JP2007525287A - 微生物の増殖及びバイオフィルム形成に抵抗性のある移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置 - Google Patents
微生物の増殖及びバイオフィルム形成に抵抗性のある移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、2002年2月8日に出願された、名称「微生物増殖及びバイオフィルム形成に抵抗性のある移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置(Implantable Or Insertable Medical Device Resistant To Microbial Growth And BiofilmFormation)」の米国特許出願第10/071,840号の同時係属の一部継続出願であり、この出願は全体が本願明細書に引用により組入れられている。
本発明は、装置上及び装置の環境中での微生物増殖に対する抵抗性並びに装置上への微生物の接着及びバイオフィルム形成に対する抵抗性を提供する、移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置に関する。別の態様において、本発明は、そのような移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置の製造法、特に少なくとも1個のマトリックスポリマー領域、微生物の増殖への抵抗性を提供するための抗微生物薬、並びに/又は医療装置の表面への微生物の付着及び表面上でのバイオフィルムの合成及び蓄積を阻害するための微生物の付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬を備えるそのような装置の製造法に関する。
金属、ポリマー又は金属及びポリマー材料の複合材料で製造されたステントのような、移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置は、微生物のコロニー形成及び付着のために閉塞することが多い。この問題点は、比較的長期間、すなわち、約30日間から約12ヶ月間又はそれよりも長く移植され続けるように適合された医療装置において、特に蔓延している。細菌などの微生物は、医療装置の上及び周囲に頻繁にコロニー形成し、並びに装置の表面への付着時には、増殖し及び細胞外ポマー物質、典型的には多糖からなる複合マトリックス内に凝集塊を形成する。付着した微生物及び会合した細胞外ポリマー物質の塊は、一般にバイオフィルム又はスライムと称される。抗微生物薬は、バイオフィルムに浸透すること、並びにバイオフィルム内の微生物を殺傷し及び/又は増殖を阻害することが困難である。装置の上及び周囲の微生物のコロニー形成、並びにバイオフィルム障壁の合成は、最終的には装置に外被形成(encrustation)、閉塞及び故障を生じる。
本発明のひとつの態様は、少なくとも1種の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー領域、及び抗微生物薬、微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬又は両方を含む生物活性物質を備える、移植し得る医療装置に関する。一部の好ましい態様において、医療装置は複数の区別できるマトリックスポリマー領域を備える。マトリックスポリマー領域を少なくとも部分的に被覆する1個又は複数のバリア層が、本発明のある好ましい態様において提供されてもよい。好ましい抗微生物薬は、トリクロサン、クロルヘキシジン及びそれらの塩又は組合せを含む。その他の抗微生物薬は、ニトロフラゾン、塩化ベンザルコニウム、銀塩、並びにリファンピン、ゲンタマイシン及びミノサイクリンなどの抗生物質を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。好ましい微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬は、サリチル酸及びそれらの塩及び誘導体を含む。放射線不透過剤が、マトリックスポリマー領域内に任意に含まれてもよく、及び1種以上の治療薬が存在してもよい。マトリックスポリマー及び任意のバリア層は好ましくは、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー、エチレンのアクリル酸又はメタクリル酸とのコポリマー;メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン及びポリエチレンコポリマー、アイオノマー、エラストマー系材料、例えばポリウレタンエラストマー及びポリウレタンコポリマー、シリコーン及びそれらの混合物などの、生分解性の又は実質的に非-生分解性の材料を含んでよい。本発明の医療装置の中には、胆管、尿管、尿道及び膵管のステント、ステントカバー、カテーテル、静脈投与装置並びに無菌及び有菌生体環境の間又はふたつの無菌生体環境間に橋かけするか又はドレナージを提供する装置がある。緩衝剤を放出する膵管ステントは、中でも好ましい膵管ステントである。
ひとつの態様において、本発明は、少なくとも1個の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー領域に加え、抗微生物薬及び/又は微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬を含有する1種以上の生体活性成分を備える、移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置に関する。
本発明の医療装置は、その構造内に放射線不透過剤も含有することができる。例えば、放射線不透過剤は、いずれかのマトリックスポリマー領域の中もしくは上に、又はマトリックスポリマー領域の表面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する任意のバリア層の中もしくは上に存在することができる。バリア層は、以下により詳細に説明される。放射線不透過剤は、装置の挿入時、及び装置が移植されている間の任意の時点での、医療装置の視認を促進する。放射線不透過剤は典型的には、x-線の散乱により機能する。x-線を散乱する医療装置の区域は、レントゲン写真上で検出可能である。中でも本発明の医療装置において有用な放射線不透過剤は、次炭酸ビスマス、ビスマスオキシクロリド、ビスマストリオキシド、硫酸バリウム、タングステン及びそれらの混合物を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。放射線不透過剤が存在する場合、これらは、マトリックスポリマーの約0.5%〜約90%、より好ましくは約10%〜約90質量%の量で存在することが好ましい。特に好ましい放射線不透過剤の量は、マトリックスポリマーの約10〜約40質量%である。
任意のマトリックスポリマー及び/又は添加剤は、引き続きの加工を促進するために、予備配合又は個別に予備混合することができる。例えば、放射線不透過剤は、マトリックスポリマーと予備配合し、その後生物活性物質と混合することができる。あるいは、次炭酸ビスマスのような、放射線不透過剤は、マトリックスポリマーと混合される前に、増圧バー(intensifier bar)を備えるv-ミキサのような装置内で生物活性物質と予備配合されてよい。
単-層マトリックスポリマー構造を、19%酢酸ビニル含量を有するエチレン酢酸ビニル(EVA)コポリマー、抗微生物薬として混合物の10質量%のトリクロサン、微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬として混合物の10質量%のサリチル酸、及び放射線不透過剤として混合物の30質量%の次炭酸ビスマスを含有する混合物から形成した。次炭酸ビスマスは、EVAコポリマーと予備配合し(62.5% EVA/37.5%次炭酸ビスマス)、並びにトリクロサン及びサリチル酸生物活性物質に添加した。あるいは、次炭酸ビスマスを、ポリマーに添加する前に、増圧バーを伴うv-ミキサ中で、トリクロサン及びサリチル酸と予備配合した。約13rpmシェルスピード及びピン-型増圧バーを伴うv-ブレンダーは、約120rpm、約15分間で、一貫して均質な粉末配合物を生成した。トリクロサン、サリチル酸及び次炭酸ビスマスを、低-剪断プロファイルスクリュデザインの、18mmスクリュ直径の二軸スクリュ押出機中のEVAコポリマーと配合した。スクリュのバレル温度は約70℃であり、スクリュ速度は約200rpmであり、処理量は約3.5kg/時であった。70℃はEVAにとって比較的低い加工温度であるので、トリクロサンは配合及び引き続きの押出を促進するための可塑剤として作用した。配合後、混合物を24:1 L/D、圧縮比3:1の低剪断スクリュを伴う、標準直径1"のスクリュの押出機中で、チューブに押出した。最高バレル温度は、次炭酸ビスマスとサリチル酸の間の反応を防止するために、約100℃であった。スクリュ速度は、剪断速度を低く維持し、過剰な粘性の熱損失を防ぐために、比較的低く、約20rpmに維持した。
実施例1に説明されたものと同じ組成及び配合を伴うマトリックスポリマー領域を有し、並びにマトリックスポリマー領域の内面及び外面を被覆するバリア層と同時押出された、3-層構造を形成した。このバリア層は、オクテンコ-モノマー含量が約24%であるエチレン-オクテンコポリマーで形成した。各バリア層は、3-層構造の総壁厚の約5%を形成する。マトリックスポリマーからの生物活性物質の放出速度を遅延又は速めるために、より厚い又はより薄いバリア層を提供することができる。配合されたマトリックスポリマー及びバリア層は、同時押出されると同時に、スクリュ速度及び温度は、生物活性物質及び/又は放射線不透過剤の過熱及び望ましくない架橋反応並びに結果的な化学修飾を避けるように制御される。同時押出は、混合区画を伴わない、圧縮比3:1の直径1"のスクリュ上でスクリュ速度約35rpmを用い行われた。バレル温度約110℃は、架橋反応を実質的に防ぐことがわかった。コポリマーバリア層は、押出機のヘッドのフォーミングダイにより高い加工温度が必要である。フォーミングダイ温度約150℃は、適当なヘッド圧、層の品質及びフォーミングダイでの架橋反応を提供することがわかった。
変動量のトリクロサン(TCN)、サリチル酸(SA)及び次炭酸ビスマス(BsC)を含有する、長さ約2cmの押出された19%酢酸ビニルEVAコポリマーチューブを、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中で、37℃で0("未処理")、3、8及び28日間、インキュベーションした。PBS中でのインキュベーションの目的は、曝露後の細菌の付着に対するSA阻害の寿命、及び押出されたチューブからのSAの放出を示すためである。チューブは、PBS中でのインキュベーション後、10-4〜10-5cfu/mlの大腸菌を含有する溶液に、約100rpmで回転しながら37℃で約4時間曝した。この曝露に続けて、この試料を生理食塩水で洗浄し、標準Mueller-Hinton寒天プレート上に確立されたパターンに従い「ローリング(rolled)」した。これらのプレートは、コロニーを形成させるために約18〜24時間インキュベーションした。コロニーを計測し、チューブ1インチ当たりのcfuとして表した。
トリクロサン(TCN)、サリチル酸(SA)及び次炭酸ビスマス(BsC)の変動量を含有する、長さ約2cmの押出された19%酢酸ビニルEVAコポリマーチューブを、大腸菌(図5)又はブドウ球菌(図6)のいずれかの寒天菌叢に挿入した。チューブは、寒天菌叢の表面から垂直上向きに伸びるように配置した(誕生ケーキのロウソクに類似)。寒天菌叢中で24時間放置後、チューブの周りの細菌増殖阻害のゾーン(直径)を測定した。このチューブを、24時間毎に新鮮な寒天プレートに移し、細菌増殖阻害のゾーンを再度測定した。図5は、大腸菌の寒天菌叢中に配置されたチューブに関する測定結果を示し、及び図6は、ブドウ球菌の寒天菌叢中に配置されたチューブに関する測定結果を示している。図5及び6は、TCNの割合が0%から最大10%まで増加するにつれて、細菌増殖阻害のゾーンが大きくなったことを示している。TCNを含まないが変動量のSAを含むチューブは、細菌増殖を効果的に阻害せず、このことは、細菌増殖阻害(細菌付着の阻害に対抗して)は、主にTCNにより提供されることを示唆している。図5及び6は、所定の割合のTCNに関して、測定された細菌増殖阻害のゾーンは、約40日又はそれよりも長い期間にわたり同様であることも示し、このことは、押出されたチューブ内のTCN成分は、その活性を長期間にわたり効果的に維持することを示唆している。
例えば泌尿器内視鏡手技後の、その手技に随伴する尿管閉塞事象における足場として作用するために、尿管ステントを使用した。ステントは、尿管閉塞を引き起こす先天性欠陥、狭窄又は悪性疾患の存在下で開存性を提供するための姑息的(palliative)装置としても使用される。本実施例の尿管ステントは、Boston Scientific(Natick, MA, USA)から市販されているPercuflex(登録商標)尿管ステントのデザインを基に形成した。そのようなステント10の概略図を、図12に例示している。ステント10は、腎側ピッグテール12、シャフト14及び膀胱側ピッグテール16を備える、円筒状ポリマー押出品である。ステント10を、尿管に挿入し、尿管の剛性を提供し、尿を通過させた。ピッグテール12、16は、ステント10を医師が一旦配置した位置に維持するために役立つ。ステント10は更に、以下と共に提供した:当該技術分野において公知であるような、(a)挿入を助けるための、先細チップ11、(b)排液を促進するために、本体の長手方向に下がるらせんパターンに配置された、複数の側孔18(1個に番号を付けている)、(c)医師が尿管に挿入されたステントのおおよその長さを知るために目視するために使用する、目盛り20(1個を図示した)、及び(d)ステントの位置期目及び抜去を補助する、ナイロン糸22。位置決め時には、そのような尿管ステント10は、典型的には膀胱鏡により、泌尿器用ガイドワイヤ上に配置され、ポジッショナーにより位置に進められる。一旦ステント近端が、腎/腎杯へと進行すると、ガイドワイヤは取り外され、ピッグテール12、16が腎と膀胱内に形成される。
トリクロサン放出試験を、ステント(すなわち、6 French, 長さ39cmステント、1X酸化エチレン(EtO)中滅菌)による、模擬/人工尿処方に関して英工業規格(British Standard)に詳述されているような人工尿(AU)への、流量0.5ml/分でのフロー-スルー放出を測定することにより行った。(同様の放出結果を、10mM PBSについて得た。)この目的のために、ステントは、AU培地へ送達するための蠕動ポンプを連結したタイゴンチューブ片の内側に配置した。チューブ及びステントを、体温に近づけるために、37℃の水浴に含浸した。放出は、120日間にわたり測定し、以下を示した:図7において、トリクロサン放出量、対、尿曝露日数、図8において、トリクロサン濃度、対、尿曝露日数、並びに図9において、放出された総トリクロサン割合(%)、対、尿曝露日数。これらの図を参照しわかるように、これらのステントは、放出第一日目に一日放出速度675μg/日(流出尿濃度0.94μg/ml)であり、30日間の曝露後の放出速度200μg/日(0.27μg/ml)であった。30日以降、放出速度は、90日後の約32μg/日(0.04μg/ml)まで低下した。90日間に放出されたトリクロサンの総量は約16mgであるか、又はステントの総トリクロサン含量の14%であった。(ステントサイズ、例えば5-8FR、20〜30cmに応じ、及び推定トリクロサン濃度11±3質量%で、ステント内の総トリクロサン含量は一般に、約100〜240mgの範囲である。)これらのデータは、このステントは、長期間(>90日間)の尿曝露後に、著しい量のトリクロサンを連続して放出することを示している。
尿管ステント及び他の尿管用医療装置の使用に関連した最も一般的な問題点は、感染及び外被形成である。尿路感染症の微生物の病因は、よく確立されかつ理論的に一貫しているとみなされる。尿管感染症に関与するほとんどの病原体は、腸内細菌(enterobacteriaceae)であり、その中で大腸菌(Escherichia coli)が最も有力な尿路病原体(80%)である。他のより一般的でない菌株は、プロテウス属(すなわちプロテウス・ミラビリス(Proteus mirabillis))、クレブシエラ属(すなわちクレブシエラ・ニューモニアエ(Klebsiella pneumoniae))、エンテロバクター属(すなわちエンテロバクター・クロアカエ(Enterobacter Cloacae))、エンテロコッカス属(すなわちエンテロコッカス・フェーカリス(Enterococcus faecalis))、シュードモナス属(すなわち、P.アエルギノーサ(P. aeruginosa))及びカンジダ属(すなわちカンジダ・アルビカンス(Candida albicans))、更にはグラム陽性菌、例えば表皮ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)及び腐生ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)がある。泌尿器カテーテル又はステントの外被形成の問題は、プロテウス・ミラビリス又は他のウレアーゼ-産生菌による乾癬が原因である。これらの微生物は、装置表面にコロニー形成し、多糖マトリックス中に包埋されたバイオフィルム集団を形成する。ウレアーゼは、アンモニアを生成し、尿pHを上昇させる。これらの条件下で、リン酸マグネシウム及びリン酸カルシウムの結晶が形成され、装置の外被形成につながる。従って、本実施例及び以下の実施例のために選択された被験生物は、尿管ステントの臨床使用に関する最も重要な病原体の2種を代表する、大腸菌及びプロテウス・ミラビリスであった。
本実施例において、いくつかの異なるステント配置について、相対外被形成能を評価した。人工尿中の動的外被形成試験(すなわち、臨床条件を模倣)を行い、外被形成の速度及び程度を決定した。プロテウス・ミラビリス(ATCC, #25933)の臨床単離体を、被験生物として使用した。全てのトリクロサン-非含有ステント型は、接種した及び接種していないAUへの6日間の曝露後、外被形成が認められた(1x EtO滅菌)。視覚により評価した場合並びにマグネシウム及びカルシウムについて元素分析を施した場合、トリクロサン-含有ステントは、曝露期間を通じて(15日間)外被形成が認められなかった。従って、ステント中へのトリクロサンの混入は、外被形成を強力に低下し、その結果ステントの開存性を維持する。
Claims (94)
- (a)少なくとも1個の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー領域、並びに(b)抗微生物薬及び微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬を含有する生物活性物質を含む、移植し得る医療装置。
- 抗微生物薬及び微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬の両方が、単独の区別できるマトリックスポリマー領域に存在する、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 抗微生物薬及び微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、区別できるマトリックスポリマー領域に存在する、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記抗微生物薬が、該装置の上及び周囲の微生物の増殖を阻害するのに有効量で存在し、並びに微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、該装置の表面上への微生物の付着並びに表面上に付着した微生物からのバイオフィルムの合成及び蓄積を阻害する有効量で存在する、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記装置が、約30日間よりも長い期間移植され続けるように適合されている、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、生体適合性の生分解性ポリマーを含む、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、生体適合性の非-生分解性ポリマーを含む、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記非-生分解性ポリマーが、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー、エチレンのアクリル酸又はメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、ポリウレタンエラストマー及びポリウレタンコポリマー、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン、アイオノマー及び芳香族ビニルコポリマーからなる群より選択される、請求項7記載の医療装置。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーが、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、それらのコポリマー及び混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項6記載の医療装置。
- 前記非-生分解性ポリマーが、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーである、請求項8記載の医療装置。
- 前記エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーが、約19%〜約28%の酢酸ビニル含量を有する、請求項10記載の医療装置。
- 前記エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーが、約3%〜約15%の酢酸ビニル含量を有する、請求項10記載の医療装置。
- 前記抗微生物薬が、トリクロサン及びクロルヘキシジン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記抗微生物薬が、トリクロサンである、請求項13記載の医療装置。
- 前記微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、NSAID、EDTA及びEGTAからなる群より選択される、請求項14記載の医療装置。
- 前記微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、サリチル酸又はそれらの塩もしくは誘導体である、請求項15記載の医療装置。
- 前記微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、サリチル酸である、請求項16記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマー中に存在する該抗微生物薬の量が、マトリックスポリマーの約0.5%〜約25質量%である、請求項4記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマー中に存在する該微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬の量が、マトリックスポリマーの約0.5%〜約25質量%である、請求項4記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、放射線不透過剤を含有する、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記放射線不透過剤が、次炭酸ビスマスを含む、請求項20記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマー中に存在する該放射線不透過剤の量が、マトリックスポリマーの約0.5%〜約45重量%である、請求項20記載の医療装置。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、少なくとも1種の治療薬を更に含有する、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記治療薬が、化学療法薬、NSAID、ステロイド性抗炎症薬及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項23記載の医療装置。
- 前記治療薬が、シスプラチン、メトトレキセート、ドキソルビシン、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、デキサメタゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン及びプレドニソロンからなる群より選択される、請求項23記載の医療装置。
- 前述の少なくとも1個のマトリックスポリマー領域を少なくとも部分的に被覆する1以上のバリア層を更に備える、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 第一のマトリックスポリマー領域;該第一のマトリックスポリマー領域の内面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第一のポリマーバリア層;及び、該第一のマトリックスポリマー領域の外面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第二のポリマーバリア層を備える、請求項26記載の医療装置。
- 前記第一のマトリックスポリマー領域、並びに該第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層が、環状形である、請求項27記載の医療装置。
- 第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層が、同じポリマー材料を含有する、請求項28記載の医療装置。
- 第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層が、異なるポリマー材料を含有する、請求項28記載の医療装置。
- 第二、及び任意に第三のマトリックスポリマー領域、並びに第三、及び任意に第四のポリマーバリア層を更に備え;ここで、第二のマトリックスポリマー領域が、第二のポリマーバリア層の外面上に配置され、及び第三のポリマーバリア層が、該第二のマトリックスポリマー領域の外面を少なくとも部分的に被覆し;並びに、ここで、第三のマトリックスポリマー領域が存在する場合、これは該第一のポリマーバリア層の内面上に配置され、及び第四のポリマーバリア層が、該第三のマトリックスポリマー領域の内面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する、請求項27記載の医療装置。
- 第一のマトリックスポリマー領域が、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含む、請求項27記載の医療装置。
- 第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層の各々が、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン及びポリエチレンコポリマー、アイオノマー、ポリウレタンエラストマー及びポリウレタンコポリマー、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー及びエチレンのアクリル酸又はメタクリル酸とのコポリマーからなる群より選択される材料を含有する、請求項32記載の医療装置。
- 前記抗微生物薬が、トリクロサン、クロルヘキシジン及びそれらの組合せからなる群より選択され、並びに微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、サリチル酸又はそれらの塩である、請求項33記載の医療装置。
- 前記医療装置が、ステントカバー、胆管ステント、尿管ステント、膵管ステント、泌尿器カテーテル、静脈内投与装置、腹腔内投与装置、ふたつの無菌体内環境間を連結するか又は間にドレナージを提供する装置、並びに有菌及び無菌の体内環境間を連結するか又は間にドレナージを提供する装置からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の医療装置。
- 前記装置が、有菌及び無菌の体内環境間を連結するか又は間にドレナージを提供する装置を含む、請求項35記載の医療装置。
- 前記装置が、中空の円筒状構造を備える、請求項36記載の医療装置。
- 前記装置が、ステントカバーを含む、請求項35記載の医療装置。
- 前記生体適合性のポリマーマトリックスが、ポリウレタンを含み、該抗微生物薬が、トリクロサンを含み、該微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬が、サリチル酸又はサリチル酸誘導体を含み、更に次炭酸ビスマス放射線不透過剤を含む、請求項38記載の医療装置。
- 前記ステントカバーが、生体適合性材料を含有する織物、編物、又は組物の目の粗いメッシュデザインを含むステント上に配置されるように適合された中空の円筒状構造を含む、請求項38記載の医療装置。
- 前記ステントカバーが、胆管ステント上に配置される、請求項40記載の医療装置。
- 前記生体適合性の材料が、ステンレス鋼又は形状記憶材からなる群より選択される、請求項40記載の医療装置。
- 前記医療装置が、膵臓から十二指腸へのドレナージを提供する膵管ステントを含む、請求項35記載の医療装置。
- 前記膵管ステントが、緩衝剤を含有する、請求項43記載の医療装置。
- 前記緩衝剤が、生理的液体に曝された時に、膵管ステントが移植された環境内で膵臓-適合したpHレベルを生じる、請求項44記載の医療装置。
- 前記緩衝剤が、炭酸水素塩である、請求項45記載の医療装置。
- 前記炭酸水素塩が、炭酸水素ナトリウム及び炭酸水素カリウムからなる群より選択される、請求項46記載の医療装置。
- 移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置の製造法であって:(a)1種以上の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー、並びに(b)抗微生物薬及び微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬を含有する生物活性物質の組合せを提供する工程;任意の該生体適合性マトリックスポリマーの表面へ任意の該生物活性物質を優先的に分配することを実質的に防止する条件及び該生物活性物質の化学修飾を実質的に防止する条件の下で、該組合せを加工する工程;を含む、前記方法。
- 前記加工の間に温度及び含水量のいずれか又は両方を制御する工程を更に含む、請求項48記載の方法。
- 前記加工が、該1種以上の生体適合性マトリックスポリマーを、該1種以上の生物活性物質と混合し、該1種以上のマトリックスポリマー及び該1種以上の生物活性物質の均質混合物を形成する工程を含む、請求項48記載の方法。
- 前記均質混合物が、両方の生物活性物質を含有する、請求項50記載の方法。
- 前記混合が、一軸スクリュ押出機、二軸スクリュ押出機、バンバリーミキサ、高速ミキサ及びロスケトルからなる群より選択される装置による、該1種以上の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー及び該1種以上の生物活性物質への機械的剪断の適用を含む、請求項50記載の方法。
- 前記混合が、該1種以上の生物活性物質及び該1種以上の生体適合性マトリックスポリマーの溶剤液又は分散液を形成することを含む、請求項50記載の方法。
- 前記均質混合物を、移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置のマトリックスポリマー領域に造形することを更に含む、請求項50記載の方法。
- 前記造形が、成形、圧延、流延及び溶剤塗装から選択されたプロセスを含む、請求項54記載の方法。
- 前記造形が、押出を含む、請求項54記載の方法。
- 前記押出が、少なくとも1個の環状マトリックスポリマー領域を形成すること含む、請求項56記載の方法。
- 前記環状マトリックスポリマー領域の表面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する、少なくとも1個のポリマーバリア層を形成することを更に含む、請求項57記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、該環状マトリックスポリマー領域上への該ポリマーバリア層の押出被覆、及び該ポリマーバリア層の該環状マトリックスポリマー領域上への溶剤塗装から選択されたプロセスを含む、請求項58記載の方法。
- 前記被覆が、該ポリマーバリア層及び該環状マトリックスポリマー領域の同時押出を含む、請求項58記載の方法。
- 前記環状マトリックスポリマー領域の内面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第一のポリマーバリア層を形成し、及び該環状マトリックスポリマー領域の外面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第二のポリマーバリア層を形成する、請求項58記載の方法。
- 前記被覆が、該第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層の該環状マトリックスポリマー領域との同時押出を含む、請求項61記載の方法。
- 前記加工が、第一及び第二の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー並びに1種以上の該生物活性物質の第一及び第二の均質混合物を形成すること、並びに任意に、第三の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー及び1種以上の該生物活性物質の第三の均質混合物を形成することを含む、請求項50記載の方法。
- 前記第一及び第二の均質混合物を同時押出し、第一及び第二の環状マトリックスポリマー領域を形成すること、並びに任意に、それと共に該第三の均質混合物を同時押出し、第三の環状マトリックスポリマー領域を形成することを含む、請求項63記載の方法。
- 前記第一の環状マトリックスポリマー領域の内面及び外面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する、少なくとも第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層を形成すること;該第二の環状マトリックスポリマー領域の外面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第三のポリマーバリア層を形成すること、並びに任意に、第三の環状マトリックスポリマー領域の内面を少なくとも部分的に被覆する第四のポリマーバリア層を形成することを更に含む、請求項64記載の方法。
- 前記被覆が、該第一、第二及び第三のポリマーバリア層を、該第一及び第二の環状マトリックスポリマー領域と同時押出すること、並びに任意に、それらと該第四のポリマーバリア層及び該第三の環状マトリックスポリマー領域を同時押出することを含む、請求項65記載の方法。
- 前記第一の環状マトリックスポリマー領域並びに該第一及び第二のバリア層が、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー、エチレンのアクリル酸又はメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、ポリウレタンエラストマー及びポリウレタンコポリマー、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン及びポリエチレンコポリマー、アイオノマー、芳香族ビニルコポリマー、シリコーン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される材料を含有する、請求項62記載の方法。
- 前記第一の環状マトリックスポリマー領域が、約19%〜約28%の酢酸ビニル含量を有するエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを含有し、並びに該第一及び第二のポリマーバリア層が、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレンもしくはポリエチレンコポリマー、又はアイオノマーを含有する、請求項67記載の方法。
- 前記第一の環状マトリックスポリマー領域が、該微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬としてサリチル酸又はそれらの塩、該抗微生物薬としてトリクロサン、及び放射線不透過剤として次炭酸ビスマスを含有し;並びに、該同時押出が、該サリチル酸又はそれらの塩が、該第一の環状マトリックスポリマー領域の表面又は該第一もしくは第二のポリマーバリア層の表面に優先的に分配しないような条件下で行われる、請求項68記載の方法。
- 前記1個又は複数のバリア層の少なくとも1個が、生分解性ポリマーを含有する、請求項26記載の医療装置。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーが、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸及びコポリマー並びにそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項70記載の医療装置。
- エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー、エチレンのアクリル酸又はメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、メタロセン触媒ポリエチレン及びポリエチレンコポリマー、アイオノマー、芳香族ビニルコポリマー、ポリウレタンエラストマー及びポリウレタンコポリマー、シリコーン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される材料を含有する、少なくとも1個の生体適合性マトリックスポリマー領域;トリクロサン、クロルヘキシジン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される抗微生物薬;サリチル酸並びにそれらの塩及び誘導体からなる群より選択される微生物付着/バイオフィルム合成阻害薬を含有する、生物活性物質;並びに、次炭酸ビスマス、ビスマスオキシクロリド、ビスマストリオキシド、硫酸バリウム、タングステン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、放射線不透過剤を含む、移植し得る又は挿入可能な医療装置。
- ポリマー円筒状シャフトを備えるステントであり、該ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、トリクロサン及びマトリックスポリマーを含む、ステント。
- 前記ステントが、尿管ステントである、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、5〜20質量%のトリクロサンを含有する、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、エチレン系コポリマーである、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記マトリックスポリマーが、エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーである、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、該エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーを60〜80質量%含有する、請求項77記載のステント。
- 前記エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーが、19質量%〜約28質量%の酢酸ビニル含量を有する、請求項77記載のステント。
- 前記ステントが、該ポリマー円筒状シャフトの外面上に潤滑性の親水性塗装を更に含む、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、その壁内に形成された複数のアパーチャを備える、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、放射線不透過剤を更に含む、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記放射線不透過剤が、次炭酸ビスマスである、請求項82記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、溶融-押出された円筒状シャフトである、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、0.2mm〜0.8mmの範囲の壁厚を有する、請求項73記載のステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、異なるデュロメーターバルブの末端領域を備える、請求項73記載のステント。
- 壁厚0.2mm〜0.8mmであるポリマー円筒状シャフトを備える、尿管ステントであり、該ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、(a)本質的にエチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマーからなるポリマー種、及び(b)本質的にトリクロサンからなる抗微生物薬種を含む、尿管ステント。
- 放射線不透過剤を更に含有する、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトの外面上に潤滑性の親水性塗装を更に含む、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、溶融-押出されたポリマー円筒状シャフトである、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- ステント中の総トリクロサンの5〜15%が、流量0.5ml/分で合成尿へ30日間曝露された後に放出され、及びステント中の総トリクロサンの10〜20%が、流量0.5ml/分で合成尿へ90日間曝露された後に放出される、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- トリクロサン20μg〜50μg/日が、流量0.5ml/分で合成尿へ90日間曝露された後に放出される、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- トリクロサン100μg〜500μg/日が、流量0.5ml/分で合成尿へ30日間曝露された後に放出される、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
- 前記ポリマー円筒状シャフトが、異なるデュロメーターバルブの末端領域を備える、請求項87記載の尿管ステント。
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| PCT/US2005/005685 WO2005087135A2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-24 | Implantable or insertable medical device resistant to microbial growth and biofilm formation |
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| US (1) | US7993390B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1718348A2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2007525287A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2005221607A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2012522591A (ja) * | 2009-04-02 | 2012-09-27 | クック メディカル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 磁石を用いてステントの開通性を維持するシステム及び方法 |
| JP2011224357A (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-11-10 | Jms Co Ltd | 造影剤を含む生体吸収性ステントおよびそれを含む医療用デバイス |
| JP2014506165A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2014-03-13 | ボストン サイエンティフィック サイムド,インコーポレイテッド | 泌尿器科医療デバイス |
| JP2012196252A (ja) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-10-18 | Terumo Corp | 薬剤溶出ステント |
| JP2019512303A (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2019-05-16 | アソシエーション フォー ジ アドバンスメント オブ ティシュー エンジニアリング アンド セル ベイスト テクノロジーズ アンド セラピーズ(エイ4テック)− アソシアソンAssociation For The Advancement Of Tissue Engineering And Cell Based Technologies & Therapies (A4Tec) − Associacao | 生分解性尿管ステント、その方法および使用 |
| JP2021517499A (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2021-07-26 | アドバンソース・バイオマテリアルズ | 医療デバイスのための放射線不透過性及びエコー源性コーティング |
| JP7570926B2 (ja) | 2018-02-14 | 2024-10-22 | ミツビシ・ケミカル・アメリカ、インコーポレイテッド | 医療デバイスのための放射線不透過性及びエコー源性コーティング |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2005221607A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
| WO2005087135A3 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
| US7993390B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
| EP1718348A2 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
| US20040249441A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| CA2557544A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
| WO2005087135A2 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
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