ITMI20112040A1 - PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS DEALOGENATION AND REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - Google Patents
PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS DEALOGENATION AND REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Download PDFInfo
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- ITMI20112040A1 ITMI20112040A1 IT002040A ITMI20112040A ITMI20112040A1 IT MI20112040 A1 ITMI20112040 A1 IT MI20112040A1 IT 002040 A IT002040 A IT 002040A IT MI20112040 A ITMI20112040 A IT MI20112040A IT MI20112040 A1 ITMI20112040 A1 IT MI20112040A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mineral oil
- contaminated
- reactor
- plant
- reaction tubes
- Prior art date
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- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/04—Metals, or metals deposited on a carrier
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/34—Dehalogenation using reactive chemical agents able to degrade
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G19/00—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment
- C10G19/02—Refining hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G53/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
- C10G53/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G53/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
- C10G53/16—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural parallel stages only
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
IMPIANTO PER LA DEALOGENAZIONE E LA RIGENERAZIONE IN CONTINUO DI OLI MINERALI CONTAMINATI DA COMPOSTI ORGANICI CLORURATI PLANT FOR DEHALOGENATION AND CONTINUOUS REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Campo tecnico dell’invenzione Technical field of invention
La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un impianto per la decontaminazione in condizioni di sicurezza di oli minerali contaminati da composti organici clorurati, in grado di operare utilizzando indifferentemente metalli alcalini o idruri di metalli alcalini. The present invention relates to a plant for the decontamination in safe conditions of mineral oils contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds, capable of operating indifferently using alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides.
Stato della tecnica State of the art
Il policlorobifenile (PCB), à ̈ un composto, o una miscela di composti omologhi, a base aromatica altamente clorurata avente caratteristiche di grande inerzia chimica, bassa volatilità , stabilità termica e ottime caratteristiche dielettriche, che ne hanno diffusa l’applicazione alle apparecchiature elettriche come fluidi isolanti/refrigeranti nei condensatori e nei trasformatori, nonché in altre applicazioni come fluidi di servizio oleodinamico in macchine operatrici e sistemi idraulici. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is a compound, or a mixture of homologous compounds, with a highly chlorinated aromatic base having characteristics of great chemical inertness, low volatility, thermal stability and excellent dielectric characteristics, which have spread its application to equipment electrical as insulating / refrigerating fluids in condensers and transformers, as well as in other applications as hydraulic service fluids in operating machines and hydraulic systems.
Tuttavia, per le sue caratteristiche di tossicità verso l’uomo e la sua non degradabilità e persistenza, che portano ad un suo accumulo progressivo nell’ambiente e, quindi, anche nelle catene alimentari con effetti di accumulo finale nei tessuti animali ed umani, ne à ̈ stato bandito l’uso. However, due to its characteristics of toxicity towards humans and its non-degradability and persistence, which lead to its progressive accumulation in the environment and, therefore, also in the food chains with final accumulation effects in animal and human tissues , its use has been banned.
Ciononostante, esistono ancora in campo industriale apparecchiature contenenti PCB in differenti concentrazioni in funzione dell’origine delle stesse. Nevertheless, equipment containing PCBs in different concentrations according to their origin still exists in the industrial field.
Tra i metodi di decontaminazione in uso i più comuni sono la termodistruzione (qualora la concentrazione di PCB sia superiore a 10.000 ppm) e la distruzione chimica (qualora la concentrazione di PCB sia compresa tra 50 e 10.000 ppm). Among the decontamination methods in use, the most common are thermal destruction (if the PCB concentration is higher than 10,000 ppm) and chemical destruction (if the PCB concentration is between 50 and 10,000 ppm).
Per quanto riguarda la distruzione chimica, in letteratura sono descritti numerosi procedimenti efficaci nel trattare concentrazioni di PCB tra i 50 ed i 10.000 ppm. As far as chemical destruction is concerned, numerous methods are described in the literature which are effective in treating PCB concentrations between 50 and 10,000 ppm.
L’utilizzo della distruzione chimica per concentrazioni superiori à ̈ svantaggiato principalmente da fattori economici e di sicurezza, poiché i reattivi utilizzati sono troppo costosi per rendere economicamente interessante l’utilizzo di grandi quantitativi di reattivo necessari ad ottenere la decontaminazione. Inoltre, la reazione di decontaminazione à ̈ esotermica e necessita di una costante ed efficace asportazione di calore per evitare il surriscaldamento delle apparecchiature. The use of chemical destruction for higher concentrations is mainly disadvantaged by economic and safety factors, since the reagents used are too expensive to make the use of large quantities of reagent necessary to obtain decontamination economically attractive. Furthermore, the decontamination reaction is exothermic and requires constant and effective heat removal to avoid overheating of the equipment.
Esempi di procedimenti di decontaminazione noti nella tecnica che utilizzano come reagenti dispersioni di metalli alcalini sono descritti nelle pubblicazioni US-A-4.379.746, US-A-4.379.752, US-A-5.318.228, US-A-6.414.212 e JP-A-2009000416. Examples of decontamination processes known in the art which use alkali metal dispersions as reactants are described in publications US-A-4.379.746, US-A-4.379.752, US-A-5.318.228, US-A-6.414. 212 and JP-A-2009000416.
Esposizione dell’invenzione Exhibition of the invention
Scopo primario della presente invenzione à ̈ di fornire un impianto per operare un procedimento di decontaminazione e di rigenerazione in continuo di oli minerali contaminati da composti organici clorurati utilizzando metalli alcalini o idruri di metalli alcalini. The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant for operating a continuous decontamination and regeneration process of mineral oils contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds using alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides.
Tale scopo viene raggiunto con un impianto per la dealogenazione e la rigenerazione in continuo di oli minerali contaminati da composti organici clorurati mediante il trattamento di detti oli minerali contaminati in un reattore con un reagente comprendente metalli alcalini oppure idruri di metalli alcalini, caratterizzato dal fatto che detto reattore à ̈ formato da una molteplicità di tubi di reazione destinati ad essere completamente riempiti con un olio minerale contaminato da trattare ed à ̈ munito di mezzi per regolare la temperatura di detto olio minerale contaminato all’interno di detti tubi di reazione. This purpose is achieved with a plant for the continuous dehalogenation and regeneration of mineral oils contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds by treating said contaminated mineral oils in a reactor with a reagent comprising alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides, characterized in that said reactor is formed by a multiplicity of reaction tubes intended to be completely filled with a contaminated mineral oil to be treated and is equipped with means for regulating the temperature of said contaminated mineral oil inside said reaction tubes.
Secondo una caratteristica dell’invenzione, l’impianto à ̈ munito di vaso di espansione che garantisce una pressione del fluido circolante non inferiore ad un metro di colonna di liquido e la possibilità di consentire l’evacuazione di ogni tipologia di gas si dovesse generare. Tale vaso di espansione à ̈ dimensionato in modo da mantenere sempre pieno il circuito impedendo l’ingresso di aria durante la fase di raffreddamento e di riduzione del volume di olio minerale trattato. According to a characteristic of the invention, the system is equipped with an expansion tank that guarantees a pressure of the circulating fluid of not less than one meter of liquid column and the possibility of allowing the evacuation of any type of gas. should generate. This expansion tank is sized in such a way as to always keep the circuit full, preventing the entry of air during the cooling phase and reducing the volume of treated mineral oil.
Il reattore secondo l’invenzione à ̈ in grado di operare in sicurezza, anche con alte concentrazioni di contaminante che porterebbero ad un aumento vigoroso della temperatura a causa dell’esotermicità della reazione di dealogenazione, perché i tubi di reazione sono sempre pieni di olio minerale da trattare e la temperatura dell’olio minerale à ̈ regolata mediante una camicia attorno ai tubi di reazione riempita con un olio diatermico che fluisce in controcorrente rispetto al flusso nei tubi di reazione, al fine di consentire una rapida ed efficace rimozione del calore di reazione generato. The reactor according to the invention is able to operate safely, even with high concentrations of contaminant that would lead to a vigorous increase in temperature due to the exothermicity of the dehalogenation reaction, because the reaction tubes are always full of mineral oil to be treated and the temperature of the mineral oil is regulated by means of a jacket around the reaction tubes filled with a diathermic oil which flows in countercurrent with respect to the flow in the reaction tubes, in order to allow rapid and effective removal of the heat of reaction generated.
Breve descrizione dei disegni Brief description of the drawings
La presente invenzione verrà descritta più in dettaglio con riferimento ai disegni allegati, in cui: The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
la Figura 1 à ̈ uno schema di principio di una prima forma di realizzazione dell’impianto secondo l’invenzione, e Figure 1 is a basic diagram of a first embodiment of the plant according to the invention, and
la Figura 2 à ̈ uno schema di principio di una seconda forma di realizzazione dell’impianto. Figure 2 is a basic diagram of a second embodiment of the system.
Descrizione delle forme di realizzazione preferite dell’invenzione Con riferimento alle figure 1 e 2 dei disegni, l’impianto à ̈ composto dalle seguenti unità fondamentali: Description of the preferred embodiments of the invention With reference to figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, the plant is composed of the following basic units:
- unità di preriscaldamento (17) - necessaria alla rimozione di composti bassobollenti ed acqua che potrebbero interferire negli stadi successivi del processo; - preheating unit (17) - necessary for the removal of low boiling compounds and water that could interfere in the subsequent stages of the process;
- unità di dispersione dei metalli alcalini (1) – necessaria per la finissima dispersione dei lingotti metallici all’interno del fluido disperdente; - alkali metal dispersion unit (1) - necessary for the very fine dispersion of the metal ingots inside the dispersing fluid;
- unità di mantenimento della dispersione del reattivo in olio (2) – necessaria per la preparazione della miscela di olio e reattivo che viene iniettato nel reattore; - unit for maintaining the dispersion of the reactive in oil (2) - necessary for the preparation of the mixture of oil and reactive which is injected into the reactor;
- reattore multistadio tubolare a temperatura regolata (6) – necessario per effettuare e controllare la reazione di decontaminazione. - temperature-regulated tubular multistage reactor (6) - necessary to carry out and control the decontamination reaction.
L’olio minerale contaminato viene preriscaldato attraverso uno scambiatore di calore a piastre (17) ed introdotto in una camera di essiccazione e degassamento (3) dove subisce l’essiccamento ed il degassamento attraverso atomizzazione in ambiente sottovuoto. The contaminated mineral oil is preheated through a plate heat exchanger (17) and introduced into a drying and degassing chamber (3) where it undergoes drying and degassing through atomization in a vacuum environment.
La camera (3) à ̈ dotata di mezzi aspiratori per aspirare i gas liberati dall’operazione di degassamento costituiti da aria, vapore d’acqua o composti volatili, che prima di esser raffreddati, condensati ed introdotti in atmosfera, vengono a contatto con un filtro a carboni attivi (4). The chamber (3) is equipped with suction means to suck in the gases released by the degassing operation consisting of air, water vapor or volatile compounds, which, before being cooled, condensed and introduced into the atmosphere, come into contact with an activated carbon filter (4).
Il reagente (un metallo alcalino o un idruro di metallo alcalino, preferibilmente Na) viene introdotto in un dispersore/emulsionatore (1) opportunamente progettato al fine di ottenere l’efficiente dispersione del reagente in un opportuno solvente, ad esempio un olio dielettrico. Tale dispersore à ̈ dotato di un sistema di riscaldamento/raffreddamento che consente inizialmente di raggiungere la temperatura di fusione del reagente e facilitarne la sua dispersione nel solvente e successivamente, mediante raffreddamento, di raggiungere la temperatura di cristallizzazione del reagente che rimane così in finissima dispersione nel solvente. The reagent (an alkali metal or an alkali metal hydride, preferably Na) is introduced into a disperser / emulsifier (1) suitably designed in order to obtain the efficient dispersion of the reagent in a suitable solvent, for example a dielectric oil. This disperser is equipped with a heating / cooling system that initially allows to reach the melting temperature of the reagent and facilitate its dispersion in the solvent and subsequently, by cooling, to reach the crystallization temperature of the reagent which thus remains very fine. dispersion in the solvent.
Il reagente disperso nel solvente a questo punto viene introdotto in un apposito omogeneizzatore/dispersore (2) necessario al mantenimento dell’uniformità della sospensione. At this point, the reagent dispersed in the solvent is introduced into a special homogenizer / disperser (2) necessary to maintain the uniformity of the suspension.
Il contatto tra la miscela reagente e l’olio minerale contaminato ha luogo inizialmente nel miscelatore (5), ove, grazie ad una rapida circolazione forzata la miscelazione avviene efficacemente. The contact between the reagent mixture and the contaminated mineral oil initially takes place in the mixer (5), where, thanks to a rapid forced circulation, mixing takes place effectively.
A questo punto la corrente composta da olio minerale contaminato e dalla miscela reagente viene trasferita all’interno di un reattore multistadio tubolare (6). Tale reattore à ̈ caratterizzato dal fatto di essere costituito da almeno due, preferibilmente tre stadi di reazione corrispondenti ai circuiti a tubi orizzontali che lo compongono. Questi tubi sono progettati in modo da generare al loro interno un’altissima turbolenza al fine di favorire la reazione di dealogenazione dell’olio minerale contaminato. At this point the stream composed of contaminated mineral oil and the reagent mixture is transferred inside a tubular multistage reactor (6). This reactor is characterized in that it consists of at least two, preferably three reaction stages corresponding to the horizontal tube circuits that compose it. These tubes are designed in such a way as to generate very high turbulence inside them in order to favor the dehalogenation reaction of the contaminated mineral oil.
La temperatura all’interno del reattore à ̈ controllata grazie ad una camicia attorno ai tubi riempita con un flusso di olio diatermico in controcorrente che consente una rapida ed efficace rimozione e ricupero del calore di reazione. The temperature inside the reactor is controlled thanks to a jacket around the tubes filled with a counter-current flow of diathermic oil which allows rapid and effective removal and recovery of the reaction heat.
La pressione del liquido circolante à ̈ garantita dal vaso di espansione aperto in atmosfera. The pressure of the circulating liquid is guaranteed by the expansion tank open to the atmosphere.
L’olio minerale decontaminato uscente dal reattore può poi seguire due differenti trattamenti finali egualmente efficaci, e cioà ̈ il trattamento con terre attive decoloranti (schema di Fig. 1) oppure la microfiltrazione e depolarizzazione (schema di Fig. 2), che sono descritti nei successivi paragrafi. The decontaminated mineral oil leaving the reactor can then follow two different, equally effective final treatments, namely the treatment with bleaching active earths (diagram of Fig. 1) or microfiltration and depolarization (diagram of Fig. 2), which are described in the following paragraphs.
Nel trattamento con terre attive decoloranti, l’olio uscente dal reattore, decontaminato e contenente i sotto prodotti di reazione, viene inserito in un miscelatore (9) dove, grazie ad un trasferimento mediante una coclea dosatrice (8), viene a contatto con terre decoloranti, in grado di rimuovere sia i composti polari formatisi che gli eventuali sottoprodotti di reazione. In the treatment with bleaching active earths, the oil leaving the reactor, decontaminated and containing the reaction by-products, is inserted into a mixer (9) where, thanks to a transfer by means of a metering screw (8), it comes into contact with bleaching earths, able to remove both the polar compounds formed and any reaction by-products.
I rilasci in atmosfera vengono opportunamente evitati grazie ad un abbattitore di polveri/nebbie d’olio (7). Releases into the atmosphere are suitably avoided thanks to a dust / oil mist eliminator (7).
La fanghiglia formatasi nel miscelatore, viene poi separata da un decantatore (10) per estrazione dei fanghi di tipo centrifugo dal quale escono separatamente il fluido decontaminato e, mediante nastro trasportatore i fanghi costituiti da sali, terra ed una piccola percentuale di olio (12). The sludge formed in the mixer is then separated by a decanter (10) by extraction of the centrifugal sludge from which the decontaminated fluid comes out separately and, by means of a conveyor belt, the sludge consisting of salts, earth and a small percentage of oil (12) .
L’olio minerale decontaminato prima di lasciare l’impianto passa attraverso una filtropressa (11) a carte con dimensione finale di filtrazione inferiore a 3 Î1⁄4m. Before leaving the plant, the decontaminated mineral oil passes through a paper filter press (11) with a final filtration size of less than 3 Î1⁄4m.
Nel trattamento mediante microfiltrazione, l’olio minerale uscente dal reattore, decontaminato e contenente i sotto prodotti di reazione, viene inviato ad un bacino di raccolta (13) dove à ̈ raffreddato al disotto degli 80°C con lo scopo di rendere il metallo reagente un residuo solido e quindi filtrabile. In the treatment by microfiltration, the mineral oil exiting the reactor, decontaminated and containing the reaction by-products, is sent to a collection basin (13) where it is cooled below 80 ° C in order to make the metal reactant a solid residue and therefore filterable.
Una volta raggiunte le condizioni di temperatura ottimali, l’olio minerale decontaminato viene inviato ad una batteria di microfiltri (14) costituita da setacci tubolari in ceramica da 0,05 Î1⁄4m attraverso i quali l’olio minerale decontaminato viene fatto passare al fine di separare i sottoprodotti/reagente in eccesso che vengono scartati come fanghi ed inviati alla camera di decantazione (15). Once the optimal temperature conditions have been reached, the decontaminated mineral oil is sent to a battery of microfilters (14) consisting of 0.05 Î1⁄4m ceramic tubular sieves through which the decontaminated mineral oil is passed in order to separate the excess by-products / reagent which are discarded as sludge and sent to the decantation chamber (15).
L’olio minerale decontaminato prima di lasciare l’impianto passa attraverso una colonna di depolarizzazione (16) contenente terre granulari rigenerabili che conferiscono all’olio minerale decontaminato il tipico colore tipico di un olio minerale nuovo e rimuovono i sottoprodotti di reazione. Before leaving the plant, the decontaminated mineral oil passes through a depolarization column (16) containing regenerable granular earths which give the decontaminated mineral oil the typical color typical of a new mineral oil and remove the reaction by-products.
Benché l’invenzione sia stata descritta ed illustrata con riferimento a delle forme di realizzazione preferite, s’intende che una persona esperta potrà apportare diverse modifiche e varianti alle forme di realizzazione descritte senza tuttavia uscire dall’ambito delle rivendicazioni allegate. Although the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to preferred embodiments, it is understood that a skilled person can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments described without however departing from the scope of the attached claims.
Claims (4)
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|---|---|---|---|
| IT002040A ITMI20112040A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2011-11-10 | PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS DEALOGENATION AND REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| IT002040A ITMI20112040A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2011-11-10 | PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS DEALOGENATION AND REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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| IT002040A ITMI20112040A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2011-11-10 | PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS DEALOGENATION AND REGENERATION OF MINERAL OILS CONTAMINATED BY CHLORINATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5936137A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1999-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Process for destroying halogenated compounds |
| WO2003011449A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Flow reactors for chemical conversions with hetergeneouos catalysts |
| DE10155628A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Linde Ag | Performing endothermic reactions for converting and/or splitting materials e.g. hydrocarbons, involves passing materials through heated reaction tubes |
| US6649044B1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2003-11-18 | Dcr International Environmental Services B.V. | Process for the reductive dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons |
| US20060270882A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Brown Stephen H | Reactor temperature control |
| WO2010128006A1 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Cooling module and reactor comprising the same |
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2011
- 2011-11-10 IT IT002040A patent/ITMI20112040A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5936137A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 1999-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Process for destroying halogenated compounds |
| US6649044B1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2003-11-18 | Dcr International Environmental Services B.V. | Process for the reductive dehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons |
| WO2003011449A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Flow reactors for chemical conversions with hetergeneouos catalysts |
| DE10155628A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Linde Ag | Performing endothermic reactions for converting and/or splitting materials e.g. hydrocarbons, involves passing materials through heated reaction tubes |
| US20060270882A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Brown Stephen H | Reactor temperature control |
| WO2010128006A1 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Cooling module and reactor comprising the same |
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