or a rigorous hydrotreating process to increase the VI of the crude oil to specification. By using hydrotreating processes, the saturated hydrocarbon content typically increases above 90 and sulfur decreases below 300 ppm. About 20% of lubricant base oil production in the world is in Group II category, and about 50% of production in the United States is Group II.

  Factory equipment that produces Group III base oils typically uses wax isomerization techniques to produce very high VI products. Since the starting feed is a waxy vacuum gas oil (VGO) or a wax containing all saturated hydrocarbons but only a small amount of sulfur, the Group III product has a saturated hydrocarbon content above 90 and above 300 ppm. Has a lower sulfur content. Fischer-Tropsch wax is an ideal feed for the wax isomerization process to produce Group III lubricant oils. Only a small percentage of the world's lubricant supply is in Group III category.

  Group IV lubricant base oils are derived by oligomerization of linear alpha olefins and are referred to as polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricant base oils. All Group V lubricant base oils are others. This group includes synthetic esters, silicone lubricants, halogenated lubricant base oils, and lubricant base oils with VI values below 80. The latter can be described as a petroleum derived group V lubricant base oil. Petroleum-derived Group V lubricant base oils are typically produced by the same methods used to produce Group I and II lubricant base oils, but under less severe conditions.

  Preferably, the petroleum derived base oil fraction is selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof.

Pour Point Depressant The lubricant mixture of the present invention further comprises at least one pour point depressant. Pour point depressants are known in the art and include esters of maleic anhydride / styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds, vinyl carboxylates. And terpolymers of dialkyl fumarate, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, alkylphenol / formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers, olefin copolymers, and mixtures thereof. It is not limited. Preferably, the pour point depressant is polymethacrylate.

  Pour point depressants used in the present invention are described in US patent application 10 / 704,031, filed Nov. 7, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The pour point depressing base oil mixing component produced from the isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product may be used. When used, the pour point depressing base oil mixing component reduces the pour point of the lubricant mixture by at least 3 ° C from the pour point of the lubricant mixture in the absence of the pour point depressing base oil mixing component. Let The pour point depressing base oil blending component comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax and a lubricant mixture comprising a petroleum derived base oil (ie, the mixture in the absence of pour point depressant. ) An isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product having a pour point at least 3 ° C. higher than the pour point of For example, if the target pour point of the lubricant mixture is −9 ° C. and the pour point of the lubricant mixture in the absence of the pour point depressant is higher than −9 ° C., the pour point of the mixture is lowered to the target value. A sufficient amount of the present pour point depressing base oil blending component will be mixed with the lubricant mixture.

  The isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product used to lower the pour point of the lubricant mixture is usually recovered as residual oil from a vacuum column in a Fischer-Tropsch operation. The average molecular weight of the pour point depressing base oil blending component is usually in the range of about 600 to about 1100, with an average molecular weight between about 700 and about 1000 being preferred. Typically, the pour point of the pour point depressing base oil blending component will be between about -9 ° C and about 20 ° C. The 10 percent point of the boiling point range of the pour point depressing base oil blending component will usually be in the range of about 850 ° F to about 1050 ° F. Preferably, the pour point depressing base oil blending component will have an average intramolecular branching between about 6.5 and about 10 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms.

  In one embodiment, the lubricant mixture can include a pour point depressant and an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product well known in the art. In such embodiments, preferably the lubricant mixture comprises 0.05 to 15% by weight isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product.

Lubricant Mixture The lubricant mixture of the present invention comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant. The lubricant mixture is preferably a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax in an amount of about 10 to 80% by weight, in an amount of about 20 to 90% by weight, based on the total lubricant mixture. Petroleum derived base oil and a pour point depressant in an amount of about 0.01-12% by weight.

  The lubricant mixture exhibits a surprisingly low Brookfield viscosity. The lubricant mixture exhibits a Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. of less than 100,000 cP. Preferably, the lubricant mixture of the present invention is less than 90,000 cP at -40 ° C, more preferably less than 60,000 cP, more preferably less than 50,000 cP, more preferably less than 35,000 cP, even more Preferably it will have a Brookfield viscosity below 25,000 cP and even more preferably below 15,000 cP.

  The lubricant mixtures and finished gear oils containing these lubricant mixtures have good kinematic viscosity, low Noack volatility, high oxidative stability, and low pour point in addition to exceptionally low Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. As well as desirable properties including cloud points. Thus, the lubricant mixture of the present invention can be used to produce high quality gear oils.

  These lubricant mixtures have a viscosity of about 3 cSt or higher at 100 ° C. and good low temperature properties. Preferably, the lubricant mixture has a viscosity index greater than 120. In one embodiment, the lubricant mixture has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of greater than or equal to about 3.0 cSt and less than about 5.0 cSt. In other embodiments, the lubricant mixture has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of greater than or equal to about 5.0 cSt and less than about 7.0 cSt.

  The lubricant mixture comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. between about 2 cSt and about 20 cSt. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from the high paraffinic wax can vary the kinematic viscosity within this range, and the Brookfield viscosity of the lubricant mixture is the lubricant derived from the high paraffinic wax. It can vary according to the kinematic viscosity of the base oil fraction. In one embodiment, the lubricant mixture comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. between about 2 cSt and 3 cSt. In this embodiment, preferably the lubricant mixture has a Brookfield viscosity of less than 35,000 cP at -40 ° C. In another embodiment, the lubricant mixture comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 3 cSt and 6 cSt. In this embodiment, preferably the lubricant mixture has a Brookfield viscosity of less than 60,000 cP at -40 ° C. In yet another embodiment, the lubricant mixture comprises a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a paraffinic high wax having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt. In this embodiment, preferably the lubricant mixture has a Brookfield viscosity of less than 90,000 cP at -40 ° C.

  The lubricant mixture can be made by mixing a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant by techniques known to those skilled in the art. . The lubricant mixture component is a single step that provides a lubricant mixture directly starting from the individual components (ie, Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction, petroleum derived base oil, and pour point depressant). Can be mixed. Alternatively, a mixture obtained by first mixing a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a highly paraffinic wax and a petroleum derived lubricant base oil may be mixed with a pour point depressant. A mixture of a lubricant base oil fraction and a petroleum derived lubricant base oil derived from a highly paraffinic wax may be isolated as is, or a pour point depressant may be added immediately.

  In some preferred embodiments, the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.

Gear Oil To provide a finished lubricant (ie, gear oil), the lubricant mixture according to the present invention is mixed with at least one additive in addition to the pour point depressant. When the lubricant mixture of the present invention is mixed with at least one additive in addition to the pour point depressant to provide a gear oil, the gear oil also includes exceptional low temperature properties, including low Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C. Indicates.

  The additive in addition to the pour point depressant is an anti-wear additive, extreme pressure agent, detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, viscosity index improver, ester auxiliary solvent, viscosity modifier, friction modifier , Demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, seal swelling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, lubricity improvers, metal deactivators, gelling agents, adhesives, bactericides, fluid loss additives, It can be selected from the group consisting of colorants, thickeners, and combinations thereof.

  When adding viscosity index improvers, they are preferably present in an amount less than 8 weight percent, and when adding an ester co-solvent, they are preferably present in an amount less than 3 weight percent.

  In order to blend gear oil having a high kinematic viscosity such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 68 or more, a thickener additive can be used. The ISO viscosity grades for industrial fluid lubricants are as follows:

  Examples of thickeners include polyisobutylene, high molecular weight complex esters, butyl rubber, olefin copolymers, styrene diene polymers, polymethacrylates, styrene esters, and ultra high viscosity polyalphaolefins.

  The gear oil can be produced by adding the lubricant mixture according to the invention to the pour point depressant and mixing with at least one additive by techniques known to those skilled in the art. The gear oil is mixed in a single step that provides the gear oil directly starting from the individual components (ie, Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction, petroleum derived base oil, and pour point depressant). I can do it. In another method, a lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax, a petroleum derived base oil, and a pour point depressant are first mixed to provide a lubricant mixture, and then the lubricant mixture is You may mix with the additive in addition to a pour point depressant. The lubricant mixture may be isolated as is, or additional additives may be added immediately.

  The components of the lubricant mixture can be manufactured at a location different from where the components of the lubricant mixture are received and mixed. Further, the gear oil can be manufactured at a location different from the location where the components of the lubricant mixture are received and mixed. Preferably, the lubricant mixture and gear oil are manufactured at the same location, different from where the components of the lubricant mixture are initially manufactured. Furthermore, the components of the lubricant mixture (ie, Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction, petroleum derived base oil, and pour point depressant) can be produced at different locations.

  Where the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction, preferably the Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil fraction is remotely located (ie, A location away from the refinery or market, which may be more expensive than the construction cost in the refinery or market, in quantitative terms, between the remote location and the refinery or market Transport distance is at least 100 miles, preferably longer than 500 miles, most preferably longer than 1000 miles.).

  Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil is manufactured at a first remote location and transported to a second location. The petroleum derived base oil can be produced at the same location as the first remote location or at a third remote location. The second location receives additives including Fischer-Tropsch lubricant base oil, petroleum derived base oil, and pour point depressant, and a lubricant mixture is produced at this second location. Preferably, gear oil is also produced at this second location.

[Example]
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be non-limiting.

Oxidation stability was measured using the Oxidator BN test with L-4 catalyst. The Oxidator BN test using L-4 catalyst was tested for oxidation resistance by the Dornte oxygen absorber (Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1936, 28, 26, "Oxidation of white oil" by RW Dornte). It is a test to measure. Typically, the conditions are pure oxygen at 340 ° F. at 1 atmosphere and report the time to absorb 1000 ml of O ₂ with 100 g of oil. In the Oxidator BN test with L-4 catalyst, 0.8 ml of catalyst per 100 g of oil is used. The catalyst is a mixture of soluble metal naphthenates that simulates the average metal analysis of spent crankcase oil. The Oxidator BN test using L-4 catalyst measures the response of the finished lubricant in a simulated application. A high value, ie a long time for adsorbing 1 liter of oxygen, indicates good stability.

Production of Fischer-Tropsch Wax and Fischer-Tropsch Lubricant Base Oil Two samples of hydrotreated Fischer-Tropsch wax, FT wax A and FT wax B, were produced using a Co-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Both samples were analyzed and found to have the properties shown in Table I.

The Fischer-Tropsch wax has a weight ratio of a compound having at least 60 carbon atoms to a compound having at least 30 carbon atoms that is less than 0.18 and has T ₉₀ boiling points of 900 ° F. and 1000 ° F. It was between. Three samples of the Fischer-Tropsch wax (one sample of FT wax A and two samples of FT wax B) were hydroisomerized over a Pt / SAPO-11 catalyst on an alumina binder. Operating conditions included a temperature between 652 ° F. and 695 ° F. (315 ° C. and 399 ° C.), a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.6-1.0 hr ⁻¹ , a reactor pressure of 1000 psig, and 6 MSCF / bbl A single flow hydrogen rate between 7 MSCF / bbl was included. The reactor effluent passed directly to a second reactor containing a Pt / Pd hydrofinishing catalyst on silica-alumina also operated at 1000 psig. Conditions in the second reactor included a liquid hourly space velocity of 450 ° F. (232 ° C.) and 1.0 hr ⁻¹ .

  Products boiling above 650 ° F. were rectified by atmospheric or vacuum distillation to produce distillate fractions of different viscosity grades.

  Three Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fractions, FT-4A (from FT wax A), and FT-2B and FT-8B (from FT wax B) were obtained. Thus, a FT wax A was used to produce a 4.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-4A) and a FT wax B was used to produce a 2.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base. An oil fraction (FT-2B) and an 8 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-8B) were prepared. Test data for individual fractions useful as Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fractions are shown in Table II below.

Production of Lubricant Mixture The Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction produced above (FT-2B, FT-4A, and FT-8B) was used to produce a lubricant mixture with petroleum base oil. The petroleum base oil used to mix with the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction is as follows:

  Four different mixtures of FT-2B, petroleum derived Group I or Group II base oils summarized in the table above, and polymethacrylate pour point depressants were prepared. All of these four lubricant mixtures had a kinematic viscosity within one of the preferred ranges of about 3 cSt or more and less than 5.0 cSt.

  All of these mixtures had a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 at -40 ° C. It was surprising that the mixture with petroleum derived Group II base oil had a substantially lower Brookfield viscosity than the mixture with Group I base oil. It is expected that mixtures with petroleum derived Group III base oils will produce results as good as or better than those with petroleum derived Group II base oils. The result of the mixture using a 2.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-2B) is illustrated in FIG.

  Five different lubricant mixtures were made using FT-4A. A mixture of all FTs using FT-4A, FT-8, and polymethacrylate pour point depressant was prepared for comparison. The other four mixtures were made using FT-4A, the petroleum derived Group I or Group II base oil detailed above, and a polymethacrylate pour point depressant. All four of these lubricant mixtures had a kinematic viscosity within one of the preferred ranges of about 5.0 cSt or more and less than 6.5 cSt. The properties of these mixtures are summarized below.

  All of the comparative lubricant mixtures using the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction and the polymethacrylate pour point depressant had an unacceptably high Brookfield viscosity of greater than 1 million cP at -40 ° C. The mixture of FT-4A and petroleum derived group I base oil was not the best because it had a Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. higher than 100,000 cP. The mixture with the petroleum derived group II base oil had a Brookfield viscosity well below 100,000 cP at -40 ° C, making it a suitable lubricant mixture of the present invention. Similar to the blend with FT-2B, the blend with petroleum derived Group II base oil had a significantly lower Brookfield viscosity than the blend with petroleum derived Group I base oil. Similar to FT-2B blends, blends of FT-4A with petroleum-derived group III base oils and pour point depressants produce results as good as or better than those with petroleum-derived group II base oils. It is expected that. The result of the mixture using a 4.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-4A) is illustrated in FIG.

Comparative Example A sample of hydrotreated Fischer-Tropsch wax, FT wax C, was prepared using a Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. The sample, FT wax C, was analyzed and found to have the properties shown in Table VI.

A sample of the FT wax C was hydroisomerized over a Pt / SAPO-11 catalyst on an alumina binder. Operating conditions included a temperature between 652 ° F. and 695 ° F. (315 ° C. and 399 ° C.), a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 hr ⁻¹ , a reactor pressure of 1000 psig, and 6 MSCF / bbl and 7 MSCF / bbl. Single flow hydrogen velocities between were included. The reactor effluent passed directly to a second reactor containing a Pt / Pd hydrofinishing catalyst on silica-alumina also operated at 1000 psig. Conditions in the second reactor included a liquid hourly space velocity of 450 ° F. (232 ° C.) and 1.0 hr ⁻¹ .

  The product boiling above 650 ° F. was rectified by atmospheric or vacuum distillation to produce two fractions of different viscosity grades.

  Thus, a 6.3 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-6.3) and a 14.6 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction (FT-14.6) were obtained. The properties of the two Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fractions are shown in Table VII below.

  Neither FT-6.3 nor FT-14.6 satisfied the desired weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules. The ratio for both of these samples was only 11.6.

  Group II heavy neutral petroleum base oils characterized in Table III, each using the Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fractions (FT-6.3 and FT-14.6) produced above, And a lubricant mixture with polymethacrylate as pour point depressant was prepared. The composition and properties of the resulting two mixtures are summarized in Table VIII below.

  The two resulting mixtures made with a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction that does not meet the desired weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffinic functional molecule to multicycloparaffinic functional molecule are 100 at -40 ° C. It had a Brookfield viscosity significantly higher than 1,000,000 cP. These mixtures also had a lower viscosity index than preferred, ie the viscosity index was lower than 120. Therefore, these two mixtures would not be suitable for use in high quality gear lubricant formulations.

  While this invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments, this application is intended to protect various modifications and substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Figure 3 illustrates the results of a lubricant mixture using a 2.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived fraction (FT-2B). FIG. 3 illustrates the results of a lubricant mixture using 4.5 cSt Fischer-Tropsch derived fraction (FT-4A).

Claims (54)

A lubricant mixture,
a. A lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C. of about 10 to about 80 weight percent based on the total lubricant mixture;
(I) less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics;
Derived from high paraffinic waxes having (ii) greater than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecules and (iii) greater than 15 weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffinic functional molecules to multicycloparaffinic functional molecules Said lubricant base oil fraction,
b. About 20 to about 90 weight percent petroleum derived base oil based on the total lubricant mixture selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof; and c. The lubricant mixture comprising about 0.01-12 weight percent pour point depressant, based on the total lubricant mixture, having a viscosity of greater than about 3 cSt at 100 ° C and a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 cP at -40 ° C. .   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 50,000 cP at -40 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 25,000 cP at -40 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 15,000 cP at -40 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, having a viscosity of about 3 cSt or more and less than 5.0 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, having a viscosity of about 5.0 cSt or more and less than 7.0 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a viscosity index greater than 120.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax comprises a weight percent of monocycloparaffinic functional molecules of greater than 10 and a weight percent of multicycloparaffinic functional molecules of less than 0.1. Lubricant mixture.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax comprises greater than 10 weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules greater than 50. .   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 3 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 13 having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 35,000 cP at -40 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 3 cSt and 6 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 15, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 60,000 cP at -40 ° C. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has the following formula:
Noack volatility coefficient = 1000 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) ^−2.7
The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a Noack volatility that is lower than the Noack volatility coefficient calculated by:   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight percent. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has the following formula:
Viscosity index coefficient = 28 × ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) +95
The lubricant mixture of claim 1 having a viscosity index higher than the viscosity index coefficient calculated by:   The lubricant mixture of claim 1 wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has an Oxidator BN test result using an L-4 catalyst that is longer than 25 hours.   The petroleum derived base oil is selected from the group consisting of a base oil having a kinematic viscosity of about 8 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C., a base oil having a kinematic viscosity of about 5 to about 8 cSt at 100 ° C., and mixtures thereof. The lubricant mixture of claim 1.   The pour point depressant is an ester of maleic anhydride / styrene copolymer, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, condensation product of haloparaffin wax and aromatic compound, vinyl carboxylate polymer, and dialkyl fumarate. 2. The lubrication of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of terpolymers, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, alkylphenol / formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers, olefin copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Agent mixture.   The lubrication of claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant is an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product having an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1100 and a 10 percent boiling range of about 850 ° F to about 1050 ° F. Agent mixture.   23. The lubricant mixture of claim 22, further comprising about 0.05 to 15 weight percent isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product based on the total lubricant mixture.   The pour point depressant is an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product having an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1100 and a 10 percent boiling point of about 850 ° F. to about 1050 ° F., and maleic anhydride / styrene copolymer Ester of polymer, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, condensation product of haloparaffin wax and aromatic compound, vinyl carboxylic acid polymer, terpolymer of dialkyl fumarate, vinyl ester of fatty acid, ethylene / acetic acid The lubricant mixture of claim 1 which is a mixture of additives selected from the group consisting of vinyl copolymers, alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers, olefin copolymers, and mixtures thereof.   The lubricant mixture of claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant is polymethacrylate. A lubricant mixture,
a. A lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 12 cSt at 100 ° C. of about 10 to about 80 weight percent based on the total lubricant mixture;
(I) less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics;
Derived from high paraffinic waxes having (ii) greater than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecules and (iii) greater than 15 weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffinic functional molecules to multicycloparaffinic functional molecules Said lubricant base oil fraction,
b. From about 20 to about 90 weight percent petroleum derived base oil based on the total lubricant mixture, comprising greater than 90 weight percent saturated hydrocarbons and less than 300 ppm sulfur; and c. The lubricant mixture comprising about 0.01-12 weight percent pour point depressant, based on the total lubricant mixture, having a viscosity of greater than about 3 cSt at 100 ° C and a Brookfield viscosity of less than 90,000 cP at -40 ° C. .   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 60,000 cP at −40 ° C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 35,000 cP at -40 [deg.] C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 15,000 cP at -40 [deg.] C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a viscosity greater than about 3 cSt and less than 5.0 cSt at 100 ° C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a viscosity greater than about 5.0 cSt and less than 7.0 cSt at 100 ° C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a viscosity index greater than 120.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax comprises greater than 10 weight percent of cycloparaffinic functional molecules.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffin functional molecules to multicycloparaffin functional molecules greater than 50. .   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 3 cSt at 100 ° C.   The lubricant mixture of claim 37, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 35,000 cP at -40 ° C.   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a viscosity of between about 3 cSt and 6 cSt at 100 ° C.   40. The lubricant mixture of claim 39, having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 60,000 cP at -40 <0> C. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has the following formula:
Noack volatility coefficient = 1000 (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) ^−2.7
28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a Noack volatility lower than a Noack volatility coefficient calculated by:   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has a Noack volatility of less than 50 weight percent. The lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has the following formula:
Viscosity index coefficient = 28 × ln (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricant base oil fraction derived from high paraffin wax) +95
28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, having a viscosity index greater than the viscosity index coefficient calculated by:   28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax has an Oxidator BN test result using an L-4 catalyst that is longer than 25 hours.   The petroleum derived base oil is selected from the group consisting of a base oil having a kinematic viscosity of about 8 to about 20 cSt at 100 ° C., a base oil having a kinematic viscosity of about 5 to about 8 cSt at 100 ° C., and mixtures thereof. 28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27.   The pour point depressant is an ester of maleic anhydride / styrene copolymer, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, condensation product of haloparaffin wax and aromatic compound, vinyl carboxylate polymer, and dialkyl fumarate. 28. The lubrication of claim 27, selected from the group consisting of terpolymers, fatty acid vinyl esters, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, alkylphenol / formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers, olefin copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Agent mixture.   28. The lubrication of claim 27, wherein the pour point depressant is an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product having an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1100 and a 10 percent boiling range of about 850 ° F to about 1050 ° F. Agent mixture.   The pour point depressant is an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottom product having an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1100 and a 10 percent boiling point of about 850 ° F. to about 1050 ° F., and maleic anhydride / styrene copolymer Ester of polymer, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, condensation product of haloparaffin wax and aromatic compound, vinyl carboxylic acid polymer, terpolymer of dialkyl fumarate, vinyl ester of fatty acid, ethylene / acetic acid 28. The lubricant mixture of claim 27, wherein the lubricant mixture is a mixture of additives selected from the group consisting of vinyl copolymers, alkylphenol-formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers, olefin copolymers, and mixtures thereof.   A gear oil comprising the lubricant mixture of claim 1 and at least one additive in addition to the pour point depressant.   50. The gear oil of claim 49, wherein the lubricant base oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is a Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricant base oil fraction.   The at least one additive in addition to the pour point depressant is an antiwear additive, extreme pressure agent, detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, viscosity index improver, ester auxiliary solvent, viscosity modifier Agent, friction modifier, demulsifier, antifoaming agent, corrosion inhibitor, rust inhibitor, seal swelling agent, emulsifier, wetting agent, lubricity improver, metal deactivator, gelling agent, adhesive, bactericidal agent 50. The gear oil of claim 49, selected from the group consisting of: a fluid loss additive, a colorant, a thickener, and combinations thereof.   28. A gear oil comprising at least one additive in addition to the lubricant mixture of claim 27 and the pour point depressant.   The at least one additive in addition to the pour point depressant is an antiwear additive, extreme pressure agent, detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, viscosity index improver, ester auxiliary solvent, viscosity modifier Agent, friction modifier, demulsifier, antifoaming agent, corrosion inhibitor, rust inhibitor, seal swelling agent, emulsifier, wetting agent, lubricity improver, metal deactivator, gelling agent, adhesive, bactericidal agent 53. The gear oil of claim 52, selected from the group consisting of: a fluid loss additive, a colorant, a thickener, and combinations thereof. A method for producing a lubricant mixture, comprising:
a. A lubricating oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax having a viscosity of between about 2 cSt and 20 cSt at 100 ° C.
(I) less than 0.30 weight percent aromatics;
Derived from high paraffinic waxes having (ii) greater than 5 weight percent cycloparaffinic functional molecules and (iii) greater than 15 weight percent ratio of monocycloparaffinic functional molecules to multicycloparaffinic functional molecules Preparing the lubricating oil fraction,
b. The lubricating oil fraction derived from a high paraffinic wax is mixed with a petroleum derived base oil selected from the group consisting of Group II base oils, Group III base oils, and mixtures thereof, and pour point depressants. And c. A method for producing a lubricant mixture as described above, characterized in that a lubricant mixture having a Brookfield viscosity of less than 100,000 cP at -40 ° C is isolated.

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