ITUB20150584A1 - Genetically modified bacteria that produce mcl-PHA - Google Patents
Genetically modified bacteria that produce mcl-PHA Download PDFInfo
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- ITUB20150584A1 ITUB20150584A1 ITUB2015A000584A ITUB20150584A ITUB20150584A1 IT UB20150584 A1 ITUB20150584 A1 IT UB20150584A1 IT UB2015A000584 A ITUB2015A000584 A IT UB2015A000584A IT UB20150584 A ITUB20150584 A IT UB20150584A IT UB20150584 A1 ITUB20150584 A1 IT UB20150584A1
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- genetically modified
- bba
- modified strain
- pha
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1025—Acyltransferases (2.3)
- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/21—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Pseudomonadaceae (F)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D167/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
- C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
- C12P7/625—Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
Descrizione dell?invenzione industriale avente titolo "Batteri geneticamente modificati che producono mcl-PHA" Description of the industrial invention entitled "Genetically modified bacteria producing mcl-PHA"
La presente invenzione riguarda un ceppo ricombinante di Pseudomonas mediterranea (VVC1GI) che over-esprime una serie di tre geni [phaCl , phaG e phal), cruciali per la produzione di PHA mediante conversione del glicerolo; due plasmidi ricombinanti sotto controllo di promotori forti contenenti tali geni (pBBRphalphaG e pMPphaCl); e nuovi poliesteri filmabili (mcl-PHA) ottenuti da un ceppo ricombinante di Pseudomonas mediterranea (VVC1GI). The present invention relates to a recombinant strain of Mediterranean Pseudomonas (VVC1GI) which over-expresses a series of three genes [phaCl, phaG and phal), crucial for the production of PHA by glycerol conversion; two recombinant plasmids under the control of strong promoters containing these genes (pBBRphalphaG and pMPphaCl); and new filmable polyesters (mcl-PHA) obtained from a recombinant strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea (VVC1GI).
L?invenzione inoltre riguarda l?uso di questi nuovi poliesteri filmabili da applicare come rivestimento resistente all?acqua o per produrre nano-particelle o micro-particelle utile nel trasporto dei farmaci. The invention also relates to the use of these new filmable polyesters to be applied as a water-resistant coating or to produce nano-particles or micro-particles useful in the transport of drugs.
STATO DELL?ARTE DELL?INVENZIONE STATE OF THE ART OF THE INVENTION
Poliidrossialcanoati (PHA) sono materiali di stoccaggio di carbonio ed energia sintetizzati da una variet? di batteri quando crescono in condizioni limitanti di nutrienti in presenza di un eccesso di carbonio. Questi polimeri hanno attratto molto interesse in quanto sono ecologici e biodegradabili. A differenza delle plastiche basate sul petrolio, PHA possono essere ottenuti da fonti rinnovabili. I PHA sono generalmente raggruppati in tre categorie: PHA a lunghezza di catena corta (scl-PHA) che contengono unit? ripetute da 3 a 5 atomi di carbonio, PHA a lunghezza di catena media (mcl-PHA) che contengono unit? ripetute da 6 a 14 atomi di carbonio, e scl-co-mcl PHA, che consistono sia di unit? ripetute di lunghezza da catena corta e a catena media. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are carbon and energy storage materials synthesized from a variety of materials. of bacteria when they grow in nutrient-limiting conditions in the presence of an excess of carbon. These polymers have attracted a lot of interest as they are environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Unlike petroleum-based plastics, PHA can be obtained from renewable sources. PHAs are generally grouped into three categories: Short chain length PHAs (scl-PHAs) which contain unit? repeated from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, medium chain length PHA (mcl-PHA) containing unit? repeated from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and scl-co-mcl PHA, which consist of both units? repeated in length from short chain to medium chain.
In particolare, mcl-PHA mostrano anche propriet? come termoelastomeri e sono attrattivi pel-le applicazioni biomediche, come il trasporto dei farmaci e l?ingegneria tissutale. In particular, mcl-PHA also show properties? as thermoelastomers and are attractive for biomedical applications, such as drug transport and tissue engineering.
Nel tentativo di ridurre i costi di produzione, materiali rinnovabili e di minor valore sono stati testati come substrato per la produzione di PHA (Ashby et al, 2011), come melasse di soia (Solaiman et al, 2006), co-prodotti a base di grano (Koutinas et al, 2007, Xu et al., 2010), gliceloro rifinito e grezzo (Ashby et al, 2004, Cavalheiro et al, 2009, Ashby et al, 201 1). In an effort to reduce manufacturing costs, renewable and less valuable materials have been tested as substrates for PHA production (Ashby et al, 2011), such as soy molasses (Solaiman et al, 2006), co-based products of wheat (Koutinas et al, 2007, Xu et al., 2010), refined and raw glycoline (Ashby et al, 2004, Cavalheiro et al, 2009, Ashby et al, 201 1).
Ceppi di Pseudomonas sono noti produrre mcl-PHA, che differiscono da scl-PHA (detto PHB). Nel gruppo degli Pseudomonas fluorescens (Solaiman et al., 2002), il ceppo di P. mediterranea CFBP 5447 (9.1) ? in grado di convertire il glicerolo raffinato e biodiesel in mcl-PHA (Paimeri et al., 2012), con un peso molecolare di circa 56 KDa, che produce un film trasparente, senza odore e resistente all?acqua (Pappalardo et al., 2014). Queste propriet? chimiche permettono la preparazione di miscele di PLA/PHA con migliorate capacit? tecnologiche, sia in termini di azione di plasticizzazione che lubrificante delle macromolecole di PHA che permettono un migliore scorrimento delle macromolecole di PLA soggette a deformazione solida. (Botta et al., 2015, sottomesso). Strains of Pseudomonas are known to produce mcl-PHA, which differ from scl-PHA (called PHB). In the group of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Solaiman et al., 2002), the strain of P. Mediterranea CFBP 5447 (9.1)? able to convert refined glycerol and biodiesel into mcl-PHA (Paimeri et al., 2012), with a molecular weight of about 56 KDa, which produces a transparent, odorless and water resistant film (Pappalardo et al., 2014). These properties chemicals allow the preparation of blends of PLA / PHA with improved capacity? technological, both in terms of plasticization and lubricating action of the PHA macromolecules that allow a better sliding of the PLA macromolecules subject to solid deformation. (Botta et al., 2015, submitted).
Il genoma di P. mediterranea 9.1 (CFBP5447) ? stato sequenziato e molti geni coinvolti con la sintesi di PHA sono stati identificati (Licciardello et al., 2014). Due geni di PHA sintasi, phaC\ e pliaCl, separati dal gene phaZ della PHA depolimerasi, sono caratteristici del locus PHA di classe II. Queste sintasi generalmente preferiscono il 3-idrossiacil-coenzima A (CoA) con catene di lunghezza da 6 a 14 atomi di carbonio come substrato per produrre polimeri di mcl-PHA. A valle, il gene phaD codifica per un regolatore putativo trascrizionale e, in aggiunta, i geni phaF e phal codificano per la fasina, giocando quindi sia ruoli regolatori che funzionali. (Prieto et al., 1999). The genome of P. Mediterranea 9.1 (CFBP5447)? been sequenced and many genes involved with PHA synthesis have been identified (Licciardello et al., 2014). Two PHA synthase genes, phaC \ and pliaCl, separated from the PHA depolymerase phaZ gene, are characteristic of the class II PHA locus. These synthases generally prefer 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) with chains of 6 to 14 carbon atoms as substrate for producing mcl-PHA polymers. Downstream, the phaD gene encodes a putative transcriptional regulator and, in addition, the phaF and phal genes encode phasin, thus playing both regulatory and functional roles. (Prieto et al., 1999).
I precursori della sintesi del PHA sono pensati essere derivati dalla biosintesi degli acidi grassi quando il microorganismo ? cresciuto su fonti di carbonio non correlate, come glucosio e glicerolo, e la beta-ossidazione quando il microorganismo ? cresciuto su fonti di carbonio correlate, come gli acidi grassi. The precursors of PHA synthesis are thought to be derived from the biosynthesis of fatty acids when the microorganism? grown on unrelated carbon sources, such as glucose and glycerol, and beta-oxidation when the microorganism? grown on related carbon sources, such as fatty acids.
Per la produzione di PHA da fonti di carbonio non correlate, Fenzima transacilasi phaG ? un legame chiave tra la biosintesi degli acidi grassi e la biosintesi di mcl-PHA (Rehm et al., 201 1). For the production of PHA from unrelated carbon sources, Phenzyme transacylase phaG? a key link between fatty acid biosynthesis and mcl-PHA biosynthesis (Rehm et al., 201 1).
Tuttavia, i ceppi selvatici di Pseudomonas mediterranea sono in grado di produrre una piccola quantit? di polimeri di PHA che non ? in grado di coprire le necessit? industriali di questi prodotti, che sono industrialmente importanti per le loro diverse applicazioni. However, wild strains of Pseudomonas Mediterranea are capable of producing a small amount? of PHA polymers which not? able to cover the needs? of these products, which are industrially important for their various applications.
E? quindi evidente la necessit? di trovare nuove fonti di tali polimeri con l?opportunit? di incrementare la produttivit? e di abbassare i costi di produzione, accanto alla possibilit? di ottenere prodotti di migliore qualit? con maggiore funzionalit?. AND? therefore evident the necessity? to find new sources of these polymers with the opportunity? to increase productivity? and to lower production costs, next to the possibility? to obtain better quality products? with greater functionality.
DEFINIZIONI DEFINITIONS
Se non altrimenti definiti, tutti i termini dell?arte, notazioni e altre terminologie scientifiche utilizzate qui all?interno sono intese avere i significati comunemente compresi da colori abili nell<'>arte ai quali la descrizione si rivolge. In alcuni casi, i termini con significati comunemente compresi sono definiti qui all?intemo per chiarezza e/o per pronto riferimento; quindi l?inclusione di tali definizioni qui all?interno non dovrebbero essere costruiti per rappresentare una sostanziale differenza oltre a quello che ? generalmente compreso nell?arte. II termine ?over-espressione? si riferisce qui all?interno all?espressione artificiale di un gene in quantit? maggiori rispetto al ceppo selvatico. Unless otherwise defined, all art terms, notations and other scientific terminologies used herein are intended to have the meanings commonly understood by skilled colors in the art to which the description is intended. In some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for clarity and / or for ready reference; therefore the inclusion of such definitions herein should not be constructed to represent a substantial difference beyond what? generally understood in the art. The term? Over-expression? here refers to the artificial expression of a gene in quantity? greater than the wild strain.
La frase ?sito di legame ribosomale? (RBS) ? scelta dal gruppo ?RBS Community collection? che include una famiglia di RBS adatta per la generale espressione in E. coli o in altri procarioti, la cui sequenza ? descritta nella Tabella 4 e in http://parts.igein.oru/Ribosome Binding Sites/Prokaryotic/Constitutive/Community Collecti on. The phrase? Ribosomal binding site? (RBS)? chosen by the group? RBS Community collection? which includes a family of RBS suitable for general expression in E. coli or other prokaryotes, the sequence of which? described in Table 4 and in http: //parts.igein.oru/Ribosome Binding Sites / Prokaryotic / Constitutive / Community Collecti on.
Il termine ?terminatore rho-dipendente? si riferisce ad un terminatore trascrizionale utile per l?espressione delta proteina che lavora solo in presenza della proteina Rho. The term? Rho-dependent terminator? refers to a transcriptional terminator useful for delta protein expression that works only in the presence of the Rho protein.
Il termine ?terminatore rho-indipendente? si riferisce qui all?interno ad un terminatore trascrizionale utile per l?espressione della proteina in procarioti che lavora solo in assenza della proteina Rho. The term? Rho-independent terminator? it refers here to a transcriptional terminator useful for the expression of the protein in prokaryotes which works only in the absence of the Rho protein.
DESCRIZIONE DELL?INVENZIONE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
E? stato sorprendentemente trovato che un nuovo ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea (VVC3G?) ? in grado di over-esprimere una serie di tre geni (phaCl, phaG e phal), cruciali per la produzione di PHA mediante conversione di glicerolo, dopo trasformazione del ceppo con due vettori plasmidici che codificano per i geni sopra menzionati, sotto il controllo di promotori forti. AND? It was surprisingly found that a new genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea (VVC3G?)? capable of over-expressing a series of three genes (phaCl, phaG and phal), crucial for the production of PHA by glycerol conversion, after transformation of the strain with two plasmid vectors encoding the above-mentioned genes, under the control of strong promoters.
In particolare, come pu? essere osservato dai dati sperimentali riportati sotto, il ceppo modificato di P. mediterranea , ottenuto attraverso l?inserimento in trans di copie aggiuntive di tre geni (phaCl, phaG e phal), clonati nei nuovi plasmidi pBBRphalphaG e pMP220 phaCl ed espressi sotto il controllo del promotore Lac, mostrano la peculiare caratteristica di produrre l?elastomero mcl-PHA ad alta quantit? rispetto al ceppo normale di P. mediterranea. In particular, how can it? be observed from the experimental data reported below, the modified strain of P. mediterranean, obtained through the insertion in trans of additional copies of three genes (phaCl, phaG and phal), cloned in the new plasmids pBBRphalphaG and pMP220 phaCl and expressed under the control of the Lac promoter, show the peculiar characteristic of producing the mcl-PHA elastomer at a high quantity? compared to the normal strain of P. Mediterranea.
La pi? bassa quantit? di biomassa prodotta dal mutante ricombinante VVCtG ed il pi? alto contenuto di PHA rappresentano un vantaggio chiave per l?applicazione industriale di questo batterio. The "P? low quantity? of biomass produced by the recombinant mutant VVCtG and the pi? high content of PHA represent a key advantage for the industrial application of this bacterium.
Inoltre, la composizione monomerica del polimero derivato dal ceppo WC1GI ? leggermente differente dal polimero naturale. In particolare, la viscosit? di tale polimero ? indicativa di un pi? alto peso molecolare e/o di una differente conformazione spaziale della catena laterale. 11 nuovo polimero ottenuto (mcl-PHA) ? quindi diverso da ogni altro polimero noto fino ad ora. La sua principale applicazione ? quindi come prevista come un nuovo additivo per migliorare l?attivit? di miscele polimeriche, sia in termini di azione plasticizzante che di azione lubrificante del PHA. Come risultato le miscele mostrano un incremento dell<'>allungamento alla rottura e una riduzione dei moduli elastici ad alto contenuto di PHA. Un aspetto della presente invenzione ? quindi un ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea caratterizzato dal fatto che tale ceppo contiene almeno tre geni codificanti per le proteine sintasi PHA. Furthermore, the monomer composition of the polymer derived from the WC1GI strain? slightly different from natural polymer. In particular, the viscosity? of this polymer? indicative of a pi? high molecular weight and / or a different spatial conformation of the side chain. 11 new polymer obtained (mcl-PHA)? therefore different from any other polymer known up to now. Its main application? then as expected as a new additive to improve the activity? of polymeric mixtures, both in terms of plasticizing action and lubricating action of the PHA. As a result, the blends show an increase in elongation at break and a reduction in elastic modulus with a high PHA content. One aspect of the present invention? therefore a genetically modified strain of Mediterranean Pseudomonas characterized by the fact that this strain contains at least three genes coding for the PHA synthase proteins.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea caratterizzato dal fatto che detti almeno tre geni codificano per le proteine phaC I , phaG e phal. A further aspect of the present invention? a genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea characterized by the fact that said at least three genes encode the proteins phaC I, phaG and phal.
Preferibilmente, tali geni hanno la sequenza SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ 1D No. 2 e SE Q ID No. 3, rispettivamente. Preferably, such genes have the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ 1D No. 2 and SE Q ID No. 3, respectively.
In un aspetto preferito della presente invenzione tali almeno tre geni sono trasportati da almeno un plasmide ricombinante, preferibilmente da due plasmidi ricombinanti. In a preferred aspect of the present invention such at least three genes are carried by at least one recombinant plasmid, preferably by two recombinant plasmids.
In un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione il ceppo geneticamente modificato ? caratterizzato dal fatto di contenere un primo plasmide ricombinante che porta le sequenze codificanti per le proteine phaG e phal ed un secondo plasmide ricombinante che porta la sequenza codificante per la proteina phaCl . In a further aspect of the present invention the genetically modified strain? characterized in that it contains a first recombinant plasmid carrying the sequences coding for the phaG and phal proteins and a second recombinant plasmid carrying the coding sequence for the phaCl protein.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione tale primo plasmide ricombinante contiene una cassetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura, una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame del ribosoma, la sequenza codificante per la proteina phal ed un segnale di terminazione ed una casetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame ribosomale, una sequenza codificante per la proteina phaG ed un segnale di terminazione. In one aspect of the present invention, said first recombinant plasmid contains a prokaryotic expression cassette comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosome binding site, the coding sequence for the phal protein and a signaling signal. termination and a prokaryotic expression box comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosomal binding site, a sequence coding for the phaG protein and a termination signal.
Preferibilmente, detta prima cassetta di espressione procariotica ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 5 e tale seconda cassetta di espressione procariotica ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 6. Preferably, said first prokaryotic expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 5 and said second prokaryotic expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 6.
In un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione tale secondo plasmide ricombinante contiene almeno una cassetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura, una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame dei ribosoma, la sequenza codificante per la proteina phaCl e un segnale di terminazione. In a further aspect of the present invention, this second recombinant plasmid contains at least one prokaryotic expression cassette comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosome binding site, the sequence coding for the phaCl protein and a termination signal.
Secondo la presente invenzione tale sito di legame ribosomale ? selezionato fra BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa_B0035 o BBa_B0064, preferibilmente BBa_B0034. According to the present invention, such a ribosomal binding site? selected from BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa_B0035 or BBa_B0064, preferably BBa_B0034.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione tale segnale di terminazione ? selezionato fra un promotore T7, cmv, sp6, u6, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S o un promotore Lac. Preferibilmente, tale promotore ? il promotore Lac. In one aspect of the present invention such a termination signal? selected from a T7, cmv, sp6, u6, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S promoter or a Lac promoter. Preferably, such a promoter? the promoter Lac.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione il plasmide ricombinante contenente la sequenza codificante per le proteine phaG e phal ? il plasmide pBBRphalphaG, pi? preferibilmente tale plasmide ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 4. In one aspect of the present invention, the recombinant plasmid containing the coding sequence for the phaG and phal? the plasmid pBBRphalphaG, pi? preferably this plasmid has the sequence SEQ ID No. 4.
?n un aspetto della presente invenzione il plasmide ricombinante contenente la sequenza codificante per la proteina phaCl ? il plasmide pMPphaCl, derivato dal plasmide pMP220 (Spaink et al. 1987) dove la cassetta di espressione codificante per la proteina phaCl ? stata clonata. Preferibilmente, tale cassetta di espressione ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 7. Is the recombinant plasmid containing the coding sequence for the phaCl protein one aspect of the present invention? the pMPphaCl plasmid, derived from the pMP220 plasmid (Spaink et al. 1987) where the expression cassette encoding the phaCl protein? been cloned. Preferably, this expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 7.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione detto ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea ? il ceppo VVC1GI. In one aspect of the present invention said genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea? the VVC1GI strain.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un plasmide ricombinante contenente almeno una cassetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura, una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame ribosomale, la sequenza codificante per la proteina phal ed un segnale di terminazione ed almeno una cassetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura, una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame ribosomale, la sequenza codificante per la proteina phaG ed un segnale di terminazione. A further aspect of the present invention? a recombinant plasmid containing at least one prokaryotic expression cassette comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosomal binding site, the coding sequence for the phal protein and a termination signal and at least one expression cassette prokaryotic comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosomal binding site, the coding sequence for the phaG protein and a termination signal.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un plasmide ricombinante contenente una prima cassetta di espressione codificante per la sequenza della proteina phal e una seconda cassetta di espressione codificante per la sequenza della proteina phaG. A further aspect of the present invention? a recombinant plasmid containing a first expression cassette encoding the phal protein sequence and a second expression cassette encoding the phaG protein sequence.
Preferibilmente, tale prima cassetta di espressione procariotica ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 5 e tale seconda cassetta di espressione procariotica ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 6. Preferably, this first prokaryotic expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 5 and this second prokaryotic expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 6.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione tale plasmide ricombinante ? un plasmide utilizzabile per l?espressione della proteina in un ceppo di Pseudomonas mediterranea , preferibilmente tale plasmide ? selezionato tra pBluescript II KS-, pBBRl, pBR328, pBBRIMSC o pM220, pi? preferibilmente pBBRIMCS o pM220. In one aspect of the present invention such a recombinant plasmid? a plasmid usable for the expression of the protein in a strain of Mediterranean Pseudomonas, preferably this plasmid? selected between pBluescript II KS-, pBBRl, pBR328, pBBRIMSC or pM220, pi? preferably pBBRIMCS or pM220.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione le sequenze promotore per l?espressione delle due proteine phaCl e phaG sono selezionate fra i promotori T7, cmv, sp6, u6, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S o il promotore Lac. Preferibilmente, tale promotore ? un promotore Lac. In one aspect of the present invention the promoter sequences for the expression of the two proteins phaCl and phaG are selected among the promoters T7, cmv, sp6, u6, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S or the Lac promoter. Preferably, such a promoter? a Lac promoter.
In un ulteriore aspetto il sito di legame ribosomale ? selezionato dal gruppo degli RBS della Community collection: BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa?B0035 o BBa_B0064, preferibilmente BBa_B0034. In a further aspect the ribosomal binding site? selected from the Community collection RBS group: BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa? B0035 or BBa_B0064, preferably BBa_B0034.
In un ulteriore aspetto il segnale di terminazione ? selezionato fra un terminatore Rho dipendente e un terminatore Rho indipendente, preferibilmente un terminatore Rho indipendente. In a further aspect the termination signal? selected between a dependent Rho terminator and an independent Rho terminator, preferably an independent Rho terminator.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione il plasmide ricombinante contenente la sequenza codificante per le proteina phal e phaG ? il plasmide pBBRphalphaG, preferibilmente tale plasmide ha la sequenza SEQ 1D No. 4. In one aspect of the present invention, the recombinant plasmid containing the coding sequence for the phal and phaG? the plasmid pBBRphalphaG, preferably this plasmid has the sequence SEQ 1D No. 4.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un plasmide ricombinante contenente almeno una cassetta di espressione procariotica comprendente, nella fase di lettura, una sequenza promotore, un sito di multiclonaggio, un sito di legame ribosomale, la sequenza codificante per la proteina phaCl ed un segnale di terminazione. A further aspect of the present invention? a recombinant plasmid containing at least one prokaryotic expression cassette comprising, in the reading step, a promoter sequence, a multicloning site, a ribosomal binding site, the sequence coding for the phaCl protein and a termination signal.
In un aspetto della presente invenzione la sequenza promotore per l?espressione della proteina phaCl ? selezionata fra il promotore T7, cmv, sp6, u?, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S o il promotore Lac. Preferibilmente, tale promotore ? un promotore Lac. In one aspect of the present invention, the promoter sequence for the expression of the phaCl? selected from the promoter T7, cmv, sp6, u ?, pgk, sv40, T3, 35S or the promoter Lac. Preferably, such a promoter? a Lac promoter.
In un ulteriore aspetto il sito di legame ribosomale ? selezionato dal gruppo di RBS della Community collection, come: BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa_B0035 o BBa_B0064, preferibilmente BBa_B0034. In a further aspect the ribosomal binding site? selected from the Community collection group of RBS, such as: BBa_B0029, BBa_B0030, BBa_B0031, BBa_B0032, BBa_B0033, BBa_B0034, BBa_B0035 or BBa_B0064, preferably BBa_B0034.
In un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione il segnale di terminazione ? selezionato fra un terminatore Rho dipendente o un terminatore Rho indipendente, preferibilmente un terminatore Rho indipendente. In a further aspect of the present invention the termination signal? selected between a dependent Rho terminator or an independent Rho terminator, preferably an independent Rho terminator.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un plasmide ricombinante contenente una cassetta di espressione codificante per la proteina phaCl, preferibilmente tale cassetta di espressione procariotica ha la sequenza SEQ ID No. 7. A further aspect of the present invention? a recombinant plasmid containing an expression cassette encoding the phaCl protein, preferably this prokaryotic expression cassette has the sequence SEQ ID No. 7.
Un aspetto della presente invenzione ? un metodo per la produzione di poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena, comprendenti i passaggi di: One aspect of the present invention? a method for the production of medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates, comprising the steps of:
crescere il ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea come descritto sopra; growing the genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea as described above;
recuperare i poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena ottenuti; recovering the obtained medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates;
opzionalmente purificare i poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena ottenuti. optionally purify the obtained medium chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un metodo per la produzione di poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena, comprendente i passaggi di: A further aspect of the present invention? a method for the production of medium chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates, comprising the steps of:
crescere il ceppo geneticamente modificato di Pseudomonas mediterranea su un terreno di coltura comprendente un glicerolo grezzo o di grado analitico; growing the genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas Mediterranea on a culture medium comprising a crude or analytical grade glycerol;
recuperare i poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena, ottenuti dal terreno di coltura; purificare i poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena ottenuti. recovering the medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates, obtained from the culture medium; purifying the obtained medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates.
Un ulteriore aspetto ? un poli-3-idrossialcanoato a media catena, ottenuto dai metodi descritti sopra. Another aspect? a medium chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate, obtained by the methods described above.
In un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione detto polimero mciPHA ha la seguente composizione: 3-idrossiesanoato (C6), 3-idrossi-ottanoato (C8), 3-idrossi decanoato (CIO), 3-idrossidodecanoato (02), 3-idrossidodecenoato (02:1) e 3-idrossitetradecanoato (04). Preferibilmente, detto polimero mciPHA ha la seguente composizione monomerica: 3-idrossiesanoato (C6), 3-idrossi-ottanoato (C8), 3-idrossidecanoato (CIO), 3-idrossidodecanoato (02), 3-idrossidodecenoato (02:1) e 3-idrossitetradecanoato (04), dove la percentuale di 3-idrossidodecanoato (02) e 3-idrossidodecenoato (02:1) ? 12.8 e 11.8, rispettivamente. In a further aspect of the present invention said mciPHA polymer has the following composition: 3-hydroxyhexanoate (C6), 3-hydroxy-octanoate (C8), 3-hydroxy decanoate (CIO), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (02), 3-hydroxydodecenoate ( 02: 1) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (04). Preferably, said mciPHA polymer has the following monomer composition: 3-hydroxyhexanoate (C6), 3-hydroxy-octanoate (C8), 3-hydroxydecanoate (CIO), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (02), 3-hydroxydecenoate (02: 1) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (04), where the percentage of 3-hydroxydodecanoate (02) and 3-hydroxytetradecenoate (02: 1)? 12.8 and 11.8, respectively.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? un polimero poii-3-idrossialcanoato a media catena avente la seguente composizione monomerica: 3- idrossiesanoato (C6): 0.5- 5%, 3-3-idrossi-ottanoato (C8): 10-15%, 3-idrossidecanoato (CIO): 40-65%, 3-idrossidodecanoato (02): 8-20%, 3-idrossidodecenoato (02:1): 7-15% e 3-idrossitetradecanoato (04): 1-10%. A further aspect of the present invention? a medium chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate polymer having the following monomer composition: 3-hydroxyhexanoate (C6): 0.5- 5%, 3-3-hydroxy-octanoate (C8): 10-15%, 3-hydroxydecanoate (CIO) : 40-65%, 3-hydroxydecanoate (02): 8-20%, 3-hydroxydodecenoate (02: 1): 7-15% and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (04): 1-10%.
Preferibilmente, tale polimero poli-3-idrossialcanoato a media catena ha la seguente composizione monomerica: 3-idrossiesanoato (C6): 0.9%, 3-idrossi-ottanoato (C8): 13.5%, 3-idrossidecanoato (CIO): 57.5%, 3-idrossidodecanoato (02): 12.8%, 3-idrossidodecenoato (02:1): 12.2% e 3-idrossitetradecanoato (04): 3.7%. Preferably, this medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate polymer has the following monomer composition: 3-hydroxyhexanoate (C6): 0.9%, 3-hydroxy-octanoate (C8): 13.5%, 3-hydroxydecanoate (CIO): 57.5%, 3-hydroxydodecanoate (02): 12.8%, 3-hydroxydodecenoate (02: 1): 12.2% and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (04): 3.7%.
Il polimero mciPHA ottenuto dalla presente invenzione ha le seguenti caratteristiche: ? un film maneggiabile trasparente con propriet? elastiche e flessibilit? dovute alla presenza di catene a media lunghezza (C8, CIO, 02) nel copolimero, ? in grado di resistere a differenti propriet? meccaniche come forza tensile, modulo di Young e allungamento alla rottura. The mciPHA polymer obtained by the present invention has the following characteristics:? a transparent manageable film with properties? elasticity and flexibility? due to the presence of medium-length chains (C8, CIO, 02) in the copolymer,? able to withstand different properties? mechanics such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break.
Un aspetto della presente invenzione ? l?uso dei polimeri poli-3-idrossialcanoato a media catena per la produzione di rivestimenti resistenti all?acqua. One aspect of the present invention? the use of medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate polymers for the production of water-resistant coatings.
In un ulteriore aspetto tali poli-3-idrossialcanoato a media catena possono essere utilizzati come additivi in composizioni con almeno uno dei seguenti: PCL (policaprolattone), PHB (poliidrossibmirrato), PLA (acido polilattide), chitosano o una miscela degli stessi per la produzione di rivestimenti resistenti all?acqua di materiali selezionati fra carta, carta velina, tessuto, legno o rete. In a further aspect, such medium chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate can be used as additives in compositions with at least one of the following: PCL (polycaprolactone), PHB (polyhydroxybmirate), PLA (polylactide acid), chitosan or a mixture thereof for the production of water-resistant coatings of selected materials from paper, tissue paper, fabric, wood or mesh.
Le catene laterali non saturate contenenti doppi legami offrono un potenziale aggiuntivo per migliorare le propriet? dei PHA o per estendere le loro applicazioni. Unsaturated side chains containing double bonds offer additional potential for improving properties. of PHAs or to extend their applications.
Un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione ? l?uso di tali po!i-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena come un additivo in composizioni con almeno uno dei seguenti: PCL (poi icapro lattone), PHB (poliidrossibutirrato), PLA (acido polilattico), chitosano o una miscela degli stessi per migliorare le propriet? delle miscele polimeriche, sia in termini di azione plastici zzante e di azione lubrificante del PHA. Come risultato le miscele mostrano un miglioramento dell?allungamento alla rottura e una riduzione di moduli elastici ad alto contenuto di PHA. A further aspect of the present invention? the use of such medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates as an additive in compositions with at least one of the following: PCL (then icapro lactone), PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), PLA (polylactic acid), chitosan or a mixture thereof to improve the properties? of polymeric blends, both in terms of plasticizing action and lubricating action of the PHA. As a result, the blends show an improvement in elongation at break and a reduction in elastic modulus with a high PHA content.
Un ulteriore aspetto ? l?uso di poli-3-idrossialcanoati a media catena per produrre nanoparticelle e/o microparticelle utili nel trasporto dei farmaci per il lento rilascio di molecole bioattive. Another aspect? the use of medium-chain poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates to produce nanoparticles and / or microparticles useful in the transport of drugs for the slow release of bioactive molecules.
MATERIALI E METODI MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ceppi batterici e condizioni di coltivazione Bacterial strains and cultivation conditions
I ceppi ed i plasmidi utilizzati in questo studio sono elencati nella Tabella 1. P. mediterranea CFBP5447 era cresciuto a 28?C in agar nutriente (Oxoid, Milan, Italy) supplementato con 1% destrosio (NDA), in Luria-Bertani (LB) agar. Il ceppo ricombinante di P. mediterranea VVC1 Gl era cresciuto con l?aggiunta di kanamicina 100 pg mL-1 e tetraciclina, 40 pg mL<'1>. Le manipolazioni del DNA, incluse le digestioni con gli enzimi di restrizione, elettroforesi su gel di agarosio, purificazione di frammenti di DNA, ligazione con T4 ligasi, e trasformazione di E. coli erano eseguite come descritto in Sambrook et al., 2005. L?accoppiamento triparentale da E. coli a P. mediterranea CFBP 5447 era eseguito con il ceppo helper di E. coli DH5a (pRK2013) (Figurski and Helinski, 1979). Quando necessario, kanamicina 50 pg mL-1 (E. coli),o 100 pg mL-1 (Pseudomonas) e tetraciclina, 15 pg mL-1 (E. coli), o 40 pg mL-1 (Pseudomonas); erano aggiunti al terreno. The strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. P. Mediterranea CFBP5447 was grown at 28 ° C in nutrient agar (Oxoid, Milan, Italy) supplemented with 1% dextrose (NDA), in Luria-Bertani (LB ) agar. The recombinant strain of P. Mediterranea VVC1 Gl was grown with the addition of kanamycin 100 pg mL-1 and tetracycline, 40 pg mL <'1>. DNA manipulations, including digestions with restriction enzymes, agarose gel electrophoresis, purification of DNA fragments, ligation with T4 ligase, and transformation of E. coli were performed as described in Sambrook et al., 2005. L Triparental coupling from E. coli to P. mediterranean CFBP 5447 was performed with the helper strain of E. coli DH5a (pRK2013) (Figurski and Helinski, 1979). When needed, kanamycin 50 pg mL-1 (E. coli), or 100 pg mL-1 (Pseudomonas) and tetracycline, 15 pg mL-1 (E. coli), or 40 pg mL-1 (Pseudomonas); they were added to the soil.
Tabella 1 . Ceppi, plasmidi e primer utilizzati nella presente invenzione. Table 1. Strains, plasmids and primers used in the present invention.
"CFBP, Collection Fiancaise de Bacteries Phylopathogenes, Angers, France. "CFBP, Collection Fiancaise de Bacteries Phylopathogenes, Angers, France.
Clonaggio e trasferimento dei geni phaCl. phal e phaG Cloning and transfer of phaCl genes. phal and phaG
Due costmtti plasmidici contenenti phal, phaG e phaCl sono stati preparati per il trasferimento ad anello a P. mediterranea. 1 geni erano sintetizzati e clonati sotto la regolazione del promotore Lac e aggiunto con un forte sito di legame ribosomale ed un forte segnale di terminazione sono stati sintetizzati (GenScript USA Ine). All?estremit? 5? di ogni gene era anche inserito un sito di restrizione EcoRI e al 3? un sito di restrizione Spel. I geni erano trasportati inseriti nel plasmide pUC57; per essere espressi in P. mediterranea i geni erano trasferiti al vettore pBBRlMCS-2 (KmR) o a pMP220 entrambi i quali sono in grado di replicare all? interno di P. mediterranea. Il gene phal era tagliato con gli enzimi di restrizione EcoRI e Spel e clonato nei corrispondenti siti in pBBRlMCS-2 per ottenere pBBRphal. Questo costaitto era poi tagliato con Hindi che genera estremit? piatte per permettere il clonaggio del gene phaG, tagliato con EcoRI e Spel da pUC57 e appiattito (Quick blunting Kit ; New England BIOLABS Ine) per ottenere pBBRphalphaG. Two plasmid constituents containing phal, phaG and phaCl were prepared for ring transfer to P. Mediterranea. The genes were synthesized and cloned under the regulation of the Lac promoter and added with a strong ribosomal binding site and a strong termination signal were synthesized (GenScript USA Ine). At the end? 5? of each gene was also inserted an EcoRI restriction site and at 3? a Spel restriction site. The genes were transported inserted into the pUC57 plasmid; in order to be expressed in P. Mediterranea the genes were transferred to the vector pBBRlMCS-2 (KmR) or to pMP220 both of which are able to replicate at? interior of P. Mediterranea. The phal gene was cleaved with EcoRI and Spel restriction enzymes and cloned at the corresponding sites in pBBRlMCS-2 to obtain pBBRphal. This costaitto was then cut with Hindi that generates extremities? flat to allow cloning of the phaG gene, cut with EcoRI and Spel from pUC57 and flattened (Quick blunting Kit; New England BIOLABS Ine) to obtain pBBRphalphaG.
Il gene phaC 1 era tagliato da pUC57 con EcoRI e Spel e clonato in un plasmide separato (pMP220, che ? compatibile con pBBRlMCS-2) linearizzato con EcoRI e Spel, per ottenere pMPphaCl. I due costrutti (pBBRphalphaG e pMPphaCl) (Fig. 1) erano trasferiti a P. mediterranea mediante coniugazione triparentale e selezionati con antibiotici creando il mutante VVC1GI. The phaC 1 gene was cut from pUC57 with EcoRI and Spel and cloned into a separate plasmid (pMP220, which is compatible with pBBRlMCS-2) linearized with EcoRI and Spel, to obtain pMPphaCl. The two constructs (pBBRphalphaG and pMPphaCl) (Fig. 1) were transferred to P. Mediterranea by triparental conjugation and selected with antibiotics creating the VVC1GI mutant.
Sequenze dei geni Gene sequences
Le sequenze dei geni descritti nella descrizione sono riportati nel Sequence listing. The sequences of the genes described in the description are reported in the Sequence listing.
Coltura Batch Batch culture
L?esperimento era condotto in fiasche Erlenmeyer contenenti 500 mL volumi di terreno E*medium (pH 7.0), (Solaiman et al., 2007). La maggior parte degli esperimenti era eseguita aggiungendo glicerolo ad alto grado (Sicania Chimica s.r.l., purezza 99.8%, pH 7.0) in terreno E*medium ad una concentrazione di 2% (v/v). Ogni fiasco era inoculato con 25 mL di batteri da brodo di coltura NB, e incubato a 30?C con agitazione a 220 rpm per 66 ore. Il ceppo ricombinante P. mediterranea WC1GI era cresciuto con l?aggiunta di kanamicina 50 pg mL-1 e tetraciclina, 20 pg mL-1. Il processo era monitorato con colorante rosso Nilo fluorescente per controllare la produzione di PHA. Tutti i risultati erano replicati in almeno tre replicazioni indipendenti. The experiment was conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 mL volumes of E * medium (pH 7.0), (Solaiman et al., 2007). Most of the experiments were performed by adding high grade glycerol (Sicania Chimica s.r.l., purity 99.8%, pH 7.0) in E * medium at a concentration of 2% (v / v). Each flask was inoculated with 25 mL of bacteria from NB culture broth, and incubated at 30 ° C with agitation at 220 rpm for 66 hours. The recombinant P. Mediterranea WC1GI strain was grown with the addition of kanamycin 50 pg mL-1 and tetracycline, 20 pg mL-1. The process was monitored with fluorescent Nile red dye to control PHA production. All results were replicated in at least three independent replicates.
Estrazione del polimero Polymer extraction
Le cellule erano cresciute mediante centrifugazione a 5000 g/m, 20 minuti, 4?C (Beckman Coulter, J-HC), lavate con soluzione salina a 0.9%, e liofilizzati per tutta la notte a peso costante (Virtis, benchtop 2K). Il PHA era estratto dalle cellule congelate-seccate mediante un estrattore automatico Soxhlet (Buchi extraction System B-811), usando acetone, uno specifico solvente per estrazione di mcl-PHA. La biomassa era dissolta in uno stesso volume di acetone a temperatura di reflusso per 30? C. La quantit? di PHA nella biomassa (Peso secco cellulare, CDW) era valutato in modo routinario dopo 66 ore di fermentazione come resa per litro di fermentazione dei substrato e percentuale della biomassa (PHA/CDW). Il polimero era successivamente precipitato per tre volte, da una soluzione di cloroformio, e metanolo freddo (1 : 10 v/v cloroformio/metanolo), lavato con metanolo, e asciugato in un forno a vuoto a 30?C. Cells were grown by centrifugation at 5000 g / m, 20 minutes, 4 ° C (Beckman Coulter, J-HC), washed with 0.9% saline, and lyophilized overnight at constant weight (Virtis, benchtop 2K) . PHA was extracted from frozen-dried cells by an automatic Soxhlet extractor (Buchi extraction System B-811), using acetone, a specific solvent for mcl-PHA extraction. The biomass was dissolved in the same volume of acetone at reflux temperature for 30? C. The quantity PHA in biomass (Dry Cell Weight, CDW) was routinely evaluated after 66 hours of fermentation as yield per liter of substrate fermentation and percentage of biomass (PHA / CDW). The polymer was subsequently precipitated three times from a solution of chloroform and cold methanol (1: 10 v / v chloroform / methanol), washed with methanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 30 ° C.
Gas cromatografia/spettrometria di massa Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry
La composizione a unit? ripetute di PHA era determinata mediante gas cromatografia/spettrometria di massa (GC/MS) del 3-idrossimetilestere. Prima dell?analisi, i polimeri di PHA ri-precipitati tre volte in metanolo freddo in modo tale da rimuovere tutti i residui di glicerolo libero. Per metanolisi, una 15% soluzione (v/v) di acido solforico in metanolo (5 mL) erano aggiunti ad una miscela di PHA (15.0 mg) in cloroformio (5.0 mL). La soluzione conteneva acido benzoico (2.5 mg) come standard interno. Dopo avere mescolato la miscela in un tubo con tappo a vite, ? stata scaldata a 100?C per 4 ore, sotto agitazione magnetica. La miscela di reazione era poi lavata due volte con 3.0 mL di acqua, e la frazione di cloroformio era deidratata su magnesio solfato, concentrata e analizzata mediante un apparato di gas cromatografia (PerkinElmer Clarus 600T) equipaggiato con una colonna selezionata 5-MS (5% difenildimetilpolisilossano, lunga 30 m, un diametro esterno di 0.25 mm e un diametro interno di 0.25 ???), e con un determinatore di massa trasportatore di gas (He) impostato a 1.0 mL/min. The composition a unit? repeated PHA was determined by 3-hydroxymethylester gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Before analysis, the PHA polymers re-precipitated three times in cold methanol in such a way as to remove all free glycerol residues. For methanolysis, a 15% solution (v / v) of sulfuric acid in methanol (5 mL) was added to a mixture of PHA (15.0 mg) in chloroform (5.0 mL). The solution contained benzoic acid (2.5 mg) as an internal standard. After mixing the mixture in a tube with a screw cap,? was heated at 100 ° C for 4 hours, under magnetic stirring. The reaction mixture was then washed twice with 3.0 mL of water, and the chloroform fraction was dehydrated over magnesium sulfate, concentrated and analyzed by a gas chromatography apparatus (PerkinElmer Clarus 600T) equipped with a selected 5-MS column (5 % diphenyldimethylpolysiloxane, 30m long, 0.25mm OD and 0.25mm ID), and with a gas carrier mass determiner (He) set to 1.0 mL / min.
La temperatura era mantenuta a 80?C per 2 minuti, poi incrementata a 250?C con una velocit? di 15?C/min e mantenuta per 5 minuti a questa temperatura; il volume iniettato era di 1 L con un iniettore a temperatura di 250?C. Lo spettro di massa era ottenuto mediante impatto a elettroni a 20 eV. 1 picchi di metilestere erano identificati confrontando i picchi dello sprettro di massa ne! gascromatogramma derivato sperimentalmente con la libreria NIST/EPA/NIH di picchi noti di spettri di massa associati con lo strumento. In aggiunta, i loro tempi di ritenzione erano confrontati simultaneamente con quelli dello standard di metil-3-idrossialcanoati acquistati da Sigma-Aidrich e Larodan Fine Chemicals. The temperature was held at 80? C for 2 minutes, then increased to 250? C with a speed? of 15? C / min and maintained for 5 minutes at this temperature; the injected volume was 1 L with an injector at a temperature of 250 ° C. The mass spectrum was obtained by electron impact at 20 eV. The peaks of methyl ester were identified by comparing the peaks of the ne mass spectrum. gas chromatogram experimentally derived with the NIST / EPA / NIH library of known peaks of mass spectra associated with the instrument. In addition, their retention times were compared simultaneously with those of the methyl-3-hydroxyalkanoate standard purchased from Sigma-Aidrich and Larodan Fine Chemicals.
Preparazione del Film Preparation of the Film
Una soluzione di polimero in toluene era gentilmente posta su una superficie di acqua (colando a goccia) in una piastra petri ed il toluene era lasciato evaporare a temperature ambiente per 24 ore. Il film era poi manualmente rimoso, asciugato a vuoto a 25?C per 4 ore. A polymer solution in toluene was gently placed on a surface of water (dripping) into a petri dish and the toluene was allowed to evaporate at room temperature for 24 hours. The film was then manually removed, vacuum dried at 25 ° C for 4 hours.
Risultati Results
Costruzioni di vettori e mutanti Constructions of vectors and mutants
Noi abbiamo costruito due nuovi vettori che portano tre geni funzionali cruciali per la produzione di PHA da glicerolo. Il vettore pBBRphalphaG contiene i geni phal e phaG, codificanti per la fas?na PHA, responsabile della stabilizzazione del polimero all'interno della cellula, e phaG, cruciale per il recupero di precursori R-3-idrossi-acile CoA dalla betaossidazione nella via del PHA. Grazie alla biologia sintetica, i due geni sono stati sintetizzati in modo tale che vengano espressi in trans una volta all?interno della cellula, producendo maggiori copie funzionali. Il secondo vettore ? il pMPphaCl che porta il gene della phaCl polimerasi in modo tale da incrementare anche l?attivit? di polimerizzazione. We have constructed two new vectors that carry three functional genes crucial for the production of PHA from glycerol. The pBBRphalphaG vector contains the phal and phaG genes, coding for the phase? Na PHA, responsible for stabilizing the polymer within the cell, and phaG, crucial for the recovery of R-3-hydroxy-acyl CoA precursors from beta-oxidation in the pathway. of the PHA. Thanks to synthetic biology, the two genes have been synthesized in such a way that they are expressed in trans once inside the cell, producing more functional copies. The second vector? the pMPphaCl that carries the phaCl polymerase gene in such a way as to also increase the activity? of polymerization.
Confronto della produzione di PHA in P. mediterranea wild type e nei ceppi mutanti Comparison of PHA production in wild type P. mediterranean and mutant strains
La visualizzazione cellulare del colorante fluorescente rosso Nilo mostrava la presenta di numerosi grossi granuli nel ceppo ricombinante VVC1GI che appariva legato in una lunga catena concatenata includente 8-20 cellule. Le cellule mostravano un?alta fluorescenza rivelata dall?alto contenuto di PHA. (Fig. 2). Cellular visualization of the Nile red fluorescent dye showed the presence of numerous large granules in the recombinant VVC1GI strain which appeared to be linked in a long linked chain including 8-20 cells. The cells exhibited high fluorescence revealed by the high PHA content. (Fig. 2).
Il ceppo WT produceva 4.2 g/L di biomassa (CDW) contenente 1 g/L di PHA (PHA/CDW = 23%). La fermentazione eseguita con un glicerolo pure (99%) mediante il ceppo ri combinante VVC1G1 produceva 3.6 g/L di CDW e 1.4 g/L di PHA grezzo (PHA/CDW - 38.8%). In confronto con il ceppo Wt era ottenuta una produttivit? maggiore del 40% mediante il ceppo ricombinante (Tabella 2). The WT strain produced 4.2 g / L of biomass (CDW) containing 1 g / L of PHA (PHA / CDW = 23%). Fermentation performed with a pure glycerol (99%) by the re-combining strain VVC1G1 produced 3.6 g / L of CDW and 1.4 g / L of raw PHA (PHA / CDW - 38.8%). In comparison with the Wt strain a productivity? greater than 40% by the recombinant strain (Table 2).
Tabella 2. Biomassa e rese di mcl-PHA ottenute dalla coltivazione di ceppi di P. Table 2. Biomass and yields of mcl-PHA obtained from the cultivation of P.
La composizione del poliestere filmabile ottenuto era determinate mediante GC/MS del 3-idrossialcanoato metilestere preparato mediante totale metanolisi (Tabella 3). Questi dati sottolineavano che la struttura dei PHA sia del ceppo selvatico che del mutante ? composta di sei monomeri: 3-idrossiesanoato (C6), 3-idrossi-ottanoato (C8), 3-idrossidecanoato (CIO), 3-idrossidodecanoato (C12), 3-idrossidodecenoato (C 12:1) e 3-idrossitetradecanoato (C14). La percentuale di C12 e CI 2:1, determinata nel PHA prodotto dal ceppo mutante VVC1GI era 12.8 e 1 1.8, rispettivamente; mentre nel ceppo Wt tale percentuale 6 e 12, rispettivamente (Tabella 3). The composition of the obtained filmable polyester was determined by GC / MS of the 3-hydroxyalkanoate methyl ester prepared by total methanolysis (Table 3). These data underlined that the structure of the PHAs of both the wild and the mutant strain? composed of six monomers: 3-hydroxyhexanoate (C6), 3-hydroxy-octanoate (C8), 3-hydroxydecanoate (CIO), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (C12), 3-hydroxydodecenoate (C 12: 1) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (C14 ). The percentage of C12 and CI 2: 1, determined in the PHA produced by the VVC1GI mutant strain was 12.8 and 1 1.8, respectively; while in the Wt strain this percentage 6 and 12, respectively (Table 3).
La viscosit? del PHA prodotto mediante VVC1G1 era minore di quello del ceppo selvatico, uguale a 0.7 dl/g, in confronto con 1.4 dl/g, come risultato di un diverso peso molecolare e/o conformazione della catena laterale (Tabella 3). The viscosity? PHA produced by VVC1G1 was lower than that of the wild strain, equal to 0.7 dl / g, compared with 1.4 dl / g, as a result of a different molecular weight and / or side chain conformation (Table 3).
Tabella 3. Composizione del co-monomero e viscosit? dei PHA ottenuti dai ceppi P. mediterranea 9.1 e dai mutanti cresciuti su glicerolo puro. Table 3. Composition of the co-monomer and viscosity of PHAs obtained from P. Mediterranea 9.1 strains and from mutants grown on pure glycerol.
11 nuovo polimero ottenuto ? diverso da ogni altro noto fino ad ora. La sua principale applicazione ? vista come un nuovo additivo per migliorare la performance di miscele polimeriche, per produrre nano/micro-particelle di mcl-PHA o di miscele polimeriche adatte per il trasporto dei farmaci, per i rivestimenti resistenti all?acqua di carta velina, tessuti, materiali di legno e manufatti. 11 new polymer obtained? unlike any other known so far. Its main application? seen as a new additive to improve the performance of polymer blends, to produce nano / micro-particles of mcl-PHA or polymeric blends suitable for drug transport, for water-resistant coatings of tissue paper, fabrics, wood and artifacts.
Riferimenti References
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| Title |
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| LICCIARDELLO G ET AL: "Draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas corrugata, a phytopathogenic bacterium with potential industrial applications", JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 175, 10 April 2014 (2014-04-10), pages 65 - 66, XP028631078, ISSN: 0168-1656, DOI: 10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2014.02.003 * |
| LICCIARDELLO G ET AL: "Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas mediterranea Strain CFBP 5447T, a Producer of Filmable Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates.", GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014, vol. 2, no. 6, 2014, XP002751995, ISSN: 2169-8287 * |
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