JP2005533815A - ネフロパシーの処置におけるバソペプチダーゼ阻害剤の使用 - Google Patents
ネフロパシーの処置におけるバソペプチダーゼ阻害剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【化1】
Description
A=H、C1−C8−アルキル、CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリール;R1は、水素、−CH2OC(O)C(CH3)3、またはアシル基であり;R2は、水素;−CH2O−C(O)C(CH3)3;C1−C4−アルキル;アリール、−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリール;またはジフェニルメチルであり;Xは、−(CH2)n[ここでnは、0または1の整数である]、−S−、−O−、
B1およびB2は、それぞれ独立して水素、ヒドロキシ、−OR5[ここでR5はC1−C4−アルキル、アリールまたは−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリールである]であるか、またはB1およびB2が隣接する炭素原子に結合している場合、B1およびB2は、隣接する炭素原子と共に、ベンゼン環もしくはメチレンジオキシを形成し得る]
の化合物の、糖尿病患者もしくは非糖尿病患者におけるネフロパシー(糖尿病ネフロパシーおよび非糖尿病ネフロパシー、糸球体腎炎、糸球体硬化症、ネフローゼ症候群、高血圧性腎硬化症、微量アルブミン尿または末期腎疾患を含む)の処置および/もしくは予防のための使用、またはインスリン耐性もしくは後期糖化反応生成物を伴う代謝疾患、糖尿病合併症(例えば、糖尿病性ニューロパシー、糖尿病性ネフロパシー、糖尿病性網膜症、白内障、心筋梗塞および/または糖尿病性心筋症)の処置および/もしくは予防の方法、またはアテローム性動脈硬化症もしくは内皮機能障害の処置および/もしくは予防の方法に関する。
の化合物により特徴付けられる式(I)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。別の実施態様において、本発明は、R1が水素である式(II)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。さらなる実施態様において、本発明は、R2が水素である式(II)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。さらなる実施態様において、本発明は、B1および/またはB2が水素である式(II)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。なおさらなる実施態様において、本発明は、Xが−CH2−である式(II)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。
の化合物により特徴付けられる式(I)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。別の実施態様において、本発明は、R1が水素である式(III)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。さらなる実施態様において、本発明は、R2が水素である式(III)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。さらなる実施態様において、本発明は、B1および/またはB2が水素である式(III)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。なおさらなる実施態様において、本発明は、Xが−CH2である式(III)の化合物の上記の使用を提供する。
直鎖または分枝鎖のアルキル鎖を含む一価置換基を指し、これらとしては、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、ブトキシ、sec−ブトキシ、tert−ブトキシなどの基が挙げられる。
これらとしては、症状を緩和すること、一時的にもしくは恒久的に症状の原因を排除すること、または症状の出現および指定された疾患、障害もしくは状態の進行を防ぐかもしくは遅くすることが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
ネフロパシーは、糖尿病患者または非糖尿病患者における尿中アルブミンの排出における異常として定義される慢性疾患である。尿中アルブミン排出速度は、健常なヒトにおいて24時間当たり40mg以下である。ネフロパシーの臨床段階は、微量アルブミン尿、臨床的ネフロパシー(アルブミン尿症)および末期腎疾患(ESRD)である。
10週、17週、27週および37週齢の、雄性ZDFラット(ZDF Gmi fa/fa)およびヘテロ接合(heterocygotic)コントロール動物(ZDF Gmi−/+)の尿中のタンパク質およびクレアチニン排出を測定した。さらなる群において、糖尿病ラットに、ラミプリル(1mg/kg/日、飲料水)または式(Il−B)の化合物(30mg/kg/日、給餌)のいずれかを10〜37週間の期間、長期にわたって与えた。これらの動物を37週後に屠殺し、そしてその腎臓を組織学的に調べた。
添付の表において、6ヶ月の処置期間の後の腎臓における知見の要約を列挙する。
調べた群は以下である:
C1:コントロール 痩せ形ZDFラット
C2:コントロール 太ったZDFラット
D1:ラミプリル 太ったZDFラット 1.0mg/kg
D4:化合物(II−B) 太ったZDFラット 30mg/kg
重要な組織病理学的知見は以下であった:
・尿細管におけるアルマンニ−エブスタイン細胞 糖尿病代謝状態を示す。
・糸球体硬化症 糖尿病代謝状態に起因する慢性腎臓損傷を示す。
・萎縮:細管 腎臓における一般的な突発性変性病巣。
・円柱:細管 腎臓における一般的な突発性病巣。
・拡張:盤 腎臓における一般的な突発性病巣。遺伝した発生異常であると考えられる。
Goto−Kakizaki(GK)ラットにおけるアルブミンおよびクレアチニンの排出を測定した。GKラットはII型糖尿病のモデルである。1つの群は、未処置のままにし、1つは式(II−B)のACE/NEP阻害薬で処置し、そして1つの群はACE阻害薬ラミプリルで処置した。
Wistarラットにおけるアルブミンおよびクレアチニンの排出を測定した。1つの群は、未処置のままにし、1つは式(II−B)のACE/NEP阻害薬で処置し、そして1つの群はACE阻害薬ラミプリルで処置した。Wistarラットは、非糖尿病であり、そして成体(addult)の間に蛋白尿および構造的腎臓損傷を生じている。従ってWistarラットは、非糖尿病性ネフロパシーのモデルである。
アルドース糖と共にタンパク質または脂質をインキュベーションすると、タンパク質上のアミノ基の非酵素的糖化反応および酸化を生じてアマドリ付加体を形成する。時間が経つと、この付加体は、さらなる転移、脱水、および他のタンパク質と架橋して、後期糖化反応生成物(AGE)として公知の複合体を形成する。AGEの形成もまた、メイラード反応として説明され得る。AGEの形成を促進する因子には、遅延したタンパク質代謝回転(例えば、アミロイドーシスの場合)、高いリジン含量を有する高分子の蓄積、および高い血中グルコースレベル(例えば、糖尿病の場合)が含まれる(Horiら、J.Bi
ol.Chem.270:25752−761,(1995))。AGEは、糖尿病および通常の加齢に伴う合併症を含む種々の障害に関連している。
ドットブロット分析用の腎臓サンプルを、17週齢の雄性ZDFラット、コントロールラットならびに30mg/kg/日の化合物(II−B)および35mg/kg/日のMDL100.240で7週間処置されたZDFラットから得た。各群の3匹の動物を殺し、腎臓を取り出し、そして直ぐに液体窒素で凍結させた。液体窒素中でフリーザーミル(Freezer 6750、C3 Analysetechnik GmbH)を使用して腎臓の粉砕を行った。10mgの腎臓サンプルを、1mlのリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(0.5g/lのTween 20、0.5mM PMSF、1μg/mlを含有するPBS)に溶解した。その溶液を、5秒間、超音波細胞粉砕機(45%の出力、Bandolin Sonoplus HD 2070)で2回処理し、20分間4000rpmで遠心分離し、そして上清をドットブロット分析に使用した。ニトロセルロースメンブレンを、ドットブロット装置に配置し、そして100μlのTBS/ウェルで2回洗浄した。各サンプルについて、10μgのタンパク質(サンプルのタンパク質濃度を、DC Protein Assay、Bio Radを用いて測定した)を、100μlのTBSで希釈し、そしてニトロセルロースメンブレン(Amersham)上にロードした。このメンブレンを、一晩5%脱脂粉乳を含むTBST(20mM Tris、137mM NaCl、0.05% v/v Tween 20)中で4℃にてインキュベートし、そして1時間室温で以下の抗体濃度でインキュベートした:抗CML 011(Biologo) 0.25μg/ml、抗CEL(Biologo) 0.25μg/mlおよび抗ペントシジン 012(Biologo) 0.25μg/ml。5%の脱脂粉乳を含むTBST中で徹底的に洗浄した後、メンブレンを、アルカリペルオキシダーゼ標識抗マウスIgG抗体(Dianova)に1時間室温で暴露した。メンブレンを再度洗浄し、そして 製造者の指示書に従って増強ケミフローレッセンス(enhanced chemofluorescence)検出システム(Amersham)に暴露した。相対的蛍光をFluor−Imager 595(Molecular Dynamics)で測定し、そしてImage−Quant ソフトウエアを使用して定量した。結果を相対蛍光(rf)×105で表した。
RP−HPLC分析用の腎臓サンプルおよび心臓サンプルを、17週齢の雄性ZDFラット、コントロールラットならびに30mg/kg/日の式(II−B)の化合物および35mg/kg/日のMDL 100.240で7週間処置されたZDFラットから得た。各群のうち2匹の動物を分析した。腎臓および心臓の粉砕を、液体窒素中でフリーザーミル(Freezer 6750,C3 Analysetechnik GmbH)を使用して行った。器官サンプルの加水分解を、6M塩酸(HCl)を用いて110℃で12時間行った。o−フタルジアルデヒド(OPA)を用いたサンプルの誘導体化およびRP−HPLCを、Druschら、Food Chem.1999,65,547−553に記載されるとおりに行った。
式(I)の化合物はまた、インスリン感作活性を示す。ネフロパシーに対する式(I)の化合物の予防作用はまた、インスリン感作剤が、微量アルブミン尿からアルブミン尿症への進行を防止するか、後退させるか、安定化させるかまたは遅延させることを期待され得ることを示す。これは、微量アルブミン尿が、特に前糖尿病インスリン耐性症候群(またはシンドロームXと呼ばれる)の臨床的証拠を有する患者における、将来のネフロパシーの予測指標であると考えられるからである。
血中グルコースおよびHbA1cを、10週齢および17週齢の雄性Zucker糖尿病肥満ラット(Genetic Model Inc.)、コントロールラット(Genetic Model Inc.)ならびに30mg/kg/日の式(II−B)の化合物、35mg/kg/日のMDL100.240および1mg/kg/日のラミプリルで7週間処置した雄性ZDFラットにおいて測定した。15匹の動物を各群において分析した。
912)の第2のチャネルにおいて測定した。HbA1C濃度(%)を、全ヘモグロビンに対するHbA1Cから計算した。
アテローム発生ウサギモデル(ニュージーランド白色ウサギに、0.25%のコレステロールおよび3%のココナッツオイルを含む餌を与えた)において、その後動物に3ヶ月間通常の食餌を与えたが、6週という短い期間のアテローム発生性食餌でも、持続性の内皮機能障害を既にもたらすということが示された。既に公知の全ての実験において、動物は、全課程にわたってアテローム発生性食餌を絶えず給餌され、そしてヒトにおける状況とは比較にならない反生理的な非常に高いコレステロールレベルを有していた。
群:
標準:18週の正常食餌
アテローム発生性:18週のアテローム発生性食餌(3%ココナッツオイル+0.25%コレステロール)
変動食餌(Var.):6週のアテローム発生性食餌+12週の正常食餌
変動食餌+ラミプリル:6週のアテローム性食餌+12週の正常食餌+ラミプリル
変動食餌+化合物(II−B):6週のアテローム発生性食餌+12週の正常食餌+化合物(II−B)
Claims (15)
- 糖尿病患者におけるネフロパシーの処置および/もしくは予防のため、または
非糖尿病患者におけるネフロパシーの処置および/もしくは予防のため、または
インスリン耐性もしくは後期糖化反応生成物を伴う代謝疾患の処置および/もしくは予防のため、または
アテローム性動脈硬化症もしくは内皮機能障害の処置および/もしくは予防のための、式(I)
[式中、
A=H、C1−C8−アルキル、CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリール;
R1は、水素、−CH2OC(O)C(CH3)3、またはアシル基であり;
R2は、水素;−CH2O−C(O)C(CH3)3;C1−C4−アルキル;アリール、−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリール;またはジフェニルメチルであり;
Xは、−(CH2)n[ここで、nは0または1の整数である]、−S−、−O−、
[ここで、R3は、水素、C1−C4−アルキル、アリールまたはアリール−(C1−C4−アルキル)であり、そしてR4は、−CF3、C1−C10アルキル、アリール、またはアリール−(C1−C4−アルキル)である]であり;
B1およびB2は、それぞれ独立して水素、ヒドロキシ、−OR5[ここでR5はC1−C4−アルキル、アリールまたは−(C1−C4−アルキル)−アリールである]であるか、またはB1およびB2が隣接する炭素原子に結合している場合、B1およびB2は、該隣接する炭素原子と共に、ベンゼン環もしくはメチレンジオキシを形成し得る]
の化合物の使用。 - R1が水素である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- B1および/またはB2が水素である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- Xが−CH2である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- R1が水素である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- B1および/またはB2が水素である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- Xが−CH2である、請求項9に記載の使用。
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| PCT/EP2003/006276 WO2004002492A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-13 | Use of vasopeptidase inhibitors in the treatment of nephropathy |
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