JP2004338030A - Curved surface processing device and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to create a three-dimensional curved antenna panel with high shape accuracy and surface accuracy by eliminating restrictions on the number of rotations of a rotary tool and adjusting the height of the cutting edge by actual removal rather than adjustment by measurement. Obtain processing equipment and processing method.
A rotary tool having a tool rotation locus whose cross section forms a part of a circle is moved in a predetermined tool feed direction with its rotation axis inclined with respect to a normal of a processing surface at each processing point. A processing device for transferring the shape of the rotary tool to the surface of the workpiece by a relative movement of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece 2, wherein the rotary tool rotates the tool by non-contact truing. The processing apparatus is characterized in that a cross section of the trajectory is formed in a part of a circle, and a diamond single crystal is applied to each blade portion while controlling the crystal orientation.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method suitable for creating a three-dimensionally curved antenna panel having high shape accuracy and surface accuracy.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for cutting a curved surface, in particular, in a manufacturing process of a part having a three-dimensional curved surface shape, a ball end mill is an effective means for improving manufacturing efficiency.
[0003]
By selecting a processing condition that hardly causes a component edge on the bottom blade of the ball end mill, the roughness _Rth of the finished surface to be processed is determined by the shape of the tip of the ball end mill. Accordingly, the roughness _{R th} of the finished surface _is generally (where, _{f p} is cutter path distance, R represents the radius of the ball of the ball end ^{_{mill) R th ≒ f p 2 /}} 8R can be approximated by. This cutter path interval is generated by the trajectory of the ball end mill. With this ball end mill, in order to improve the roughness R _th of the machined surface, either finely cutter path interval, the two measures are conceivable to increase the ball diameter R of the ball end mill. However, in the case of antenna panel processing, when the cutter path interval is reduced, there is a problem that the NC data becomes enormous and the processing time becomes longer due to the extension of the cutter path. In addition, when the ball diameter R of the ball end mill is increased, a large-diameter ball end mill is required, and the rotational speed of the tool is restricted, which causes a trouble.
[0004]
As a solution to the problem in the processing using such a ball end mill, a processing method and a processing apparatus for a three-dimensional curved surface have been proposed (see Patent Document 1). The invention according to Patent Document 1 is characterized by a cutting tool. A cutting tool, which is a clamp tool to which a throw-away tip with a cutting edge is attached, is attached to a simultaneous 5-axis control type NC machine tool and traces a predetermined cutter path in an appropriate posture. However, since the cutting tool is a clamp tool, there is a restriction on the number of rotations used due to the suppression of tool deformation due to centrifugal force. In addition, the height of the cutting edge of the throw-away tip is adjusted by a contact or optical measuring device, which affects the processing accuracy and the difference in the processing load on individual cutting edges. Further, there is also a problem that there is a difference between the cutting edge position recognized by the processing machine and the actual cutting edge position.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 10-80817 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is suitable for creating a three-dimensional curved antenna panel with high shape accuracy and surface accuracy by eliminating the restriction on the number of rotations of the rotary tool and adjusting the cutting edge height by actual removal rather than adjustment by measurement. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a processing equipment and a processing method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to achieve the above object. The processing device according to claim 1 according to the present invention,
A control means is provided for moving a rotary tool having a circular cross section of a tool rotation locus which forms a part of a circle in a predetermined tool feed direction with its rotation axis inclined with respect to a normal of a processing surface at each processing point. ,
A processing device that transfers the shape of the rotary tool to the surface of the workpiece by a relative motion of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece,
The rotary tool is characterized in that a cross section of a tool rotation locus is formed in a part of a circle by non-contact truing, and a diamond single crystal is applied to each of its blade portions while controlling the crystal orientation. It is a processing device.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A processing device according to the present invention is configured such that a rotary tool having a circular cross section of a tool rotation trajectory forms a part of a circle is tilted with respect to a normal of a processing surface at each processing point. , And the shape of the rotary tool is transferred to the surface of the workpiece by the relative movement of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece. The cross section of the tool rotation trajectory of the rotary tool is formed into a part of a circle by non-contact truing, and the crystal orientation of the diamond single crystal is arbitrarily controlled at each blade, and the spacing between each blade is Is also controlling. Alternatively, a rake face is created on each blade portion by non-contact truing using abrasive grains for each blade portion. In addition, this processing apparatus is provided with a device for non-contact truing while the rotating tool is mounted on the spindle. Also, when a rotating tool whose cross section of the tool rotation trajectory forms a part of a circle is inclined with respect to the normal of the processing surface at each processing point, the inclination angle is determined by the tool rotation trajectory and the workpiece. Is used to change the shape of the workpiece so as to follow it.
[0009]
In the present invention, since the rotary tool is not a clamp tool but an integrated tool in which each blade is directly attached to the shank, there is no tool breakage due to centrifugal force and there is no limitation on the number of rotations used. Normally, in the case of a rotary tool in the form of an integrated tool, it is not easy to adjust the height of the blades and adjust the spacing between the blades, but here, since it is controlled by non-contact truing, an ideal rotary tool is obtained. Can be. In addition, even when abrasive grains are used for the blade portion, the height of the blade portion is adjusted and a rake face is created by non-contact truing, so that a sharp rotating tool can be obtained. In addition, since the outer diameter and the shape of the rotary tool can be controlled by the non-contact truing, machining along the shape of the workpiece can be performed.
[0010]
Embodiment 1 FIG.
Hereinafter, a processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to a perspective view of FIG.
[0011]
This processing apparatus is an NC machine tool capable of controlling five axes simultaneously. The present processing apparatus includes, as a tilting mechanism of the rotary tool 1 with respect to the workpiece 2 so that the rotary tool 1 moves in an appropriate posture, a tilt axis 5 for tilting the workpiece 2 around the Z axis in the XY plane; A table 6 for rotating the object 2 about the X axis in the ZY plane. Further, the processing device main body 7 includes a Y-axis and an X-axis for moving the spindle 4 along a spindle table 8 provided on the processing machine main body 7 and a spindle 4 as a feed mechanism of the rotary tool 1 to the workpiece 2. It has a Z axis that moves in the Z direction. Servo motors for driving these mechanisms relating to movement, tilting and rotation are controlled by the NC device 3, respectively.
[0012]
In the rotary tool 1, the cross section of the tool rotation locus is formed into a part of a circle by non-contact truing. For the blade portion of the rotary tool 1, a diamond single crystal whose crystal orientation is arranged so as to improve the wear resistance of the blade portion is used.
[0013]
In the first embodiment, an NC machine tool having a cantilever type column is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this type. (For example, an NC machine tool having a portal column or a parallel link NC machine tool).
[0014]
In the processing device configured as described above, since the non-contact truing is used, there is no variation in the height of each blade portion of the rotary tool 1. Furthermore, the tool diameter can also be given on the order of microns. Therefore, a highly accurate antenna panel can be obtained by moving the rotary tool 1 according to the numerical control of the NC device 3.
[0015]
Embodiment 2 FIG.
Next, a rotary tool 1 in a processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0016]
In FIG. 2, (1) is a vertical cross-sectional view passing through the rotation axis of the rotary tool 1, and (2) is a front view of the rotary tool 1. According to FIG. 2 (1), the rotating tool 1 includes an arbitrary number (in FIG. 2 (1), a central angle of 90 degrees, a total of four) of diamond single crystals 9 around a rotation axis (not shown) on a shank 10A. This is an integrated tool with. The method of attaching the diamond single crystal 9 may be brazing or bonding, and is not particularly limited.
[0017]
In the conventional clamping tool, it is necessary to install a mounting jig, and the number of blades to be mounted is limited due to the installation space. On the other hand, in the case of the integrated tool, since a mounting jig is unnecessary, a space corresponding to the installation space of the mounting jig with the clamp tool can be allocated to the space of the blade portion. Therefore, since a multi-blade tool can be obtained rather than a clamp tool, high-efficiency machining can be performed.
[0018]
By the way, it is not easy to remove the blade portion with the conventional integrated tool, and it has been very difficult to efficiently regrind the rake face of the blade portion. Therefore, some integrated tools are disposable. Also, some of the integrated tools are re-ground, but the re-polishing cost is higher than the clamp tools.
[0019]
In the present invention, since the rake face of the blade portion is reground by non-contact truing without removing the blade portion, the integrated tool can be used efficiently.
[0020]
The rotary tool 1 according to the second embodiment has a tool rotation trajectory 11 formed in a part of a circular shape by non-contact truing, and a rake face 12 of a blade portion that needs to be corrected by re-polishing after tool wear. . For the blade portion, for example, using a columnar crystal of Sumicrystal's synthetic diamond single crystal manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., a crystal orientation effective for improving the wear resistance of the blade portion is selected and attached to the shank 10. ing. Further, the angle of the rake face 12 is set to be suitable for the type of the workpiece.
[0021]
In the processing device configured as described above, since the non-contact truing is performed on the rotary tool 1, there is a difference between the blade position of the rotary tool 1 recognized by the NC device 3 and the actual blade position. Few. Further, since the multi-blade type of the integrated tool can be used efficiently, high feed rate can be achieved with higher precision than the conventional clamp tool. Therefore, the three-dimensional shape of the antenna panel can be processed with high efficiency and high accuracy.
[0022]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
Next, a rotary tool 1 in a processing apparatus according to a preferred third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0023]
In FIG. 3, (1) is a longitudinal sectional view passing through the rotation axis of the rotary tool, and (2) is a front view of the rotary tool as viewed from “A”. The rotating tool in FIG. 3 is an electrodeposited grindstone 16 in which abrasive grains 14 are fixed to a shank 10B for a grindstone tool, for example, by a Ni plating layer 13. The electrodeposited grindstone 16 is non-contact truing with the tip of the abrasive grain 14 along the abrasive grain tip line 15 so that the rotating tool has a circular cross section of the tool rotation locus.
[0024]
The abrasive grains 14 are provided with a rake face 17 by non-contact truing. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the abrasive grains 14 ((1) is a side sectional view, and (2) is a plan view). The rake face 17 is provided in accordance with the rotation direction 18 of the electrodeposition grindstone 16. Although FIG. 4 shows the case where the rake face 17 has a vertical angle, the angle can be selected and adjusted in accordance with the workpiece. FIG. 4 (2) is a plan view from the arrow B in FIG. 4 (1), and shows that the rake faces 17 are provided over both ends of the abrasive grains 14.
[0025]
In the processing apparatus configured as described above, the electrodeposited grindstone 16 is trued in a non-contact manner. Therefore, the difference between the blade position of the electrodeposition tool 16 recognized by the NC device 3 and the actual blade position is very small. In addition, a higher number of rotations can be adopted than that of the clamp tool, and high feed with a multi-blade tool is possible.
[0026]
The electrodeposition grindstone 16 of the third embodiment can process a processing material suitable for grinding such as a hard and brittle material with higher precision than the rotary tool 1 shown in FIG. Furthermore, since the rake face 17 is provided on each blade portion of the electrodeposition grindstone 16 of the third embodiment, the three-dimensional shape of the antenna panel made of a ductile material or the like can be processed with high efficiency and high accuracy.
[0027]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention. The processing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
[0028]
In the processing apparatus of FIG. 5, non-contact truing is performed in a state where the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 is mounted on the spindle 4 of the processing apparatus. That is, the laser oscillator 19 is applied to the processing machine base 21, and the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 is non-contact truing by the laser beam 20. The position where the non-contact truing is performed is controlled by moving the table of the processing apparatus.
[0029]
The laser oscillator 19 includes a laser control device (not shown) and an observation unit (not shown). The non-contact truing includes, for example, a YAG laser (oscillation wavelength: 355 nm, average output: 3 W, pulse energy: 0.6 mJ, pulse width: 200 ns, repetition rate: 5 KHz, (Diameter: 10 μm, average power density: 5.5 × 10 ⁶ W / cm ² ).
[0030]
In the processing apparatus configured as described above, the amount of positional deviation that occurs when the rotary tool 1 and the electrodeposition tool 16 are mounted on the spindle 4 can be eliminated. Therefore, the three-dimensional shape of the antenna panel is processed with high efficiency and high precision in the state where there is no difference between the blade position of the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 recognized by the NC device 3 and the actual blade position. You can do it.
[0031]
Embodiment 5 FIG.
Next, a processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described.
[0032]
FIG. 6 shows an antenna panel 22 including a parabolic curve 23 and an arc 24. One method of processing the antenna panel 22 using the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 is to control the Y axis, the Z axis and the tilt axis 5 of FIG. Processing along. At this time, the inclination of the rotation axis (not shown) of the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 is controlled so as to follow the arc 24.
[0033]
FIG. 7 shows a tool rotation locus 26 of the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16. By inclining the rotation axis (not shown) of the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16, the tool rotation locus 26 becomes like the inclined tool rotation locus 25, and the tangential portion with the antenna panel 22 increases. The NC device 3 continuously controls the inclined tool rotation locus 25 to follow the arc 24 of the antenna panel 22.
[0034]
Further, a processing pitch (not shown) is selected according to a required shape accuracy. For example, when the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 has an outer diameter of Φ80 mm and is processed on the surface of an antenna panel of 600 mm × 800 mm, a processing pitch of 20 mm is selected to obtain a shape accuracy of 5 μm. I have.
[0035]
In the machining method configured as described above, the blade portion of the rotary tool 1 or the electrodeposition tool 16 can be efficiently transferred to the antenna panel according to the required machining accuracy. Can be processed with high precision. In the above-described fifth embodiment, a processing method based on simultaneous three-axis control has been described. However, processing based on simultaneous five-axis control is also possible.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the processing apparatus and the processing method of this invention, since a tool rotation locus matches an NC control position and an integrated multi-blade tool can be used compared with the conventional three-dimensional curved surface processing method and processing apparatus. In addition, machining of various curved surfaces such as an antenna panel can be performed with high accuracy and high efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of a processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is (1) a vertical sectional view of a rotary tool of a processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and (2) a front view of the rotary tool.
FIG. 3 is (1) a longitudinal sectional view of an electrodeposition tool of a processing apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and (2) a front view of the electrodeposition tool.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing (1) an abrasive grain cross section of an electrodeposition tool of a processing apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and (2) an enlarged plan view of the same abrasive grain.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of a processing apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a basic shape of an antenna panel.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a processing method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 rotary tool, 2 workpiece, 3 NC device, 4 spindle, 5 tilt axis, 6 table, 7 processing machine body, 8 spindle table, 9 diamond single crystal, 10A shank, 10B shank for grinding wheel tool, 11 tool rotation locus, 12 rake face, 13 Ni plating layer, 14 abrasive grains, 15 abrasive grain tip line, 16 electrodeposition whetstone, 17 abrasive rake face, 18 rotation direction, 19 laser transmitter, 20 laser beam, 21 processing machine base, 22 antenna Panel, 23 parabolic curve, 24 arc, 25 inclined tool rotation path, 26 tool rotation path.

Claims (5)

A control means is provided for moving a rotary tool having a circular cross section of a tool rotation locus which forms a part of a circle in a predetermined tool feed direction with its rotation axis inclined with respect to a normal of a processing surface at each processing point. ,
A processing device that transfers the shape of the rotary tool to the surface of the workpiece by a relative motion of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece,
The rotary tool is characterized in that a cross section of a tool rotation locus is formed in a part of a circle by non-contact truing, and a diamond single crystal is applied to each of its blade portions while controlling the crystal orientation. Processing equipment. A control means is provided for moving a rotary tool having a circular cross section of a tool rotation locus which forms a part of a circle in a predetermined tool feed direction with its rotation axis inclined with respect to a normal of a processing surface at each processing point. ,
A processing device that transfers the shape of the rotary tool to the surface of the workpiece by a relative motion of the rotary tool with respect to the workpiece,
A processing apparatus, wherein a cross section of a tool rotation locus is formed in a part of a circle by non-contact truing using abrasive grains for each blade portion of the rotary tool, and a rake face is created for each blade portion. A laser transmitter for non-contact truing of the rotating tool, and a laser controller for controlling the laser transmitter,
It is possible to perform non-contact truing with the rotating tool attached to the spindle of the processing device in the previous period,
The processing apparatus according to claim 1. In the processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
When processing a rotary tool whose tool rotation trajectory forms a part of a circle with its rotation axis inclined with respect to the normal of the machining surface at each machining point, the inclination angle is used as the tool trajectory and machining A processing method characterized by changing the shape of an object so as to follow it. An antenna panel processed by the processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or a processing method according to claim 4.

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