JP2005525411A - 狭窄の阻害のための、微粒子に結合体化した薬物の送達 - Google Patents
狭窄の阻害のための、微粒子に結合体化した薬物の送達 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、血管における過剰増殖性疾患(例えば、狭窄)を処置または予防する方法に関し、詳細には、微粒子に結合体化された抗再狭窄性薬物(例えば、ラパマイシン)を脈管の損傷部位に送達することによって、脈管損傷後の狭窄を予防することに関する。
経腔的冠状動脈血管形成は、閉塞性冠状動脈疾患のための非外科的処置として1970年代後期に導入された。代表的に、この手順は、バルーンチップカテーテルを閉塞部位に配置し、そして、カテーテルのバルーンを膨張させることによって閉塞を崩壊させて閉塞された血管を拡げることを含む。その導入時から、機器および技術における大きな進歩は、冠状動脈疾患およびアンギナを処置するための方法の広範囲にわたる使用をもたらした。近年の研究によれば、多血管冠状動脈疾患を有する患者における経皮経管冠動脈形成(PTCA)およびバイパス手術と同等の7年生存率が報告された。しかし、この方法は、血管の内皮内壁の損失を含め、血管壁に損傷を与える。頻繁に、この損傷に対する応答は、血管内膜過形成、線維芽細胞の増殖、結合組織マトリックス再形成および血栓形成を含む。これらの事象は、血管壁の外傷に対する部分的に制限された創傷治癒応答である、血管の再狭窄につながる。この治癒応答は、血管壁の管腔が狭くなることに、それゆえに、再狭窄の高い発生率(30%〜50%)につながる(Fischmanら、Serruysら)。
本発明は、一つの局面では、血管における狭窄形成を阻害する方法を含む。このような狭窄は代表的に、血管に対する外傷(例えば、切開、血管形成手順または他の過剰な圧力)から生じる。本発明の方法によれば、微粒子キャリアに結合体化された抗再狭窄性化合物を含む組成物は、血管における外傷の部位に投与される。抗再狭窄性化合物は、好ましくは、免疫抑制性または抗増殖性の化合物であり、好ましくは、ラパマイシン、タクロリムス、パクリタキセル、およびそれらの活性なアナログまたは誘導体からなる群から選択される。
(I.治療組成物)
(A.キャリア組成物)
本発明の治療組成物は、薬物が被験体中の脈管損傷部位まで運ばれてそこで放出されるに充分な安定性を有する、微粒子キャリア(例えば、流体媒体中のガス微小気泡またはポリマー微粒子)に結合体化された薬物を含む。このような結合体化は代表的に、薬物と粒子との非共有結合または他の会合をいい、そして以下でさらに記載するような微小気泡懸濁物とのインキュベーションによって、または薬物とポリマー微粒子キャリアとの密接混合によって、もたらされ得る。
治療組成物は、上記のキャリア組成物に結合体化されて送達される少なくとも一つの抗再狭窄剤(好ましくは、免疫抑制薬、抗増殖性および/または抗炎症性の薬物)を含む。顕著な抗増殖効果および/または免疫調節効果を有する薬物の例としては、ラパマイシン、パクリタキセルおよび他のタキサン、タクロリムス、アンジオペプチン(angiopeptin)、フラバペリオドール(flavoperidol)、アクチノマイシンD、メトトレキサート、アンジオペプシン(angiopepsin)、マイトマイシン、シクロスポリン、レフルノミド(leflunomide)、ミコフェノール酸、リトナビル(ritonavir)、ミゾリビン(mizoribine)、トラニラスト(tranilast)、およびこれらの化合物の活性なアナログ、誘導体またはプロドラッグが挙げられる。このような誘導体の1つの例は、エベロリムス(everolimus)(ラパマイシンの42−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)誘導体)である。
再狭窄とは、脈管介入(例えば、ステント挿入を伴うかまたは伴わない、冠状動脈バルーン血管形成術)後の脈管管腔の狭窄をいう。これは、手順後に獲得された、最初の管腔直径の50%を超える損失として臨床的に定義される。再狭窄は、手順後3〜6ヶ月以内に、血管形成術によって処置された病変の約30%〜60%において、およびステントで処置された病変の20%において生じると考えられる(例えば、Devを参照のこと)。
以下に示すように、PESDA(ペルフルオエオカーボンに曝露された、超音波処理されたデキストロースアルブミン)微小気泡に結合体化され、そして静脈内投与されたラパマイシンは、コントロールの群およびc−mycアンチセンスで処置された群と比較して、バルーン血管形成術および組成物の投与の4時間後に、損傷を受けた脈管への浸透、ならびにかなり減少した動脈の狭窄の証拠を示した。
これらのブタを処置4時間後に屠殺し、そして脈管組織をp21、p27、β−アクチンおよびc−mycの発現について調べた。ラパマイシンは、p21およびp27の発現を増強し、そしてβ−アクチンに対して何の影響も有さないはずである。アンチセンスc−mycは、c−mycの発現を阻害すべきであり、β−アクチンに対して影響を有さず、そして、p21またはp27に対して最小の効果を有する。それゆえ、c−mycアンチセンスの投与は、ラパマイシン処置についてのコントロールを表し、そして、ラパマイシンは、c−mycアンチセンス薬剤についてのコントロールを表す。
残りの5匹のブタを、バルーン血管形成術およびステント移植で処置し、次いで(1)コントロール(薬物処置なし)、(2)PESDA/ラパマイシン処置、および(3)PESDA/アンチセンスc−myc(配列番号1)処置に分けた。ブタを、再狭窄の経口の分析のために、処置の4週間後に屠殺した。これらの研究の終点は、以下の材料および方法において記載した通りの、定量的血管造影法および組織形態計測を含んでいた。以下の実施例に記載した通りに測定した、手順後28日目での組織形態計測データを、以下の表2および表3に示す。
(ラパマイシン/PESDA)
PESDA微小気泡を、例えば、米国特許第6,245,747号およびPCT公開第WO 2000/02588号に記載の通りに調製した。代表的手順では、商業的供給源から入手した5%ヒト血清アルブミンおよび5%デキストロースを、35mLのシリンジ内に1:3の比で吸い込み、6〜10mLのデカフルオロブタンで手動にて攪拌し、そして20キロヘルツにて75〜85秒間超音波処理した。U.S.6,245,747に記載されるように、このような様式で生成されたPESDA微小気泡の4つの連続サンプルの平均サイズは、血球計算法により測定したところ、4.6±0.4ミクロンであり、そして平均濃度は、Coulter計数器によって測定したところ、1.4×109気泡/mLであった。
動物は、National Society for Medical Researchによって処方された「Principles of Laboratory Animal Care」およびNational Academy of Sciencesによって準備され、National Institutes of Healthによって公開された「Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals」(NIH公開番号85−23,1985年改訂)を遵守したヒトの世話を受けた。
冠状動脈ステント法を、長さ15mmで、バルーン上に手で縮めて、高圧(10〜14 Atm×30秒間)に配置した、V−Flexステント(Cook Inc.,Bloomington,IN)を用いて送達部位にて実施した。このステントを、3.5〜4.0mmの直径でかつ20mmの長さのバルーン上に載置した。ステント動脈比を、1:1.1〜1:1.2の間に保った。手順後すぐに、脈管の開存性を評価するために血管造影図を実施した。頸静脈鞘を除去し、頸静脈を結紮し、皮膚を閉じ、そして動物を回復させた。全ての動物を、屠殺まで、この手順の24時間前に、325mgのアスピリンおよび250mgのチクロピジンを用いて前処置した。
ステント移植後のp21発現およびp27発現の際のラパマイシン送達の影響を評価するために、30〜35kgの重さの2匹の若いブタは、大きすぎるステント移植(動物1匹あたり3箇所)を冠状動脈において受けた。この後、ラパマイシン/PESDA複合体(2mgラパマイシン)のi.v.注射を行った。この手順の4時間後、これらのブタを屠殺し、そして損傷を受けた組織を、p21発現およびp27発現についてウェスタンブロットによって分析した。
残りの5匹のブタを、上記の通りにバルーン血管形成術およびステント移植によって処置し、そして(1)コントロール(薬物処置なし)、(2)ラパマイシン/PESDA処置(2mgラパマイシン)および(3)アンチセンス−myc/PESDA処置に分けた。4週間目に、これらの動物を屠殺した。動脈を灌流固定し、そして損傷を受けたセグメントを、冠状動脈血管造影図の誘導装置とともに位置する心臓から切開して取り出した。このセグメントを10%ホルマリン溶液中で固定し、そしてパラフィンまたは低温重合樹脂(Technovit 7100;Heraus Kulzer GmbH,Wehrheim,Germany)中に包埋した。切片(5μm)を、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H & E)ならびにVerhoeff van−Giessonエラスチン(VVG)染料によって染色した。
組織形態計測分析を、中膜の破壊の証拠を有する各セグメントについて行った。組織形態計測的パラメーターを、1本の脈管あたり5〜8個の切片について測定し、平均し、そして平均値±SDとして表した。脈管切片を、処置群の割当を知らない経験豊かな調査者によって測定した。
データ(平均±標準偏差)を、Bonferroni補正を行って1方向ANOVAを用いて処置群間の全体的な差について分析した。0.05未満のp値での平均値の比較を、統計学的に異なるとみなした。全ての統計学を、Windows(登録商標)用SPSS 10.0(SPSS,Inc.Chicago,Illinois)を使用して実施した。内膜面積と損傷スコアとを、線形回帰分析を用いて相関させた。
Claims (23)
- 血管の外傷部位での狭窄形成を阻害する方法であって、以下:
該血管に、微粒子キャリアに結合体化した抗再狭窄性化合物を含む組成物を投与する工程を包含し;
ここで、該抗再狭窄性化合物は、ラパマイシン、タクロリムス、パクリタキセル、それらの活性アナログまたは誘導体またはプロドラッグ、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択され、そして該微粒子キャリアは、薬学的に受容可能な液体ビヒクル中の不溶性ガスを含む微小気泡の懸濁物または生体適合性ポリマー微粒子を含む、方法。 - 前記投与が、バルーン血管形成術、ステント移植、および血管の外科的切開もしくは移植から選択される手順の前、該手順の間、および/または該手順の後に実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記手順が、バルーン血管形成術および/またはステント移植を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記手順が、ステント移植を含み、そして前記投与が、ステント内再狭窄を阻害するのに有効である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、投与の間または投与後の前記組成物への外部刺激の適用なしで実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗再狭窄性化合物が、ラパマイシン、タクロリムス、およびそれらの活性なアナログまたは誘導体またはプロドラッグから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗再狭窄性化合物が、ラパマイシンおよびタクロリムスからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記抗再狭窄性化合物が、ラパマイシンである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、抗炎症性化合物、血管壁のコラーゲン蓄積もしくは石灰化を阻害するに有効な化合物またはそれらの組合せを前記キャリアに結合体化された状態でさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアが、不溶性ガスを含む微小気泡の水性懸濁物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスが、SF6またはペルフルオロカーボンガスである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスが、ペルフルオロメタン、ペルフルオロエタン、ペルフルオロプロパン、ペルフルオロブタン、およびペルフルオロペンタンから選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記水性懸濁物が、タンパク質、界面活性剤、脂質、多糖およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも一つのフィルム形成性化合物を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリアが、水性ビヒクル中にペルフルオロカーボンガスを含む微小気泡の懸濁物である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水性ビヒクルが、タンパク質、界面活性剤、脂質、多糖およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも一つのフィルム形成性化合物を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記ビヒクルが、ヒト血清アルブミンおよびデキストロースを含む請求項15に記載の方法。
- 血管中の移植されたステントに近い領域および遠い領域におけるステント内狭窄形成を阻害する方法であって、以下:
該ステントが移植された血管に、微粒子キャリアに結合体化した抗再狭窄性化合物を含む組成物を投与する工程を包含し、ここで、該微粒子キャリアは、薬学的に受容可能な液体ビヒクル中の不溶性ガスを含む微小気泡の懸濁物または生体適合性ポリマー微粒子を含み、
ここで、該投与する工程は、ステント内狭窄形成を阻害するに有効である、方法。 - 前記抗再狭窄性化合物が、ラパマイシン、タクロリムス、パクリタキセル、それらの活性なアナログまたは誘導体またはプロドラッグ、抗増殖性効果を有するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドおよびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、ステントの移植前、移植の間、および/または移植後に実施される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、投与の間または投与後の前記組成物への外部刺激の適用なしで実施される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記抗再狭窄性化合物が、ラパマイシン、タクロリムス、およびそれらの活性なアナログまたは誘導体またはプロドラッグから選択される請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記抗再狭窄性化合物がラパマイシンである、請求項21の方法。
- 前記キャリアが、水性ビヒクル中にペルフルオロカーボンガスを含む微小気泡の懸濁物である、請求項17に記載の方法。
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| US10258565B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2019-04-16 | Abraxis Bioscience, Llc | Intravascular delivery of nanoparticle compositions and uses thereof |
| KR20190043632A (ko) * | 2011-04-28 | 2019-04-26 | 아브락시스 바이오사이언스, 엘엘씨 | 나노입자 조성물의 혈관내 전달 및 그의 용도 |
| KR102108959B1 (ko) | 2011-04-28 | 2020-05-11 | 아브락시스 바이오사이언스, 엘엘씨 | 나노입자 조성물의 혈관내 전달 및 그의 용도 |
| JP2014526916A (ja) * | 2011-07-08 | 2014-10-09 | カーディオノブーム エスぺー. ゼット. オー. オー. | シロリムスを制御放出するためのシロリムスコーティングされたカテーテルバルーンを有するバルーンカテーテル |
| US9579423B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2017-02-28 | Cardionovum S.P.z.o.o | Balloon catheter with a sirolimus coated catheter balloon for controlled release of sirolimus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003265311B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| US20030207907A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| EP1507559A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| EP1507559A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| JP2006249100A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
| CA2483456A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| AU2003265311A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
| EP1507559B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
| WO2003092741A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| KR20050025161A (ko) | 2005-03-11 |
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