ITUD20000052A1 - SHREDDING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

Patent Description for Invention

Title:

Shredder machine

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a shredding machine.

Field of application

The present invention is preferably applied, albeit not exclusively for twigs, but it is clear that the machine can also be used for similar purposes.

State of the art

At the present state of the art shredding machines of various shapes are known.

The solution most adopted within the scope of the invention is that of the use of a hopper through which the branches are loaded which strike the face of a rotating disk which has radially or almost radially projecting teeth which extend linearly for cut the respective branches.

Drawbacks

This type of shredder encounters the great impact problem when cutting large branches due to the strong impact resistance provided by the cutting blades or knives that extend radially or almost radially, which notoriously require a drive torque, precisely for their structure, remarkably high.

Likewise, the stresses on the machine are very strong with abnormal operation and vibrations, danger of breakage, etc. However, with this solution powerful motors and great energy absorption are required.

The danger of stopping the rotation of the disc with the motor under tension is however always present, so it must be stated that the proposed solution is certainly not very acceptable.

Solutions with bolted knives are dangerous due to the risk of loosening of the screws.

Solutions with knives obtained from molding by deformation of the disc are not very reliable, both due to the necessary limited hardness of the disc material which notoriously for safety must be tough but not excessively hard.

The use of extended teeth therefore entails the aforementioned problem.

But even the shapes with several teeth aligned according to a straight line or a curve, are however, even if spiral, with curvature, i.e. inclination with respect to the radius, extremely limited and generally with coverage not extending beyond the quadrangle of the disc, so that, even with a plurality of teeth in line also according to a spiral curve, there is always a great impact caused precisely by the simultaneous action of a plurality of teeth. Purpose of the finding

The purpose of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks.

Another purpose is to avoid clogging during work and to provide greater progressiveness to processing.

Essence of the invention

The problem is solved as claimed by means of a shredding machine, of the rotating disc type with cutting knives projecting onto a working face of the rotating disc where the materials to be shredded are pressed, characterized in that said knives are in the shape of spaced teeth and arranged in a helical row extending over at least two quadrants.

Preferably, the helical row ends substantially in at least one round angle.

Advantages of innovation

The advantages obtained with this solution consist in the fact that, being the row of teeth strongly inclined (slightly angled with respect to the orthogonal to the radius of the knife involved in the cut), the material is progressively attacked by the subsequent teeth, avoiding the strong impact that instead it occurs with elongated knives or with those with a plurality but arranged substantially within the radius.

In the preferential solution, the cutting teeth are wedged in corresponding through holes of the blade and blocked there by gluing or brazing.

The advantage of the joint is fundamental for safety against detachment and the possibility of using hard metals, not excluding sintered ones, is equally important for their longer life.

Description of an embodiment of the invention

These and other advantages will appear from the following description of a preferential embodiment solution, with the help of the attached drawings, the details of which are not to be construed as limiting but only provided by way of example.

Figure 1 is a schematic side elevation view, with partial axial section of the crushing zone containing the cutting disc.

Figure 2A is a plan view of the cutting disc with knives (teeth) arranged in a spiral shape contrary to the direction of rotation.

Figure 2B is a plan view of the cutting disc with knives arranged in a spiral shape according to the direction of rotation.

Figures 3 and 4 are partial section views from the side and partial top views of a portion of the disc involving a cutting knife.

As can be seen from the above figures, the machine has a frame (1) with a stand with rear legs (11) and front legs (12) with front wheels (121) for movement in a wheelbarrow by means of a holding and lifting handle (13) is that it can be removed and used during work (13 ') to facilitate the penetration of the branches (R) into the funnel-shaped upper loading hopper (4) (channel 40). The hopper (4) for this purpose can also be rotated forwards (4 '), for maintenance or in case of blocking of the disc or clogging of the crushing area within the respective casing (14).

The loading hopper (4) also has a flexible protective barrier (41) for safety.

Under the casing (14) and between the trestle feet (11,12), the electric motor (2) is axially fixed, with respective front control (21).

The motor shaft (2) passes through the casing (14) and is coupled to the cutting disc (3).

The casing also has a plurality of radial flaps (141, 142) to control the passage of the branches and to facilitate their crushing and cutting (in this specific case these are fixed to the upper wall of the casing which actually forms part of the lower or base surface of the hopper).

In particular, there is a first main sash (141) immediately downstream of the branch introduction area (R) and a plurality of secondary sashes (142) arranged at angular distance shaped with edges turned into a "C".

On the side opposite to the control (21) there is a mouth with a discharge chute (15).

The teeth (31) are wedged in corresponding rectangular holes (30) of the blade (3) and glued or welded or better brazed (thick line 30)

Further details

The material to be processed, twigs (branches and leaves), are pushed against the teeth (31) and held so that they do not rotate with the disc, by the first sash (141), consisting of a surface perpendicular to the disc.

The spiral of the teeth can be formed by one or more turns. Each d removes material along its trajectory. The tooth following the previous one removes material in an area adjacent to the one already machined. The spiral can be placed so that the teeth start working from the inside of the disc and in this case the following teeth are moved to a greater radius, or the teeth can start working from the outside of the disc and in this case the following teeth are displaced inwards, i.e. on a smaller radius. (See Figure No. 2, "A" and "B")

The teeth (31) are made of hardened steel, or with hard metal plates. The teeth have a shape and sharpening suitable for cutting and discharging the material.

The teeth (31) are fixed to the tooth-holding disc as described above, but the whole could also be integrated and the teeth welded directly onto the disc without interlocking.

The complete disc (3) with its teeth (31) thus functions as a rodent.

The material to be shredded (R) is held against the rotation of the disc by the wear-resistant material surface of said main head (141). The main sash is part of the material introduction channel.

Small pieces of material can escape the action of the teeth (31) by passing under the main sash (141). To trap these pieces of wood or leaves that escaped the action of the teeth for the first time (31), one or more secondary leaves (142) are added to retain these residues, thus giving the teeth (31) the possibility of improving the work of crushing before unloading.

To help the expulsion of the shredded material, an air current can be generated with a fan whose fins (32) are placed and fixed on the lower part of the tooth-holding disc (3). Appropriate openings (33) made in the tooth holder disc (3) and mainly in the lower surface of the machine will facilitate the flow of air.

The cutting system can work by rotating around a vertical, horizontal or inclined axis. The choice is suggested by the type of engine used and the design of the machine in general.

The preferred solution is with two wheels (121) but it is clear that it could also be with a wheelbarrow.

The rodent disc is keyed directly on the motor shaft by means of a hub with key and fixed with a screw at the end of the shaft. The motor (2) is mounted vertically by means of a flange.

The material to be processed (R) is loaded through the hopper (4) and vertical channel (40) which guides said material to the rodent disc.

The processed material is discharged through the 45 ° inclined channel (15).

The material introduction channel (40) and the discharge channel (15) are quite long to make it difficult for the operator's hands to enter into dangerous points of the machine.

The number of secondary leaves (142) is three for further crushing and easier unloading, the material with which the secondary leaves are made, as well as the main door which is incorporated in the feed channel, is a good steel resistant to 'usury.

The rodent disc (3) has, as mentioned, holes for the passage of air (33) and carries the fins of the fan (32) in the lower face to increase the air flow and to eliminate dust in the hopper.

The upper part of the machine (hopper 4), is welded in a single piece, and is hinged in the lower body (casing 14) to be able to open it for cleaning in case of clogging and for maintenance. In order to open the machine it is necessary to remove two knob nuts.

The upper part of the machine is also easily removable to reduce the packing volume.

The machine is equipped with an electric device that prevents the opening of the machine with the rodent disc in motion. This device consists of an electric lock, of the type used in electric washing machines, connected in such a way that the machine cannot be opened if there is electrical voltage in the machine. The device also has a timer that allows sufficient time to pass to stop the rotation of the motor, before allowing the opening of the machine. The machine cannot start when it is open.

To help feed loose material into the hopper, as mentioned, a bar is provided which also serves to guide the machine in its movements.

The machine does not tolerate the introduction of stones and nails, which are notoriously dangerous.

The electric motor power considered as functional can be around 2.2 KW.

The use of numerous small teeth arranged along a spiral engages them individually, or in a limited number, in the cutting operation, thus allowing the cutting of larger branches than conventional machines and a good performance of the machine with the same power.

With this solution the machine no longer has to cut the branch with a single blow, but this is eaten by the many small teeth.

This system tends to reduce the woody parts into particles similar to large sawdust and therefore ready for a rapid transformation into humus.

The details of execution may however vary.

Advantageously, as can be seen from Figure 1, the discharge of the crushed material occurs substantially above said disc 3, while the air is conveyed from below.

Claims (13)

CLAIMS 1. Shredding machine, of the rotating disc type (3) with projecting cutting knives (31) on a working face of the rotating disc (3) where the materials to be shredded (R) are pressed, characterized by the fact that said knives (31 ) are in the shape of spaced teeth (31) in a plurality and arranged in a helical row which extends for at least substantially two quadrangles. 2. Shredding machine, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said plurality of toothed knives (31) is arranged in a helical row for at least substantially one round angle. 3. Machine according to claim 1 and: or 2, characterized in that said teeth (31) fit into corresponding holes (30) of said disc (3). 4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that said teeth (31) are fixed with adhesive material in said joint (30). 5. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that said teeth (31) are fixed by brazing in said joint (30). 6. Machine according to claim 3., characterized by the fact that said interlocking holes and respective interlocking section of said teeth are rectangular (30). 7. Machine according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that said toothed knives (31) are welded to the surface of said carrier disk (3). 8. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the opposite side of the said disc there are provided ventilation flaps (32). 9. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that adjacent to the mouth of the material to be crushed (R), a first transverse head (141) is provided to substantially reduce the chip passage section. 10. Machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that behind said first transverse sash (141) secondary sashes (142) are provided. 1 1. Machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said secondary leaves (142) are three in number. 12. Machine according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that said secondary leaves (142) are with side flaps closing substantially in a "C" shape. 13. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the discharge of the crushed material occurs substantially above said disc 3, while the air is conveyed from below.