JP2005535420A - 膀胱体積の超音波瞬時測定 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
記載される技術は、限られた数の超音波トランスデューサを備え、パルス超音波を用いることによる人間の膀胱内の尿体積測定に関する。
超音波検査を用いた非侵襲的な膀胱体積測定技術が従来技術に記載されている。原則として、超音波検査はエコー移動時間に基づいて距離を測定する。初期のエコー技術は単一の超音波トランスデューサを用い、エコー表示はエコーの振幅対深さとして記録されていた。West, K Aは、いくつかの離散したビーム方向の二次的な使用について記載している(非特許文献1参照)。それは、各ビーム方向について個別のトランスデューサを持ってはいない。彼の方法は定性的なもののみであり、瞬時のものでなく、かつ、背側後部の膀胱壁への距離測定に基づいている。彼の方法は、特定の、充満度に依存し、測定形態に適合するものではない。背側と腹側の膀胱壁からのエコー間のエコー移動時間の差異と、独立して測定された膀胱体積との間の関係が、Holmes, J Hによって報告されている(非特許文献2参照)。彼の記述した体積測定方法は、もっぱら膀胱深さの測定に基づいている。膀胱は充満したときにその形状が変化するため、単一の距離測定では膀胱体積全体を予測するには十分に精確ではない。充満度に依存して測定する形態は使用されていない。
第1の方法は、適切に方向付けられたいくつかのビームを使用することによって、膀胱23の体積の評価を与える簡単な装置について説明する。膀胱の高さと幅との間に相関があるとの仮定の下で簡単な方法が開発された。それは、膀胱の高さHと深さDがほぼ単一の矢状面において評価可能であるという方法で位置づけられた限られた数の音波ビームからなる。尿の体積は、どんな幾何学的モデルも仮定することのない実験式から計算される。
膀胱3を横断するビームの数とトランスデューサアセンブリ(1)の幾何学的形態とにより、距離HとDが異なる数学的な手法により決定される。ほとんどの測定形態において、膀胱の深さDは、トランスデューサBから見込まれる、膀胱の前と後の壁から導き出されるエコー間の距離によって決定される。
尿の体積は、膀胱の直径(高さ27および深さ26)との間に次の実験式による相関がある。
高さ*深さ*K
ここで、Kは補正因子である。膀胱の大きさを決定するビームの数および年令、性等の他のパラメータにより、この補正因子は異なる。所与の状況(ビームの数以外のパラメータが固定されている)においては、補正因子K1、K2、K3、K4およびK5が線形回帰分析を使用して最適化される。
1)この装置は、限られた数の静的な単一要素のトランスデューサを備える。
2)このトランスデューサの配置は直線的配列とは異なる。
3)トランスデューサは、広範囲の体積にわたって尿体積の見積もりを可能とするような、特定の角度で膀胱の方へ向けられている。
4)この自動体積計算の方法は、膀胱形状についてのどんな幾何学的モデルをも仮定していない。
5)体積が様々な充満範囲についての実験式で計算されるため、これはどのような膀胱の形状についても有効である。
6)これは、前と後の壁間の距離または異なる面における面積の測定のみに基づくものではない。
7)これは、膀胱を横切るビームの数に依存する膀胱の高さと深さの自動検出を用いている。
8)これは、充満の程度に依存する補正因子(または、計算に影響を及ぼす可能性のある、年令、性別、重量などの他の因子)を最適化する。
9)この装置は、最適な位置を容易に見いだすための閉ループを備えている。
10)この最適な位置は計算された最大体積に対応する。
11)この装置は瞬間的に動作する。
第2の形態による装置は異なる原理に基づく。この方法は、膀胱が一杯になったときに膀胱のほぼ全体積を包含するように、非常に広い幅を持つ単一の音波ビーム用いることからなる。このような広いビーム幅は、図7に描かれているようなデフォーカシング・レンズを持つ単一要素トランスデューサ、またはカーブした単一要素トランスデューサを用いることにより得ることができる。
12)この装置は、円錐ビーム形状を備えた単一要素のデフォーカスされたトランスデューサから構成されている。
13)この単一の音波ビームは、おそらく充満した膀胱の体積領域を完全に包含する。
14)この方法は、尿で充満した膀胱によって影響を受けるような伝搬する超音波の非線形性および減衰の性質を測定することに基づいている。
15)この方法は、脂肪および皮膚の特性による患者の変化を除去する技術を含む。
16)自動体積計算のための方法は、膀胱形状のための幾何学的モデルを想定するものではない。
17)受信信号は超音波ビームのすべての体積効果の「総和を示す」ため、それはどのような膀胱形態にも有効である。
18)すべての既知の他の方法は、体積を計算するための基礎として膀胱壁エコー像を用いる。
19)この装置は瞬時に動作する。
Claims (47)
- 複数の入射角で、および/または複数の空間位置から体腔中に複数の超音波信号を送信し受信するように、その上に取り付けられた複数の超音波トランスデューサを含むトランスデューサアセンブリと、
送信される超音波信号を発生するためにトランスデューサを活性化する手段と、
受信超音波信号からの体腔壁エコーを検出する手段と、
前記受信信号から体腔の高さHおよび深さDを決定する手段と、
特定の測定形態に対応する適切な所定の補正因子Kを選択し、液体体積の最適な計算をするために、液体で充満した体腔を横切る超音波信号から、前記体腔の充満の程度に対応する特定の測定形態を決定する手段と、
式 H×D×K により前記液体体積を計算する手段と、
を備えた、非侵襲的な超音波エコー技術を用いる人間または動物の前記体腔内の液体体積を測定する装置。 - 前記体腔は膀胱であり、測定される前記液体体積が尿の体積である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記活性化する手段は前記複数の超音波信号を選択順に送信する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記検出する手段は前記複数の超音波信号からのエコー移動時間および他のビーム情報を用いる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記決定する手段は、前記液体で充満した体腔を横切る超音波ビームに対応する前記複数の超音波信号から特定の超音波信号を選択する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 使用者によるトランスデューサの位置決めの最適化を可能とするために前記計算された液体体積の瞬時表示を行う表示手段をさらに備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 推論する手段が前もって経験的に決定された補正因子Kを格納するメモリを備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 配列中に5つのトランスデューサを備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記5つのトランスデューサはそれぞれ、このトランスデューサ配列面の直交軸に対して、角度θA、θB、θC、θD、θEをもって方向付けられ、これらの角度は、それぞれほぼ、θA=−25°、θB=0°、θC=+25°、θD=+25°、θE=+40°である、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサの数は、膀胱の充満状態の全範囲を取り込みまたは臨床的に重要な膀胱充満レベルを示すように選択される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記体積計算に用いるための補正因子Kを選択するための、性、体重、年令等の患者の情報を入力する手段をさらに備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 自己学習プロセスにおける補正因子を最適化するため、内部メモリと有効な体積測定を入力し格納する手段をさらに備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- ホールド/スタートボタンにより読み出しを凍結する手段を備えた、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは、前記膀胱壁のエコー反射領域がほぼ単一の矢状面内に位置するように、アセンブリに配置されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記超音波トランスデューサはほぼディスク状である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 電力がバッテリにより供給される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 人の膀胱上の前記トランスデューサアセンブリの、正しい尾−頭方向の位置決めを示す手段をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサアセンブリは、ケーブルによって入力装置、プロセッサ、ディスプレイおよび電源部に接続されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサアセンブリは、最適の音響カップリングおよび患者の便宜のためにトランスデューサをカバーする超音波カップリング材料をさらに備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 複数の入射角で、および/または複数の空間位置から、腔を含む体の領域中に複数の超音波ビームを送信する工程と、
前記体から複数の超音波信号を受信する工程と、
前記受信信号から体腔の高さHおよび深さDを決定する工程と、
特定の測定形態に対応する適切な所定の補正因子Kを選択し、液体体積の最適な計算をするために、液体で充満した体腔を横切る超音波信号から、前記体腔の充満の程度に対応する前記特定の測定形態を決定する工程と、
式 H×D×K により前記液体体積を計算する工程と、
を備えた、非侵襲的な超音波エコー技術を用いる人間または動物の前記体腔内の液体体積を測定する方法。 - 表示装置に前記計算された体積を表示する工程をさらに備えた、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 複数のトランスデューサが所定の空間位置におよび取り付け角度を持って配置された、トランスデューサ配列から前記体内に複数の超音波ビームを送信する工程をさらに備えた、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 音響カップリング材料を用いて測定される体の皮膚に前記トランスデューサアレイのトランスデューサを音響カップリングさせる工程をさらに備えた、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第1の周波数を持つ、少なくとも一つのビームがターゲットの体腔の実質部分を包含するように、体の中に少なくとも1つの超音波ビームを送信するための1または2以上のトランスデューサと、
前記体腔からの超音波エコー信号を受信し、前記受信信号中の前記第1の周波数の高調波成分の大きさを決定する手段と、
前記体腔中の液体の体積を前記測定された高調波成分から決定する手段と、
を備えた、非侵襲的な超音波エコー技術を用いる人間または動物の前記体腔内の液体体積を測定する装置。 - 前記体腔は膀胱であり、測定される前記液体体積が尿の体積であるような用途に適合する、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは、人の膀胱全体を包むのに十分な超音波ビームを送信するように適合した請求項25に記載の装置。
- 1または2以上の所定の深さ領域内から受信超音波信号を選択し、前記体腔内の液体体積を決定するためにこれらの信号のみを用いる手段をさらに備える、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記超音波トランスデューサは、球状またはコーン状音波ビームの扇形を形成するように形付けられた、カーブした単一の活性な圧電素子である、請求項24または請求項26に記載の装置。
- 前記超音波トランスデューサは、このトランスデューサとレンズとの結合が前記充満した膀胱をほぼ包含する広い音波ビームを作り出すように、レンズ材料と結合している、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは、基本の超音波周波数で送信し、前記送信周波数の基本または高調波信号を受信するのに適合している、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 基本周波数で、前記受信信号中の高調波成分を助長する異なる多重パルスを送信する手段をさらに備える、請求項27に記載の装置。
- ほぼ選択された深さまたは距離からの受信信号を選択する手段をさらに備える、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 選択された深さまたは距離が平均的に充満した人の膀胱の背側壁を越えている、請求項32に記載の装置。
- 前記受信信号中の高調波の散乱能を決定し、この散乱能を、尿体積を計算するアルゴリズムにおける基本周波数の後方散乱能と比較する手段をさらに備えた、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 膀胱充満測定を向上させ、たとえば肥満による患者の変化を除去するため、低い送信パワーおよび高い送信パワーで結合したパルス系列を用いる手段をさらに備えた、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサに近い身体における変化の影響を制限するために流体体積の決定において、腹側の平均膀胱壁の位置に近い深さからのエコーデータを使用するための手段をさらに備えた、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 患者の変化の影響を除去するために種々の深さからの線形および非線形のエコー信号を比較することができるように、後続のパルス送信における送信パワーを変えるための手段をさらに含む、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記体積を決定する手段は、先に確立したルックアップテーブルを用いて体積計算を果たす請求項24に記載の装置。
- 所定のスレショルドレベルを超える体積を示すのに適合したディスプレイをさらに備え、前記スレショルドレベルは特定の医療用途により決定される請求項24に記載の装置。
- 所定のスレショルドレベルより小さな体積を示すのに適合したディスプレイをさらに備え、前記スレショルドレベルは特定の医療用途により決定される、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは離れてケースに入れられており、フレキシブルケーブルを介して前記装置の残りの部分に接続されている、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 前記トランスデューサは、基本周波数での最適な送受信のための第1の音響活性表面と、高調波エコー信号の最適な受信のための第2の音響活性表面の結合を備える、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 腹側と背側の膀胱壁を検出するために用いられる複数の超音波信号を複数の入射角でおよび/または複数の空間位置から、身体のキャビティに送受信するために、および背側の方向の狭いビーム方向を与えるために固定された複数の超音波トランスデューサを含み、この情報は、高調波エコー信号の適切な記録のために、エコー深さの適切な選択のために用いられるトランスデューサアセンブリを備える、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 複数の超音波信号を複数の入射角でおよび/または複数の空間位置から、身体のキャビティに送受信するために、その上に固定された複数の超音波トランスデューサを含むトランスデューサアセンブリを位置決めする工程と、
前記トランスデューサが送信超音波信号を生成するように活性化する工程と、
身体のキャビティ壁エコーを受信超音波信号から検出する工程と、
体積の最適な計算をするために、液体で充満した体腔を横切る超音波信号から、前記体腔の充満の程度に対応する特定の測定形態を決定し、それによってその特定の測定形態に対応する適切な所定の補正因子Kを選択する工程と、
式 H×D×K により前記液体体積を計算する工程と
を備えた、非侵襲的な超音波エコー技術を用いる人間または動物の前記体腔内の液体体積を測定する方法。 - 少なくとも第1の周波数を有する少なくとも1つの超音波ビームが目標の体腔の実質部分を包含するように、前記少なくとも1つの超音波ビームを身体内に送信する1または2以上のトランスデューサを用いる工程と、
前記体腔から超音波エコー信号を受信する工程と、
前記受信信号の前記第1の周波数の高調波の測定を決定する工程と、
前記測定された高調波成分から前記体腔内の液体体積を決定する工程と、
を備えた、非侵襲的な超音波エコー技術を用いる人間または動物の前記体腔内の液体体積を測定する方法。 - 前記少なくとも一つのビームは、超音波イメージングのために従来用いられたもののような複数の狭いビームを有する、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 添付の図面に関し本質的に記載されているような装置。
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008511408A (ja) * | 2004-08-27 | 2008-04-17 | ベラソン インコーポレイテッド | 超音波画像内の体腔液を定量化および分類化するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2012101104A (ja) * | 2004-08-27 | 2012-05-31 | Verathon Inc | 超音波画像内の体腔液を定量化および分類化するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2012101103A (ja) * | 2004-08-27 | 2012-05-31 | Verathon Inc | 超音波画像内の体腔液を定量化および分類化するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2009512532A (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2009-03-26 | エムキューブ テクノロジー シーオー エルティディ | 膀胱診断用超音波診断装置及び超音波診断方法 |
| JP2010514524A (ja) * | 2006-12-29 | 2010-05-06 | ベラソン インコーポレイテッド | 超音波高調波撮像用システム及び方法 |
| JP2010527277A (ja) * | 2007-05-16 | 2010-08-12 | ベラソン インコーポレイテッド | 高調波撮像を使用する膀胱検出システム及び方法 |
| JP2016127971A (ja) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-07-14 | 大塚メディカルデバイス株式会社 | 超音波尿量測定システム |
| JP2018528041A (ja) * | 2015-07-27 | 2018-09-27 | ユニヴァーシティ・オブ・セントラル・ランカシャー | 膀胱ステータスを推定するための方法および装置 |
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|---|---|
| US9993225B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| EP2186483B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
| US8308644B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 |
| US20100198075A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| US7749165B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
| US20080139934A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| US20060111633A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
| AU2003254372A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| EP1551305B1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| JP4549853B2 (ja) | 2010-09-22 |
| JP2009279435A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
| EP1551305A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| GB2391625A (en) | 2004-02-11 |
| EP2186483A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
| JP5443883B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
| US20050215896A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
| WO2004017834A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| GB0218547D0 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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