JP2002195533A - Refuse gasifier/combustor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a refuse gasifier/combustor in which the combustor can combust refuse completely with a stabilized constant heating power by making the total quantity of heat of combustible gas substantially constant, because generation of combustible gas can be controlled reciprocally to heat generation even when refuses having a significant difference in heat generation are mixed and dry distilled intermittently. SOLUTION: Refuse is thrown into a dry distillation chamber 1b, a part of lower layer is combusted gradually, and upper layer refuse is dry distilled by the combustion heat to generate combustible gas which is combusted in a combustor 4. In such a refuse gasifier/combustor A, a flow rate regulation valve 50 is provided in a duct 15 for supplying combustion air to the dry distillation chamber 1b and operated by a regulator 51 to reduce the flow rate as the temperature of a gas combustion system increases and to increase the flow rate as the temperature decreases. According to the arrangement, total quantity of heat of combustible gas can be made substantially constant by controlling dry distillation regardless of difference in the heat generation of refuses being fed to the dry distillation chamber 1b.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for gasifying and burning waste. More specifically, the present invention relates to a combustion apparatus that can obtain a combustible gas having a substantially constant calorific value and stably and completely burn by a combustor even when mixed and dry-distilled wastes having different calorific values.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste and the like are introduced into a carbonization furnace to burn a part of the lower layer, and the combustion heat causes the upper layer of the waste to be carbonized to generate combustible gas. In a gasification combustion device for burning waste, etc., a blower tube for sending air to the dry distillation furnace by adjusting the blower of the blower with a regulating valve, and opening a relief opening to release part of the blower, a secondary outlet for this outlet An automatic combustion control apparatus such as a dry distillation furnace that adjusts primary combustion in a dry distillation furnace by providing an opening / closing means that is opened and closed by a change in combustion temperature to make the amount of combustible gas generated substantially constant is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-41421. It is known from U.S. Pat.

[0003] However, the control device can make the amount of combustible gas generated in the dry distillation of the same kind of waste substantially constant, but the polymer compound and the plant material having a remarkable difference in the calorific value can be used. When continuously carbonizing in a carbonization furnace, the amount of combustible gas generated is reduced in the case of high molecular compounds, and adjusted in the case of vegetable materials so as to increase, so that the total calorific value of combustible gas is almost constant. Cannot be done.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of this situation, the present invention is intended to reduce the total calorific value of combustible gas generated even in the case where waste or the like having a remarkable difference in calorific value is mixed and continuously carbonized. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasification and combustion apparatus for waste or the like that can stably perform stable complete combustion at a constant heating power in a combustor.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, a gasification and combustion apparatus for wastes and the like according to the present invention is characterized by adopting the following constitution. (1) Inject wastes into the carbonization chamber, slowly burn part of the lower layer, dry-evaporate the upper layers of waste by the heat of combustion to generate combustible gas, and burn this combustible gas in the combustor. In gasification and combustion equipment for waste, etc., a flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to the carbonization chamber, and this flow control valve reduces the flow rate when the temperature of the gas combustion system rises, and decreases the flow rate when the temperature falls. The controller is operated so as to increase the amount of heat, so that the amount of heat of the combustible gas generated by the carbonization is kept substantially constant even if the amount of heat generated in the waste supplied to the carbonization chamber has a difference.

(2) A flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to a combustor that burns combustible gas. The flow control valve increases the flow rate when the temperature of the gas combustion system rises, and increases the temperature of the gas combustion system. When the pressure drops, the regulator is actuated so as to reduce the flow rate, so that the combustible gas is always supplied with an appropriate amount of combustion air to complete combustion.

(3) A flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to a combustor that burns combustible gas. The flow control valve reduces the flow rate when the concentration of residual oxygen in the exhaust gas of the combustor increases, and reduces the flow rate. When the oxygen concentration decreases, the controller is operated by the regulator so as to increase the flow rate, and always supplies an appropriate amount of combustion air to the combustible gas for complete combustion.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a gasification and combustion apparatus for wastes and the like according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference symbol A denotes a gasification and combustion apparatus for waste and the like. The apparatus A includes a carbonization furnace 1 for carbonizing waste and generating combustible gas, and a combustible gas generated by carbonization introduced through a pipe 2 for combustion, and sends a combustion flame to a boiler 3 to generate hot water and steam. And the like, and a combustor 4 for performing such operations. However, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), a carbonization furnace 1 for carbonizing waste and generating combustible gas and a combustor 4 of the same diameter are vertically connected, or as shown in FIG. As shown in b), the dry distillation furnace 1 and the combustor 4 having a smaller diameter than the dry distillation furnace 1 are vertically connected to each other, and the combustible gas generated in the dry distillation furnace 1 is raised to the combustor 4, and the combustor 4 It can also be configured to burn and discharge from the chimney 5.

The dry distillation furnace 1 of the gasification combustion apparatus A has a water cooling structure in which a water chamber 1a in which cooling water flows between an inner wall and an outer wall is provided as shown in FIGS. The surface shape is a circle, a polygon, a square, or the like. Then, a mixture of a high molecular compound such as plastic and synthetic rubber, a vegetable organic material, and other various waste materials having different calorific values is accommodated and deposited in the internal dry distillation chamber 1b, and the combustion air is accumulated. The supply gradually burns a part from the lower layer, and heats the upper layer of waste and the like by the heat of combustion, and performs dry distillation to generate combustible gas by thermal decomposition of the waste and the like.

Since the input of waste and the like into the carbonization furnace 1 is performed from the upper side thereof, a little less than half of the top surface of the carbonization chamber 1a is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the opening / closing portion 6 is attached to the fixed portion on the top surface by a hinge 7 so that the opening / closing portion 6 is opened as shown by a chain line in FIG. 3, or as shown by a solid line in FIG. The door is closed or, when not lowered, is opened when ascending and is closed when descending by raising and lowering the entire top surface of the carbonization chamber 1a as an opening / closing section, which is not shown in the drawing, and guided by this vertical guide. You may make it do. Further, for the introduction of waste and the like into the carbonization chamber 1b, an input device (not shown) having a structure capable of sending only wastes and the like without invading outside air into the carbonization chamber 1b is provided above the carbonization chamber 1a. For example, it can be performed automatically in a state where the outside air does not affect the dry distillation.

At the bottom 8 of the carbonization chamber 1b, carbides and ash generated by carbonization of waste and the like accumulate. Therefore, in order to easily discharge them, one end of the bottom 8 is attached to the carbonization furnace 1 by a hinge 9 as shown in FIG. The upper portion of the bottom portion 8 that fits into the dry distillation chamber 1b is a water chamber 8a, and the lower portion is a wind chamber 8b. The water chamber 8a is divided into two chambers, and a water inlet pipe 11 is connected to one chamber and a water outlet pipe 12 is connected to the other chamber.
b is provided on the upper side with a large number of air holes 13 penetrating through the water chamber 6a and opening to the carbonization chamber 1b with an average distribution as much as possible, and a blower pipe 15 of a blower 14 is connected to an appropriate place on the outside. When air is blown from the air chamber 14 to the air chamber 8b, a large amount of combustion air suitable for gradually burning a part of the waste or the like is supplied from the large number of air holes 13 to the lower side of the waste or the like. I do.

As described above, the carbonization chamber 1b not only supplies combustion air for carbonization from the bottom portion 8 but also supplies an appropriate amount of combustion air for directly burning wastes from the surroundings as necessary. If supplied, it can be used not only as the carbonization furnace 1 but also as an incinerator. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an annular air chamber 16 is provided outside the dry distillation chamber 1b.
And a large number of air supply holes 17 penetrating through the water chamber 1a and opening to the dry distillation chamber 1b are provided inside the air chamber 16 with an average distribution as much as possible. 18 is connected to the blower tube 18 so that the blower 18
When air is blown to the waste, the amount of combustion air suitable for direct combustion is supplied from the surroundings to the waste and the like from the large number of air holes 17 so that the waste and the like that do not generate soot and harmful gas are incinerated. It is desirable that each of the air supply ports 17 be narrowed at the outlet to increase the wind speed of the combustion air.

In the carbonization chamber 1b, the wastes and the like as the raw material to be carbonized are solids having an indeterminate material, shape and size. It is not flat, and it is easy to cause a partial difference in the thickness and density of the layer. The combustion air blows through the thin and low density portion of the layer, which tends to directly burn waste and the like. For this reason, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, inside the dry distillation chamber 1a, a motion such as rotation or reciprocation is given by power, and a leveling member 20 for scraping the surface layer of waste or the like is provided. Is provided.

To rotate or reciprocate the leveling member 20, hollow double shafts 21 and 22 are vertically installed at the center of the carbonization chamber 1b, and leveling portions 21 are attached to lower ends of the shafts 21 and 22. The planar shape may be a one-letter shape, a Y shape, a cross shape, or the like, and the lower surface may be flat to scrape waste or the like at this portion. However, several support cylinders 23 may be attached to the leveling member 20 downward, and a scraper 24 may be inserted into each of the support cylinders 23 so that the scraps 24 scrape wastes and the like.

The interior of the leveling member 20 is hollow as shown by a dotted line in FIG.
The lower end of the inner shaft 21 of the hollow double shaft communicates with the lower side thereof, and the lower end of the outer shaft 22 communicates with the upper side thereof. At the upper end of the inner shaft 22, there is provided a rotary pipe joint 28 through which cooling water is sent from a cooling tank 26 by a pipe 27 as shown in FIG. 5, and the outer shaft 22 returns the cooling water to the cooling tank 26 by a pipe 29. The rotating pipe joint 30 is provided, and the leveling member 2 is provided.
0 and the hollow double shafts 21 and 22 are cooled by circulating water to prevent deformation and damage due to heat.

A hollow double shaft 21 supporting a leveling member 20
For the rotation of and 22, the passive vehicle 31 is attached to the shaft 22,
As shown in FIG. 5, the rotation of the speed reducer motor 32 is transmitted to the passive vehicle 31 via the speed reducer 33, and the passive vehicle 31 is rotated at a speed of 1 to 3 rotations per minute. The leveling member 20 is connected to the carbonization furnace 1
Is supported by the double shafts 21 and 22 which are cantilevered only on the top surface side, so that when eccentricity occurs due to thermal deformation, the leveling member 20 comes into contact with the inner wall of the carbonization chamber 1b and hinders rotational movement. become. For this reason, the hollow double shafts 21 and 22 are brought into contact with the inner surface of the dry distillation chamber 1 b above the tip of the leveling member 20,
A centering roller 34 to be held at the center of the carbonization chamber 1b is attached, and the leveling roller 34 rotates the leveling member 20 concentrically with the carbonization chamber 1b. To be done.

The leveling member 20 for scraping the waste etc.
If the body stack of wastes and the like is reduced with the progress of dry distillation, if the body stacks are not lowered accordingly, they will be separated from the wastes and the like, and the leveling action of the surface layer will not be performed. For this reason, the outer shaft 22 of the hollow double shaft supporting the leveling member 20 is supported by the moving bearing 35 and the fixed bearing 35 '. As shown in FIG. 5, the moving bearing 35 is transferred to a vertical guide 36 attached to the carbonization furnace 1 by the rolling roller 3.
7 is fixed to the lifting table 38 with the engagement of the sliding bearing 35 '.
Is fixed to the top surface of the dry distillation furnace 1 and slides the outer shaft 22 up and down while maintaining the airtight state.

For raising and lowering the elevator 38, a cable 40 wound around a hoist drum 39 is connected to the elevator 38 as shown in FIG. When the hoist drum 39 is separated from the object or the like, the hoist drum 39 is driven by the reduction gear motor 41 to unravel the rope 40, and the leveling member 20 is lowered to act on the surface layer of waste or the like.

The combustor 4 in the gasification combustion apparatus A completely combusts the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace 1 so as not to generate soot and harmful gas, and uses the retained heat for generating hot water, steam and the like. Therefore, the combustion chamber 4a of the combustor 4 has a cylindrical refractory wall structure as shown in FIG. 6, that is, a refractory brick shown in FIG. 6 or a water-cooled type (not shown) for flowing water through the water chamber. An air chamber 42 surrounding the front and the periphery of the combustion chamber 4a is provided on the outside thereof, and a blower pipe 44 of a blower 43 is connected to the air chamber 42. Inside the combustion chamber 4a, a blower having a tip reaching a central portion is provided. A cylinder 45 is provided.

The combustion chamber 4a is provided with one or two rows of air supply holes 46, which are inclined in two directions, the swirling direction and the flowing direction, around the combustion chamber 4a in order to generate a swirling flow of the combustible gas. Are provided so that the distribution is averaged in each part so that the diameter is large and the diameter of the rear side is small. Further, in the internal air supply cylinder 45, in order to cause the swirl flow of the combustible gas, the air supply holes 47 inclined in two directions of the swirl direction and the flow direction are provided with an average distribution.

When the combustible gas generated in the carbonization furnace 1 is sent through the pipe 2 while blowing the combustion air into the interior of the combustion chamber 4a from the air supply holes 46 and 47 so as to swirl, the combustible gas is supplied to various parts of the combustion chamber 4a. By blowing out the combustion air that causes a swirling flow, it mixes with the combustion air and swirls through the combustion chamber 4a at a substantially constant speed. During this time, an appropriate amount of oxygen is constantly obtained, and a throttle portion at the rear end of the combustion chamber 4a is constantly obtained. 4
b, the mixture with air is promoted, and is blown into a flame chamber 3a of the boiler 3 or the like, where it is completely burned. The combustion heat is exchanged with water by a flue-tube type heat exchanger 3b to generate hot water and steam. In addition to the above, there is no danger of environmental pollution due to exhaust gas since almost no smoke or harmful gas is generated.

If the total calorific value of combustible gas generated by carbonizing waste and the like in the carbonization furnace 1 is not always substantially constant, there will be a difference in the combustion temperature when combusted in the combustor 4.
A constant heating effect cannot be obtained. For this reason, in the dry distillation furnace 1 using raw materials such as high-calorific value wastes such as polymer compounds and low-calorific value wastes such as vegetable organic materials as raw materials, the above-described heat generation of the wastes and the like is considered. It is essential to take measures to make the total calorific value of combustible gas generated by carbonization almost constant regardless of the difference in the amount. This action
As described in detail below, the actual value of the temperature at which the combustible gas is burned is detected, and the actual value is set as a desired value and compared with the displayed temperature to obtain a deviation from the desired value. When the pressure exceeds the limit, the amount of combustion air supplied to the carbonization chamber is increased or decreased by a regulating valve to change the carbonization state of the waste, etc., thereby reducing the amount of combustible gas generated in the case of high calorific value waste. In the case of waste having a low calorific value, the amount is increased by means for making the total calorific value substantially constant.

When the control is performed so that the total amount of heat generated by the combustion of the combustible gas is substantially constant, the temperature of the combustion system can be detected at an appropriate position in the combustor 4. However, since it is preferable to perform the measurement at the lowest possible temperature, a temperature sensor 48 such as a thermocouple is provided at the end of the flame chamber 3a of the boiler 3 into which the combustion flame is blown from the combustor 4, as shown in FIG. , The temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is detected, and the detected temperature is transmitted to a temperature indicating controller described later.

Based on the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor 48, a temperature indicating controller 49 for performing a control operation is
A data processing is performed by mounting a known microcomputer (not shown). A desired value of the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is set as a main setting value, and a proportional band of the proportional operation (% is displayed with respect to a full scale of the instrument). ) As a sub-setting value, and a display portion 49b for displaying an actual value of the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas transmitted from the temperature sensor 48.
And a mode key 49c for converting a setting mode, an up key 49d for increasing / decreasing a set value, and a down key 49e.

The main set value set in the temperature indicating controller 49 is that the combustible gas generated by the dry distillation of waste and the like
When the fuel is burned in the boiler 3, the maximum temperature of the combustion exhaust gas at which the heating of the boiler 3 and the like is most efficiently performed is set and displayed as a desired value. To reduce the amount of heat, it is necessary to use 500 ° C.
C is appropriate. Therefore, even in a state where wastes and the like having a high calorific value and those having a low calorific value are mixed, 500 ° C to 70 ° C.
Select an appropriate value within the range of 0 ° C.
A range in which a deviation between the main set value and the actual value is detected and a control operation proportional to the deviation is performed, that is, a proportional band is set. Is 100 ° C to 200 ° C, and 200 ° C to 40 ° C for high calorific value.
Since 0 ° C. is appropriate, in the case of a low calorific value, 10% to 20% with respect to the full scale 1000 ° C. of the temperature indicating controller 49.
% In the range of 20% to 4% with respect to the full scale of 1000 ° C. of the temperature indicating controller 49 in the case of a high calorific value.
Choose an appropriate value within the range of 0%.

To make the main setting and the sub setting for the temperature indicating controller 49, first, the main setting mode is selected by the mode key 49c, and the desired value of the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas, for example, 700
When the set value is displayed on the display section 49a of the set value by operating the up key 49d or the down key 49e, the displayed value is input to the temperature indicating controller 49 as a set value. Next, the sub-setting mode is selected by the mode key 49c, and the value of the proportional band, for example, 20% is displayed on the setting value display section 49a by operating the up key 49d or the down key 49e. It is input to the temperature indicating controller 49 as a set value.

The flow rate adjusting valve 50 is controlled by the temperature indicating controller 49.
When the maximum and minimum of the opening are set and set, the maximum opening setting mode is selected by the mode key 49, and the maximum of 90% of the opening of the flow control valve 50 is set to the up key 49d or the down key 49e. Is displayed on the display section 49a of the set value, the display value is input to the temperature indicating controller 49. Then, the setting mode of the minimum opening is selected by the mode key 49c, and the minimum opening of the flow regulating valve 50 is 5%.
Is displayed on the set value display section 49a by operating the up key 49d or the down key 49e, and the displayed value is input to the temperature indicating controller 49 as a set value. (This opening range is adjusted according to the capacity of the blower)

The flow control valve 50, whose opening is automatically adjusted by the temperature indicating controller 49, is provided with a blower pipe 15 for blowing air from the blower 14 to a blower chamber 8b provided below the dry distillation chamber 1b.
To be provided. This flow control valve 50 is a butterfly valve which is fully opened and closed by rotating a butterfly valve plate (not shown) by 90 degrees and is suitable for automatic control, and a terminal incorporated in the butterfly valve plate. The coordinator 51 is linked to the adjuster 5
When the operation signal of the temperature indicating controller 49 is applied to the control valve 1, the opening of the butterfly valve plate is adjusted so as to be inversely proportional to the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas, and the combustion air with respect to the waste and the like in the carbonization chamber 1a is adjusted. The amount of supply is increased or decreased, and the adjustment state of the valve opening by the adjuster 51 is transmitted to and displayed on a valve opening indicator 52 shown in FIG. The indicator 52 is provided with a switch 52a.
Can be switched to manual adjustment by operating the knob 52b.

The main setting value of the temperature indicating controller 49 is, for example, 6
When the temperature is set to 00 ° C., the sub-setting value is set to 200 ° C. which is 20% of the full scale 1000 ° C., and the maximum opening of the flow control valve 50 is set to 90% and the minimum is set to 5%, respectively.
The temperature indicating controller 49 switches the temperature between the main set value of 600 ° C. and the sub set value of 200 ° C. lower than this temperature by 400 ° C.
Within the range of ° C., the opening degree of the flow control valve 14 is adjusted so as to be maximum at 400 ° C. and minimum at 600 ° C. in proportion to the deviation between the set value and the actual value. Therefore,
In this setting, if a high-calorific value polymer compound or low-calorific value waste mixed with a plant material or the like is introduced into the carbonization chamber 1b to perform carbonization, combustible gas is generated by carbonization. It is sent to the combustor 4 and burns by the combustor 4 and the flame blows into the boiler 3, exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 3 b of the boiler 3, and the flue gas is discharged from the chimney 5. Is detected by a temperature sensor 48 provided at the rear part of the controller and transmitted to a temperature indicating controller 49. However, when the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is 400 ° C. or less, the flow rate adjusting valve 14
Is kept at the maximum opening degree and sufficiently supplies combustion air to the carbonization chamber 1b to increase the amount of combustible gas generated by vigorously performing carbonization of waste and the like, and to reduce the amount of combustion exhaust gas generated by combustion of combustible gas. Raise the temperature above 400 ° C. Along with this,
The temperature indicating controller 49 outputs an operation signal for closing the flow to the adjusting device 15 of the flow regulating valve 14, and the regulator 15 gradually closes the flow regulating valve 14 so that the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas becomes 600 °.
When the temperature reaches ° C, the opening of the flow control valve 14 is minimized. When the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas falls to 600 ° C. or less, the temperature indicating controller 49 sets the controller 15
The operation signal of valve opening is output, and the flow control valve 14 is gradually opened by the regulator 15 so that the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas becomes 400 ° C.
When the pressure reaches the maximum value, the flow control valve 14 is operated so as to maximize the opening degree, and the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is always kept within an appropriate range by appropriately adjusting the opening degree of the valve within the range of the temperature difference in the proportional band. I do. Therefore, the total calorific value of the combustible gas combusted in the combustor 4 is always substantially constant as long as the combustibles are in the carbonization chamber 1b.

In the dry distillation of waste containing a mixture of a polymer compound having a high calorific value and a plant material having a low calorific value, the polymer substance and the plant material may be present alternately in layers. For example, if the amount of combustible gas generated is the same between the layer of the polymer substance and the layer of the plant material, a large difference is generated in the total calorific value obtained by combustion. In this case, if the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas rises, the opening degree of the flow control valve 50 is closed by the temperature indicating controller 49 in accordance with the temperature rise, the amount of combustion air for carbonization is reduced, and carbonization is suppressed. When the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas decreases, the degree of opening of the flow control valve 50 is opened by the temperature indicating controller 49 in accordance with the temperature decrease, and the amount of combustion air for carbonization is increased to increase the carbonization. In addition, the total calorific value obtained by burning the combustible gas can be made substantially constant.

In some cases, high molecular compounds such as wastes and plant materials are discriminated and dry-distilled. In this case, if the supply of combustion air is constant due to the nature of waste, etc., the form, the density difference of sedimentation, and other factors, the total calorific value of combustible gas generated due to the change in dry distillation condition will increase or decrease. In some cases, causing a difference in the combustion temperature. For this reason, when the temperature of the flue gas rises, the temperature indicating controller 49
To close the opening of the flow control valve 50, thereby reducing the supply of combustion air for dry distillation to suppress dry distillation. If the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas becomes low, the temperature indicating controller 49 opens the flow control valve 50. By increasing the supply of combustion air for carbonization by increasing the degree of carbonization, carbonization becomes active, and the total calorific value obtained by combustion of the combustible gas is kept substantially constant.

As described above, the dry distillation state of wastes is adjusted according to the difference in calorific value, and if the total calorific value of the combustible gas generated is kept substantially constant, the combustible gas is supplied to the combustor 4 to burn the combustible gas. Even if the amount of air is constant, the change in the combustion temperature of the combustible gas is small, and the generation of soot and harmful gas due to incomplete combustion is small. However, in order to further improve the heat utilization rate of the combustible gas and the purification of the combustion exhaust gas, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is measured, and when the temperature rises, the combustible gas tends to increase. It is preferable that the amount of combustible gas and the amount of combustion air be matched so as to reduce the amount of combustion air because the amount of combustion air is increased and the amount of combustion gas tends to decrease when the temperature decreases.

The adjustment of the supply amount of the combustion air for matching the amount of the combustible gas and the amount of the combustion air is performed by a flow control valve 53 provided in a blower pipe 44 for blowing air from the blower 43 to the combustion chamber 4.
It is performed by The flow control valve 53 is fully opened and fully closed by rotating a butterfly valve plate (not shown) by 90 degrees.
Using a butterfly valve suitable for automatic control of the flow rate, by linking a regulator 54 having a built-in terminal to this butterfly valve plate,
When an operation signal is input from the temperature indicating controller 55 to the controller 54, the butterfly valve plate is rotated and the opening is adjusted so as to be inversely proportional to the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas. The amount of air supply is increased or decreased, and the adjustment state of the valve opening by the adjuster 54 is transmitted and displayed on a valve opening indicator 56 shown in FIG. The indicator 56 can be switched to manual adjustment by operating a knob 56b by a switch 56a.

A temperature indicating controller 55 for outputting an operation signal to the flow control valve 53 is provided with a display section 55a for switching between a main set value and a multi-set value for display, and for displaying the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas transmitted from the temperature sensor 48. Display unit 55b, a mode key 55c for changing a setting mode, an up key 55d for increasing / decreasing a set value, and a down key 55e. The maximum and minimum setting of the opening degree of the flow control valve 53 is also provided. it can.

The main set value set in the temperature indicating controller 55 is to set a temperature slightly lower than the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas before the combustible gas starts self-combustion and causes incomplete combustion due to insufficient combustion air. An appropriate value is selected within the range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., and the sub-set value is a value that sets a proportional band in which the opening of the flow control valve 53 is adjusted in proportion to the deviation between the main set value and the actual value. And the proportional band is 600 ° C ~
To set the temperature at 700 ° C., an appropriate value is selected within the range of 60% to 70% with respect to the full scale 1000 ° C. of the temperature indicating controller 55, and the opening degree range of the flow control valve 53 is set to the maximum. Set 100% and the minimum to about 10%.
(This opening range is adjusted according to the capacity of the blower)

The main setting value of the temperature indicating controller 55 is, for example, 1
When the temperature is set to 50 ° C., the sub-set value is set to 600 ° C. which is 60% of the full scale of 1000 ° C., and the maximum opening of the flow control valve 53 is set to 100% and the minimum is set to 10%, The indicating controller 55 adjusts the flow rate in proportion to the deviation between the set value and the actual value in a range of 600 ° C. between a main set value of 150 ° C. and a sub set value of 600 ° C. higher than the main set value of 750 ° C. The opening degree of the valve 53 is adjusted so as to be minimum at 150 ° C. and maximum at 750 ° C.
Therefore, in this setting, carbonization of wastes and the like is performed in the carbonization chamber 1b, and the combustible gas generated by the carbonization is burned into the combustor 4.
Then, the flame is blown into the flame chamber 3b of the boiler 3 to exchange heat with the heat exchanger 3b, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 5. Then, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is detected by the temperature sensor 48 and transmitted to the temperature indicating controller 55. However, when the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is 150 ° C. or lower, since the temperature indicating controller 55 does not output the operation signal, the flow control valve 53 is kept at the minimum opening and the combustion air is not supplied to the combustion chamber 4. However, when the temperature of the flue gas rises to 150 ° C. or higher, the temperature indicating controller 55 outputs an operation signal for closing the valve to the regulator 54 of the flow regulating valve 53, and the regulator 54 gradually operates the flow regulating valve 53. When the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas reaches 750 ° C., the opening of the flow control valve 53 is maximized. Further, when the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas falls to 750 ° C. or less, the temperature indicating controller 55 adjusts the controller 54 of the flow control valve 53.
The operation signal of the valve closing is output, and the flow regulating valve 53 is gradually closed by the regulator 54 so that the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas becomes 150 °.
When the temperature reaches ° C, the flow regulating valve 53 is operated so as to minimize the opening thereof, and the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is always kept within an appropriate temperature range. Therefore, the combustible gas combusted in the combustor 4 is always supplied with an appropriate amount of combustion air, and completely combusts without generating soot, thereby efficiently heating the boiler 3 and the like.

Further, the adjustment of the supply amount of the combustion air for matching the amount of the combustible gas and the amount of the combustion air can be performed based on a change in the concentration of the residual oxygen contained in the combustion exhaust gas. In this case, an oxygen meter 57 is provided in the chimney 5 for discharging the combustion exhaust gas from the boiler 3, and the residual oxygen concentration contained in the combustion exhaust gas is measured by the oxygen meter 57, and the measured oxygen concentration is indicated by the residual oxygen concentration. Tell controller 58,
The set value and the measured value are compared, and an operation signal based on the difference is output. Then, the operation signal is supplied to the regulator 5 of the flow regulating valve 53 for regulating the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 4.
4 to adjust the opening of the flow control valve 53 based on the change in the residual oxygen concentration. The flow control valve 53
The adjustment state of the opening degree is transmitted and displayed to the valve opening indicator 59 as shown in FIG. This indicator 59 is a switch 59a.
Can be switched to manual adjustment by operating the knob 59b.

In the case where the control of the flow control valve 53 for adjusting the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustor 4 is performed based on both the change in the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas and the change in the residual oxygen concentration, the controller 54 A switch 60 for switching and connecting the temperature indicating controller 55 and the residual oxygen concentration indicating controller 58 to the controller 54 is provided on the input side of the control signal, and the opening degree indicator is provided on the output side of the valve opening degree display signal. A switching device 61 for switching and connecting the opening 56 and the opening degree indicating type 59 to the regulator 54 is provided so that control based on a change in the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas and control based on a change in the residual oxygen concentration can be selectively performed.

The remaining oxygen concentration indicating controller 58 includes a display unit 58a for displaying the main setting value and the multiple setting values by switching, and a display unit 58b for displaying the remaining oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas transmitted from the oximeter 57. , A mode key 58c for changing the setting mode, and an up key 58 for increasing or decreasing the set value.
d, and a down key 58e.
The maximum and minimum setting of the opening degree 3 can also be performed.

In setting the residual oxygen concentration indicating controller 58, the optimum residual concentration in the exhaust gas at the time of complete combustion at the set combustion temperature is confirmed, and the main set value is set to the sub-set value and the valve opening at this optimum residual concentration. The value of the maximum oxygen concentration, which is proportional to the degree, is set. If the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is optimally set to 8%, the maximum oxygen concentration is set to 1 according to the capacity of the blower and the combustion temperature.
An appropriate value within the range of 3% to 18% is selected, and the sub-set value is a proportional band value for adjusting the opening of the flow control valve 53 in proportion to the deviation between the main set value and the sub-set value. When the proportional band is set to 10 to 15, the full scale 21 of the remaining oxygen concentration indicating controller 58 is set to 12% to 21%.
Select an appropriate value within the range. The opening range of the flow control valve 53 is set to a maximum of 100% and a minimum of 0% according to the capacity and the combustion temperature of the blower.

When the optimum residual concentration in the exhaust gas at the time of complete combustion at the set combustion temperature is, for example, 8%, the residual oxygen concentration is indicated and adjusted under the conditions of the combustion temperature and the blowing function at which the valve opening is 70%. The main setting value of the total 58 is set to 15%, the sub setting is set to 10% with respect to the full scale 21, the maximum opening of the flow control valve 53 is set to 100%, and the minimum is set to 0%. When carbonization of waste and the like is performed in the carbonization chamber 1b, the flame of the combustible gas generated by the carbonization and sent to the combustor 4 and burned is blown into the flame chamber 3a of the boiler 3 to exchange heat with the heat exchanger 3b. The flue gas is discharged from the chimney 5. Then, the residual oxygen concentration indicating controller 58 detects the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and does not output the operation signal if the residual oxygen concentration is maintained at 8% of the optimum value. The state is maintained. However, when the residual oxygen concentration decreases to 8% or less, the residual oxygen concentration indicating controller 58
Outputs an operation signal for opening the valve to the regulator 54 of the flow regulating valve 53, and causes the regulator 54 to open the flow regulating valve 53 as shown by the line a in the valve control diagram based on the residual oxygen concentration in FIG. ,
When the residual oxygen concentration becomes 5%, the flow control valve 53 is opened to the opening degree of 10%.
0 is fully open. Conversely, when the residual oxygen concentration increases to 8% or more, the residual oxygen concentration indicating controller 58 sets the flow control valve 53
The operation signal of closing the valve is output to the regulator 54 of FIG. 9, and the regulator 54 closes the flow control valve 53 as shown by the line a in the valve control diagram based on the residual oxygen concentration in FIG.
When it reaches 5%, the flow control valve 53 is fully closed with the opening degree of 0. Therefore, the supply of the combustion air in which the residual oxygen concentration is maintained at about 8% of the optimum value is performed, the combustible gas is completely burned without generating soot and the like, and the boiler 3 and the like are efficiently heated. Can be.

On the condition that the valve opening degree for obtaining the optimum residual oxygen concentration of 8% for complete combustion of the combustible gas depends on the combustion temperature and the capacity of the blower and the valve opening degree is 90%, the main set value is set at 17%.
% And the sub-set values are set to 10%, the flow control valve 53 is fully opened when the residual oxygen concentration decreases to 7% as shown by the line b in the valve control diagram based on the residual oxygen concentration in FIG.
When the valve is controlled to be fully closed at 7% and the valve opening is 50% to obtain an optimum residual oxygen concentration of 8% for complete combustion of combustible gas, the main setting value is 13% and the sub setting value is 13%. When the value is set to 10%, the flow control valve 53 is fully opened when the residual oxygen concentration decreases to 3% as shown by the line c in the valve control diagram based on the residual oxygen concentration in FIG. 9, and fully closed at 13%. Are controlled to be
Combustion air is supplied so that the residual oxygen concentration is kept close to 8% of the optimum value, the combustible gas is completely burned without generating soot and the like, and the boiler 3 and the like are efficiently heated. .

[0044]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, (1) Even if the calorific value of the waste to be carbonized differs depending on the material type, the total calorific value of the combustible gas generated by adjusting the carbonized amount can be made almost constant. (2) In the dry distillation of the same kind of waste, the properties, form,
Even if the carbonization state changes due to the density or other causes, this change can be corrected by adjusting the carbonization amount to make the total calorific value of the combustible gas generated substantially constant. (3) If the calorific value of the combustible gas generated is almost constant,
When this is burned in a combustor, the combustible gas is completely burned at a substantially constant temperature, and efficient use of heat can be made such that the combustion exhaust gas hardly causes environmental pollution. (4) Since the amount of air for burning waste and the like is adjusted based on the temperature change of the combustion system to adjust the dry distillation state, accurate and automatic adjustment can be quickly performed.

Advantageous Effects of Claim 2 (1) If the combustion temperature of the combustible gas rises or falls, the supply amount of combustion air is increased or decreased accordingly.
An appropriate amount of air can always be set. (2) By setting an appropriate air amount, the combustible gas performs complete combustion with the lowest air amount and generates the highest temperature, which greatly contributes to improvement of heat utilization efficiency and promotion of purification of exhaust gas.

Advantageous Effects of Claim 3 (1) Since the amount of air for burning the combustible gas is adjusted based on the concentration of residual oxygen in the exhaust gas, accurate adjustment is automatically and promptly performed. (2) By setting an appropriate air amount, the combustible gas performs complete combustion with the lowest air amount and generates the highest temperature, which greatly contributes to improvement of heat utilization efficiency and promotion of purification of exhaust gas. (3) Since the excess / deficiency state of the combustion air amount is accurately grasped based on the residual oxygen concentration and an appropriate amount of combustion air for constantly burning is supplied, soot generation due to incomplete combustion is prevented.
Effective heat recovery is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a waste gasification combustion apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same device.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional front view of a carbonization furnace in the same apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the carbonization furnace.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged front view of a device provided in the carbonization furnace for rotating and elevating a leveling member for waste and the like.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional side view showing a configuration of a combustor of combustible gas and a boiler in the above device.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the above device.

8 (a) and 8 (b) are schematic diagrams showing a type in which a dry distillation furnace and a combustor of the same apparatus are vertically connected.

FIG. 9 is a valve control diagram based on residual oxygen concentration.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Gasification and combustion equipment for wastes, etc. 1 Dry distillation furnace 1b Dry distillation chamber 4 Combustible gas combustor 15 Air blow pipe to dry distillation furnace 49 Temperature indicator controller 50 Flow control valve 51 Regulator 44 Air blow pipe to combustor 53 Flow rate adjustment Valve 54 Regulator 55 Temperature indicating controller 57 Oxygen meter 58 Remaining oxygen concentration indicating controller

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste or the like is put into a carbonization chamber, a part of the lower layer is slowly burned, and the combustion heat of the lower layer is carbonized to generate a combustible gas, which is combusted by a combustor. In a gasification combustion device for burning waste, etc., a flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to the carbonization chamber, and the flow control valve reduces the flow rate when the temperature of the gas combustion system increases,
When the temperature drops, the regulator is operated to increase the flow rate, and even if there is a difference in the calorific value of the waste etc. supplied to the carbonization chamber, the total calorific value of the combustible gas generated by adjusting the carbonization amount is almost constant. An apparatus for gasifying and burning waste or the like. 2. A flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to a combustor that burns combustible gas.
When the temperature of the gas combustion system rises, the flow rate is increased, and when the temperature of the gas combustion system falls, it is operated by a regulator to reduce the flow rate, always supplying an appropriate amount of combustion air to the combustible gas, and The gasification combustion apparatus for wastes according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is completely burned. 3. A flow control valve is provided in a blower pipe that sends combustion air to a combustor that burns combustible gas.
When the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from the combustor increases, the flow rate is reduced, and when the residual oxygen concentration decreases, the flow rate is increased by a regulator to constantly supply an appropriate amount of combustion air to the combustible gas. 2. The apparatus for gasifying and combusting wastes according to claim 1, wherein the gas is completely burned.