JP2006123011A - Shaft machining device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shaft machining device suitable for machining oil holes or the like of crankshafts, having good chip discharging property, and facilitating wiring, piping and maintenance. <P>SOLUTION: At least a tailstock 12 of the shaft machining device for machining oil holes with a tool 16 provided at a spindle 15 advancing/retreating in a horizontal direction to a workpiece 2 rotatably held around a horizontal rotation axis and a vertical rotation axis 5, is movable parallel with an axis 3 of the workpiece being guided along a guide rail 7 on the upper face 6a of a machining table 6. The guide rail between the headstock 8 and the tailstock is covered with an extensible gable roof-like bellows or sliding type cover 20. Further, cables or hoses 24, 25 for movement are stored in the cover. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement of a processing table for holding a workpiece of a shaft processing apparatus for processing an oil hole such as a horizontal shaft, for example, a crankshaft.

  For example, there are many oil holes as shown in FIG. In either case, the crankshaft 2 has an oblique hole and an oil hole 2c perpendicular to the axial direction. Further, the phase of the pin journal 2p varies depending on the number of cylinders of the engine. Reference numeral 2m denotes a main journal. On the other hand, since it is necessary to produce a large number of crankshafts for automobiles, these various oil holes with different positions, diameters, angles, depths, etc., are mass-produced with transfer machines or dedicated machine tools. It was. The processing method by these machines is processed in one or more processes within the cycle time corresponding to the production volume at a dedicated station or machine for each processing location, to the next station in the case of a transfer machine, and to the next process in the case of a dedicated machine tool. Sent to the machine. However, transfer machines and dedicated machine tools are suitable for mass production of specific workpieces, but have the following problems with respect to production volume fluctuations. In other words, there is no problem during full operation, but when the production volume is reduced, operation is performed with a predetermined cycle time. Therefore, it is necessary to operate for a certain period of time and then stop the machine or make it idle. The work to be supplied must also secure the necessary amount for the operation time. In addition, it is difficult to handle various types of workpieces, and when a workpiece change occurs, a large remodeling according to the changed part is required.

  Therefore, in order to increase the flexibility of oil hole processing, ATC42 is attached as shown in Fig. 6 in order to process oil holes with different positions, diameters, angles, depths, etc. in one device. The horizontal three-axis column 43 traverse type machining center is used, the crankshaft 2 is horizontally arranged and rotated around the vertical rotation axis, or the rotation is indexed around the axis 3 of the crankshaft and selected by the ATC to the spindle 15 There is known a crankshaft machining apparatus 40 adapted to drill oil with the drilling tool 16 attached thereto. For example, in Patent Document 1, the processing table 46 is provided on the swivel 4 that rotates about the vertical rotation axis. A chuck device 50 for holding one end 2a of the shaft 2 on the processing table 46, a head stock 48 having an indexing device 49 for rotationally indexing the chuck device, and a tail stock (core pushing) supporting the other end 2b of the shaft. Device) 52 is provided oppositely. A center 53 is pressed between the head stock 8 and the tail stock 52 to hold the crankshaft 2 in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, a spindle 15 is provided that is movable back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the crankshaft (X axis). The spindle 15 is movable in the crankshaft axis direction (Y axis) and the vertical direction (Z axis) in addition to the X axis direction. A drilling tool 16 such as a long drill for drilling an oil hole 2 c in the crankshaft 2 is attached to the spindle 15. The tool can be changed by a tool changer 42.

  In processing the oil hole 2c, as described above, a number of right-angled holes and oblique holes are complicatedly arranged. Therefore, the rotation position of the crankshaft 2 around the axis 3 is determined by the indexing device 49 provided in the headstock 48. The angle is set by a swivel base, the spindle is moved in the Y and Z axis directions, and the spindle is moved forward and backward while rotating in the X axis direction, and a predetermined oil hole is machined by a long drill or the like. Furthermore, by automating the index reference point for the rotational position around the axis of the crankshaft, it is possible to deal with shaft workpieces of various shapes.

Patent Document 2 discloses a crankshaft machining apparatus in which the axis of the crankshaft is offset from the rotation axis of the swivel base to facilitate the attachment of the workpiece. In addition, the upper surface of the processing table is inclined with respect to the direction perpendicular to the axis of the crankshaft to facilitate the discharge of cutting waste and the like. In addition, a space is provided in the table to increase the strength when the table top surface is inclined, and electrical wiring connected to the headstock and tailstock and wiring and piping such as air and hydraulic piping are stored in the space. is doing.
Japanese Patent No. 3083776 JP 2004-195586 A

  In such a conventional shaft machining apparatus, generally, the head stock is fixed at a predetermined position, and the tail stock is movable on the machining table in the workpiece axis direction. Therefore, when the workpiece length changes, the tailstock may be moved in accordance with the workpiece length. Further, flexibility is secured by adjusting the longitudinal position by moving the spindle in the Y-axis direction. However, in Patent Document 2, although the upper surface of the table is inclined in order to improve the discharging performance of chips by cutting oil or a minute coolant, there is a problem that the height is increased because of the single flow. Furthermore, since a space is provided inside the table to accommodate wiring and piping, it cannot be moved greatly if the wiring and piping are connected to the tailstock. On the other hand, since wiring and piping are difficult to move greatly, there is a problem that a device such as a detector or a chuck cannot be attached and the function becomes low.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a shaft machining device with good chip discharging performance, and further provide a shaft machining device in which wiring and piping are easy and not obstructive. It is to be.

  In the present invention, one end of the shaft of the workpiece to be processed is held, the head stock that is indexed and positioned around the axis, the other end of the workpiece is supported, and the head stock is jointly operated. A tail stock that holds the workpiece horizontally, a processing table to which the head stock and the tail stock are attached, a swivel that is indexed and positioned around a vertical rotation axis, and processes the workpiece. In a shaft machining apparatus having a tool spindle shaft provided with a tool and capable of moving back and forth in the horizontal direction at least horizontally toward the workpiece, at least the tailstock moves on the machining table in parallel with the workpiece axis One or more guides for enabling the tailstock to move parallel to the workpiece axis By providing a shaft machining apparatus in which an id rail is provided on the machining table and an extendable cover is provided so as to cover at least the guide rail between the head stock and the tail stock. Settled.

  In the invention according to claim 2, the cover is a gable roof-shaped bellows having a center raised and inclined toward both sides when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. The height is reduced by using a gable roof-like flow instead of a single flow. In addition, by using a bellows, the space between the headstock and tailstock can be extended and retracted.

  Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 3, the cover is a plurality of cover parts made of a plate material having a gable roof shape with the center being elevated and inclined toward both sides when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. Thus, the shaft processing apparatus includes a slide type cover in which the plate materials of the plurality of covers overlap each other, and the overlap amount is changed to be extendable and contractible in the longitudinal direction. By using the slide type cover, there is no recess in the case of bellows, so that chips do not accumulate.

  Still further, in the invention according to claim 4, a shaft machining apparatus in which the head stock or the movable cable or hose of the tail stock is accommodated in a portion covered with the cover of the machining table; did. A movable cable and hose, which are flexible wiring and piping, are built in between the cover and the processing table, so that the headstock or tailstock can be moved, the detector, electric or hydraulic chuck device on the headstock or tailstock, An indexing device can be provided. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied not only to oil hole machining of a crankshaft but also to machining of various shafts.

  According to the present invention, since the guide rail is covered with the extendable cover between the head stock and the tail stock, chips are not scattered on the processing table, and cleaning is easy. Further, in the invention described in claim 2, the cover is a gable roof-shaped bellows, and the flow is reduced not by one flow but by both flows, so that the intrusion of dust can be more reliably prevented. Furthermore, in the invention described in claim 3, since the cover is a slide type cover and there is no accumulation of chips, the chip discharge performance is improved.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a movable cable or hose is accommodated in a portion covered with a cover of the processing table, and the headstock or tailstock can be moved, such as a detector, an electric or hydraulic chuck device, and an indexing device. Since a device can be provided, wiring and piping are easy and unobtrusive. Furthermore, it is possible to perform a high degree of automatic control, suitable for various types and mass production, flexible and easy to maintain.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a workpiece gripping portion of a shaft machining apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 1 (b) is a partial plan view of a tailstock mounting portion of FIG. (C) is a partial plan view of the mounting portion of the processing table of the tailstock mounting portion, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. Since the spindle 15, column 43, ATC 42 and the like of the shaft machining apparatus according to the present embodiment are the same as those of the conventional shaft machining apparatus 40 shown in FIG. In this embodiment, not only the tailstock, but also the headstock and tailstock can be moved outward from each other around the vertical rotation axis, eliminating the bias compared to the case of moving only the tailstock. However, the present invention is applied to a small and accurate shaft machining apparatus that does not require a length and is capable of machining various oil holes such as various types of crankshafts.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the workpiece gripping portion 1 of the shaft machining apparatus of the present embodiment has a centering tailstock 12 on the left side and a workpiece on the right side as viewed in the longitudinal direction on the horizontally long machining table 6. A head stock 8 having a chuck device 10 for chucking and an indexing device 9 (A axis) to which the chuck device is attached and performs indexing around an axis is provided. A rotary motor 31 that drives the indexing device 9 is provided above the headstock 8. The positions of the tail stock 12 and the head stock 8 may be reversed depending on the flow of the work 2.

  The head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 approach or separate in the axial direction (Y-axis direction) on the guide rail 7 provided on the processing table 6 depending on the length of the workpiece 2. The processing table 6 is placed on the swivel 4, and the swivel 4 can be indexed and positioned around the vertical rotation axis 5 to index and position the processing table around the vertical rotation axis. The space between the head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 is covered with a slide cover 20 having a gable roof shape as shown in FIGS. The slide cover 20 has a structure that can be expanded and contracted even when the distance between the head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 is the shortest. This eliminates the accumulation of chips on the processing table 6 and the guide rail 7 between the head stock 8 and the tail stock 12.

  The head stock 8 and tail stock 12 are provided with actuators such as the electric motor, hydraulic pressure, air, etc., and detectors (sensors) such as the rotary motor 31 described above. These wirings / pipings use cables (or malleable) and / or hoses 24 and 25. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cable and hose 24 of the tailstock 12 are axially connected to a lower connection port 12a covered with a cover of the tailstock, and extend toward the vertical rotation shaft 5 of the swivel base 4. It is folded back into a letter shape, returned to the tailstock side, connected to a connection port 26 provided on the processing table 6, passed through wiring and piping in the vicinity of the vertical rotation shaft of a swivel base (not shown), and further to the main body side (not shown) It is connected to a power source, a drive source such as hydraulic pressure and pneumatic pressure.

  The cable and the hose 25 of the head stock 8 are axially connected to a lower connection port 8a covered with a head stock cover, extend toward the vertical rotating shaft 5 of the swivel base 4, and are folded back into a U shape. Is connected to a connection port 27 provided on the processing table 6 and is arranged in the same manner as the tailstock cable and the like so as to be substantially symmetrical with the cable and hose 24 of the tailstock 12 and is not shown. It is connected to a driving source such as hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure.

  Thereby, the head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 can be easily moved in the axial direction, and intrusion of chips and dust can be prevented and damage to the cables and hoses 24 and 25 can be prevented. If the head stock and tail stock cables and the like are arranged so as to be out of phase so that they do not interfere with each other even when moved, the moving distance of the head stock and tail stock can be increased.

  As shown in FIG. 2C, bolt holes 28 for bolts for attaching the tail stock 12 (or the head stock 8) are formed in the processing table 6 at a predetermined pitch in the axial direction (longitudinal direction). Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, a long bolt hole 29 is formed in the tail stock 12 (or the head stock 8). Thereby, the tail stock and the head stock can be fixed with the bolt 32 at an arbitrary position of the processing table. The head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 are generally 350 mm to 620 mm in length of the target workpiece. When the target workpiece length is 350 mm, the forward end position toward the vertical rotation axis 5 center, and when the target workpiece length is 620 mm, the last position from the vertical rotation axis 5 center. Set to the retreat position. When the device is mounted before the last retracted position, spacers 30 and 31 are inserted and fixed between the rear portion of the device and the horizontal rotation drive shaft table. Further, the distance L1 from the vertical rotation axis 5 of the work holding part 11 on the headstock side is the same dimension as the distance L2 from the vertical rotation axis 5 of the work support part 14 of the tailstock 12 to approximately half of the axial length L of the work. It is preferable to adjust to. L1 = 0.5 to 1.5 × L2, more preferably L1 = 0.9 to 1.1L2. Needless to say, the support portion and the holding portion may be the workpiece shaft end.

  A method for attaching the workpiece 2 in the shaft machining apparatus will be described. The head stock 8 and the tail stock 12 are fixed according to the axial length of the workpiece 2 such as a crankshaft. The workpiece 2 is carried into the present apparatus by a carry-in apparatus (not shown) and placed on the temporary receiving stand 17. The center 13 of the tail stock 12 moves forward and pushes to the axial direction reference of the head stock while centering the work 2. Thereafter, the workpiece 2 is chucked by the chuck device 10 of the head stock 8, the reference position is adjusted, and the workpiece is rotated around the axis 3 by the indexing device 9 until the workpiece is rotated around the axis 3 and processed. Thereafter, the spindle 15 is moved in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, and a predetermined oil hole 2c is processed by a drilling tool 16 attached to the spindle. Further, the control device automatically performs indexing, exchanging the tool 16, moving the spindle 15 and the like to perform predetermined processing. When all the given oil holes 2c have been processed, the work 2 is gripped by the carry-out device, the center 13 of the tail stock 12 is moved backward, and the work is carried out.

  In this embodiment, the chuck 10 of the headstock 8 chucks the rear flange of the crankshaft. However, when the flange diameter is larger than the open end of the chuck as shown in the figure, the setup is changed using the chuck jaw 10a. do. Further, in the present embodiment, the head stock and tail stock are manual setup changes in an example where the setup change frequency is not so high. Furthermore, it is possible to automate as the work length changes frequently. In this case, driving means such as a cylinder or a ball screw may be provided on the headstock and tailstock and moved to a predetermined position. In this way, shafts of various lengths can be easily and reliably performed with high accuracy by using a single small shaft processing device. Further, in this embodiment, since there is no bias compared to the case of moving only the tailstock, the balance is good and the length is not required, it is possible to process oil holes such as various types of crankshafts having different lengths. A small and accurate shaft processing device. Furthermore, the setup can be changed easily. Needless to say, the present invention cover can also be applied when the headstock is fixed and only the tailstock is moved.

It is a front view which shows the workpiece | work holding part of the shaft processing apparatus which shows embodiment of this invention. (A) is a plan view showing a workpiece gripping portion of a shaft machining apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a partial plan view of a tailstock mounting portion of (a), and (c) is a tailstock mounting portion. It is a fragmentary top view of the attaching part of this processing table. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. It is a BB line partial sectional view of Drawing 2 (a). (A) of the oil hole of the crankshaft is an example of an oblique intersection, (b) is an example of an intersection of (a) a cross-sectional condition, (c) is an example of an orthogonal intersection, (d) is an (c) transverse section It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the crossing of the direction condition. It is a perspective view of the conventional shaft processing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 Workpiece gripping part of shaft processing device 2 Workpiece (crankshaft)
2a One end of the shaft 2b The other end of the shaft 2c Oil hole 3 Workpiece shaft 4 Swivel table 5 Vertical rotating shaft 6 Machining table 6a Machining table upper surface 7 Guide rail 8 Headstock 12 Tailstock 15 Tool spindle shaft 16 Drilling tool 20 Cover (slide Formula cover)
21 Multiple cover parts made of plate material 22 Overlap 23 Overlap amount 24, 25 Movable cable or hose

Claims (4)

One end of the shaft of the workpiece to be machined is held, the headstock is indexed and positioned around the axis, the other end of the workpiece is supported, and the workpiece is leveled in cooperation with the headstock. A tail stock to be held; a processing table to which the head stock and the tail stock are attached; a swivel base in which the processing table is indexed and positioned around a vertical rotation axis; and a tool for processing the workpiece. In a shaft machining apparatus comprising a tool spindle shaft that is movable back and forth in the horizontal direction toward the workpiece, at least the tailstock is movable on the machining table in parallel with the workpiece axis, One or more guide rails that guide the tailstock so that it can move parallel to the workpiece axis Provided on Engineering table shaft processing apparatus, wherein at least said guide stretchable cover which is to cover the rail between the head stock and the tail stock is provided. The shaft processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cover is a gable roof-like bellows having a center raised and inclined toward both sides when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece. The cover is a plurality of cover parts made of gable roof-like plate members that are elevated in the center and inclined toward both sides when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece axis, and the plate members of the plurality of covers overlap with each other, The shaft processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shaft processing apparatus is a slide type cover that can be expanded and contracted in a longitudinal direction by changing the overlap amount. The shaft processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the head stock or the movable cable or hose of the tail stock is accommodated in a portion covered with the cover of the processing table. .

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